Index

18th Amendment (1919), 223 1906 San Francisco earthquake, 3, 197–201, 222 1913 Humboldt Bay tsunami, 3 9/11 terrorist attacks, 363 abalone hunters, 175 Agricultural Labor Relations Act Alameda Naval Base, 256 aborigines see Indians (1975), 331–2 Alamo Canal, 162 abortion, 45, 328 Agricultural Workers’ Organizing Alaska, 18, 27, 47, 278 academic freedom, 291 Committee (AWOC), 315 Alaska Commercial Company, 175 Achomawi, 13, 17 agriculture, 160–6, 167, 297, 374–5, Alberni, Pedro de, 389 acorns, 10–11 377–8 alcoholism, 220–1, 364 Adams, Ansel, 261 fi eld hands, 121, 165, 206–8, 227, Alexander, David, 192 Adams, John Quincy, 85 231, 257, 287, 315, 331, 341 Alien Land Act (1913), 228 Aerocraft Heat Treating, 283 irrigation, 7, 160–2, 224–5, 242–4, All-American Canal, 243 Aerojet-General, 298 287 Allende, Isabel, 125, 364–5 aerospace industries, 251–2, 272, pesticides, 333, 341 Allende, Salvador, 365 275–6, 283, 298, 333 Spanish colonial period, 41 Alta California, 28–30, 35–46 affi rmative action, 333–4, 347 Agriculture, Mining, and Mechanical alternative energy, 343–4, 366, 377 African Americans, 363 Arts College, 181 Alvarado, Juan Bautista, 56, 68, 82, citizenship rights, 108, 310 COPYRIGHTEDsee also universities MATERIAL390 discrimination against, 127–8, 230, Ahmanson, Howard, 299–300 American Federation of Labor 275–6, 285, 313–14, 328, 335 Air Force, 269, 270, 283 (AF of L), 201, 274 seamen, 174 air quality, 7, 341–2, 381 American Federation of Labor- during World War II, 275–6 Air Resources Board, 332, 342 Congress of Industrial agribusiness, 162–6, 244–7, 287–8 aircraft manufacturing, 251–2, 272, Organizations (AFL-CIO), 287, refrigerated transportation, 145, 275–6, 283, 298 315 164 Alameda Corridor, 378–9 American Indians see Indians

Pacifi c Eldorado: A History of Greater California, First Edition. Thomas J. Osborne. © 2013 Thomas J. Osborne. Published 2013 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Index 393

American Legion, 229 Asian Indians, 207 Bay Area Rapid Transit District American Lung Association, 381 Asiatic Exclusion League, 227 (BART), 308 American military rule (1846–49), Asing, Norman, 123–4 beach culture, 226, 241–2, 301–2, 318, 390 Asisara, Lorenzo, 39 382 American River, 91–2 Aspinwall, William H., 93, 95–6 Beale, Edward F., 92, 126 America’s Cup race, 379 Associated Farmers, 257 Beals, Elvina, 219 Amgen, Inc., 339 Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Bear Flag Revolt (1846), 85–8, 112 amusement parks, 241–2, 302, 375–6 Railroad, 145 “Beats,” 302–3 Angel Island Immigration Station Atherton, Gertrude, 180–1 beaver, 9 (San Francisco), 227, 229–30 atom bomb, 273 beaver trappers, 64–6 Angelides, Phil, 368, 372 Austin, Mary, 179 Bechtel, Kenneth and Stephen, 272, Anián, Strait of see Northwest Passage Australia, 8, 162, 213, 375, 384 274 animals, 9, 73 Australian Gold Rush (1851), 97 Becker, William, 314 (Anson) Burlingame Treaty (1868), Automobile Club, 251 Beckman, Arnold O., 327 153 automobiles, 250–1, 382 Beechey, Frederick W., 58 Anthropology (1923), 19 autopia, defi nition, 250 beet sugar, 165–6 anti-abortion movement, 328 Avatar (2009), 375 Bell, Theodore, 216 anti-Communist crusade, 290–1 aviation industry, 251–2, 272, 275–6, Bellamy, Edward, 213–14 anti-imperialism, 147 283, 298 Bendixon, Hans, 174 anti-labor movements, 204 Ayn Rand Institute, 346 Benecia, 174 Anti-Saloon League, 216 Ayres, Ed Duran, 276 Benton, Thomas Hart, 85, 135 Anza, Juan Bautista de, 42–3 Azusa, 298 Berengia ice bridge, 10 Apple Computers, 338, 376 Berggruen, Nicolas, 385 aqueducts, 5, 7, 224–5, 243–4 Badwater ultra-marathon, 7 Berkeley, George, 181 Arab Americans, 363 Baja California, 3, 6, 27 Berkeley (UC Berkeley) see University Arbuckle, Roscoe “Fatty,” 240–1 infl uences on, 170–1, 230, 277 of California, Berkeley architecture, 261–2, 304–5, 350 Baja Studios, 352 Bernal, Josefa, 45 pre-contact period, 14–15 Bakke, Allan, 334 Bidwell, John, 69, 91, 163 “Argonauts” (forty-niners), 92–7, 339 Ballard, Rochelle, 351 Bierce, Ambrose, 178, 194 Argüello, Concepción, 47 Bancroft, Hubert Howe, 177, 179 “Big Four,” 136–7, 138–40, 144, 190, Argüello, José, 389 Bank of America, 247 194–5 Argüello, Luis, 389 Bank of Italy (Bank of America), see also Central Pacifi c Railroad Arkies, 257, 260, 261 247 Big Sur, 261, 301, 303, 318 Arlington Woman, 10 banks, 195, 246–7, 313, 362 Bigler, John, 123, 125, 390 Army, 118, 269–70, 279, 280–1, 383–4 Banning, Phineas, 166, 191, 192 bilingualism, 107–8, 152 Air Corps, 275 Bard, Thomas R., 166 Billings, Warren K., 234 Air Force, 269, 270, 283 barrios, 286 biotechnology, 339–40, 366, 377 Arnold, Henry, 272 Bartleson, John, 69 Bird, Rose Elizabeth, 331–2 Arrillaga, José Joaquín de, 47, 389 Bartlett, Washington A., 91, 390 birds, migration, 9 Arroyo Seco Parkway, 308 baseball, 301, 350, 351 Birgenau, Robert, 370 arts, 181, 304–5, 350 Basin and Range region, 4 birth control, 256 pre-contact period, 15 Basket Woman, The (1904), 179 Birth of a Nation, The (fi lm, 1915), Aryan Brotherhood, 336 basketball, 301, 350, 351 230, 240 Arzner, Dorothy, 241 basketry, 15 “black gold” see oil industry Ashley, Raymond, 30 Bates, George, 272 Black Panthers, 314 Asian Americans, 315–16, 361–3 Battle of the Old Woman’s Gun Bliven, Bruce, 250, 253–4 see also Chinese Americans; (1846), 89 Bloods (gang), 336 Japanese Americans Bay Area, 270–2, 308, 314 Bluebelt Coalition, 383 394 Index

