DOCSLIB.ORG

Self Psychology and Women's Self Esteem

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Self Psychology and Women's Self Esteem 1111 i, 1,1 , I ~ ~' 1, I I , ". ~,I;~;~;~l 1 k '. A. 1 (I tA( A 1 J II Ai II ;, çt A. I I LI - ILA A IL IL tEL' II A 'I 1I(A 1 A AA Il 1 Ij A Wig; 1 ,l1IA_AAA11I,i ii ~ I : I, II I ~, ~ ~ I ~ ~ I ~ ; ~ , ~ .. I " . , k I !!I .~ ,~ t , ; ~, , , ! ~~;~:~ - j : ,~ ~ ~ I I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I I A I I l A Al AIAA i Ab A A A)A I AHA A A l A I L i9 I, l A A l I 1A1 1I I • I H 1.,Ii H i I lA:Aihi AIAA'. lA A l IL A' H 'I' ' I , IA , 11 ' A, I'"'',IA , II lA r::I I III,,, ,'A A l II" I A " L IA AH , I I'I I A* 1 I A IH,AAII A A I I I A A A A A A A A A I I I I A I I A A A A A I A A A1 A A A A I, 1 1 1 A I I I I I A 1 i11 A I A 1 A 1 A I 1' A AA 1A A I I ' I A I 1 A A IA A 1 1 A1 I Al A A I A I I I A'' I A A A I A A II All All1 A A IA 1 t 'IiA II A A A I 1A A A AA 1 A A A1A I I A AA I A AH A A 1 A A 1 A 1 11 I I l A A , A A AI I All A A AII A11 A Al F A I H A111 A { A A IH1 All 1 I A 1A II H A A A A l I A IA I A A A A I I I A A A A A A A A A I I 1A I A11 A Il A II A A A A I Al A A A, 1 A A Al A A I I AA A A A I A A A I I A A A A I I I A I I I A A I j A I I A A A II A I 1l A A 1 1 AA Al A All A \A II A I A I A I I I A A I L I j I I I I 1A l Al A I I I A l II A 1 I 1 111 AII A IA A Al A1111A1 A 1 I 111 1 I A 1 1 I A I A 1 A Ill A 'I ' A l l III 1. 1 A 1 A I A çAi I I A I I A l A I Al ,I i1 A A I A A A I) A A A I l I A I , I I A , ~ , I I '. A A 1 I IA ,. ~ ~~.: I I ~ I , 1, I , ~ A A 1 l I A A A A l A I I A II I A l A1 A A ' , A A1 A I I , A A ' A I, A, Ill Al 1 111 1 AA, , . , I ~ , ~ A . A' , ' A' ' ' I ,r' A 'A ' '. 1' : ,A 1 I,AA IIII I t A , A A Al I I , ~ , I I A I ~ I I , , ~, , ~ , , ~ ~ I , , I I I I I A I I A1 A IA 1 I A I I A ,AAAII I I A I A IA A I A III I Al I A I I A A I ll Al I Al I 1 111 A A A' A Ill ~i -' -- ~' , A A I r' A I I A A IA A I 1F A A A I A Al A I I II IAl II I I II A I I A , A A A A I I I A I A I I I A A A A A A 1 A II A A Al I A A A I II Al I I A I i' I II I All I A A l I 1 1 (1 A A A A A 1 1 A A' Al A I A Ill A A A I 1 11 ,1 11 11 I II) A 1 ' Al 1 1 A A IlAl A A A I I 1j A A I 111 I A I A I A I I ' A A I A A I I , , II A I IA I I Al A l A I II A '1 I Al 1 'AlA 11 Al , I III II I A 1,1,11 IA l I II II A ,1 I' , F ' I ,IA ',, l A '''A 11,1 ' , , A.'' , ' l• '' .,,I, Al A , II' I ,A,l,., ' , I I I , , A I A A 1,1 I A I I A I I 'A 1 A Al II A A I I, I IA I l IA I A I A II I I' A I:, I A A'' AJ ,i II ,II, I I 'II' A,' ' " . A ' ',I ' IA I A A ' ' 'I II , I , 1 I A l A ' "I , , , , 'A ' '1 ''1H''" ,,,, , I 'A , , , 'A . I F I I I I A I I I A I II II I A I II III I 1 1 Al I A H 11 III II I l I III I l I I I A III ,,l 'H1A 1 I( I H I I ' A I I 1 A I I 11 1 II I , , , I I IA I I I 'I A 1 l AIll Al I A l A I H1 Ill II I l A 1A A I A1 ' 1 A , H I ll II I A ' '1, A 1' il, A"A,I I'',' ' - I (i,',I'H',l , , 'A l' , ': ' I,,,i I F,,I l I A HI 1 1,1 11,,I1' 1A, II' II, 1'. III IIIAA.I,I HAl, 1 11I1 ,1,A . 'A J " I' ,',,',I'''.'A' , , , I IH , ,, , , I I 1 I I 1 I I,', A I II A I ll I A I A I I I I' I I II AAI I Al 1i,l I 11IA I1IA A II 'IA I AA1Iy!I i"', II 1 1 AIll A 1 A1 IA A II II I A A H 11 I I I , l I A I II lIH I I A A I I IA I I Al II I 111,1 AA I I IA IA A 'I l ' I III A l( I I I ' Al I A I A I I II A IA I I I H I I 1,1 1,1 A A , 11 I I Al II I I I I I, I I I I I A Al II II 11,1 A SOCIETY FOR* C1.CA1 t SOCIAL WORK SELF PSYCHOLOGY and WOMEN'S SELF ESTEEM A Project Demonstrating Excellence submitted to the California institute for Clinical Social Work in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Social Work by TANYA JOY ENCHEFF MORADIANS June 1981 INSTITUTE FOR CLINICAL SOCIAL WORK We hereby approve the Project Demonstrating Excellence SELF PSYCHOLOGY AND WOMEN'S SELF-ESTEEM by Tanya Joy