Index 18th Amendment (1919), 223 1906 San Francisco earthquake, 3, 197–201, 222 1913 Humboldt Bay tsunami, 3 9/11 terrorist attacks, 363 abalone hunters, 175 Agricultural Labor Relations Act Alameda Naval Base, 256 aborigines see Indians (1975), 331–2 Alamo Canal, 162 abortion, 45, 328 Agricultural Workers’ Organizing Alaska, 18, 27, 47, 278 academic freedom, 291 Committee (AWOC), 315 Alaska Commercial Company, 175 Achomawi, 13, 17 agriculture, 160–6, 167, 297, 374–5, Alberni, Pedro de, 389 acorns, 10–11 377–8 alcoholism, 220–1, 364 Adams, Ansel, 261 fi eld hands, 121, 165, 206–8, 227, Alexander, David, 192 Adams, John Quincy, 85 231, 257, 287, 315, 331, 341 Alien Land Act (1913), 228 Aerocraft Heat Treating, 283 irrigation, 7, 160–2, 224–5, 242–4, All-American Canal, 243 Aerojet-General, 298 287 Allende, Isabel, 125, 364–5 aerospace industries, 251–2, 272, pesticides, 333, 341 Allende, Salvador, 365 275–6, 283, 298, 333 Spanish colonial period, 41 Alta California, 28–30, 35–46 affi rmative action, 333–4, 347 Agriculture, Mining, and Mechanical alternative energy, 343–4, 366, 377 African Americans, 363 Arts College, 181 Alvarado, Juan Bautista, 56, 68, 82, citizenship rights, 108, 310 COPYRIGHTEDsee also universities MATERIAL390 discrimination against, 127–8, 230, Ahmanson, Howard, 299–300 American Federation of Labor 275–6, 285, 313–14, 328, 335 Air Force, 269, 270, 283 (AF of L), 201, 274 seamen, 174 air quality, 7, 341–2, 381 American Federation of Labor- during World War II, 275–6 Air Resources Board, 332, 342 Congress of Industrial agribusiness, 162–6, 244–7, 287–8 aircraft manufacturing, 251–2, 272, Organizations (AFL-CIO), 287, refrigerated transportation, 145, 275–6, 283, 298 315 164 Alameda Corridor, 378–9 American Indians see Indians Pacifi c Eldorado: A History of Greater California, First Edition. Thomas J. Osborne. © 2013 Thomas J. Osborne. Published 2013 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Index 393 American Legion, 229 Asian Indians, 207 Bay Area Rapid Transit District American Lung Association, 381 Asiatic Exclusion League, 227 (BART), 308 American military rule (1846–49), Asing, Norman, 123–4 beach culture, 226, 241–2, 301–2, 318, 390 Asisara, Lorenzo, 39 382 American River, 91–2 Aspinwall, William H., 93, 95–6 Beale, Edward F., 92, 126 America’s Cup race, 379 Associated Farmers, 257 Beals, Elvina, 219 Amgen, Inc., 339 Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Bear Flag Revolt (1846), 85–8, 112 amusement parks, 241–2, 302, 375–6 Railroad, 145 “Beats,” 302–3 Angel Island Immigration Station Atherton, Gertrude, 180–1 beaver, 9 (San Francisco), 227, 229–30 atom bomb, 273 beaver trappers, 64–6 Angelides, Phil, 368, 372 Austin, Mary, 179 Bechtel, Kenneth and Stephen, 272, Anián, Strait of see Northwest Passage Australia, 8, 162, 213, 375, 384 274 animals, 9, 73 Australian Gold Rush (1851), 97 Becker, William, 314 (Anson) Burlingame Treaty (1868), Automobile Club, 251 Beckman, Arnold O., 327 153 automobiles, 250–1, 382 Beechey, Frederick W., 58 Anthropology (1923), 19 autopia, defi nition, 250 beet sugar, 165–6 anti-abortion movement, 328 Avatar (2009), 375 Bell, Theodore, 216 anti-Communist crusade, 290–1 aviation industry, 251–2, 272, 275–6, Bellamy, Edward, 213–14 anti-imperialism, 147 283, 298 Bendixon, Hans, 174 anti-labor movements, 204 Ayn Rand Institute, 346 Benecia, 174 Anti-Saloon League, 216 Ayres, Ed Duran, 276 Benton, Thomas Hart, 85, 135 Anza, Juan Bautista de, 42–3 Azusa, 298 Berengia ice bridge, 10 Apple Computers, 338, 376 Berggruen, Nicolas, 385 aqueducts, 5, 7, 224–5, 243–4 Badwater ultra-marathon, 7 Berkeley, George, 181 Arab Americans, 363 Baja California, 3, 6, 27 Berkeley (UC Berkeley) see University Arbuckle, Roscoe “Fatty,” 240–1 infl uences on, 170–1, 230, 277 of California, Berkeley architecture, 261–2, 304–5, 350 Baja Studios, 352 Bernal, Josefa, 45 pre-contact period, 14–15 Bakke, Allan, 334 Bidwell, John, 69, 91, 163 “Argonauts” (forty-niners), 92–7, 339 Ballard, Rochelle, 351 Bierce, Ambrose, 178, 194 Argüello, Concepción, 47 Bancroft, Hubert Howe, 177, 179 “Big Four,” 136–7, 138–40, 144, 190, Argüello, José, 389 Bank of America, 247 194–5 Argüello, Luis, 389 Bank of Italy (Bank of America), see also