Leonardo Rodrigo Kerber Tumeleiro

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UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL INSTITUTO DE GEOCIÊNCIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOCIÊNCIAS OS ROEDORES CAVIOMORPHA (MAMMALIA, RODENTIA, HYSTRICOGNATHI) DO PLEISTOCENO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL LEONARDO RODRIGO KERBER TUMELEIRO ORIENTADORA: Profª Dra. Ana Maria Ribeiro Porto Alegre – 2011 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL INSTITUTO DE GEOCIÊNCIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOCIÊNCIAS OS ROEDORES CAVIOMORPHA (MAMMALIA, RODENTIA, HYSTRICOGNATHI) DO PLEISTOCENO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL LEONARDO RODRIGO KERBER TUMELEIRO ORIENTADORA: Profª Dra. Ana Maria Ribeiro BANCA EXAMINADORA Profª. Dra. Patrícia Hadler Rodrigues – Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Prof. Dr. Francisco Ricardo Negri – Universidade Federal do Acre, Brasil Prof. Dr. Martín Ubilla – Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica, Uruguai Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Geociências. Porto Alegre – 2011 Tumeleiro, Leonardo Rodrigo Kerber Os roedores Caviomorpha (Mammalia, Rodentia, Hystricognathi) do Pleistoceno do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. / Leonardo Rodrigo Kerber Tumeleiro. - Porto Alegre: IGEO/UFRGS, 2011. [196 f.] il. Dissertação (Mestrado). - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Instituto de Geociências. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências. Porto Alegre, RS - BR, 2011. Orientação: Profª Dra. Ana Maria Ribeiro 1. Paleozoogeografia. 2. Paleoambientes. 3. Roedores. 4. Caviomorpha. 5. Pleistoceno. 6. Rio Grande do Sul. I. Título. _____________________________ Catalogação na Publicação Biblioteca Geociências - UFRGS Renata Cristina Grun CRB 10/1113 “[...] La Paleontología no es, como piensan algunas personas, una ciencia restringida meramente a la tarea de catalogar, ordenar y describir los restos orgánicos conservados en los terrenos que forman la corteza terrestre, ni a la simple restauración de las características de los animales o plantas a que esos restos pertenecieron. Su campo de acción comprende dos derivaciones extraordinariamente más importantes y filosóficas, una relacionada con la historia de la vida y la otra con la historia de la Tierra [...] la paleontología no es, pues, una ciencia simplemente estática; es también, y sobre todo, una ciencia cinemática y dinámica [...]” Lucas Kraglievich, 1940, pg. 156). AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (PPGGEO UFRGS); e à Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul (FZBRS), pela infraestrutura disponibilizada. Ao CNPq por ter financiado este trabalho através da bolsa de mestrado e projetos Universal 474485/2008-0 e PROSUL 490299/2008-3. Aos curadores e pesquisadores das coleções pelo acesso aos materiais sob sua supervisão: José Solovyi (MHD), Márcia Jardim e Daniela Sanfelice (MCN/FZBRS), Maria Guiomar Vucetich, Cecília Deschamps, Itatí Olivares e Diego Verzi (MLP). À minha orientadora Dra. Ana Maria Ribeiro, pela oportunidade de estudar sob sua supervisão e pelas responsabilidades assumidas. Aos meus familiares, especialmente minha mãe, por todos os incentivos. À Marilia Maldonado Vieira pelo companheirismo, apoio, compreensão e sinceridade durante os últimos anos em todos os momentos. Aos professores do PPGGEO UFRGS, especialmente ao Dr. Cesar L. Schultz. Ao amigo profº. Dr. Édison V. Oliveira, pelos ensinamentos e pelo incentivo ao ingresso no curso de pós-graduação. Aos professores do Curso de Ciências Biológicas da PUCRS/Uruguaiana, principalmente Enrique Querol, Édison V. Oliveira e Joceléia Koenneman; colegas da turma 2008/2, e aos amigos Débora Braga, Eduardo Castillo, Mariane Teixeira, Maurício Ávilla, e Roberto Vieira da Silva, pela força e incentivo. Ao profº Dr. Jorge Ferigolo por ter