EncheffMoradians candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Social Work Signed: Mentor, Rebecc D J Ph.D. Qca Q Animateur, __eatriceA.Sotmers,Ph.D. Doctoral Committee: External Member, Frances Brown M.S.W. Date: June, 1981 U(-I"1, Copyright by Tanya Joy Encheff Moradians 1981 All rights reserved 11 ACKNOtAILE DGEMENTS I should like to express my deep gratitude to my mentor, Rebecca Jacobson, Ph.D., who served as principal consultant to this project. Without her guidance, encouragement, and intellectual challenge, r could not have completed this work. Thanks and appreciation are extended to Bea Somers, Ph.D., who served in a dual capacity as my colloquium animateur and then as a member of my committee. Her special perspective on the material was extremely helpful as was her continuing encouragement throughout the project. I would like to give special thanks to Frances Brown, M.S.W., who served on my committee as the External member. She worked far beyond the call of duty to help me edit my material. Special thanks and appreciation are extended to Samoan Barish, D.S.W. who was extremely helpful at the start of and during the beginning stages of this project. I should like to express my warm appreciation to Charlotte Robertson,M.D., for serving as my Outside member on my committee for approval of the prospectus. Her comments and suggestions were invaluable to me for proceeding with this project. My deep appreciation goes to my peers and members of the Research Seminar, Mae Denton-Lewis, M.S.W., Elinor D. Grayor, M.S.W., and Elaine Leader, N.SJL, who shared their thinking, posed questions, issued challenges, and generously provided continuing support and encouragement throughout all the phases of the writing process. Finally, r am especially grateful to my family for their loving consideration and patience during the months I devoted to this endeavor. Tanya Joy Moradians Encino, California June, 1981 111 THIS PROJECT IS DEDICATED TO MY FAMILY To the Memory of fly Father: Eli Encheff To My Mother Janet Encheff To My Sister Irene Ohanian To My Nieces Nancy and Priscilla Ohanian To My Nephews Mark and Dean Ohanian To My Great Nephew: Kenneth Ohanian tv CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS DEDICATION ...............................iv ABSTRACT .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Correspondence Between Sigmund Freud and CG Jung
    PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/28566 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-09-27 and may be subject to change. Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology, Vol. 28, No. 1, January 1997 NARCISSISM, MIMESIS AND PSYCHOSIS: THE FREUD-JUNG DEBATE REVISITED1 PHILIPPE VAN HAUTE 1. Introduction Do you regard sexuality as the mother of all feelings? Isn’t sexuality for you merely one component of the personality (albeit the most important), and isn’t the sexual complex therefore the most important and most frequent component in the clinical picture of hysteria? Are there not hysterical symptoms which, though co-determined by the sexual complex, are predominantly conditioned by a sublimation or by a non-sexual complex (profession, job, etc.)? (Letter 39J)2' Jung's cautious question to Freud in a certain sense reformulates the stake of their longstanding dialogue such as it takes shape in exemplary manner in their correspondence: how sexual is the libido? Can you sustain your (Freud’s) constantly reaffirmed commitment to the sexual character of the libido? Nevertheless, in contrast with what the passage just cited might lead one to suspect, the stake of the discussions between Freud and Jung was not the sexual aetiology of the neuroses so much as that of the psychoses. In this connection, Jung was for Freud a privileged if not dreamed-of discussion partner. Jung not only provided the clinical experience that Freud lacked in the field of the psychoses, but at the same time brought him and psycho­ analysis into contact with and made them acceptable to, the official German psychiatry of the day.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ego Ideal, the Grandiose Self, and Ardent Love