Boardwalk (Santa Cruz), 241 Buffum, Edward G., 99 California Maritime Academy, 248 boat-making, 14, 21 Building Trades Council (San California Star (newspaper), 91–2 see also shipbuilding Francisco), 203 California State Lands Commission, Bodega Bay, 47–8 Bullocks Wilshire department store, 381–2 Bodega y Quadra, Juan Francisco, 27 250–1 California Teachers’ Association, body painting, 15 bungalows, 261 365–6 Boeke, Al, 304 Burdette, Clara, 221 California Trail, 70, 95 Bojórquez, Charles “Chaz,” 350 Bureau of Indian Affairs, 317 Californian (newspaper), 91–2 Bolden, Charles, 376–7 Burke, Yvonne, 335 Californians, The (1898), 180–1 Bolsa Chica Land Trust, 343 Burlingame Treaty (1868), 153 Californios bomb attacks, 205, 234 Burnett, Peter H., 109, 390 1849 constitutional convention Bonneville, Benjamin, 66 Burns, William J., 198 delegates, 107 Booth, Newton, 390 Burns–Porter Act (1959), 307–8 citizenship rights, 108 borax mining, 167–8 Bustamente, Anastacio, 65 discrimination against, 124–5 Borica, Diego de, 40, 43, 389 Butterfi eld Overland Express land ownership, 110–12, 179 Botts, Charles T., 108 Company, 134 Mexican period, 58, 60, 63–4 Bouchard, Hippolyte de, 48–9, 66 see also Hispanic Americans Boulder Canyon Project Act (1928), cable cars, 168 Call of the Wild, The (1903), 179 243 Cabrillo, Juan Rodríguez, 28–30 Caltech, 272, 283 Boulder Dam, 242–3 Cahuenga Pass, Battle of (1831), 57 Cambodia, 336 Boxer, Barbara, 365, 373 Calhoun, Patrick, 199 Cameron, James, 375 braceros, 287, 288 California: A Study of American Camino Real (King’s Highway), 37, Bradley, Tom, 314, 335 Character (1886), 179 38, 221 Brannan, Sam, 91, 113, 117 California and Hawaiian Sugar Camp Pendleton, 270, 384 Brewer, William, 98, 127 Refi ning Company (C and H), Camp Stoneman, 269 Bridges, Harry, 258 166 Canby, Edward, 127 Brin, Sergey, 339 California-Asia Business Council cancer-causing substances bristlecone pine, 8 (Cal-Asia), 361–2 (carcinogens), 341, 342 Britain see Great Britain California Central Valley Act (1933), Canfi eld, Charles, 167 Brockovich, Erin, 342 244 Cannery and Agricultural Workers Broderick, David C., 115–16 California Coastal Act (1976), 342–3 Industrial Union (CAWIU), Brotherhood of Eternal Love, 318 California condor, 9 257 Brown, Adelaide, 255–6 California Conservation Corps, 332 canning industry, 165, 175, 246, 257 Brown, Edmund G. “Jerry,” Jr., 331–4, California Dream Act (2006), 369, Cannon, Lou, 331 342, 344, 372, 373, 391 373 canoes, 14, 20, 21–2 Brown, Edmund G. “Pat,” 305–6, California Energy Commission, 344 Canton (China), 46–7, 48 307–9, 313, 317, 318, 391 California Environmental Quality Act emigration from, 121, 150 Brown, Kathleen, 349 (1970), 341 Cape Horn, 93 Brown, Willie, 335 California Federation of Women’s Cape Mendocino, 5 Brown v. Plata (2011), 372 Clubs, 221–2 capital punishment, 98–9, 306, 333, Brown vs. the Board of Education California: For Health, Pleasure and 345, 349 (1954), 286, 314 Residence (1873), 146 capitalism Bryant and Sturgis, 61 California Fruit Growers’ Exchange, market regulation, 215, 216–20, Bucareli, Antonio de, 42 164–5 253, 331–3, 341–4, 345–6 Buckley, William F., Jr., 326 California grizzly bear, 9 and politics, 178–9, 211, 345–6 Budd, James H., 391 California Institute of Technology pre-contact period, 20 Buddhism, 255, 303 (Caltech), 272, 283 see also labor movements Budhi, Felix, 231 California Labor Federation, 307 Captain Blood (1935), 241 Index 395 carcinogens, 341, 342 China climate, 6–7, 169 Carlos III, King of Spain, 35–6 emigration from, 97, 120–4, 141, climate change, 366, 368, 369, 381–2 Carrillo, José Antonio, 89, 107 146, 151, 153–4, 316 Clinton, Hillary, 383–4 Carson, Kit, 90 evidence of early cultural contact, clipper ships, 93, 95, 171 Carter, James “Jimmy,” 332 21–2 Coast Guard, 269 Cascade Range, 4, 5 military policy, 384 Coast Miwok, 13, 33 Casey, James, 114 trade with, 30, 46–8, 70–1, 95–6, Coast Seamen’s Union (CSU), 202 casinos, 364, 367 134–5, 146, 171–3, 175, 227, Coastal Commission, 342–3, 382–3 Castle & Cooke, 166 232–3, 337, 375, 377 Coastal Ranges, 3, 4, 5 Castro, José, 56, 85, 390 China Clipper (aircraft), 251–2 coastal region, 7, 14, 382 Catholicism, 84, 306, 328 Chinese Americans, 120–4, 146, 198, Cochran, Vianne, 274 missions, 35–41 255, 256, 339, 362, 363 cod fi shing, 175 universities, 182 abalone hunters, 146, 175 Cold War, 290–1 cattle, 42, 59–60, 246 agricultural workers, 121, 165, 206 Coleman, William Tell, 114, 150, 152, caudillos, 55, 57 discrimination against, 122–3, 125, 167–8 Cavendish, Thomas, 32 148–52, 153–4, 275 Collette, Frederick G., 232 censorship, 62, 241 during Gold Rush, 97 colonization, role of missions, 35–41 Center for the Pacifi c Rim (San railroad workers, 140–3, 144 Colorado Desert, 4, 6, 161, 162 Francisco), 337 seamen, 146, 148, 202–3 Colorado River, 162, 243, 287, 307 Central Pacifi c Railroad, 193, 195 shipyard workers, 275 Colton, David D., 190, 194 construction of, 138–43 Chinese Consolidated Benevolent coming-of-age ceremonies, 17 Central Valley, 6, 216, 228 Association (“Six Companies”), commerce raiders, 119–20 irrigation, 7, 161, 244, 245, 287 123 Commission on the Status of Women Century of Dishonor, A (1881), 179 Chinese Exclusion Act (1882), 153–4 (1964), 317 Cermeño, Sebastián Rodriguez, Chinn, Thomas W., 141 communications technology, 137–8, 33–4 Christian socialism, 213–14 142, 162, 177 Chaffey, George, 161–2 Christopher, George, 328 Communist Labor Party, 234 Chan, Wilma, 363 Chu, Steven, 363 community colleges, 220, 309, 345, Chandler, Dorothy Buffum, 304 Chumash, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19–20, 21–2, 370 Chandler, Harry, 243, 251 34 Community Service Organization Chandler, Norman, 305 gender roles, 45 (East Los Angeles), 286 Chang, Shenglin, 338 citizenship, 108, 123, 228–9, 256, 310 Compromise of 1850, 110 Channel Islands, 19–20, 28, 192 First Amendment rights, 291 computer technology, 338–9, 340, Chaplin, Charlie, 240, 242 citrus fruits, 163–5, 167 341, 349, 375, 376 Chapman, Joseph, 66 City Beautiful movement, 221 Comstock Lode (Ne v.), 100 Chapman, N.P., 232–3 City Lights Bookstore (San concentration camps see relocation Chávez, Cesar, 316 Francisco), 302–3 centers Chen, Yong, 121 civil rights movement, 309–17, 327 concert halls, 304, 350 Cherng, Andrew and Peggy, 362 Civil War (1861–65), 110, 118–20 Confederacy, support for, 118, 120 Chessman, Caryl, 306 Civilian Conservation Corps, 259 Congreso del Pueblo de Habla Cheung, Yan, 362 Clappe, Louise see Shirley, Dame Española, 276 Chicano/a movement, 315 (Louise Clappe) conquistadores, 27 Chico, 150 Claremont Colleges, 340 conservation, 8, 180, 223–4, 287, 289, Chico, Mariano, 390 Clarens, Carlos, 241 332, 341–4, 381–3 children, 220, 274, 372 Claxton, Alexander, 80 conservatism, 252–4, 323–53 working conditions, 218–19 Clean Cars Law (2002), 382 see also Republican Party Chile, 125, 326, 364, 365 clean technology, 343–4, 377 Consolidated-Vultee, 276 Chin, Thomas W., 31 Cleaver, Eldridge, 314 conspiracy theories, 327 396 Index constitution Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon Diaz, Jose, 276 California state constitution, (2000), 375 Dickson, Edward A., 214–15 107–9, 152–3, 195, 219–20, 222 Crow, Walter, 189 Dickson, William, 283 Mexican constitution (1824), 55 Cruise of the Snark, The (1911), 179 Didion, Joan, 303–4 United States Constitution, 37, 223 Cucamonga, 161–2 Didrikson, Babe, 242 Convair Astronautics, 298 culture, 169–70, 177–82, 260–2, Diegueño, 18 Cook, Sherburne F., 40, 126 300–5, 350–2 Dietrich, Marlene, 242 Coolidge, Calvin, 243, 252 arts, 181, 304–5, 350 DiGorgio Fruit Company, 246, 315 Cooper, John Rogers, 64–5 beach culture, 226, 241–2, 301–2, direct democracy, 214, 219–20 Cooper, Sarah, 220 318, 382 Direct Primary Law (1909), 215–16, cooperatives, 164–5, 259 counterculture, 317–18, 319, 327–8 219 corruption, 190, 193–5, 197, 198–201, music, 302, 304, 318 directors (movie directors), 241 247–8, 369 pre-contact period, 10–20, 21 discrimination, 100, 113–14, 120–8, Cortés, Hernán, 27 transcultural lifestyles, 338, 362 221, 275–82, 313–17, 328, 335–6 Costanoan Indians, 13, 35 Cumings, Bruce, 120, 337 affi rmative action, 333–4, 347 cotton, 246 Cunningham, William H., 64 against Chinese, 122–3, 140, 142, counterculture, 317–18, 319, 327–8 Cupeño, 13, 232 148–52, 153–4, 202–3, 275 Crawford, Joan, 240 Cupertino, 363 against Hispanics, 113, 124–5 Crédit Foncier, 170 cycling, Tour of California, 351 against Indians, 16 creosote bushes, 11 against Japanese, 206–7, 227–30, crime, 112–16, 124, 125, 334–6, 363, dairy produce, 246 277–82 369 dams, 7, 225, 242–3, 244, 307, 308 Spanish colonial period, 43 death penalty, 98–9, 306, 333, 345, Dana, Richard Henry, Jr., 61, 62, 70–1 disease, 17, 32, 65, 163, 341 349 Dana, William G., 66 in missions, 40 discrimination against minorities, Darrow, Clarence, 205 Disneyland, 302, 313, 375–6 122–3, 126–7, 150–2, 335 Datura stramonium, 17 diversity, 359–65 gangs, 123, 300, 336 Daughter of Fortune (1999), 125 see also racism graft trials, 197, 198–201 Davis, Angela, 312 divorce, 18, 45 gun control, 366 Davis, Joseph Graham “Gray,” 214, Dixon, Thomas, 240 mining camps, 98–100 365–6, 391 dock strikes, 257–9 prisons, 349, 372 death penalty, 98–9, 306, 333, 345, Doheny, Edward L., 167, 247–8 riots, 111, 149–51, 207–8, 314, 326, 349 Doheny, Estelle, 256 335 Death Valley, 6, 7, 167–8 Dollar, Robert, 173 smuggling, 62, 249–50 Delano Grape Strike, 315 Dollar Shipping Company, 173 Spanish colonial period, 45 Dellums, Ronald, 335 Dominguez, Manuel, 124–5 terrorist attacks, 188, 205, 234, 314, Delta–Mendota Canal, 287 Donner party tragedy (1846), 70 363 Delta region, 341, 342 dot-com gold rush, 338–9, 349 “Three Strikes” law, 349 DeMille, Cecil B., 241 Douglas, Donald, 251 Criminal Syndicalism Act (1919), Democratic Party, 114–16, 120, 216, Douglas, Helen Gahagan, 290 234, 257 253, 259, 290, 305–6, 331, 347, Douglas, Peter M., 342–3 Crips (gang), 336 349, 365–6, 368–9, 390 Downey, John G., 120, 390 Crissy Field, 269 Deukmejian, George, 342, 343, 345–6, Downieville, 113 Crocker, Charles, 137, 138, 140, 142, 391 Doyle, John J., 188, 189 190 Deverell, William, 137 Dr Strangelove (1964), 300 Crocker, Edwin B., 142 Dewey, John, 220 Dragon capsule (SpaceX), 376–7 Crocker, William H., 235 DeWitt, John L., 269, 278 Drake, Michael V., 363 crop spraying, 333 deYoung, Charles and Michael, 181 Drake, Sir Francis, 32–3 cross-fi ling, 219, 306 Diablo Canyon, 344 Drake’s Bay, 33 Index 397

