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Et Thymelaea Hirsuta Endel République Algérienne Démocratique et Populaire Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique Université Larbi Ben M’Hidi Oum El-Bouaghi Faculté des Sciences Exactes et des S.N.V Département Sciences de la Matière N° d’ordre.… /2019 MEMOIRE Pour l’obtention du diplôme de Master en chimie Option : chimie pharmaceutique Etude phytochimique et évaluation de l’activité antibactérienne des extraits des plantes Mentha pulegium L et Thymelaea hirsuta Endel Présenté Par : ZEGHMAR Safia GHOUL Kenza Sous la direction de : Dr. HAZOURLI Abdelkrim Soutenu le : 11/07/2019 Devant le jury de soutenance suivant : Pr. SID Assia Pr. GHERRAF NOUREDDINE Dr. HAZOURLI Abdelkrim Année Universitaire : 2018/2019 Dédicace A mes parents Saïd et El Zohra, Pour vos mains qui ont tant travaillées, Pour votre cœur qui m’a tant donné Pour votre sourire qui m’a tant réchauffé, Pour vos yeux qui furent parfois mouillés, Pour vous qui m’avez tant aimé. A la plus chère au monde, Mon frère Bilal qui a Toujours m’encouragé durant Mes études A mes frères : Bilal, Ibrahim, Kamel et Abd El-Kader. A mes sœurs : Meriem, Fatiha, Rabia, Karima, Aicha, Sabrina A mes neveux AbdAlsamie, Zineb, Chayma A mon binôme d’étude Safia A mes amis de la promotion de master en Biochimie A tous mes collègues et mes amies Kenza Dédicace Je dédie ce modeste travail à mon Très chère Frère Hacen Qui m’a toujours soutenu, et qu'a été Toujours présent pour Moi A mon mère FAKIA Pour votre cœur qui m’a tant donné Pour votre sourire qui m’a tant réchauffé Aux plus chères au monde. Mes grandes mères Kamir, Fatiha qui ont Toujours m’encouragés durant Mes études A mes frères : Bachir, Youssef A mes sœurs : Rayan, Achwak, MALAK, NAWAL, HASSINA, BASSMA. A mon fiancé Abd El Kader A mes cousins Kawthar, Jinan, Rital, Ali, AbdElrahman A mon binôme d’étude Kanza A tous mes collègues et mes amies Safia Remerciements Je remercie tout d’abord ALLAH le tout puissant de m’avoir donné la santé la patience, la puissance et la volonté pour réaliser ce mémoire. Je tiens particulièrement à remercier mon promoteur, A. HAZOURLI, docteur à l’université d’Oum el bouaghi , je le remercie pour sa disponibilité, ses pertinents conseils et de m’avoir guidé durant la préparation de mon mémoire de Master. Ce travail témoigne de sa confiance et de son soutien dans les moments les plus difficiles. Qu’elle trouve ici l’expression de ma reconnaissance et de mon respect . Je remercie Monsieur, NoureddineGherrafProfesseur à l’université d’oum el bouaghi D'avoir assuré la présidence du jury de ma soutenance et pour ses nombreux conseils et suggestions scientifiques et techniques. Je remercie Monsieur, Zellagui Amar,Professeur à l’université d’oum el bouaghi pour les laboratoires de recherche scientifiques. Je remercie Mme, DAMMANDABIH, docteur à l’université d’oum el bouaghi pour leurs efforts moraux qui nous ont donné la force d'atteindre la fin de cet humble travail et Je remercie Mme Professeur SID Assia pour avoir accepté d'examiner ce Travail. Je remercie les doctorantes, MmeWidad, Mme Ahlam, Mme Meryem pour sa disponibilité, ses pertinents conseils et de m’avoir guidé durant la préparation de partie pratique de mon mémoire de Master Je remercie les médecins dentistes, docteur BASSMA,docteurMERYEM ,la pharmacienne docteur yassmin Je remercie tous ceux et celles qui m’ont marqué par leur soutien et encouragements et je leur exprime mon respect et ma profonde sympathie : tous les membres de notre laboratoire et tous les collègues de ma promotion. Aux personnels du laboratoire de l'université L’Arbi Ben M’hidi pour leur aide, en particulier Mme Sonya, Mme Djouhra, Mr Salem, Mr Azzeddine,MrLahssen Enfin nous remercions toute personne qui a participé de près ou de loi, directement ou indirectement à la réalisation de ce travail. Merci à tous… Liste des figures Partie I - Chapitre I Figure 01 : Acide gallique 4-hydroxybenzoates .................................................................. 8 Figure 2 : Structure de base des acides benzoїque et cinnamique ...................................... 8 Figure 03 : Structure de base des flavonol(Quercétine) .................................................... 10 Figure 4 : Exemple d'alcaloïde la morphine ...................................................................... 14 Figure 5 : Structure de l’unité isoprène .............................................................................. 15 Partie I - Chapitre II Figure 1 : L’O2, à l’origine des radicaux libres ................................................................. 22 Figure 2 : Classification des systèmes antioxydants ......................................................... 24 Figure 3 : acide L-ascorbique ............................................................................................ 