    THEORY II: BEYOND WISH AND DEFENSE THE EGO IDEAL, THE GRANDIOSE SELF, AND ARDENT LOVE Aim: The purpose of this class is to introduce the student to the radical revision of psychoanalytic theory inherent in the propositions contained in the essay "On Narcissism." The introduction of two new psychical agencies, the conscience and the ego ideal, the normalization of narcissism as an epigenetic fore-runner of object relations, and the concept of an ideal self formed by identifications with the ego ideal will be explored as they manifest themselves in ardent love and the clinical manifestations of the grandiose self. Reading: Freud S (1914): On Narcissism: An Introduction. SE 14:73-102. Optional Reich A: A contribution to the psychoanalysis of extreme submissiveness in women. Psychoanal Quart, 1940; 9:470-480 Reich A: Pathologic forms of self-esteem regulation. Psychoanal Study Child, 1960; 15: 215-232. Parkin A: On sexual enthrallment. J. Amer. Psychoanal. Assn., 1964; 12: 336-356 Sandler J, et al.: The ego ideal and the ideal self. Psychoanal Study Child, 1963;18:139-158 He yields his life if I'll Yum-Yum surrender. Now I adore that girl with passion tender, And could not yield her with a ready will, Or her allot, if I did not Adore myself with passion tenderer still - W.S. Gilbert In 1914 Freud created a total, revolutionary, revision of his theory. He took the Leonardo model and normalized it. The finding of an object along the path of narcissism was now no longer a secondary phenomenon, occurring in a few select individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • Jung: Narcissism Is Healthy and Sometimes, Genius
    Review Article Jung: Narcissism is Healthy and Current Research Sometimes, Genius in Psychology and Sam Vaknin* Visiting Professor of Psychology, Southern Federal University, Russia Behavioral Science Abstract (CRPBS) The concept of the Knowledge Economy was initially presented by the OECD in 1996 to name the set of industrialized countries in which knowledge was recognized as the key factor in economic growth. It is defined as the new economy linked to the Internet and whose foundations are the creation, dissemination and use of knowledge. The education index is one of the four indicators of the knowledge economy index and includes the number of years the population has spent in school, Volume 1 Issue 2, 2020 as well as current enrollment. The objective of this research is to calculate the education index as part of the knowledge economy index of each state of the Mexican Republic to identify the regions with areas of opportunity for the development Article Information of sustainable government projects that allow the inclusion and transformation of the community in an information society Received date: May 20, 2020 in the short and medium term. Using the System for the Census Information Service (SCINCE) of the National Institute of Published date: June 11, 2020 Statistics and Geography of Mexico, low levels were found in various regions of the country, as well as marked inequality between the states, concentrating low rates of education and access to ICT in some regions, historically lagging behind in development. *Corresponding author Sam Vaknin, Visiting Professor of Freud and Object Relations Theorists Psychology, Southern Federal University, The narcissist’s True Self has relegated its functions to the outside world but is not in touch with the outside world: it is only Rostov-on-Don, and Professor of the False Self is in touch with it instead.