Dropbox (fi le-sharing service), 376 segregation, 227–8, 286, 314 eucalyptus, 8, 163 drought, 7 underfunding, 333, 345, 349, Executive Order 9066, 278 Drucker, Peter F., 340 367–8, 369, 370 exploration, 27–35, 72–5 drugs, 141–2, 318, 336 see also universities expositions, 163, 175, 233, 262, 263, Duck Soup (1933), 241 Edwards v. South Carolina (1963), 310 377 Durst, Ralph, 207–8 Eichler, Joseph, 304 extremism, 234, 314, 326–7 Dymally, Mervyn, 335 Eighteenth Amendment (1919), 223 Exxon Mobil, 376 Eisenhower, Dwight D., 326 earthquakes, 3, 197–201, 222, 348–9 El Toro (Orange County), 270, 341 Facebook (social network), 376 East West Bancorp, Inc., 362 Eldorado County, 98 factory workers, 175, 203–4 Eaton, Fred, 224 elections, 109–10, 115–16, 215–16, Fagan, Brian, 10 Echeandía, José María de, 57, 64–5, 235, 259, 260, 288–9, 290, 305–6, Fages, Pedro, 44, 389 389 326, 328–9, 365–7, 372–3 Fahy, Charles, 281 Eckbo, Garrett, 304 reform of, 213, 360–1 Fair Housing Act (1963), 314, 328, ecology, 8–9 electricity 331 economy, 134–53, 160–76, 232–3, green technology, 344, 366, 377 Fairbanks, Douglas, Jr., 240 238–52, 297–300, 336–40 hydroelectric projects, 161–2, 169 Fall, Albert B., 247–8 agribusiness, 145, 162–6, 244–7, light railways, 168–9 fan palm, 9 287–8 power outages, 344, 366 Farallon Islands, 9 depressions, 148–52, 203, 206–7, Eliot, T.S., 303 Farewell to Manzanar: A True Story of 241, 244, 257–60 Elk Hills, 247–8 Japanese-American Experience effect of climate, 7 Ellen M. Colton v. Leland Stanford during and after the World War effect of railroads, 145–6, 163, 164, et al., 190 II Internment (1973), 281–2 170 Embarcadero (San Francisco), 257–8 Farmers and Merchants Bank, 247 entertainment industry, 240–2, Emigrants’ Guide to Oregon and fast foods, 300, 362 300–2, 351–2 California, The (1845), 69 Federal-Aid Highway Act (1956), 308 international effect of Gold Rush, Emmons, George F., 73 federal government 100–2 energy, sustainable, 343–4 infrastructure spending, 308 knowledge workers, 283, 287–8, Energy Commission, 332 military spending, 270, 282–3, 298, 297, 338–9 Engel, Clair, 306 346, 384 Mexican period, 60–3, 70–2 England see Great Britain welfare programs, 330 military-industrial complex, Enron Corporation, 344 Federated Trades Council (San 269–76, 282–3, 298, 346 entertainment industry, 240–2, 300–2, Francisco), 202, 203 Pacifi c shift, 221, 295, 298–9, 337, 351–2, 375–6 Ferlinghetti, Lawrence, 302–3 374–86 environment, 8–9, 341–4 Ferrer, Bartolomé, 30 and politics, 216–20, 252–4, 331–3, conservation, 8, 180, 223–4, 287, ferries, 168 341–4 289, 332, 381–3 Fickert, Charles M., 234 recessions, 332, 336, 346, 347–9, hydraulic mining, 98, 161 Field, Stephen J., 195 372, 384–5 pesticides, 333 Fierro de Bright, Josefi na, 276 Spanish colonial period, 41, 46–8 Environmental Protection Agency Figueroa, José, 58, 390 see also infrastructure; trade (U.S.), 381 fi libustering, 116–18 Ecuador, 117 Erie, Steven, 378 Filipinos, 177, 315, 361 Edison, Thomas, 240 Erin Brockovitch (2000), 342 discrimination against, 231 Edson, Katherine Philips, 218, 222 Erlandson, Jon M., 10 fi lm industry see movie industry education, 109, 181–2, 220, 330, Esalen Institute, 318 fi nancial services, 195, 246–7, 313, 333–4, 363–4, 366 Estanislao, 56–7 362 and academic freedom, 291 Etiwanda, 161–2 Fiorina, Carly, 339 Mexican period, 63 Etiwanda Water Company, 161 fi restorms, 6–7 398 Index

First Amendment rights, 291 funding, 330–1, 343, 345–6, 366, Glenn, Hugh, 163 First Nations people see Indians 369–72 global warming, 366, 368, 369, 381–2 fi sh, 9 aqueducts and dams, 224, 307–8 globalization, 30–2 fi shing, 14, 175, 250, 299 health care, 289, 330, 371–2, 373 Glyn, Elinor, 241 Fitch, Henry D., 67 highways and roads, 289, 308, Gold Rush (1848–60), 8, 91–102, 161 fi tness gyms, 380 370–1 gold shipments, 30–2, 118–19 Flamming, Douglas, 230 railroads, 136–7, 138, 145, 193–4, Golden Gate Bridge, 261 Flanigan, James, 378 369 Golden Gate International Exposition Fletcher, Francis, 32–3 fur trade, 41, 46–8, 64–6 (1939), 262, 263 fl ood defenses, 161, 307, 341 Furnace Creek, 7 Golden Spike ceremony (1869), 142, Flores, José María, 89, 90, 117, 390 Furuseth, Andrew, 202–3 143 fl our-milling, 171 Goldman, Ronald L., 335 fl ower children, 318, 319 Gabrielinos, 13, 17, 34 golf, 351 Fluor, Si, 327 Gage, Henry T., 391 Gompers, Samuel, 201, 205 Flynn, Errol, 241 Galbraith, John Kenneth, 309 Good Government League, 214 fog, 6 Gale, William, 61 Good Year Tire and Rubber Foltz, Clara Shortridge, 182 Gálvez, José de, 35–6, 41 Company, 243 Fong, Matthew, 363 gambling, 223, 364, 367 Google, 339 Fong & Chan Architects, 350 gangs, 123, 300, 336 Gordon, Laura De Force, 182 Fong Eu, March, 363 Garbo, Greta, 240 governors, 252–4, 389–91 football, 301, 350, 351 Garden of Flowing Fragrance (San military governors, 390 Ford, Tirey L., 199 Marino), 362 recalls, 214, 219, 366–7 foreign policy, 80–1, 82, 84–7, 90–1, gay men, 285, 303, 313, 317, 335, 369 Graduate School of International 117, 176, 228, 282–4, 326, Gee, Maggie, 275 Relations and Pacifi c Studies 383–4 Gehry, Frank, 350 (San Diego), 337 forestry management, 11–12 gender roles, 15, 18, 44–5, 63–4, 255–6 Graduate, The (1967), 300–1 Fort Ord, 269 General Assembly (United Nations), graft trials (San Francisco), 197, Fort Ross, 47–8 284 198–201 forts, 42–3, 269–70 General Electric Company, 283 Graham, Isaac, 56, 69 forty-niners, 92–7, 339 General Sherman tree (Sequoia), 8 Graham, Michael H., 11 see also Gold Rush (1848–60) gente de razón, 37, 39, 44–5, 63–4 granaries, 15 Foster, Marcus, 314 Gentlemen’s Agreement (1907–8), Grant, Ulysses S., 176 Franciscan Order, 36–41 228 grapes, 165, 297, 315, 374–5 Free Speech Movement, 310–11, geology, 2–6 Grapes of Wrath, The (1939), 260 328 George, Henry, 178 Grauman’s Chinese Theater, 240 Freeth, George, 226 Getty, George Franklin, 247 gray whale, 9, 174 freeways, 289, 308 Getty, J. Paul, 304 Great Basin, 5 Frémont, John C., 85–6, 88, 89, 90, Getty Center (Los Angeles), 350 Great Britain, 34, 80–1, 84 110, 134–5, 390 Giannini, Amadeo P., 247 Great Depression (1929–41), 241, Fresno Morning Republican, 215 Gidget (1959), 302 244, 257–60 Friedlander, Isaac, 163, 171 gift exchanges, 32–3 “Greater California,” xix, 374–86 Fritz, Emanuel, 289 Gilbert, George S., 166 green technology, 343–4, 366, 377, fruit, 145, 163–5, 167, 246, 374–5 Gillespie, Archibald, 86, 89 381–2 fruit fl y controversy (crop spraying), Gillett, James N., 391 Greene, Charles and Henry, 261 333 Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, 169 Griffi ths, David W., 230, 240 Frye, William P., 191 Gilroy, John, 66 Guadalupe–Hidalgo, Treaty of (1848), Fullerton College, 220 Ginsberg, Allen, 303, 318 90–1, 108, 111 fun zones, 241–2, 302 girls, in Indian culture, 15, 17 Guaymas, Battle of (1854), 116 Index 399

Guerra, José de la, 61 Hawkins, Augustus, 335 Holmes, Rachel Hobson, 67, 68 Guerra, Pablo de la, 107 Hayakawa, S.I., 312–13 Home Telephone Company, 197 Guest, Frances F., 39 Hayden, Tom, 336 Homestead Act (1862), 188 gun control, 366 Haynes, John Randolph, 214 homosexuality, 285, 303, 313, 317, Gutíerrez, Nicolás, 390 Hays Code, 241 335 Gwin, William M., 110, 111, 115–16 health, 7, 40, 169, 333, 341–2, 381 same-sex marriage, 369 Indian healing rituals, 11, 17 Hong Kong, 172, 337, 362, 375 Haenke, Thaddeus, 46 health care, 289, 330, 368, 371–2, 373 emigration from, 121 Haight, Henry H., 120, 390 Hearst, George, 181 Hoover Dam, 243–4 Haight-Ashbury “Summer of Love,” Hearst, Patricia, 314 Hoover, Herbert, 243 318, 319 Hearst, William Randolph, 181, 194 Hopkins, Mark, 137, 190 Halleck, Henry, 111 Heizer, Robert F., 12, 13 Horgan, Flossie, 343 Halliburton, Richard, 262 hemp, 41 Hounds (vigilante group), 113 Hallidie, Andrew S., 168 Heney, Francis J., 198–200, 234–5 House Un-American Activities Halperin, Lawrence, 304 Hernandez, Enrique, Jr., 360 Committee (HUAC), 290–1, “Ham and Eggs” initiative, 260 Herrin, William F., 194, 199, 222 309–10 Hamilton Field, 269 Hetch-Hetchy Valley, 5, 223–4, 242 housing, 272, 284–5, 299–300, 304–5 Hancock, G. Allan, 252 Hewlett-Packard, 339, 349 discrimination against minorities, Handbook of the Indians of California hide and tallow industry, 60–1, 71 313, 314, 328 (1925), 19 high-speed rail, 369 pre-contact period, 14–15 Hanford, 189 higher education policy, 181–2, Houston, Drew, 376 Hangover House, Laguna Beach, 308–9, 330, 333, 370 Houston, James, 282 261–2 affi rmative action, 333–4 Houston, Jeanne Wakatsuki, 281–2 Haraszthy, Agoston, 165 see also universities Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC), 61 harbors, 6, 34–5, 43, 190–2, 193, highways, 37, 39, 289, 308, 345, 370–1 Huerta, Dolores, 316 248–9 Híjar, José María, 58 Hughes, Charles Evans, 235 Hardison, Wallace L., 166 Hill, Julia Butterfl y, 343 Huishen (Hwui Shan), 22 Harlow, Neal, 88 Hill, Mary, 4 human rights, 37, 108–9 Harmony Borax Works, 167–8 Hinckley, 342 Humboldt Bay, 3, 14, 174 Harper, A.C., 214 Hinduism, 255 Hundley, Norris, Jr., 245 Harriman, Edward H., 199, 215 hippy culture, 317–18, 319, 327–8 hunting, 14 Harris, David, 312 Hispanic Americans, 231, 359–61 Huntington, Collis, 137, 138, 144–5, Hart–Cellar Act (1965), 315–16 1849 constitutional convention 190, 191 Harte, Bret, 127 delegates, 107 Huntington, Henry, 175, 204, 225, Hartley, Fred, 341 citizenship rights, 108, 315, 316 226 Hartnell, William E.P., 61, 64 culture, 169–70 Huntington Beach, 247 Hartt, Mills, 189 discrimination against, 124–5, Huntington Library and Art Gallery, Haskell, Burnette G., 202 276–7, 286 362 Hastings, Lansford W., 69 land ownership, 110–12, 179 Hutchinson, A.C., 145 Hastings College of the Law, 182, 196 Mexican period, 58, 60, 63–4 Hwui Shan (Huishen), 22 Hata, Donald T., 278 Hittell, Katherine, 221 hydraulic mining, 98, 99, 161 Hata, Nadine I., 278 Hoffer, Eric, 327 hydroelectric projects, 161–2, 169, Hawai’i, 117, 147, 166, 375 Hollywood, 240–1, 290, 300–1, 329, 223–4, 242, 244 emigration from, 92, 96, 361 351–2, 375 surfi ng and beach culture, 226, discrimination against minorities, I, Governor of California, and How I 301–2 230 Ended Poverty (1933), 259 trade with, 48, 60–1, 100, 175–6, infl uence on public opinion, 259, ice-free corridor migration theory, 10 248 302 ice hockey, 350 400 Index

