Florence Henri Miroir Des Avant-Gardes, 1927-1940 Mirror of the Avant-Garde, 1927-1940 24/02 – 17/0 5/2 015

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Florence Henri Miroir Des Avant-Gardes, 1927-1940 Mirror of the Avant-Garde, 1927-1940 24/02 – 17/0 5/2 015 FLORENCE HENRI MIROIR DES AVANT-GARDES, 1927-1940 MIRROR OF THE AVANT-GARDE, 1927-1940 24/02 – 17/0 5/2 015 [ FR / EN ] FLORENCE HENRI hérité de son père et déposé en Angleterre, ce qui MIROIR DES AVANT-GARDES l’oblige à gagner sa vie en accompagnant au piano des projections de films muets. Cette situation l’amène Cette exposition offre un vaste parcours à travers aussi à reconsidérer la possibilité de faire carrière dans l’œuvre photographique de Florence Henri, figure le milieu de la musique et à entreprendre des études centrale des avant-gardes de l’entre-deux-guerres. de peinture. C’est ainsi qu’elle fait la connaissance Sa recherche plastique dans le domaine de la de l’historien de l’art Carl Einstein, avec lequel elle photographie se distingue par son originalité et sa entretiendra une relation sentimentale entre 1919 capacité à véhiculer les idées du postcubisme et du et 1923. Elle rencontre alors les figures les plus constructivisme, exploitant les possibilités que lui offre représentatives des diverses avant-gardes – Hans le langage photographique de la Nouvelle Vision. Richter, Jean Arp, John Heartfield, Jean Pougny Comme l’indique László Moholy-Nagy dans un texte et László Moholy-Nagy. À cette époque, elle se qui accompagne la publication de quelques-unes lie d’une profonde amitié avec des artistes comme des premières images expérimentales de Florence Margarete Schall ou Theo et Nelly Van Doesburg. Henri dans la revue i10 (1928), ses compositions En 1924, elle s’installe à Paris. Elle poursuit ses études aux miroirs et ses superpositions explorent, à partir de peinture à l’Académie Montparnasse dirigée par d’une perspective et d’un point de vue inédits, la André Lhote, puis à l’Académie moderne où enseigne représentation d’objets et les rapports spatiaux. Fernand Léger. En 1926, elle expose avec les élèves de Florence Henri naît à New York le 28 juin 1893, d’un l’Académie moderne à la Galerie d’art contemporain. père français et d’une mère allemande. Sa mère L’été 1927 sera décisif dans l’orientation future de son meurt alors qu’elle n’a que deux ans, événement parcours artistique. Elle s’inscrit au Cours préliminaire déterminant : dès son plus jeune âge, elle voyage et vit du Bauhaus, dispensé durant l’été par Moholy-Nagy dans des milieux très différents, d’abord en Silésie, au et Josef Albers. La photographie ne faisait pas encore sein de sa famille maternelle jusqu’à l’âge de 9 ans, puis partie des disciplines officielles enseignées au Bauhaus, à Paris, dans un internat de religieuses au sein duquel mais les élèves comme les professeurs y avaient elle suit un enseignement musical, qu’elle poursuivra en souvent recours. Angleterre. Lorsque son père meurt, en 1907, elle reçoit De retour à Paris, Florence Henri se consacre à un héritage qui lui permettra de bénéficier d’un relatif la photographie. Les expériences auxquelles elle confort matériel tout au long de sa vie. se livre donnent naissance à une œuvre prolifique À l’âge de 19 ans, elle retourne en Allemagne et dont certaines caractéristiques la différencient de ses s’installe à Berlin. Lorsque la guerre éclate, en 1914, contemporains. Elle combine les enseignements du elle décide d’y rester. Elle vivra dans le pays jusqu’à cubisme et du constructivisme à la recherche d’une la fin du conflit, sans recevoir la rente du capital nouvelle forme d’expression adaptée aux possibilités offertes par la photographie. Dans ses premières « Film und Foto » à Stuttgart qui réunit les œuvres compositions, elle introduit un élément qui s’avèrera des photographes les plus emblématiques des deux fondamental dans sa recherche artistique : le miroir. Avec principaux courants d’avant-garde du moment, la très peu d’éléments, elle crée des images d’une grande Nouvelle Vision et la Nouvelle Objectivité, ainsi que complexité qui se caractérisent par la fragmentation des images anonymes tirées d’archives et de médias de l’espace et les perspectives multiples. Parmi elles imprimés. Foto-Auge, une publication réalisée par se trouve l’une de ses œuvres les plus connues : Franz Roh et Jan Tschichold, accompagne l’exposition. l’autoportrait au miroir et aux deux boules métalliques, L’autoportrait de Florence Henri qui se reflète dans le qui reflète l’esprit de liberté de l’époque, offrant l’image miroir avec les deux boules métalliques compte parmi d’une artiste moderne et émancipée, non conforme au les photographies publiées. Au printemps, elle fait la statut social traditionnellement attribué à la femme. Ses connaissance du poète et critique d’art Michel Seuphor, natures mortes, réalisées avec des objets dissemblables, de Georges Vantongerloo, de Joaquín Torres García tous d’origine industrielle, constituent un autre groupe et de Piet Mondrian. Elle