compartilhado sua experiência. Aos colegas da Seção de Paleontologia da FZBRS: Annie Schmaltz Hsiou, Elizete C. Holanda, David da Silva, Marco Aurélio Gallo de França, Patrícia Braunn, Paulo Victor de Oliveira, Rodrigo Carrilho, Ricardo Bertoni, Sabrina Negrão e Vanessa G. Pitana. Aos colegas pesquisadores do Projeto PROSUL: Aldo R. Prieto, Andrés Rinderknecht, Ana Maria Ribeiro, Andrea Corona, Andréia C. P. Evalt, Átila Augusto Stock da Rosa, Brenda Ferrero, César Goso, Daniel Perea, Esteban Soibelzon, Jorge I. Noriega, Leopoldo Soibelzon, Martín Ubilla, Soraia Bauermann, Vanessa G. Pitana, e “Seu Sérgio” o “piloto oficial” das expedições; por terem compartilhado a experiência e o conhecimento durante os trabalhos de campo realizados no oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Uruguai e Argentina. Aos colegas de mestrado da turma 2009/1. Ao profº Dr. Átila Augusto Stock da Rosa, pelos ensinamentos sobre geologia. Aos Drs. Álvaro Mones, Cecília Deschamps, Diego Verzi e Maria E. Pérez, pelas bibliografias disponibilizadas. Ao colega Renato P. Lopes pelas fotografias do Balneário Hermenegildo. Aos colegas Renato P. Lopes e Jamil Pereira pela oportunidade do estudo em conjunto do material de Dolichotinae e Lagostomus. Aos colegas Annie S. Hsiou, David da Silva, Elizete Holanda e Marcel B. Santos que contribuíram com leitura critica dos textos aqui apresentados. À Maria Guiomar Vucetich e Cecília Deschamps pelas discussões sobre roedores em La Plata. Ao Sr. Ricardo Duarte e a Sra. Nilza Dornelles (Cabanha Touro Passo) pelas recepções durante os trabalhos de campo no Arroio Touro Passo, sem as quais o trabalho seria duplamente dificultoso. A Leopoldo Soibelzon e família por me receber em sua casa em La Plata. À Dra. Maria E. Pérez pelas informações não publicadas sobre a homologia das cristas mandibulares de Cavioidea. Ao Sr. Luiz Rota, que nos cedeu o material de Myocastor e Hydrochoerus do Balneário Hermenegildo. Finalmente, aos revisores dos periódicos: C. Deschamps, A. Rinderknecht, M. G. Vucetich e M. M. Ballesteros pelos seus comentários que enriqueceram os manuscritos. RESUMO Os roedores Hystricognathi da América do Sul formam um grupo monofilético, os Caviomorpha. Estes roedores provavelmente são derivados de ancestrais africanos e chegaram ao continente sul-americano em algum momento do Eoceno. Devido ao longo período de isolamento geográfico, os caviomorfos atingiram uma grande diversidade fenotípica e ecológica, com mais de 160 gêneros fósseis e viventes. Neste trabalho, é revisado o conhecimento sobre o registro fóssil deste grupo no Pleistoceno do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), sul do Brasil; descrito novo material e discutido suas implicações paleoambientais e paleobiogeográficas. Desta forma, os principais resultados são: 1 – Reporta-se pela primeira vez a ocorrência de Galea e Lagostomus cf. L. maximus no Pleistoceno final do sul do Brasil, sendo que este último táxon representa o primeiro registro de um Chinchillidae no Brasil. 2 – Descreve-se materiais de Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris; 3 – Reporta-se novos materiais de Dolichotinae e Myocastor de depósitos continentais, confirmando sua presença durante o Pleistoceno final desta região; 4 – Os caviomorfos pleistocênicos do RS apresentam afinidade paleobiogrográfica mais acentuada com a paleofauna do Uruguai; 5 – Os indicativos paleoambientais dos caviomorfos suportam modelos previamente hipotetizados de áreas abertas durante o Pleistoceno final, substituídas por vegetação florestal durante o Holoceno. 