Ide, William B., 86–7 infrastructure, 369–72 Islam, 363 illegal immigrants, 359–60, 366, 368 electricity, 161–2, 169, 223–4, 242, Issa, Darrell, 366, 367 immigration, 146–7, 253–4, 315–16, 244 Iturbide, Agustín de, 55 346, 347, 359–65, 373 harbors, 6, 34–5, 43, 190–2, 193, from China, 120–4, 146, 148–52, 248–9 Jack, Captain (Kintpuash), 127 153–4, 198, 202–3 highways and roads, 37, 39, 250–1, Jackson, Helen Hunt, 170, 179 forty-niners, 92–7 289, 308, 345, 370–1 Japan illegal immigrants, 359–60, 366, military-industrial complex, cultural infl uence, 304–5 368 269–76 earthquake relief funds, 348–9 from India, 207 railroads, 134–46, 168–9, 188–90, immigration from, 228–30, 316 Irish Americans, 84 369 postwar occupation of, 284 from Japan, 206–7, 227–30 telecommunications, 137–8, 142, Russo-Japanese War (1904–5), 233 Mexican period, 57, 58–9, 63, 162, 177 trade with, 246, 298, 337 64–71 tract housing, 284–5, 299–300 World War II, 278 from Mexico, 207 water supply, 7, 197, 223–5, 242–4, Japan–U.S. Security Treaty (1960), from the Philippines, 177 245, 307–8, 381 284 and street gangs, 336 initiatives (propositions), 214, 219, 333, Japanese Americans, 206–7, 227–30, wagon trains, 69–70, 95 342, 345, 346–7, 369, 370, 373 255, 362 Immigration and Nationality Act Intel, 338, 339, 349 during World War II, 277–82 (1965), 315–16 International Association of Bridge Jarvis, Annie, 232 Imperial Valley, 246, 257 and Structural Iron Workers Jeffers, Robinson, 261 irrigation, 7, 162, 243 Union, 205 Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Caltech), In Dubious Battle (1936), 260 International Church of the 272, 283 independence movements, 87–8, Foursquare Gospel, 254–5 Jewish–Muslim relations, 363 112 International Company of Mexico, jimsonweed, 17 Indian Island (Humboldt Bay), 127 170–1 Jobs, Steven, 338, 376 Indians, 21, 363–4 International Court of Justice, 284 John Begg and Company, 61 casinos, 364, 367 international law, 116, 284 John Birch Society, 326–7 citizenship rights, 108, 232 International Longshore and Johnson, Grove, 227 discrimination against, 126–7, 230, Warehouse Union, 337–8 Johnson, Hans, 346 231–2, 316–17 International Longshoremen’s Johnson, Hiram W., 200, 215–20, 222, gift exchange rituals, 32–3 Association (ILA), 258 235, 243, 391 land rights, 37, 56, 58–9, 126–7, international relations, 348–9 Johnson, J. Neely, 114, 390 317 International Space Station, 376–7 Johnson, Theodore, 92 massacres, 92, 127 Internet, 338–9, 340 Johnston, Albert Sidney, 120 and missions, 35–41, 44–5, 46, interwar years, 238–52 Jones, Fred, 275 56–60, 179 Irish Americans, 84 Jones, Terry, 21–2 pre-contact period, 9–20 irrigation, 7, 160–2, 224–5, 287, 307–8 Jones, Thomas ap Catesby, 81–3 rebellions, 40–1, 56–8, 126–7 Irvine, James, II, 246 Jones, William Carey, 111 religion, 15, 16–18 Irvine Company, 245–6 Jordan, David Starr, 182, 232 tribal and linguistic identity, Irvine Spectrum High Technology Judah, Theodore, 136, 138 12–14 Park (Orange County), 339 junior (later community) colleges, indigenous peoples see Indians Irwin, William, 390 220, 309, 345, 370 Industrial Welfare Commission, Isabel Allende Foundation, 365 218–19 Ishi, 19 Kahn, Florence Prag, 256 Industrial Workers of the World Ishi in Two Worlds: A Biography of the Kaiser, Henry J., 270–1, 274 (IWW), 207–8 Last Wild Indian in North Kalakaua, David Laamea, King of infanticide, 45 America (1961), 19 Hawai’i, 175–6 Index 401

Kamehameha III, King of Hawai’i, La Brea Tar Pits, 167 gangs, 123, 300, 336 117 La Eme (gang), 336 graft trials, 197, 198–201 kanakas, defi nition, 96 LA Fitness, 380 gun control, 366 Kang, Sukhee, 362–3 La Follette Seamen’s Act (1915), 202 mining camps, 98–100 Kashaya Pomo, 232 La Pérouse, comte de, 39, 46 prisons, 349, 372 Kearney, Denis, 151–2, 188, 203 La Purísima Concepción (mission), riots, 111, 149–51, 207–8, 314, 326, Kearny, Stephen Watts, 89–90, 390 38, 41 335 Keck Institute of Applied Life labor disputes, 142, 148, 196, 203, smuggling, 62, 249–50 Sciences, 340 204–5, 206, 257–9 Spanish colonial period, 45 kelp, medicinal uses, 20 arbitration, 218, 258, 331–2 terrorist attacks, 188, 205, 234, 314, “Kelp Highway,” 10, 11 labor movements 363 Kennedy, John F., 309 aims, 196–7 “Three Strikes” law, 349 Kennedy, Susan, 368 discrimination against minorities, Law and Order Party, 114 Kern County Land Company, 160 150, 151–2, 274, 275–6 Lawrence, Ernest O., 273 Kerouac, Jack, 303 unions, 196–7, 201–8, 218–19, Lawson, Andrew C., 198 Kerr, Clark, 309, 310 257–8, 272, 274, 275–6, 287–8, Lay, Kenneth, 344 Kesey, Ken, 303, 318 315, 316, 331–2, 337–8 League of United Latin American Key System (light railway), 168 Laguna Beach, 241, 262, 318, 383 Citizens (LULAC), 286 kindergartens, 220 Lahaina (Hawai’i), 174 Leary, Timothy, 318 King, James, of William, 114 Lake Havasu (Az.), 243–4 Lee, Archie, 128 King, Rodney, 335 Lake Tahoe, 343 Lee, Edwin, 363 King, Thomas Starr, 118 Lakisamni Yokuts, 56–7 Lefranc, Charles, 165 King of Kings, The (1927), 241 land ownership, 110–12, 178 Leland Stanford Junior University see Kingsford-Smith, Charles, 252 Indians, 37, 56, 58–9, 126–7, 317 Stanford University Kingston Technologies, 339 Mexican period, 56, 58–9, 60, 64 lemons, 163, 164 Kinney, Abbot, 179, 226 minorities, 124, 126–7, 228–9 lesbians, 285, 313, 317 Kintpuash (Captain Jack), 127 railroads, 145, 188–9 levees, 161, 341 Klamath Mountains, 4, 5 Spanish colonial period, 42 Levering Act (1950), 291 Klamath River, 5 squatters, 111–12, 179, 188–9 Levy, William Alexander, 261–2 Klar, Kathryn, 21–2 and water rights, 160, 224–5 liberalism, 253, 289, 295–318 Knatz, Geraldine, 382 Lange, Dorothea, 261, 262, 288 Liberty ships, 270–2 Knight, Goodwin J., 305, 391 language policy, 107–8, 152 Librado, Fernando, 20 Knights of Labor, 201 languages, Indian, 13, 14 Life and Adventures of Joaquín Knott, Walter, 327 Lapham, Roger, 304 Murieta, Celebrated Californian Knott’s Berry Farm, 302 Larkin, Thomas O., 67, 72, 82, 85, 107 Bandit (1854), 125 Know-Nothing Party, 115, 390 Lasuén, Fermín Francisco de, 46 Life in California (1846), 61 Knowland, William F., 305 Latham, Milton S., 390 light railways, 168–9, 308, 371 knowledge economy, 283, 287–8, 297, Latin America Lightfoot, Kent G., 40 338–9 emigration from, 96 Lincoln Club, 327, 328 see also research institutions exports to, 60 Lincoln–Roosevelt League, 214–15, Korean Americans, 362–3 fi libustering expeditions, 116–17 216, 222 Korean War (1950–53), 301 wars of independence, 48–9, 56 Lindberg, Charles A., 251 Korematsu, Fred, 281 law and order, 112–16, 124, 125, Lindsay, Gilbert, 314 Kroeber, Alfred L., 19 334–6, 363, 369 Lippincott, Joseph B., 224 Krug, Charles, 165 death penalty, 98–9, 306, 333, 345, Lipscomb, John, 124 Ku Klux Klan, 230, 240 349 Lissner, Meyer, 214 Kuksu cult, 17 discrimination against minorities, literature, 178–9, 180–1, 260–1, 302–4 Kumeyaay people, 28 122–3, 126–7, 150–2, 335 Little Liberia (Mexico), 230 402 Index

