The Largest Fossil Rodent Andre´S Rinderknecht1 and R
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Classification of Mammals 61
© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FORCHAPTER SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Classification © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC 4 NOT FORof SALE MammalsOR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION. 2ND PAGES 9781284032093_CH04_0060.indd 60 8/28/13 12:08 PM CHAPTER 4: Classification of Mammals 61 © Jones Despite& Bartlett their Learning,remarkable success, LLC mammals are much less© Jones stress & onBartlett the taxonomic Learning, aspect LLCof mammalogy, but rather as diverse than are most invertebrate groups. This is probably an attempt to provide students with sufficient information NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FORattributable SALE OR to theirDISTRIBUTION far greater individual size, to the high on the various kinds of mammals to make the subsequent energy requirements of endothermy, and thus to the inabil- discussions of mammalian biology meaningful. -
The Asymmetry in the Great American Biotic Interchange in Mammals Is Consistent with Differential Susceptibility to Mammalian Predation
Coversheet This is the accepted manuscript (post-print version) of the article. Contentwise, the accepted manuscript version is identical to the final published version, but there may be differences in typography and layout. How to cite this publication Please cite the final published version: Faurby, S. and Svenning, J.-C. (2016), The asymmetry in the Great American Biotic Interchange in mammals is consistent with differential susceptibility to mammalian predation. Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 25: 1443–1453. doi:10.1111/geb.12504 Publication metadata Title: The asymmetry in the Great American Biotic Interchange in mammals is consistent with differential susceptibility to mammalian predation Author(s): Faurby, S. and Svenning, J.-C. Journal: Global Ecology and Biogeography DOI/Link: https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12504 Document version: Accepted manuscript (post-print) This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: [Faurby, S. and Svenning, J.-C. (2016), The asymmetry in the Great American Biotic Interchange in mammals is consistent with differential susceptibility to mammalian predation. Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 25: 1443–1453. doi:10.1111/geb.12504], which has been published in final form at [https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12504]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. General Rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognize and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. -
Michael O. Woodburne1,* Alberto L. Cione2,**, and Eduardo P. Tonni2,***
Woodburne, M.O.; Cione, A.L.; and Tonni, E.P., 2006, Central American provincialism and the 73 Great American Biotic Interchange, in Carranza-Castañeda, Óscar, and Lindsay, E.H., eds., Ad- vances in late Tertiary vertebrate paleontology in Mexico and the Great American Biotic In- terchange: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geología and Centro de Geociencias, Publicación Especial 4, p. 73–101. CENTRAL AMERICAN PROVINCIALISM AND THE GREAT AMERICAN BIOTIC INTERCHANGE Michael O. Woodburne1,* Alberto L. Cione2,**, and Eduardo P. Tonni2,*** ABSTRACT The age and phyletic context of mammals that dispersed between North and South America during the past 9 m.y. is summarized. The presence of a Central American province of cladogenesis and faunal differentiation is explored. One apparent aspect of such a province is to delay dispersals of some taxa northward from Mexico into the continental United States, largely during the Blancan. Examples are recognized among the various xenar- thrans, and cervid artiodactyls. Whereas the concept of a Central American province has been mentioned in past investigations it is upgraded here. Paratoceras (protoceratid artio- dactyl) and rhynchotheriine proboscideans provide perhaps the most compelling examples of Central American cladogenesis (late Arikareean to early Barstovian and Hemphillian to Rancholabrean, respectively), but this category includes Hemphillian sigmodontine rodents, and perhaps a variety of carnivores and ungulates from Honduras in the medial Miocene, as well as peccaries and equids from Mexico. For South America, Mexican canids and hy- drochoerid rodents may have had an earlier development in Mexico. Remarkably, the first South American immigrants to Mexico (after the Miocene heralds; the xenarthrans Plaina and Glossotherium) apparently dispersed northward at the same time as the first Holarctic taxa dispersed to South America (sigmodontine rodents and the tayassuid artiodactyls). -