6 – Durante a transição Pleistoceno final/Holoceno, observa-se a extinção regional de táxons com afinidade às áreas abertas, como Microcavia, Galea, Dolichotinae e Lagostomus, substituídos por uma predominância de táxons de afinidade florestal durante o Holoceno. Palavras-Chave: Roedores, Caviomorpha, Caviidae, Hydrochoeridae, Chinchillidae, Myocastorinae, paleoambientes, Pleistoceno final, Rio Grande do Sul ABSTRACT The Caviomorpha (Mammalia, Rodentia, Hystricognathi) from the Pleistocene of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil The Hystricognathi rodents from South America are a monophyletic group, the Caviomorpha. These rodents are probably derived from African ancestors and they arrived in South America during the Eocene. Due to the long period of geographic isolation, the caviomorphs achieved great ecologic and phenotypic diversity, with more than 160 living and fossil genera. In this work, we revised the knowledge on the Pleistocene fossil record of caviomorphs from Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), southern Brazil; described new remains and discussed their paleobiogeographic and paleoenvironmental implications. Thus, the main results are: 1 – We reported, for the first time, the occurrence of Galea and Lagostomus cf. L. maximus in the late Pleistocene of the southern Brazil. The record of Lagostomus is the first occurrence of Chinchillidae in Brazil; 2 – We described remains of Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris. 3 – We reported new remains of Dolichotinae and Myocastor from continental deposits, confirming their presence in the late Pleistocene of this region; 4 – The RS caviomorphs show paleozoogeographic affinities with the late Pleistocene from Uruguay; 5 – The paleoenvironmental indicatives of caviomorphs corroborate the previous interpretations of open areas during the late Pleistocene substituted by forest areas in the Holocene; 6 – During the late Pleistocene/Holocene transition we observed a local extinction of taxa with open areas affinities, as Microcavia, Galea, Dolichotinae and Lagostomus, substituted by a predominance of taxa typical of forested areas during the Holocene. Key words: Rodents, Caviomorpha, Caviidae, Hydrochoeridae, Chinchillidae, Myocastorinae, paleoenvironments, late Pleistocene, Rio Grande do Sul. SUMÁRIO APRESENTAÇÃO DA ESTRUTURA DA DISSERTAÇÃO......................................10
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    AMEGHINIANA Revista de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina RESÚMENES TOMO 46 Número 4 BUENOS AIRES REPÚBLICA ARGENTINA 2009 Se deja constancia que el presente suplemento se halla desprovisto de validez para propósitos nomenclaturales Disclaimer: this supplement is not deemed to be valid for nomenclatural purposes El Comité Editor de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina deja constancia que solamente se incluyen en este Suplemento los resúmenes enviados por los organizadores de las diferentes reuniones. AMEGHINIANA 46 (4) Suplemento, 2009-RESÚMENES XXIV JORNADAS ARGENTINAS DE PALEONTOLOGÍA DE VERTEBRADOS RESÚMENES 4 al 7 de mayo de 2009 Museo de Historia Natural de San Rafael (MHNSR), San Rafael, Mendoza COMISIÓN ORGANIZADORA Presidente Marcelo S. de la Fuente (MHNSR) Secretarias Analía Forasiepi (MHNSR) Juliana Sterli (MHNSR) Vocales Miriam Ayala (MHNSR) René Biglione (DGE-Mendoza) Sergio Dieguez (CNEA) Gladys García (Universidad Champagnat) Miguel Giardina (MHNSR) Adolfo Gil (MHNSR) Gustavo Neme (MHNSR) Clara Otaola (MHNSR) Nuria Sugrañes (MHNSR) Financiado por ANPCyT, CONICET y Fondo Provincial de la Cultura de la Pcia. de Mendoza. Auspiciado por Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, Museo de Historia Natural de San Rafael y Municipalidad de San Rafael (Mendoza). AMEGHINIANA 46 (4) Sumplemento, 2009-RESÚMENES 4R CONFERENCIAS Origen de la ictiofauna marina y continental de América del Sur Austral A.L. CIONE1 La ictiofauna neotropical continental es la más rica en especies del mundo. Su mayor riqueza se localiza en las áreas intertropi- cales, un paralelo de lo que sucede con otros organismos. Se calcula que pueden existir 8.000 especies de peces continentales, un cuarto de la totalidad de los conocidos en todo el mundo en ambiente marino o continental.