Little Saigon (Orange County), 361 Lugo, Pedro de, 33 Mattole, 12, 13 livestock, 42, 59–60, 246 Luiseño, 13, 17 May, Kirse Granat, 302 Lockheed, 272, 275, 283, 298 lumber exports, 173 Mayer, Louis B., 259 logging, 173 Lummis, Charles Fletcher, 169–70, McCarthyism, 290–1, 309–10, 329 London, Jack, 179, 180, 226 179, 232 McCorkle, J.W., 117 Long Beach, 247, 249, 283, 336, 337, Lungren, Dan, 365 McCulloch, Hugh, 61 352, 377–9 Lux v. Haggin (1886), 160 McDonald’s (fast-food restaurant Long Valley, 224–5 lynching, 98–9, 113, 114 chain), 300 Long Valley Dam, 225 McDougal, John, 109, 390 longshoremen’s strike (1934), 257–9 MacGillivray, Greg, 302, 383 McKenzie, Scott, 318 Looking Backward: 2000–1887 (1887), Mahan, Alfred Thayer, 176 McManigal, Ortie, 205 213–14 Maidu, 13, 92 McNamara, Eugene, 84 Loomis, A.W., 122 Malakoff Diggings, 99 McNamara, John J. and James B., 205 López de Legazpi, Miguel, 30–1 Malaspina, Alejandro, 39, 45–6 McPherson, Aimee Semple, 254–5 López de Villalobos, Ruy, 28 Manhattan Project, 273 McQuiddy, Thomas Jefferson, 188 Lorenzano, Apollinaria, 63–4, 112 Manifest Destiny, 100, 111 McWilliams, Carey, 279 Los Angeles, 175, 348–9 Manzanar War Relocation Center, Medi-Cal, 330, 371–2 automobiles, 250–1 279, 280, 281–2 medical research, 339–40, 366, 372 culture, 304, 350 Mara Salvatrucha (gang), 336 medicine, in Indian culture, 11, 17, economy, 170, 272, 339–40 Mare Island, 269, 298 20 law and order, 114, 277, 314, 326, Marin City, 272, 274 Mediterranean climate, 7 335–6 Marine Corps, 270 Meier, Richard, 350 Mexican period, 58 marine ecology, 342–3, 382 Meldahl, Keith Heyer, 3 Mexican War (1846–48), 89, 90 Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), men movie industry see movie industry 382–3 gay men, 285, 303, 313, 317, 335, Olympic Games, 242 Marineland, 302 369 politics, 214–15 Mariposa County, 98 in Indian culture, 15, 18 port, 190–2, 193, 232–3, 248–9, maritime industries see fi shing; in rancho society, 63–4 250, 337, 338, 377–9 shipbuilding; trade Spanish colonial period, 44 public transportation system, 371 Markham, Henry H., 391 Mendez v. Westminster (1947), 286 race relations, 276–7, 314, 326, marriage, 18, 369 Mendota, 287 335–6 Marsh, John, Dr., 67 Mendoza, Antonio de, 28 religious movements, 254–5 Marshall, James, 91 mental health care, 330 segregation, 231, 277 Marshall, Thurgood, 286 merchant marine, 248, 283 smog, 381 Marx Brothers, 241 see also trade Spanish colonial period, 43 Marxism, 207 Merchants’ and Manufacturers’ unions, 203, 204–5 MASH (TV series), 301 Association (M&M), 204 water supply, 224–5, 242–3 Mason, Bridget “Biddy,” 128, 129 mercury (quicksilver), 98, 173, 382 women’s groups, 221 Mason, Richard B., 111, 390 Merriam, Frank F., 259, 391 during World War II, 272, 275–7 massacres, 92, 127, 149–50 Merritt, Ezekiel, 86 Los Angeles Basin, 161–2, 163–5, Master and Commander (2003), 352 mestizos, defi nition, 43 243–4 Master Plan for Higher Education in Methodism, 84, 182, 255 Los Angeles County, 336 California, A (1960), 308–9, 370 Metropolitan Water District of Los Angeles Times, 181, 204, 205, 214, material culture, 14–16, 21 Southern California, 307 345, 370, 378, 382 Mather Field, 270 Mexican Americans, 113, 124–5, 207, Lost River, 127 Matson Navigation Company, 298, 231, 276–7, 286 Low, Frederick F., 390 299 civil rights movement, 315, 316 Lowenthal, Abraham F., 379 Matthews, Glenna, 339 gangs, 336 Index 403

Mexican period (1821–46), 53–75, minorities see racism infl uence on public opinion, 259, 389–90 Mirriam, Frank, 258 302 Anglo settlers, 64–71 Mission de Asís, 43 MS (gang), 336 economy, 60–3, 71–2 see also San Francisco Muir, John, 179–80, 223–4 politics, 55–60, 73, 75 missions, 35–41, 42, 43, 44–5, 46, 163, mulattos, defi nition, 43 Mexican Petroleum Company, 167 165, 179 Mulholland, William, 243 Mexican War (1846–48), 83, 84–91 secularization, 37, 56–60 multiculturalism, 96–7, 359–65 Mexico Miwok, 13, 32–3 see also racism Californian infl uences on, 170–1, modernist architecture, 304, 350, 351 Murieta, Joaquín, 125 230, 277 Modoc Plateau, 4, 5 museums, 304, 350 fi libustering expeditions, 116, 117 Modocs, 127 music, 302, 304, 318 foreign policy, 83, 84–5 Mojave Desert, 4, 6, 7, 344 Musk, Elon, 376 migrant workers, 287, 288 Mojave people, 12, 18 Muslim Americans, 363 Spanish conquest, 27 Mono Lake, 343 Mussel Slough, Battle of (1880), trade with, 337, 379 Monroe Doctrine, 82 188–9 war of independence, 48 Monroy, Douglas, 60 Mutiny on the Bounty (1935), 241 water rights, 162, 243 Monterey Muybridge, Eadweard, 181 M.H. de Young Museum, 350 Manila galleon trade, 30 Micheltoreña, Manuel, 390 Mexican period, 57, 62 NAACP (National Association for the middle class, 220–2, 240, 255–6, Mexican War (1846–48), 81–3, Advancement of Colored 299–300, 328, 335, 345 88–9 People), 276 Midwinter International Exposition Spanish colonial period, 37, 42–3, NAFTA (North American Free Trade (1893–4), 175 45–6 Agreement), 337 Migrant Mother (photograph), 261, Monterey Bay, 49, 269 Nagoya (Japan), 348–9 262 exploration, 29, 35 Napa Valley, 86–8 migration, 10, 11 Monterey International Pop Festival Narrative of the United States birds and animals, 9 (1967), 318 Exploring Expedition (1845), 73 see also immigration Mooney, Thomas J., 234 Nash, Gerald D., 100–1 military, 42–3, 118, 234, 341, 383–4 morality, 44–5, 63–4, 124, 220–3, National Association for the during World War II, 269–70, 240–1, 300–1, 317–18, 327–8, Advancement of Colored People 280–1 364, 367 (NAACP), 276 see also wars Morehead, Joseph C., 116 Nationalist Clubs, 213–14 military governors, 55, 390 Moreno, Luisa, 257 Native Americans see Indians military-industrial complex, 269–76, Morgan, Julia, 255, 261 Native Sons of the Golden West, 229 282–3, 298, 346 Morning Chronicle (San Francisco), Naval Postgraduate School (NPS), 282 Milk, Harvey, 334–5 181 Navy, 80–4, 88–9, 117, 118, 230, 276, Miller & Lux Land and Cattle Moscone, George, 334–5 384 Company, 160 motels, 251 bases, 249, 256, 269, 270, 282 Miller, Henry, 303 Mother Lode, 98 neophytes (mission Indians), 39–41 Miller, John F., 153 Motion Picture Patents Company, 240 Neutra, Richard, 304–5 Mills, Billy, 314 motoring, 250–1 Neve, Felipe de, 43, 389 Mineta, Norman, 362 Mount Lassen, 5 New Almaden, 98, 173 minimum wage laws, 204, 218–19 Mount Shasta, 5 “new Argonauts,” 339 mining, 122 Mount Whitney, 5, 7 New Deal, 259–60 borax, 167–8 movie industry, 240–1, 290, 300–1, New England, 60, 66–9 environmental damage from, 98, 161 329, 351–2, 375 whaling industry, 174 Gold Rush, 8, 91–102, 161 discrimination against minorities, New Zealand (Aotearoa), 218, 375 mercury, 98, 173 230 immigration from, 97 404 Index

Newhall, 166 oil industry, 166–7, 247–8, 298, 341, food trade, 145, 164, 165–6, 171–3, Newkirk Center for Science and 344 175–6 Society (Irvine), 383 Okies, 257, 260, 261 fur trade, 41, 46–8 Newport Beach, 382 Olbés, Ramon, 39, 44 hide and tallow trade, 60–1, 71 newspapers, 91–2, 181 Old Coast Road (painting, 1916), 181 international rivalries, 34, 84, 135, infl uence on public opinion, 190, Old Spanish Trail, 63, 69, 95 142–3, 177, 227, 379 194, 204, 276–7, 333 Old Woman’s Gun, Battle of (1846), Manila galleon trade, 30–2, 33 infl uences on, 195 89 Pacifi c Garbage Patch, 382 Spanish-language, 125 Older, Fremont, 198 Pacifi c shift, 221, 295, 298–9, 337, Newton, Huey P., 314 Olin, Spencer, 216 356–86 Neylan, John Francis, 234 Olompali, Battle of (1846), 88 pre-contact period, 21–2 Ng, Dominic, 362 Olson, Culbert L., 234, 260, 391 steamship companies, 95–6, 121, Nicaragua, fi libustering expeditions, Olympic Games, 242, 301, 351 147–8, 151 117 Omnibus Bill (1850), 110 Pacifi c Coast Borax Company, 168 Nikkei see Japanese Americans On the Road (1959), 303 Pacifi c Coast Oil Company, 167 Nishi Hongwanji congregation (Los One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest Pacifi c Fleet (U.S. Navy), 384 Angeles), 255 (1962), 303 Pacifi c Flyway, 9 Nixon, Richard M., 290, 306, 326, Ontario (CA), 162 Pacifi c Gas and Electric (PG&E), 224, 327 opium-smoking, 141–2 244, 342, 344, 377 Noguchi, Isamu, 350 Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 273 Pacifi c Lumber Company, 343 Noort, Oliver van, 34 Orange County, 163, 286, 290, 300, Pacifi c Mail Steamship Company, Nordhoff, Charles, 140, 145–7, 169 316, 326, 327–8, 339, 349, 361, 95–6, 121, 134, 147–8, 151, 173, Norris, Frank, 178–9, 189 362, 382 202 North American Aviation, 275, 276 oranges, 163–5, 167 Pacifi c Northwest Indians, 18 North American Free Trade Ordóñez de Montalvo, Garcí, 27 Pacifi c Railroad Act (1862), 137–8, Agreement (NAFTA), 337 Oregon Trail, 95 195 Northern California, Oregon, and the Oren, Michael, 363 Pacifi c Rural Press, 206 Sandwich Islands (1874), 147 Ormiston, Kenneth, 254 Pacifi c Security Bank, 247 Northridge earthquake (1994), 348–9 Oroville Dam, 307, 308 Pacifi c Squadron (U.S. Navy), 80–4, Northwest Passage, 27 Orsi, Richard, 144 88–9, 117, 230 Norton Air Force Base, 270 O’Shaughnessy, Michael S., 242 Pacifi c State Telephone and Telegraph Noyce, Robert, 338 Otellini, Paul, 339 Company, 197 nuclear power stations, 344, 383 Otis, Harrison Gray, 204, 214, 225 Pacifi ca (statue), 262, 263 Nuestra Señora La Reina de Los Otis, James, 176 pacifi sm, 234 Angeles del Río Porcíuncula see overfi shing, 382 Padrés, José María, 57, 58 Los Angeles Overland California Mail Act (1857), Page, Larry, 339 Nueva Helvetia see Sutter’s Fort 134 Paiutes, 15 Núñez, Fabian, 368, 369 overland trails, 63, 69–70, 95 Palace Hotel, San Francisco, 199 nuts, 374 Owens River, 5 palm trees, 9 Owens Valley, 15, 224–5 Pan American Airlines, 251–2 Oakland, 248, 298, 314, 337, 363 Oxnard brothers, 165–6 Panama Canal, 92–3, 165, 233, 249, Obama, Barack, 373 379 Occidental and Oriental Steamship Pacheco, Romualdo, 390 Panama Pacifi c Exposition (1915), Company, 147–8, 202 pachucos, 277 233 Oceanic Steamship Company, 202 Pacifi c, 34–5, 41, 46–8, 60–3, 70–1, Panda Express Restaurant Group, O’Connell, Jock, 377 146–8, 232–3, 248–50 Inc., 362 Octopus, a Story of California (1901), container ships, 298–9, 378 Panetta, Leon, 380, 384 179 fl ight routes, 251–2 panning (mining technique), 97–8 Index 405