intègre le groupe Cercle et d’œuvres fondamentales que leur auteur a baptisées Carré, tout juste créé. Composition. Pour les œuvres intitulées Composition Durant la crise économique de 1929, Florence Henri se abstraite, Florence Henri a également recours aux voit dans l’obligation d’ouvrir un studio de photographie expositions multiples au moment de la prise de vue ou professionnel dans son propre logement. Cette activité à la combinaison de divers négatifs pour obtenir des vient s’ajouter à son travail d’enseignante – on compte images abstraites. Sa production photographique est, à parmi ses élèves Lisette Model ou encore Gisèle Freund. ce stade, une synthèse parfaite entre la peinture abstraite Les images destinées à la publicité s’inscrivent dans le géométrique et les innovations photographiques de la prolongement de ses expérimentations antérieures avec Nouvelle Vision. L’auteur l’exprime elle-même en ces des objets et des miroirs. En 1931, elle participe à deux termes : « Avec la photographie ce que je veux surtout expositions consacrées à la photographie publicitaire : c’est composer l’image comme je le fais avec la peinture. la première, « Foreign Advertising Photography », Il faut que les volumes, les lignes, les ombres et la lumière se tient à l’Art Center de New York au mois de mars, obéissent à ma volonté et disent ce que je veux leur et la seconde, « La publicité par la photographie », faire dire. Ceci sous le strict contrôle de la composition, à Paris, à la Galerie d’art contemporain. Florence car je ne prétends pas expliquer le monde ni expliquer Henri, comme d’autres femmes photographes de mes pensées. » l’époque, pratique aussi le nu, genre photographique Au début de l’année 1929, Florence Henri participe aux débouchés commerciaux indiscutables. à l’exposition « Fotografie der Gegenwart » au Museum La représentation du corps féminin dénudé n’est Folkwang d’Essen. Cette même année, en mai, plus l’apanage des photographes masculins. elle est invitée à participer à la célèbre exposition Sans nul doute encouragée par la bonne réception réservée à son œuvre photographique, Florence Henri galerie Julien Levy de New York. En janvier 1933, elle approfondit encore ses recherches, travaillant avec inaugure au Folkwang Museum d’Essen une exposition des morceaux de miroir et des objets qui ne sont plus individuelle autour de son travail de portraitiste. de type industriel. Elle les remplace, en effet, par des Florence Henri arpente aussi les rues de Paris. Fidèle à éléments d’origine naturelle. Elle fait également entrer son souci de construction, elle retrouve dans les reflets le collage dans sa pratique artistique, soulignant ainsi des vitrines de magasins le même esprit qui animait son intérêt pour la création d’images autonomes qui ses compositions aux miroirs réalisées en studio. mettent en évidence son travail conceptuel. En mars Entre 1937 et 1940, elle séjourne fréquemment et avril 1930, elle présente sa première exposition en Bretagne en compagnie de l’écrivain Pierre individuelle au Studio 28 à Paris. Loin de s’en tenir Minet. Pour cette série d’images documentaires, aux natures mortes, Florence Henri tourne son intérêt elle ne renonce pas, cependant, à un travail de créatif vers le portrait. La série Portrait Composition construction réfléchi et à un choix méticuleux du se caractérise par un cadrage resserré sur les sujets point de vue. Pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, choisis au premier plan. Dans certains cas, elle le matériel photographique se fait rare et difficile compose avec des ombres qui traversent le cadre et d’accès. Elle retourne à la peinture et son activité de viennent interrompre la continuité de l’image. Et plus photographe s’en trouve considérablement réduite. tard, lorsqu’ayant emménagé dans son appartement En 1963, Florence Henri quitte Paris et emménage de la rue Saint-Romain, à Montparnasse, elle aura définitivement à Bellival avec son amie, Jeanne la possibilité de travailler sur sa terrasse, à la lumière Taffoireau, dans une vieille bâtisse où un espace naturelle, elle continuera à explorer les possibilités est consacré à son atelier de peinture. offertes par la fragmentation de l’image en la Comme c’est le cas pour de nombreuses femmes disloquant au moyen d’ombres et de reflets. photographes ayant bénéficié d’une grande notoriété Entre la fin de l’année 1931 et le début de l’année dans les années 1920 et 1930, l’œuvre photographique 1932, elle visite Rome. Elle parcourt la ville, réalisant de Florence Henri est pratiquement tombée dans l’oubli. une série de prises de vue qui lui serviront, de retour À partir de 1974, grâce au travail et à la ténacité de à Paris, à l’élaboration d’un ensemble de collages. Elle Giovanni Battista Martini et d’Alberto Ronchetti, l’artiste les compose à partir de fragments de ces prises de retrouve la place qu’elle mérite dans l’histoire de la vue qu’elle photographie à nouveau en positif, sans photographie.
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