    [Show full text]
  • Celebrating 100 Years of Freud's on Narcissism
    LSE Review of Books Sex and Psychopaths Celebrating 100 years of Freud’s On Narcissism Sex and Psychopaths Celebrating 100 years of Freud’s On Narcissism This e-book will look at how we can understand the apparent growth in narcissism and withdrawals from intimacy in a digital age. From the impact of Facebook and online porn on sex, to whether we’re losing the capacity to be close to the people we work with. Join us to explore whether we’re all turning into narcissists or whether we can do something to salvage intimacy with other people. This e-book is released to coincide with the LSE Review of Books event of the same name at the LSE Literary Festival 2014. Speakers include Marianna Fotaki, Professor of Business Ethics at Warwick Business School; Yiannis Gabriel, Professor of Organizational Theory at the University of Bath; Steve Fuller, Auguste Comte Professor of Social Epistemology in the Department of Sociology at the University of Warwick; David Morgan, a Fellow of the British Psychoanalytical Society; and Elizabeth Cotton, the founding director of The Resilience Space and the Surviving Work Library. A podcast of the event will be available in the days after the event. The LSE’s 6th Annual Literary Festival will explore the distinctive qualities of the social sciences' and the arts' approaches to understanding the world around us with a programme of talks, readings, panel discussions and film screenings, as well as creative writing workshops and children’s events. The Festival runs from 24th February to 1st March 2014, under the theme ‘Reflections’.
    [Show full text]
  • Origins of Narcissism in Children
    Origins of narcissism in children Eddie Brummelmana,b,1, Sander Thomaesb,c, Stefanie A. Nelemansd, Bram Orobio de Castrob, Geertjan Overbeeka, and Brad J. Bushmane,f aResearch Institute of Child Development and Education, Department of Educational Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1001 NG, The Netherlands; bDepartment of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CS, The Netherlands; cCenter for Research on Self and Identity, Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, England; dResearch Centre Adolescent Development, Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CS, The Netherlands; eDepartment of Communication and Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1339; and fDepartment of Communication Science, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands Edited by Susan T. Fiske, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, and approved February 12, 2015 (received for review November 7, 2014) Narcissism levels have been increasing among Western youth, and (9) and “are under a compulsion to ascribe every perfection to contribute to societal problems such as aggression and violence. the child—which sober observation would find no occasion to The origins of narcissism, however, are not well understood. Here, do” (10). Consequently, children might internalize the belief that we report, to our knowledge, the first prospective longitudinal they are special individuals who are entitled to privileges. In evidence on the origins of narcissism in children. We compared contrast, psychoanalytic theory holds that children are likely to two perspectives: social learning theory (positing that narcissism is grow up to be narcissistic when their parents lack warmth toward cultivated by parental overvaluation) and psychoanalytic theory them (11, 12).
    [Show full text]
  • Narcissism, the Big Five Personality Traits, and Achievement Goal Orientation
    International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education 2012, Volume 24, Number 1, 76-88 http://www.isetl.org/ijtlhe/ ISSN 1812-9129 Educating the Disagreeable Extravert: Narcissism, the Big Five Personality Traits, and Achievement Goal Orientation Joan Monahan Watson Virginia Tech Despite the fact that longitudinal data have been compiled over the past 30 years among undergraduate students in higher education settings regarding narcissism, the literature is devoid of empirical investigations that explore the relationships between narcissism and learning. Because the data suggest that narcissism scores are increasing each year among this population, an exploration of the relationship between narcissism and learning is timely and warranted. Sampling from university undergraduate students, this study uses the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, the Big Five Inventory, and the Achievement Goal Questionnaire to verify the known relationships between narcissism and the Big Five personality traits of extraversion and agreeableness; to verify the known relationships between the Big Five personality traits of extraversion and agreeableness and goal orientation; and to explore a previously undocumented empirical relationship between narcissism and performance goal orientation. Results of this exploratory study indicate that while narcissism does contribute to a performance goal orientation, it is not a substantial variable in determining achievement goal orientation in general. The study addresses the implications and limitations of this research in addition to areas for additional investigation. When considering those variables that impact contributes to the ambiguity of its definition and its student learning, it is often easy to overlook or empirical illusiveness. Beginning with Ellis’ otherwise discount the significance of individual (1898/2010) description of “Narcissus-like” behavior to personality and its role in the learning process.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinician Emotional Response Toward Narcissistic Patients: a Preliminary Report
    Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome © 2015 Italian Area Group of the Society for Psychotherapy Research 2015, Vol. 18, No. 1, 1–9 ISSN 2239-8031 DOI: 10.7411/RP.2014.023 Clinician Emotional Response Toward Narcissistic Patients: A Preliminary Report Annalisa Tanzilli1, Antonello Colli2, Laura Muzi1 & Vittorio Lingiardi1 Abstract. Patients with narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) are among the most dif- ficult to treat in therapy, especially due to their strong resistance to treatment and other difficulties in establishing a therapeutic relationship characterized by intimacy, safety, and trust. In particular, therapists‖ emotional responses to these patients can be particu- larly intense and frustrating, as often reported in the clinical literature; however, they have rarely been investigated empirically. The aims of this preliminary study were 1) to examine the associations between patients‖ NPD and therapists‖ distinct countertrans- ference patterns, and 2) to verify whether these clinicians‖ emotional reactions were in- fluenced by theoretical orientation, gender, and age. A national sample of psychiatrists and clinical psychologists (N = 250) completed the Therapist Response Questionnaire (TRQ) to identify patterns of therapist emotional response, and the Shedler-Westen As- sessment Procedure-200 (SWAP-200) to assess personality disorder and level of psycho- logical functioning in patients currently in their care with whom they had worked for a minimum of eight sessions and a maximum of six months (one session per week). From the whole therapist sample, we identified a subgroup (N = 35) of patients with NPD. Re- sults showed that NPD was positively associated with criticized/mistreated and disen- gaged countertransference, and negatively associated with positive therapist response.