Pardee, George C., 391 Point Conception, 5 Pope, Andrew J., 173 Paris International Exposition (1898), Point Reyes Peninsula, 3, 33, 198 population growth, 169, 170, 284–5, 163 politics, 107–18, 148–55, 188–208, 307 Parker, Carlton, 165 252–4, 305–17, 323–53, 380 Port Chicago Naval Magazine, 276 Parker, Walter, 194, 216 civil rights movement, 309–17 Port Los Angeles, 191–2, 193, 232–3, parking lots, 250 and the Civil War, 110, 118–20 248–9, 337, 338, 377–9 Pasadena, 272 corruption, 190, 193–5, 197, Portolá, Gaspar de, 36, 37, 42, 389 patriarchy, 44–5, 63–4 198–201, 247–8, 369 poultry, 246 Pattie, James Ohio, 65 cross-fi ling, 219, 306 power outages, 344, 366 Paul Mirage School of Business discrimination against minorities, pre-school education, 220 (Irvine), 339–40 150–2, 227–31, 313–17 prehistory, 1–22 Peace and Freedom Party, 314 and economic regulation, 215, Prejudice: Japanese Americans, Pearl Harbor (2001), 352 216–20, 253, 331–3, 341–4 Symbol of Racial Intolerance Peirce, Henry A., 176 extremism, 234, 314, 326–7 (1944), 279 Pelosi, Nancy, 380 foreign policy, 80–1, 82, 84–7, presidios (forts), 42–3 Peninsular Ranges, 4, 6 90–1, 117, 176, 228, 282–4, 326, Prince Rupert (Canada), 379 pensions, 253, 259, 260 383–4 prior appropriation rights, defi nition, People’s Party, 194, 214 infl uence of media, 190, 194, 198, 160 Perez, Juan, 27 259, 333, 335, 342, 343 see also water Peripheral Canal, 307 infrastructure investment, 137–8, prisons, 349, 372 Perkins, George C., 390 193 pro-life movement, 328 Peru, 100 and labor unions, 196–7, 201–8, Progress and Poverty (1879), 178 pesticides, 333, 341 218, 257–8, 287–8 Progressive Era (1907–19), 211–36 petroleum industry, 166–7, 247–8, McCarthyism, 290–1, 309–10, 329 Progressive Party, 219, 244, 253 298, 341, 344 Mexican land claims, 110–12 Prohibition, 216, 220–3, 249–50, 253 Petrolia, 166 Mexican period, 55–60, 73, 75 Proposition 1A, 369 Phelan, James D., 196, 223 multiculturalism, 96–7, 359–65; Proposition 8, 369 Phelps, William D., 83 see also racism Proposition 13, 219, 333, 345, 370 Philippines, 28, 177 Pacifi c shift, 221, 347–9, 356–86 Proposition 20, 342 Phillips, Perry, 188 politics of limits, 327, 330–53 Proposition 25, 373 photographers, 181, 261 Progressive Era (1907–19), Proposition 98, 370 Pickett, J.C., 81 211–36 Proposition 140, 346 Pickford, Mary, 240 propositions (initiatives), 219, 333, Proposition 184, 349 Pico, Andrés, 90, 390 342, 345, 346–7, 369, 370, 373 Proposition 187, 347 Pico, Pío, 84, 88–9, 389, 390 recalls, 214, 219, 366–7 Proposition 209, 347 picture brides, 228, 229, 230 reform of, 198–201, 214–15, 216, prostitution, 100, 126, 223 Pilgrim (ship), 61, 62 219–20, 306, 346, 360–1, 367 prunes, 165 pines, 8 and religion, 197, 213–14, 306, 328, puberty rituals, 17 Pinochet, Augusto, 326, 365 363 public utilities, 196–7, 217–18, 244 Pinus longaeva, 8 student activists, 309–13, 327–8 Public Utilities Act (1911), 217–18 piracy, 30, 32, 34, 48–9, 66 and World War I, 233–5 pueblos, 43–4 plants, 8–9, 10–11 during World War II, 278–9 Punta Colonet (Mexico), 379 medicinal plants, 11, 20 Polk, James K., 84–5, 89, 90–1, 92 Purísima Concepción (mission), 38, plastic, 382 pollution, 7, 98, 341–3, 381 41 plate tectonics, 2–3 Polynesia, evidence for early cultural Playland (San Francisco), 241 contact, 21–2 Quakers (Society of Friends), 279 Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), 286 Pomo, 13, 15, 232 Quan, Jean, 363 poetry, 261, 302–3 ponderosa pine, 7 quicksilver (mercury), 98, 173, 382 406 Index racism, 100, 113–14, 120–8, 221, Red Light Abatement Act (1913), 223 Wheatland Riot, 207–8 275–82, 313–17, 328, 335–6 Red Scare, 290–1, 309–10, 329 Zoot Suit riots (1943), 277 affi rmative action, 333–4, 347 redlining, 313 riparian rights, defi nition, 160 against Chinese, 122–3, 140, 142, Redondo Beach, 226 see also water 148–52, 153–4, 202–3, 275 redwoods, 8, 66, 343, 382 rituals against Hispanics, 113, 124–5 referendums, 214, 219 coming-of-age ceremonies, 17 against Indians, 16 Regents of the University of California gift exchanges, 32–3 against Japanese, 206–7, 227–30, v. Bakke (1978), 334 pre-contact period, 15, 17, 18 277–82 religion, 84, 254–5, 306 Spanish possession ceremonies, 29, Spanish colonial period, 43 anti-abortion movement, 328 33 radio, 254, 360, 373 Buddhism, 255, 303 Rivera y Moncada, Fernando, 36, 41, Radio-Keith-Orpheum, 300 Chinese Americans, 141, 149, 255 389 radiocarbon dating, 10 and higher education, 182 rivers, 5, 6 Railroad Commission, 153, 195, 197, Hinduism, 255 Robert E. Peary (ship), 271 217 Indian beliefs, 15, 16–18, 232 Roberts, Frederick M., 230 railroads, 134–46, 167, 168–9, 170, Islam, 363 Roberts, Sam, 113 308, 369, 371 Manifest Destiny, 100, 111 Robinson, Alfred, 61 anti-railroad protests, 188–90 missions, 35–41, 44–5, 46 rock art, 15 funding, 193–5 Sikhs, 231 Rodia, Simon, 261 Panamanian Isthmus, 93 Taoism, 303 roller coasters, 241–2 Rain of Gold (1992), 207 relocation centers, 278–82 Rolph, James, Jr., 253, 391 Raines, G.J., 127 Report on the Conditions and Needs of Romer, Christine, 380 rainfall, 7 the Mission Indians , 179 Roméu, José Joaquín de, 389 Raker Act (1913), 224 Republican Party, 120, 194, 196, Roney, Frank, 203 Ramirez, Francisco, 125 215–16, 222, 234–5, 252–4, 259, Roopnarine, Peter, 381 Ramírez, Zeferino, 231 288–9, 305–6, 347, 360–1, 366 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 154, 243, 259, Ramona (1884), 170, 179 governors, 390 278, 279 ranch-style architecture, 305 research institutions, 247, 272–4, 283, Roosevelt, Theodore, 198, 224, 228 rancheros, 56, 60, 63–4, 111–12 287–8, 297, 337, 338, 339–40, Ross, Fred, 286 ranchos, 42, 60 366, 372 roundhouses, 14–15 Rand, Ayn, 345–6 reservoirs, 223–4 Rowell, Chester H., 215, 279 RAND Corporation, 283 restaurants, 300, 304–5, 362 Rowland, John, 69 Raousset-Boulbon, Gaston de, 116 Reynolds v. Sims (1964), 306 Roybal, Edward, 286 Rappe, Virginia, 240–1 Rezanov, Nikolai Petrovich, 47 Royce, Josiah, 179 Raymond, G.A., 198 rice farming, 228, 246 Royko, Mike, 333 Reagan, Ronald W., 290, 317, 323, Rice Growers Association of Ruef, Abraham “Boss,” 196–7, 328–31, 333, 342, 346, 351, 391 California, 246 199–201 real estate, 170–1 Richardson, Friend W., 253, 391 Ruiz de Burton, Maria Amparo, 179 Rebel Without a Cause (1955), 300 Richardson, William, 114 Rumford Fair Housing Act (1963), rebellions Richmond, 270–1, 274 314, 328, 331 Bear Flag Revolt (1846), 85–8, 112 Ricketts, Edward F., 260 Russell, Andrew J., 143 Indian rebellions, 40–1, 56–8, Ridge, John Rollin, 125 Russian American Company (RAC), 126–7 Riles, Wilson, 335 47–8 see also Civil War (1861–65) Riley, Bennett, 107, 390 Russo-Japanese War (1904–5), 233 recalls, 214, 219, 366–7 Ring of Fire, 2–3, 5, 348 Ryan, T. Claude, 251–2 recessions, 332, 336, 346, 347–9, 372, riots, 314, 326, 335 384–5 anti-Chinese riots, 149–51 sabotage, 234, 278, 281 recycling, 362 squatters’ riots, 111 Sackman, Douglas, 163 Index 407