71St Annual Meeting Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Paris Las Vegas Las Vegas, Nevada, USA November 2 – 5, 2011 SESSION CONCURRENT SESSION CONCURRENT
ISSN 1937-2809 online Journal of Supplement to the November 2011 Vertebrate Paleontology Vertebrate Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Society of Vertebrate 71st Annual Meeting Paleontology Society of Vertebrate Las Vegas Paris Nevada, USA Las Vegas, November 2 – 5, 2011 Program and Abstracts Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 71st Annual Meeting Program and Abstracts COMMITTEE MEETING ROOM POSTER SESSION/ CONCURRENT CONCURRENT SESSION EXHIBITS SESSION COMMITTEE MEETING ROOMS AUCTION EVENT REGISTRATION, CONCURRENT MERCHANDISE SESSION LOUNGE, EDUCATION & OUTREACH SPEAKER READY COMMITTEE MEETING POSTER SESSION ROOM ROOM SOCIETY OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS SEVENTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING PARIS LAS VEGAS HOTEL LAS VEGAS, NV, USA NOVEMBER 2–5, 2011 HOST COMMITTEE Stephen Rowland, Co-Chair; Aubrey Bonde, Co-Chair; Joshua Bonde; David Elliott; Lee Hall; Jerry Harris; Andrew Milner; Eric Roberts EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Philip Currie, President; Blaire Van Valkenburgh, Past President; Catherine Forster, Vice President; Christopher Bell, Secretary; Ted Vlamis, Treasurer; Julia Clarke, Member at Large; Kristina Curry Rogers, Member at Large; Lars Werdelin, Member at Large SYMPOSIUM CONVENORS Roger B.J. Benson, Richard J. Butler, Nadia B. Fröbisch, Hans C.E. Larsson, Mark A. Loewen, Philip D. Mannion, Jim I. Mead, Eric M. Roberts, Scott D. Sampson, Eric D. Scott, Kathleen Springer PROGRAM COMMITTEE Jonathan Bloch, Co-Chair; Anjali Goswami, Co-Chair; Jason Anderson; Paul Barrett; Brian Beatty; Kerin Claeson; Kristina Curry Rogers; Ted Daeschler; David Evans; David Fox; Nadia B. Fröbisch; Christian Kammerer; Johannes Müller; Emily Rayfield; William Sanders; Bruce Shockey; Mary Silcox; Michelle Stocker; Rebecca Terry November 2011—PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS 1 Members and Friends of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, The Host Committee cordially welcomes you to the 71st Annual Meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in Las Vegas. -
Onetouch 4.0 Scanned Documents
/ Chapter 2 THE FOSSIL RECORD OF BIRDS Storrs L. Olson Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC. I. Introduction 80 II. Archaeopteryx 85 III. Early Cretaceous Birds 87 IV. Hesperornithiformes 89 V. Ichthyornithiformes 91 VI. Other Mesozojc Birds 92 VII. Paleognathous Birds 96 A. The Problem of the Origins of Paleognathous Birds 96 B. The Fossil Record of Paleognathous Birds 104 VIII. The "Basal" Land Bird Assemblage 107 A. Opisthocomidae 109 B. Musophagidae 109 C. Cuculidae HO D. Falconidae HI E. Sagittariidae 112 F. Accipitridae 112 G. Pandionidae 114 H. Galliformes 114 1. Family Incertae Sedis Turnicidae 119 J. Columbiformes 119 K. Psittaciforines 120 L. Family Incertae Sedis Zygodactylidae 121 IX. The "Higher" Land Bird Assemblage 122 A. Coliiformes 124 B. Coraciiformes (Including Trogonidae and Galbulae) 124 C. Strigiformes 129 D. Caprimulgiformes 132 E. Apodiformes 134 F. Family Incertae Sedis Trochilidae 135 G. Order Incertae Sedis Bucerotiformes (Including Upupae) 136 H. Piciformes 138 I. Passeriformes 139 X. The Water Bird Assemblage 141 A. Gruiformes 142 B. Family Incertae Sedis Ardeidae 165 79 Avian Biology, Vol. Vlll ISBN 0-12-249408-3 80 STORES L. OLSON C. Family Incertae Sedis Podicipedidae 168 D. Charadriiformes 169 E. Anseriformes 186 F. Ciconiiformes 188 G. Pelecaniformes 192 H. Procellariiformes 208 I. Gaviiformes 212 J. Sphenisciformes 217 XI. Conclusion 217 References 218 I. Introduction Avian paleontology has long been a poor stepsister to its mammalian counterpart, a fact that may be attributed in some measure to an insufRcien- cy of qualified workers and to the absence in birds of heterodont teeth, on which the greater proportion of the fossil record of mammals is founded. -