    [Show full text]
  • Narcissism, Ego, and Self: Kohut – a Key Figure in Transpersonal Psychology
    NARCISSISM, EGO, AND SELF: KOHUT – A KEY FIGURE IN TRANSPERSONAL PSYCHOLOGY Timothy Schipke, LMFT, Ph.D. Candidate San Francisco, CA ABSTRACT: Heinz Kohut is a key figure for transpersonal psychology. Learning from the treatment of patients who suffered from pathological narcissism in his psychotherapy practice, Kohut developed a theoretical model of the self in which the development of a bi-polar self supplants drive conflict as the basis of psychoanalytic theory and practice. Like Freud, Kohut believed that measured narcissism is inherently healthy and basic to human psychology. Like Jung, Kohut believed that the self, rather than the ego, is primary to human psychology and that egoistic narcissism can be transcended later in life during the normal developmental process, through what he called ‘‘cosmic narcissism.’’ Although he does not consider Kohut directly, Ferrer believes that spirituality can take on a pathological narcissistic form. Kohut’s ideas have the potential to bridge psychoanalytic, analytical and transpersonal theories and may assist in bringing about a more complete understanding of the ego, the self and narcissism. KEYWORDS: Kohut, narcissism, spiritual narcissism, narcissistic personality disorder, self, self- psychology, cosmic narcissism, transpersonal psychology, the participatory approach Pathological narcissism is endemic to our times. Whether preoccupation with the self is a cause or effect of narcissism, narcissistic character traits have become culturally and individually widespread. This fact is confirmed by recent psychological meta-studies (Twenge, Konrath, Foster, Campbell, & Bushman, 2008). Despite the potentially toxic effects of unrestrained narcissism, balanced, healthy narcissism is necessary to psychological health, according to both Freud and Kohut (Freud, 1914/2012; Kohut, 1966).
    [Show full text]
  • Narcissism and Leadership: a Meta-Analysis of Linear and Nonlinear Relationships
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship Repository NARCISSISM AND LEADERSHIP: A META-ANALYSIS OF LINEAR AND NONLINEAR RELATIONSHIPS BY EMILY J. GRIJALVA DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2013 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Daniel A. Newman Professor Fritz Drasgow Professor Brent W. Roberts Professor James Rounds Assistant Professor P. D. Harms, University of Nebraska at Lincoln i ABSTRACT Past empirical studies relating Narcissism to leadership have offered mixed results. The present study meta-analytically integrates prior research findings to make four contributions to theory on Narcissism and leadership, by: (a) distinguishing between leadership emergence and leadership effectiveness, to reveal that Narcissism displays a positive relationship with leadership emergence, but no relationship with leadership effectiveness, (b) showing Narcissism’s positive effect on leadership emergence can be explained by leader Extraversion, (c) demonstrating that self-reported leadership effectiveness ratings are positively related to Narcissism, whereas observer-reported leadership effectiveness ratings (e.g., supervisor-report, subordinate-report, and peer-report) are not related to Narcissism, and (d) illustrating that the nil linear relationship
    [Show full text]
  • Turning Points and Critical Issues, Volume 13 : Freud's on Narcissism
    PART ONE On Narcissism: An Introduction (191 4) SIGMUND FREUD ON NARCISSISM: AN %NTRODUCTHON X THEterm narcissism is derived from clinical description and was chosen by Paul Naclcel in 1899 to denote the attitude of a person who treats his own body in the same way in which the body of a sexual object is ordinarily treated-who loolts at it, that is to say, strokes it and fondles it till he obtains complete satisfaction through these activities. Developed to this degree, narcissism has the significance of a perversion that has absorbed the whole of the subject’s sexual life, and it will consequently exhibit the characteristics which we expect to meet with in the study of all perversions. Psycho-analytic observers were subsequently struck by the fact that individual features of the narcissistic attitude are found in many people who suffer from other disorders-for in- stance, as Sadger has pointed out, in