  • Vizcacha” (Meyen, 1883) BASADO EN CONTEOS INDIRECTOS, EN EL ACP LOMAS DEL CERRO CAMPANA

    Biblioteca Digital - Direccion de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación - Universidad Nacional de Trujillo UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRUJILLO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS ESCUELA ACADÉMICO PROFESIONAL DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS BIOLOGICAS ESTIMACIÓN DE LA ABUNDANCIA DE Lagidium peruanum “vizcacha” (Meyen, 1883) BASADO EN CONTEOS INDIRECTOS, EN EL ACP LOMAS DEL CERRO CAMPANA. TRUJILLO, MARZO – JUNIO,CIENCIAS 2017. DE TESIS PARA OBTENER EL TÍTULO PROFESIONAL DE BIÓLOGO AUTOR: Br. VICTOR JOHN ACEDO ZEGARRA Br. DIEGO FERNANDO ARANA BARDALES ASESOR: Dr. CÉSAR AUGUSTO MEDINA TAFUR BIBLIOTECA TRUJILLO – PERU 2017 Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No comercial-Compartir bajo la misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ns-sa/2.5/pe/ . No olvide citar esta tesis. Biblioteca Digital - Direccion de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación - Universidad Nacional de Trujillo AUTORIDADES DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRUJILLO Dr. Orlando Gonzáles Nieves RECTOR BIOLOGICAS Dr. Rubén Vera Véliz VICE-RECTOR ACADÉMICO CIENCIAS DE Dr. Weyder Portocarrero Cárdenas VICE-RECTOR DE INVESTIGACION Dr. Steban Ilich Zerpa BIBLIOTECA SECRETARIO GENERAL ii Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No comercial-Compartir bajo la misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ns-sa/2.5/pe/ . No olvide citar esta tesis. Biblioteca Digital - Direccion de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación - Universidad Nacional de Trujillo AUTORIDADES DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Dr. Freddy Roger Mejia Coico DECANO BIOLOGICAS Dr. William Elmer Zelada Estraver SECRETARIO CIENCIAS DE Dr. Freddy Peláez Peláez DIRECTOR DE LA ESCUELA ACADÉMICO PROFESIONAL DE CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS.
  • The Bite Force of the Largest Fossil Rodent (Hystricognathi, Caviomorpha, Dinomyidae)

    The Bite Force of the Largest Fossil Rodent (Hystricognathi, Caviomorpha, Dinomyidae)

    The bite force of the largest fossil rodent (Hystricognathi, Caviomorpha, Dinomyidae) R. ERNESTO BLANCO, ANDRE´ S RINDERKNECHT AND GUSTAVO LECUONA Blanco R.E., Rinderknecht, A. & Lecuona, G. 2012: The bite force of the largest fossil rodent (Hystricognathi, Caviomorpha, Dinomyidae). Lethaia, Vol. 45, pp. 157–163. An exceptionally well-preserved skull of the largest fossil rodent Josephoartigasia monesi allows the first analysis of the bite mechanics of this group of South American giant rodents. In this study, we reconstructed the main anatomical features of the skull of this Pliocene rodent, relating them to the bite force at incisors. Bite force was estimated using three different techniques. Two methods suggest that bite forces at incisors of around 1000 N were possible for these mammals. However, the incisors seem to be stronger than expected for this bite force implying that the bite forces may have been greater than 3000 N. We consider three hypotheses: allometric effects, teeth digging or defence against preda- tors, to explain our results. h Bite force, Dinomyidae, incisors, largest rodent, Pliocene. R. Ernesto Blanco [ernesto@fisica.edu.uy], Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Fı´sica, Igua´ 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Andre´s Rinderknecht [[email protected]] and Gustavo Lecuona [[email protected]], Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, CC. 399, 11000, Montevideo, Uruguay; manuscript received on 14 ⁄ 10 ⁄ 2010; manuscript accepted on 04 ⁄ 02 ⁄ 2011. Dinomyids make up a family of caviomorph rodents some species (Christiansen & Wroe 2007; Meers 2002; that includes the largest rodents ever known (Bonde- Therrien 2005a,b; Vizcaı´no & De Iuliis 2003; Wroe sio 1978 and literature therein).