Miocene Development of Life
Miocene Development of Life Jarðsaga 2 - Saga Lífs og Lands - Ólafur Ingólfsson Thehigh-pointof theage of mammals The Miocene or "less recent" is so called because it contains fewer modern animals than the following Pliocene. The Miocene lasted for 18 MY, ~23-5 MY ago. This was a huge time of transition, the end of the old prehistoric world and the birth of the more recent sort of world. It was also the high point of the age of mammals Open vegetation systems expand • The overall pattern of biological change for the Miocene is one of expanding open vegetation systems (such as deserts, tundra, and grasslands) at the expense of diminishing closed vegetation (such as forests). • This led to a rediversification of temperate ecosystems and many morphological changes in animals. Mammals and birds in particular developed new forms, whether as fast-running herbivores, large predatory mammals and birds, or small quick birds and rodents. Two major ecosystems evolve Two major ecosystems first appeared during the Miocene: kelp forests and grasslands. The expansion of grasslands is correlated to a drying of continental interiors and a global cooling. Later in the Miocene a distinct cooling of the climate resulted in the further reduction of both tropical and conifer forests, and the flourishing of grasslands and savanna in their stead. Modern Grasslands Over one quarter of the Earth's surface is covered by grasslands. Grasslands are found on every continent except Antarctica, and they make up most of Africa and Asia. There are several types of grassland and each one has its own name. -
Fossil Calibration Schemes the Soft Explosive Model Of
Supplemental File 2: Fossil calibration schemes The soft explosive model of placental mammal evolution Matthew J. Phillips*,1 and Carmelo Fruciano1 1School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] Contents Fossil Calibration schemes ......................................................................................................... 1 Table S2 .................................................................................................................................. 1 New calibrations ..................................................................................................................... 3 Figure S2 ................................................................................................................................ 7 References ............................................................................................................................ 10 Calibration schemes Table S2. Soft-bound calibrations employed for the MCMCtree analyses of the 122-taxon, 128- taxon, and 57-taxon empirical datasets. Calibrations among placental mammals are largely based on dos Reis et al. [1], hence the designations dR32 and dR40 (numbers indicating the number of calibrations). Several new calibrations, including some inspired by Springer et al. [2], are described below the table. Also note that the 122-taxon dR40, 128-taxon and 57-taxon analyses employ bounds as listed below, whereas the dR32 analyses, -
Investigating Evolutionary Processes Using Ancient and Historical DNA of Rodent Species
Investigating evolutionary processes using ancient and historical DNA of rodent species Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) University of London Royal Holloway University of London Egham, Surrey TW20 OEX Selina Brace November 2010 1 Declaration I, Selina Brace, declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, it is always clearly stated. Selina Brace Ian Barnes 2 “Why should we look to the past? ……Because there is nowhere else to look.” James Burke 3 Abstract The Late Quaternary has been a period of significant change for terrestrial mammals, including episodes of extinction, population sub-division and colonisation. Studying this period provides a means to improve understanding of evolutionary mechanisms, and to determine processes that