Sacramento Bee, 206, 207 public transportation system, 168, Santa Cruz, 241 Sacramento River, 6 308 Santa Fe Railroad, 167, 170, 191 Sacramento Valley, 341 school segregation, 227–8 Santa Fe Trail, 95 agriculture, 163, 206, 244 Spanish colonial period, 43 Santa Monica, 191, 242, 283, 382 Mexican War, 86–8 strategic importance, 177, 221, Saroyan, William, 261 during World War II, 270 232–3, 248 Sartori, Joseph, 247 Sacred Expedition (1769), 36–7, 42 strikes, 196, 257–9 Sasaki, Hideo, 304 Sailors’ Union of the Pacifi c (SUP), unions, 202–4 Sausalito, 270, 272 202 water supply, 5, 223–4, 242 Savio, Mario, 310, 311, 327–8 Salk Institute, 339 whaling industry, 9, 72, 174 Saxenian, AnnaLee, 339 salmon, 9, 175 women’s groups, 221 Saxton, Alexander, 148 same-sex marriage, 369 San Francisco Bay, 6, 174, 269, 270–2 scalping, 18, 127 San Andreas Fault, 3, 198 San Francisco Chronicle, 366 Schmitz, Eugene, 197, 201, 228 San Bernardino, 270 San Francisco Examiner, 181, 258–9, Schmitz, John, 326 San Blas (Mexico), 41 279 Schoefi eld, John M., 176 San Carlos Borromeo (Monterey), 37, San Francisco Labor Council (SFLC), Schumacher, E.F., 331 42 203 Schwarzenegger, Arnold, 214, 366–9, San Diego, 249 San Francisco Lumber Company, 173 370, 371, 391 aviation industry, 298 San Francisco Peace Treaty (1952), Schwendinger, Robert J., 202 colonization, 36–7 284 Scott, Thomas A., 166 culture, 304 San Francisco State College, 309–10, Screen Writers’ Guild, 290 economy, 170, 272, 377, 378–9 312–13 Scripps College, 261 exploration, 28, 34 San Francisco State University, 317 Scripps, Ellen Browning, 256 Manila galleon trade, 30 San Francisco Yacht Club, 379 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Mexican War (1846–48), 83, 89, San Gabriel, Battle of (1847), 90 273–4 90 San Joaquin River, 6 sculpture, 262, 263, 350 naval bases, 248–9, 270, 384 San Joaquin Valley, 341 scurvy, 32, 163 during World War II, 272 agriculture, 163, 179, 244, 246, 307 Sea of Cortez, The (1941), 260–1 San Diego de Alcalá (mission), 36, 38, Indian rebellions, 56–7 sea level, rise in, 381–2 40 oil industry, 247 sea otter, 9, 41, 46–7, 48 San Diego Gas and Electric, 383 railroads, 144 Seale, Bobby G., 314 San Diego State University, 177 San José (Ca.), 43, 144 seamen, 146, 148, 201–3 San Diego Zoo, 302 San Juan Capistrano, 38, 49, 49 secessionists, 118, 120 San Fernando Valley, 225, 300 San Marino, 326, 362 Section of the Grizzly Giant San Francisco San Miguel Bay, 28 (photograph, c.1866), 181 Chinese immigrants, 121, 122–4, see also San Diego secularism, 37 150–2, 198, 256 San Miguel Island, 29 Security Council (United Nations), culture, 241, 302–4, 318, 319, 350 San Onofre, 344 284 earthquakes, 3, 197–201, 222 San Pasqual, 90 Segerstrom, Renée and Henry, 350 expositions, 175, 232, 233, 262, 263 San Pedro, 191–2, 193, 232–3, 248–9 Segovia, Josepha, 113 gay men and lesbians, 317, 335 Sandwich Islands see Hawai’i segregation, 227–8, 275–6, 314 geology, 3, 6 Sanitary Commission, 118 Self-Realization Fellowship (Los hide and tallow trade, 61 Santa Ana, 270 Angeles), 255 law and order, 112–13, 114, 334–5 Santa Ana (ship), 31, 32 Semple, Robert B., 107 Mexican War (1846–48), 88, 91 Santa Ana winds, 6–7, 20 senators, 110, 115–16, 235 milling industry, 171 Santa Barbara Channel, 20, 29, 341 Sequoia sempervirens, 8 politics, 111, 195–201, 221, 222, Santa Catalina Island, 28, 192, 250 Sequoiadendron giganteum, 8 234, 284, 363 Santa Clara Valley, 165, 298, 333 Sergas de Esplandián, Las (1510), 27 408 Index serpentine (rock), 5 Sinarquistas, 277 Southern Pacifi c Railroad, 139, 143–6, Serra, Junípero, 36–7 Sinclair, Upton, 259 170, 178–9, 188–9, 191, 193–5, Sespe Oil Company, 166 Sister Cities International, 348 199, 215, 216, 222 settlers, 66–72 sit-ins, 310 Southern Pacifi c Railroad v. Pierpont Settlers’ Grand League, 188–9 Sitka (Alaska), 47 Orton (1879), 189 Severance, Caroline Maria, 222 “Six Companies,” 123 Southland, 169–71, 339–40 Severson, John, 302 Slater, Kelly, 351 agriculture, 163–5, 206–8 Seward, William Henry, 135 slavery, 18, 108, 110, 115–16, 127–8 automobiles, 250–1 sexism, 274, 337–8 of Indians, 126 irrigation, 162, 242–4, 307–8 sexuality, 220–3 Sleepy Lagoon murder (1942), labor unions, 204–8 homosexuality, 285, 303, 313, 317, 276–7 Mexican period, 57–8 335, 369 Slidell, John, 84 politics, 214–15, 253–4 Mexican period, 63–4 Sloat, John D., 88, 390 race relations, 125, 313 pro-life movement, 328 Slouching Towards Bethlehem (1968), taxation, 108, 112 prostitution, 100 303–4 during World War II, 269 Spanish colonial period, 44–5 Small is Beautiful: Economics as if Space Exploration Technologies Corp Shaler, William, 46–7 People Mattered (1973), 331 (SpaceX), 376–7 shamanism, 17, 18, 232 Smile Southern California, You’re the space industries, 333, 376–7 Shannon, William E., 108 Center of the Universe (2009), see also aviation industry Shasta, 13, 17, 18 378 Spanish–American–Cuban–Filipino Shasta Dam, 244 Smith, Francis Marion “Borax,” 168 War (1898–1902), 176–7 Shell Oil Company, 247 Smith, Jedediah, 64–5 Spanish colonial period (1542–1821), Shenandoah (ship), 119–20 Smith, Persifor F., 390 35–50 Sherman Indian High School, 364 Smith, William E., 218 exploring expeditions, 27–35 shipbuilding, 173–4, 270–2, 274, 275, smog, 7, 341–2, 381 governors, 389 283, 298–9 smuggling, 62, 249–50 missions, 35–41, 42, 43, 44–5, 46, Shipowners’ Association, 202 soccer, 350 56–60, 163, 165 shipping routes, 92–7, 147–8, 164 social democracy, 178–9, 211 Spanish-speaking Americans see see also trade Social Network, The (2010), 376 Hispanic Americans Shirley, Dame (Louise Clappe), 100 Social Security Act (1935), 259 Spirit of St. Louis (aircraft), 251 Shorey, William T., 174 socialism, 207, 213–14, 234, 259 spiritual enlightenment, 255, 318 Shoshone, 14 society see also religion Shriver, Maria, 367 Mexican period, 63–4 sports, 226, 301–2, 350–1, 379–80 Shuler, Robert P., 255 mining camps, 97–100 Olympic Games, 242, 301, 351 sickness see disease pre-contact period, 18 Spreckels, Claus, 165–6 Sidewalk Ordinance (San Francisco, Spanish colonial period, 44–5 Spreckels, John D., 170, 202 1870), 150–1 Society of Friends (Quakers), 279 Spreckels, Rudolph, 198 Sierra Club, 180, 223–4, 341 Solá, Pablo Vicente de, 49, 389 Squatter and the Don, The (1885), 179 Sierra Nevada, 4, 5, 108, 179–80 solar power, 344, 377 squatters, 111–12, 188–9 overland trails, 69–70 Solar POWER-GEN & Renewable Squaw Valley Winter Olympics railroads, 136 Energy World Conference & (1960), 301 Signal Hill, 247 Expo (Long Beach, 2012), 377 Stackpole, Ralph, 262 Sikhs, 231 Solis, Hilda L., 380 Standard Oil Company, 167, 247 Silicon Valley, 283, 338–40, 341 Solyndra, 377 Stanford, Leland, 120, 137, 142, Silliman, Benjamin, 166 Sonora (Mexico), 116, 117 144–5, 189, 390 silver, 30 Sons of Samoa (gang), 336 Stanford Report, 385 Simon, William, 366 Southard, Samuel L., 80 Stanford University, 182, 274, 283, Simpson, Nicole (wife of O.J.), 335 Southern California Railway, 167 312, 338 Index 409

Starr, Kevin, 240, 244, 250, 307, 349 suburbs, 284–5, 299–300 terranes, defi nition, 2 state capital, 110 sugar, 165–6, 175–6 terrorism, 188, 205, 234, 314, 363 state legislature, 107–10, 152–3, 195, sugar pine, 8 Terry, David S., 115–16, 120 253, 307–9 “Summer of Love,” 318, 319 Texas, 85 accountability, 214, 218, 219–20 Sunkist see California Fruit Growers’ Thayer, Sam, 141 environmental policies, 341–4 Exchange Thée, Étienne, 165 Fact-Finding Committee on SunPower, 377 theme parks, 302, 375–6 Un-American Activities, 290–1 supermarkets, 251 Think Long Committee, 385 health care, 289, 330 Supreme Court (U.S.), 195, 281, 286, Thompson, Alpheus B., 70–1 higher education policy, 181–2, 306, 310, 334 Thousand Oaks, 339 308–9, 330, 333, 370 surfi ng, 226, 301–2, 318, 351, 382 Tien, Chang-Lin, 363 and Indians, 126 sustainability, 10–12, 16–17, 341–4 Tijuana (Mexico), 170 infrastructure investment, 138 see also environment tiki architecture, 304–5 language policy, 107–8, 152 Sutro, Adolph, 194 Time of Your Life, The (1939), 261 propositions (initiatives), 219, 333, Sutter, John A., 67–9, 87, 91 timelines, 2, 25–6, 53–4, 78–9, 106–7, 342 Sutter’s Fort, 68–9, 86 133–4, 158–9, 187, 212–13, 239, reform of, 306 sweathouses, 15 268–9, 296–7, 324–5, 357–8 welfare programs, 330, 349 Swing-Johnson Bill (1922), 243 Titanic (1997), 352 State Normal School (San Diego State Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA), Todd Shipyards, 298–9 University), 177 314 toll roads, 345 State Water Resources Control Board, Tolman, Edward C., 291 342 Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, 343 Tolman v. Underhill (1952), 291 steamship companies, 95–6, 121, Taiwan, 337, 338, 340 toloache cult, 17 147–8, 151, 173, 202 tallow industry, 60–1, 71 tomol (plank canoe), 20, 21–2 Steamshipmen’s Protective Union, Tang, Donald, 362 tongs, 123 202 Taniguchi, Nancy J., 65 Topanga Canyon, 318 Stearns, Abel, 66–7, 107 Taoism, 303 topography, 3, 4, 27–8 Steffens, Lincoln, 214–15 tattoos, 15 Tortilla Flat (1935), 260 Steinbeck, John, 260–1 taxation, 108, 112, 152–3, 219, 253, Tour of California, 351 Stephens, William D., 234, 235, 253, 259, 288, 289, 307, 308, 330–1, Touring Topics (magazine), 251 391 333, 345–6, 370, 373 Towne, Alban N., 145 Stetson–Eshleman Bill (1911), 217 foreign miners’ license, 96 Townsend Plan, 259 Stewart, Lyman, 166 port duties, 62 Toypurina, 44 Stilwell, Joseph, 269 vehicle licenses, 366, 367–8 tract housing, 284–5, 299–300 Stockton, Robert F., 89, 90, 390 Technocracy movement, 259–60 trade, 34–5, 41, 46–8, 60–3, 70–1, Stoneman, George, 390 technology, 283, 338–40, 341, 349, 146–8, 232–3, 248–50, 337, 377 Strategic Growth Plan, 371 375–7 containerization, 298–9, 378 Street Wars: Gangs and the Future of green technology, 343–4, 366, 377 food trade, 145, 164, 165–6, 171–3, Violence (2004), 336 pre-contact period, 14–16 175–6 strikes, 142, 148, 196, 203, 204–5, 206, telegraph, 137–8, 142 fur trade, 41, 46–8 257–9, 315 Telegraph Hill, 247 hide and tallow trade, 60–1, 71 arbitration, 218 television, 301, 335, 360 international rivalries, 34, 84, 135, Strobridge, James H., 140, 142 temperature, averages, 7 142–3, 177, 227, 379 Strong, Daniel W., 136 Ten Commandments, The (1923), 241 Manila galleon trade, 30–2, 33 Stuart, James, 113 Tenney, Jack B., 290–1 Pacifi c shift, 377–9 students, political activism, 309–13, tennis, 351 pre-contact period, 21–2 327–8, 363 Teraoka, Mesami, 350 steamship companies, 95–6, 121, subduction process (geology), 3, 5 Terminator, The (1984), 367 147–8, 151 410 Index