25 Figure 4 : Quercétine, un flavonol. .................................................................................... 26 Partie I - Chapitre III Figure 1 : Plantes médicinales, source potentielle de revenus extérieurs .......................... 36 Figure 2 : Représentation schématique et photo de la Menthe pulegium........................... 38 Figure 3 : Thymelaeahirsuta (Linné) Endlicher (Photos originales). ................................. 42 Figure 4 : Représentation schématique et photo de la Thymelaeahirsuta ......................... 44 Partie II - Matérielles et Méthode Figure 1 : Menthapulegium ................................................................................................. 54 Figure 2 : Thymelaeahirsuta ............................................................................................... 54 Figure 3 : Menthapulegium après le séchage ...................................................................... 55 Figure 4 : Thymelaeahirsutaaprès le séchage ..................................................................... 55 Figure 5 : les Extraits bruts de Menthapulegium ................................................................ 59 Figure 6 : les extraits bruts de Thymelaeahirsuta ............................................................... 59 Figure 7 : Protocole pour extraction des composées phénoliques ..................................... 60 Figure 8 : La coloration vert-noir confirme La présence des tanins condensés ................. 62 Figure 9 : La coloration bleu -noir confirme La présence des tanins condensés ............... 62 Figure 10 : Détection de saponine Dans l’extrait de Thymelaeahirsuta ............................ 63 Figure 11 : Détection de saponinedans l’extrait de Menthapulegium ................................ 63 Figure 12 : Etapes du dosage des polyphénols totaux ........................................................ 66 Figure 13 : Etape du dosage des flavonoïdes ..................................................................... 67 Partie II - Activités Biologique Figure 1 : Mécanisme réactionnel de test DPPH ............................................................... 70 Figure 2 : Souches provenant du laboratoire de bactériologie ......................................... 72 Figure 3 : Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC 25923) ............................................................. 73 Figure 4 : Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) ....................................................................... 73 Figure 5 : Pseudomonas aeruginosa(ATCC27853) ........................................................... 74 Figure 6 : CandidaAlbicans ................................................................................................ 74 Figure 7 : Parois des Bactéries à Gram + et Gram - ........................................................... 75 Figure 8 : Protocol pour faire un frotti ............................................................................... 78 Figure 9 : Protocole de coloration de gram ....................................................................... 79 Figure 10 : des Cocci à gram positif ................................................................................... 80 Figure 11 : des Bacile a gramme négatif ........................................................................... 80 Figure 12 : des Cocci à gram négatif .................................................................................. 81 Figure 13 : Condida Alibicans ............................................................................................ 81 Figure 14 : Les milieux de culture ...................................................................................... 82 Figure 15 : Série des concentrations différents des extraits dissouts dans le (DMSO) ...... 82 Figure 16 : Technique d’ensemencement des souches (ATCC) dans l’eau physiologie comparant avec McFarland ................................................................................................. 83 Figure 17 : Technique d’ensemencement dans les boites de Pétrie .................................. 84 Figure 18 : Protocole de détermination de la zone d’inhibition en milieu solide............... 85 Partie III - Résultat et discutions Figure 1 : Rendement d’extraction de la plante d’Menthapulegium L .............................. 89 Figure 2 : Rendement d’extraction de la plante de ThymelaeahirsutaEndel ...................... 90 Figure 3 : Rendements des extraits méthanoliques de Menthapulegium L ........................ 91 Figure 4 : Rendements des extraits méthanoliques de Thymelaeahirsuta Endel ................ 92 Figure 5 : Rendement en polyphénols de Menthapulegium L ........................................... 94 Figure 6 : Rendement
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