have led to current distributions. For large mammals, recent work has demonstrated the utility of ancient DNA in understanding demographic change and phylogenetic relationships, largely through well-preserved specimens from permafrost and deep cave deposits. In contrast, much less ancient DNA work has been conducted on small mammals. This project focuses on the development of ancient mitochondrial DNA datasets to explore the utility of rodent ancient DNA analysis. Two studies in Europe investigate population change over millennial timescales. Arctic collared lemming (Dicrostonyx torquatus) specimens are chronologically sampled from a single cave locality, Trou Al’Wesse (Belgian Ardennes). Two end Pleistocene population extinction-recolonisation events are identified and correspond temporally with - localised disappearance of the woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius). A second study examines postglacial histories of European water voles (Arvicola), revealing two temporally distinct colonisation events in the UK. -
Animal Health Requirements for Importation of Rodents, Hedgehogs, Gymnures and Tenrecs Into Denmark
INTERNATIONAL TRADE DIVISION ANIMAL HEALTH REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPORTATION OF RODENTS, HEDGEHOGS, GYMNURES AND TENRECS INTO DENMARK. La 23,0-2111 These animal health requirements concern veterinary import requirements and certification re- quirements alone and shall apply without prejudice to other Danish and EU legislation. Rodents, hedgehogs, gymnures and tenrecs meaning animals of the Genera/Species listed below: Order Family Rodentia Sciuridae (Squirrels) (except Petaurista spp., Biswamoyopterus spp., Aeromys spp., Eupetaurus spp., Pteromys spp., Glaucomys spp., Eoglaucomys spp., Hylopetes spp., Petinomys spp., Aeretes spp., Trogopterus spp., Belomys, Pteromyscus spp., Petaurillus spp., Iomys spp.), Gliridae (Dormous’), Heteromyidae (Kangaroo rats, kangaroo mice and rock pocket mice), Geomyidae (Gophers), Spalaci- dae (Blind mole rats, bamboo rats, root rats, and zokors), Calomyscidae (Mouse-like hamsters), Ne- somyidae (Malagasy rats and mice, climbing mice, African rock mice, swamp mice, pouched rats, and the white-tailed rat), Cricetidae (Hamsters, voles, lemmings, and New World rats and mice), Muridae (mice and rats and gerbils), Dipodidae (jerboas, jumping mice, and birch mice), Pedetidae (Spring- hare), Ctenodactylidae (Gundis), Diatomyidae (Laotian rock rat), Petromuridae (Dassie Rat), Thryon- omyidae (Cane rats), Bathyergidae (Blesmols), Dasyproctidae (Agoutis and acouchis), Agoutidae (Pacas), Dinomyidae (Pacarana), Caviidae (Domestic guinea pig, wild cavies, mara and capybara), Octodontidae (Rock rats, degus, coruros, and viscacha rats), Ctenomyidae (Tuco-tucos), Echimyidae (Spiny rats), Myocastoridae (Coypu ), Capromyidae (Hutias), Chinchillidae (Chinchillas and visca- chas), Abrocomidae (Chinchilla rats). Erinaceomorpha Erinaceidae (Hedgehogs and gymnures) Afrosoricida Tenrecidae (Tenrecs) The importation of rodents, hedgehogs, gymnures and tenrecs to Denmark (excluding import to ap- proved bodies, institutes and centres as defined in Art. 2, 1, (c) of Directive 92/65/EEC) must comply with the requirements of Danish order no. -
Amazonia: Landscape and Species Evolution a Look Into the Past
Amazonia: landscape and species evolution A look into the past Edited by C. Hoorn University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands F.P. Wesselingh Naturalis, Leiden, The Netherlands Editorial advisors H.B. Vonhof Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands S.B. Kroonenberg Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands H. Hooghiemstra University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands HHoorn_Fm_Final.inddoorn_Fm_Final.indd SSec1:iiiec1:iii 110/30/20090/30/2009 110:18:280:18:28 SShobhahobha HHoorn_Fm_Final.inddoorn_Fm_Final.indd SSec1:xivec1:xiv 110/30/20090/30/2009 110:18:300:18:30 SShobhahobha HHoorn_Frontispiece_Final.inddoorn_Frontispiece_Final.indd i 110/24/20090/24/2009 11:36:05:36:05 SShobhahobha MIDDLE TO LATE MIOCENE POACEAE Phoberomys Ceiba + Ludwigia Gryposuchus Anacardium Euterpe Anhinga Amanoa Humiriastrum Bactris Cariniana Terminalia Astrapotherium Terminalia Mauritia Mauritia Pachira Barinasuchus