homosexuals-and finally it seemed probable that an allocation of the libido such as deserved to be described as narcissism might be present far more extensively, and that it might claim a place in the regular course of human sexual deve1opment.a Difficulties in psycho-analytic work upon neurotics led to the same supposition, for it seemed as though this kind of narcissistic attitude in them constituted one of the limits to their susceptibility to influence. Narcissism in this sense would not be a perversion, but the libidinal [In a footnote added by Freud in 1920 to his Three Essays (lWM, Sfudurd Ed, 7, 218 n.) he said that he was wrong in stating in the present paper that the term ‘narcissism’ was introduced’by Nticke and that he should have attributed it to Havelock Ellis.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mirror and the Mask—On Narcissism and Psychoanalytic Growth1 Philip M
    (1983) Contemp. Psychoanal., 19:359-387 The Mirror and the Mask—On Narcissism and Psychoanalytic Growth1 Philip M. Bromberg, Ph.D. Introduction TRYING TO EXTRACT SOME COHERENT view of narcissism from the ongoing controversy in the current psychoanalytic literature is somewhat like trying to chill Russian vodka by adding ice cubes; it is possible to do it, but the soul of the experience is diluted. Levenson's (1978, p. 16) suggestion that "it may not be the truth arrived at as much as the manner of arriving at the truth which is the essence of therapy", leads me to wonder if it may likewise be said that it is not the definition of narcissism arrived at as much as the struggle to arrive at one, which is the essence of recent progress in psychoanalytic thought. The struggle contains within it, an emerging shift in perspective that has begun to influence our conceptions of clinical diagnosis, the nature of human development, psychoanalytic metatheory, and the parameters of psychoanalytic treatment itself. During the past two decades there has been a gradual but consistent movement of the mainstream of psychoanalysis in the direction of field theory, and toward the interpersonal context as the medium of both normal maturation and therapeutic change (See Bromberg, 1979a). This has brought the developmental models of psychopathology and analytic technique into closer harmony than ever before, and has focused attention on the growth of "self" as inseparable from the interrelationship of "self and other", whether in the parental environment or
    [Show full text]
  • Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak ISTARTED to THINK
    Echo GayatriChakravorty Spivak ISTARTED TO THINK specificallyabout Narcissus when I came across Christopher Lasch's The Cultureof Narcissism.'The book seemed such an attackon the few social gains made by feminism. Yet Narcissus was a boy! What seemed particularlyunjust was the description of the young executive as "the happy hooker." (The word Yuppiehad not yet come into the common language.) Pros- titutes, however, were already organizing precisely because their class-positionwas rather differentfrom that of young executives.2 I turned to Freud and found that he too had located the richest examples of narcissismamong women, especially women unfulfilled by the secondary narcissismof motherhood. Where was Echo, the woman in Narcissus's story?My essay is an attemptto "give woman" to Echo, to deconstruct her out of traditional and deconstructive representationand (non)representation,however imperfectly. There is a curious moment,peculiarly susceptible to racistmisuse, in Freud's "On Narcissism: An Introduction": "We have learned that libidinal instinctualinferences undergo the vicissitudesof path- ogenic repressionif theycome into conflictwith the subject'scultural and ethical ideas. What he projects before him as his ideal is the Ersatz of the lost narcissismof his childhood, in which he was his own ideal. The ego ideal . has a social side; it is also the common ideal of a family,a class or a nation."3 It is certainly at least implied here that the felicitousemergence of the superego happens because there is somethingother than mere conflictbetween cultural and ethical ideas and the libidinal instinctualinferences. The full-blownversion of this particulartheme-of non-European cultures being stuck in varieties of narcissismand its vicissitudes-- is not uncommon.
    [Show full text]