Trader Joe’s, 305 ultra-marathons, 7 U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838–42), Trader Vic’s, 304–5 Unbound Feet: A Social History of 72–5 Trades’ Assembly (San Francisco), 203 Chinese Women in San Francisco U.S. Supreme Court see Supreme transcultural lifestyles, 338, 362 (1995), 256 Court (U.S.) Transformers 3: Dark of the Moon unemployment, 244, 256, 257, 313, utility companies, 161, 196–7 (2011), 375 332, 348 transportation and racism, 148–52 Vallejo, Mariano Guadalupe, 85, aviation industry, 251–2 Union Labor Party (ULP), 196–7 86–7, 91, 107, 125 highways, 37, 39, 289, 308, 370–1 Unión Nacional Sinarquista, 277 Vancouver, George, 47 maritime routes, 92–7, 121, 147–8, Union Oil Company, 166–7, 341 Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 117 171–5, 377–9 Union Pacifi c Railroad, 142, 195 vegetables, 145, 246 overland trails, 63, 69–70, 95 Union Party, 390 vehicle license fees, 366, 367–8 railroads, 134–46, 163, 164, 167, unions see labor movements Venice (Los Angeles), 226, 241–2 170, 308 United Farm Workers Organizing Vernal Fall (photograph, c.1858), roads, 250–1, 382 Committee, 315 181 Transverse Ranges, 4, 6 United Farm Workers Union, 331 Victoria, Manuel, 57, 389 trappers, 64–6 United Nations, 284 Vietnam, immigration from, 316, Travis Air Force Base, 269 United Railroads of San Francisco, 336, 361 Treasure Island, 262, 269 197, 199–200 Vietnam War (1955–75), 301, 312, Treasure Island (1934), 241 universities, 179, 181–2, 220, 289, 315, 316, 328 treasure ships, 30–2 291, 317, 345, 370, 385 Vietnamese Americans, 362 Treaty of Guadalupe–Hidalgo (1848), affi rmative action, 333–4 vigilantes, 112–14, 124, 150 90–1, 108, 111 civil rights movement, 309–13 Vignes, Luis, 165 trees, 8–9, 163–4, 382 research, 247, 272–4, 283, 287–8, Villa de Branciforte, 43–4 effect of pollution on, 7 297, 337, 338, 339–40, 366, Villanueva, Daniel D., 360 management, 11–12, 343 372 Villaraigosa, Antonio, 378, 381 Trinity Methodist Church (Los University of California, Berkeley, Villaseñor, Victor, 207 Angeles), 255 179, 181–2, 247, 273–4, 289, viticulture, 165, 297, 315, 374–5 Trinity River, 5 309–12, 363, 370 Vizcaíno, Sebastian, 20, 34–5 Tropic of Cancer (1934), 303 University of California, Davis, 297, Vladivostok (Russia), 172 trout, 9 334 volcanoes, 5 Truckee River, 69 University of California, Irvine, von Karman, Theodore, 272 True Believer, The (1951), 327 339–40, 363, 383 Voorhis, Jerry, 290 Truman, Harry S., 284 University of California, Los Angeles, voting, 108, 220–2, 310, 315 tsunamis, 3 220, 309, 312, 370 reform of, 213 tule boats, 14 University of California, San Diego, voting rights, 310 Tule Lake Relocation Center, 279–80 337, 339, 370 Tuolumne River, 242 University of California, San Waddell, James, 120 Turner and Eckley, 174 Francisco, 339 wagon trains, 69–70, 95 Twain, Mark, 178 University of California, Santa Wakefi eld, Lucy Stoddard, 99 Twenty-Mule Team Borax, 168 Barbara, 312 Walker, Joseph Reddeford, 66 Twin Towers, attack on (9/11), 363 University of San Francisco, 337 Walker, William, 117 Two Years Before the Mast (1840), 61 Unruh Civil Rights Act (1959), Wallace, Albert J., 216 Typographical Union, 204 313–14 Walt Disney Concert Hall (Los Unruh, Jesse M., 306 Angeles), 350, 351 UCLA see University of California, Upshur, Abel P., 80 War Relocation Authority, 279 Los Angeles Ursus californicus, 9 Warren, Earl F., 288–9, 305, 326, Ulloa, Francisco de, 27 U.S. Borax Incorporated, 168 391 Index 411 wars wetlands, conservation of, 342–3 lesbians, 285, 313, 317, 369 Civil War (1861–65), 118–20 whaling industry, 9, 71–2, 174 middle class, 220–2, 255–6 Korean War (1950–53), 301 wheat and wheat fl our, 162–3, in mining camps, 99–100 Latin American wars of 171–3 mission Indians (neophytes), 40, independence, 48–9, 56 Wheatland Riot (1913), 207–8 44, 45 Mexican War (1846–48), 83, 84–91 White, Daniel, 334–5 property rights, 108 pre-contact period, 18, 20 White, Stephen M., 191 prostitution, 100, 126, 223 Russo-Japanese War (1904–5), “white gold” see borax mining in rancho society, 63–4 233 White Mountains, 5 voting, 108, 220–2, 365 Spanish–American–Cuban– white supremacists, 150, 230, 240, 336 working class, 256 Filipino War (1898–1902), Whitman, Margaret Cushing, 372–3 working conditions, 165, 204, 218, 176–7 Whitney, Asa, 134–5, 140 219, 317 Vietnam War (1955–75), 301, 312, Whitney, Charlotte Anita, 234 Women’s Christian Temperance 315, 316, 328 Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? Union, 220–1 World War I (1914–18), 233–5 (1966), 300 Women’s Sanitation Committee, World War II (1939–45), 267–87 Wild One, The (1953), 300 222 water, 5, 6, 160–2, 342–3 wildfi res, 6–7 Wong, Gilbert, 363 engineering projects, 7, 162, 223–6, wildlife, 9, 73 Wong Shee Chan, 256 242–4, 245, 287, 307–8, 341 Wilkes Expedition (1838–42), Woodford, Jeanne, 372 hydraulic mining, 98, 99 72–5 Woods, “Tiger,” 351 hydroelectric projects, 161–2, 169, Williams, Serena, 351 Woodworth, Selim, 124 223–4, 242, 244 Williams, Venus, 351 workers’ compensation, 218, 349 Water Quality Monitoring Council, Wilmington (CA), 192 working class, 256 381 Wilshire Boulevard, 250–1 working conditions, 196–7 Water Resources Control Board, 343 Wilson, Benjamin D., 69 agricultural workers, 165, 207–8, Water Resources Development Bond Wilson, Peter “Pete,” 341, 344, 347–9, 257, 315, 333, 341 (1959), 307–8 391 maritime industries, 146, 148, waterfowl, migration, 9 Wilson, Woodrow, 224, 234 201–3, 258 Waterman, Robert W., 390 wind-generated electricity, 344 mining camps, 97–100 Waters, Maxine, 335 wind patterns, 6–7, 20 railroad construction, 141–2 Watkins, Carlton, 181 wine-making, 165, 297, 315, 374–5 during World War II, 271, 272 Watts (Los Angeles), 314, 326 Winter Olympics (Squaw Valley, Workingmen’s Party, 151–2, 153, 188, Watts Towers (Los Angeles), 261 1960), 301 203 Wayne, John, 327 Winters, Aaron and Rosie, 167 Workman, William, 69 Weber, David J., 27 Wintun, 18 Works Project Administration, 259 wedge politics, 346–7 Witch Creek fi re (2007), 6–7 World Affairs Council, 284 Weinberg, Jack, 310–11 Wobblies see Industrial Workers of World War I (1914–18), 233–5 Welch, Robert W., Jr., 326 the World (IWW) World War II (1939–45), 267–87 welfare programs, 330 Wolfskill, William, 163 Wozniak, Stephen, 338 Weller, John B., 112, 390 women, 241, 255–6, 337–8 Wright Irrigation Act (1887), 160–1 Wells, Ted, 262 agricultural workers, 165 Wendt, William, 181 and automobiles, 250 Yahoo! Inc., 340 West Coast Training Center (Marine birth control and abortion, 256, Yamazaki, Akiko, 340 Corps), 270 328 Yana people (Yahi), 13, 19, 127 West Side Story (1961), 300 factory workers, 175, 204, 274–5 Yang, Jerry, 340 Western Emigration Society, 69 higher education, 182, 338 Yee, Leland, 363 Westminster (Orange County), 286 in Indian culture, 15, 17, 18 Yerba Buena, 61, 73, 75, 88, 91 Westways (magazine), 251 in knowledge economy, 338, 339 see also San Francisco 412 Index

Yogananda, Paramahansa, 255 Younger, Evelle, 332 Zamorano, Agustín Vicente, 57, Yosemite Valley, 5, 66, 146, 180, 181, youth culture, 300, 327–8 390 343 Yumas, 12, 18, 40–1, 42–3, 65 Zen, 304, 331 Young, Clement C., 234, 253, 391 Yung, Judy, 256 Zoot Suit riots (1943), 277 Young, Ewing, 65 Yurok, 13, 14, 15 Zuckerberg, Mark, 376