Pseudoprepotherium Purussaurus PAMPATHERIIDAE Anhinga + Pristobrycon Trigodon Calophyllum Mourasuchus Bairdemys PTERIDOPHYTA GASTROPODA Mauritia POACEAE + Ludwigia SERRASALMIDAE (Serrasalmus, MIDDLE TO Pygocentrus or Pristobrycon) Plicodontinia LATE SERRASALMIDAE (Serrasalmus, Carcharhinus Pygocentrus or Pristobrycon) MIOCENE Charactosuchus Arapaima Phractocephalus Ribodon Colossoma Cariniana Oxydoras Pseudopimelodus Corydoras Chelus Terminalia Hoplias CHAROPHYTA Potamotrygon GASTROPODA These plates show a reconstruction of the Middle to Late Miocene (16—7 million years ago) terrestrial and underwater landscape in Amazonia. Names for taxa are -
Palaeontology, Palaeobiology and Evolution
Palaeontology, palaeobiology and evolution The chemical conditions for life (January 2003) Robert Williams (Oxford University) and João Fraústo da Silva (Technical University of Lisbon) have an unconventional, but plausible take on the conditions for life’s origin and evolution (Williams, R.J.P & Fraústo da Silva J.J.R. 2003. Evolution was chemically constrained. Journal of Theoretical Biology, v. 220, p. 323-343; doi: 10.1006/jtbi.2003.3152). However life began, presumably as cytoplasm containing DNA, RNA and proteins within a semi-permeable wall, it was surrounded by the chemistry of whatever environment it appeared in. The proto-cell would have drawn hydrogen ions from water, to perform the proton pumping that is essential to all living organisms, and thereby created more oxidising conditions in its immediate vicinity. Oxidation would have generated nitrogen from ammonia, released metals from their sulphides and converted other sulphides to sulphates. Conversely, ions in its surroundings would have been able to “leak” into the cell itself. By creating oxidised radicals, this inward leakage would have rebounded the cell’s activity on itself, with potentially toxic consequences. Survival depended on two things: exploiting the opportunities, such as nitrogen fixation, using oxygen and even photosynthetic chemistry; and fending off potential toxic shock. One of the most interesting aspects is the role assumed by calcium ions. Their presence inside a cell would have precipitated DNA, by binding to it, with fatal consequences. The upshot, according to Williams and Fraústo da Silva, is the special role of calcium as a messenger ion, perhaps having arisen through the necessity to pump it out again. -
How Many Species of Mammals Are There?
Journal of Mammalogy, 99(1):1–14, 2018 DOI:10.1093/jmammal/gyx147 INVITED PAPER How many species of mammals are there? CONNOR J. BURGIN,1 JOCELYN P. COLELLA,1 PHILIP L. KAHN, AND NATHAN S. UPHAM* Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, USA (CJB) Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03-2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA (JPC) Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA (PLK) Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA (NSU) Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA (NSU) 1Co-first authors. * Correspondent: [email protected] Accurate taxonomy is central to the study of biological diversity, as it provides the needed evolutionary framework for taxon sampling and interpreting results. While the number of recognized species in the class Mammalia has increased through time, tabulation of those increases has relied on the sporadic release of revisionary compendia like the Mammal Species of the World (MSW) series. Here, we present the Mammal Diversity Database (MDD), a digital, publically accessible, and updateable list of all mammalian species, now available online: https://mammaldiversity.org. The MDD will continue to be updated as manuscripts describing new species and higher taxonomic changes are released. Starting from the baseline of the 3rd edition of MSW (MSW3), we performed a review of taxonomic changes published since 2004 and digitally linked species names to their original descriptions and subsequent revisionary articles in an interactive, hierarchical database. We found 6,495 species of currently recognized mammals (96 recently extinct, 6,399 extant), compared to 5,416 in MSW3 (75 extinct, 5,341 extant)—an increase of 1,079 species in about 13 years, including 11 species newly described as having gone extinct in the last 500 years.