Central Pacifi c Railroad Arkies, 257, 260, 261 247 Big Sur, 261, 301, 303, 318 Arlington Woman, 10 banks, 195, 246–7, 313, 362 Bigler, John, 123, 125, 390 Army, 118, 269–70, 279, 280–1, 383–4 Banning, Phineas, 166, 191, 192 bilingualism, 107–8, 152 Air Corps, 275 Bard, Thomas R., 166 Billings, Warren K., 234 Air Force, 269, 270, 283 barrios, 286 biotechnology, 339–40, 366, 377 Arnold, Henry, 272 Bartleson, John, 69 Bird, Rose Elizabeth, 331–2 Arrillaga, José Joaquín de, 47, 389 Bartlett, Washington A., 91, 390 birds, migration, 9 Arroyo Seco Parkway, 308 baseball, 301, 350, 351 Birgenau, Robert, 370 arts, 181, 304–5, 350 Basin and Range region, 4 birth control, 256 pre-contact period, 15 Basket Woman, The (1904), 179 Birth of a Nation, The (fi lm, 1915), Aryan Brotherhood, 336 basketball, 301, 350, 351 230, 240 Arzner, Dorothy, 241 basketry, 15 “black gold” see oil industry Ashley, Raymond, 30 Bates, George, 272 Black Panthers, 314 Asian Americans, 315–16, 361–3 Battle of the Old Woman’s Gun Bliven, Bruce, 250, 253–4 see also Chinese Americans; (1846), 89 Bloods (gang), 336 Japanese Americans Bay Area, 270–2, 308, 314 Bluebelt Coalition, 383 394 Index Boardwalk (Santa Cruz), 241 Buffum, Edward G., 99 California Maritime Academy, 248 boat-making, 14, 21 Building Trades Council (San California Star (newspaper), 91–2 see also shipbuilding Francisco), 203 California State Lands Commission, Bodega Bay, 47–8 Bullocks Wilshire department store, 381–2 Bodega y Quadra, Juan Francisco, 27 250–1 California Teachers’ Association, body painting, 15 bungalows, 261 365–6 Boeke, Al, 304 Burdette, Clara, 221 California Trail, 70, 95 Bojórquez, Charles “Chaz,” 350 Bureau of Indian Affairs, 317 Californian (newspaper), 91–2 Bolden, Charles, 376–7 Burke, Yvonne, 335 Californians, The (1898), 180–1 Bolsa Chica Land Trust, 343 Burlingame Treaty (1868), 153 Californios bomb attacks, 205, 234 Burnett, Peter H., 109, 390 1849 constitutional convention Bonneville, Benjamin, 66 Burns, William J., 198 delegates, 107 Booth, Newton, 390 Burns–Porter Act (1959), 307–8 citizenship rights, 108 borax mining, 167–8 Bustamente, Anastacio, 65 discrimination against, 124–5 Borica, Diego de, 40, 43, 389 Butterfi eld Overland Express land ownership, 110–12, 179 Botts, Charles T., 108 Company, 134 Mexican period, 58, 60, 63–4 Bouchard, Hippolyte de, 48–9, 66 see also Hispanic Americans Boulder Canyon Project Act (1928), cable cars, 168 Call of the Wild, The (1903), 179 243 Cabrillo, Juan Rodríguez, 28–30 Caltech, 272, 283 Boulder Dam, 242–3 Cahuenga Pass, Battle of (1831), 57 Cambodia, 336 Boxer, Barbara, 365, 373 Calhoun, Patrick, 199 Cameron, James, 375 braceros, 287, 288 California: A Study of American Camino Real (King’s Highway), 37, Bradley, Tom, 314, 335 Character (1886), 179 38, 221 Brannan, Sam, 91, 113, 117 California and Hawaiian Sugar Camp Pendleton, 270, 384 Brewer, William, 98, 127 Refi ning Company (C and H), Camp Stoneman, 269 Bridges, Harry, 258 166 Canby, Edward, 127 Brin, Sergey, 339 California-Asia Business Council cancer-causing substances bristlecone pine, 8 (Cal-Asia), 361–2 (carcinogens), 341, 342 Britain see Great Britain California Central Valley Act (1933), Canfi eld, Charles, 167 Brockovich, Erin, 342 244 Cannery and Agricultural Workers Broderick, David C., 115–16 California Coastal Act (1976), 342–3 Industrial Union (CAWIU), Brotherhood of Eternal Love, 318 California condor, 9 257 Brown, Adelaide, 255–6 California Conservation Corps, 332 canning industry, 165, 175, 246, 257 Brown, Edmund G. “Jerry,” Jr., 331–4, California Dream Act (2006), 369, Cannon, Lou, 331 342, 344, 372, 373, 391 373 canoes, 14, 20, 21–2 Brown, Edmund G. “Pat,” 305–6, California Energy Commission, 344 Canton (China), 46–7, 48 307–9, 313, 317, 318, 391 California Environmental Quality Act emigration from, 121, 150 Brown, Kathleen, 349 (1970), 341 Cape Horn, 93 Brown, Willie, 335 California Federation of Women’s Cape Mendocino, 5 Brown v. Plata (2011), 372 Clubs, 221–2 capital punishment, 98–9, 306, 333, Brown vs. the Board of Education California: For Health, Pleasure and 345, 349 (1954), 286, 314 Residence (1873), 146 capitalism Bryant and Sturgis, 61 California Fruit Growers’ Exchange, market regulation, 215, 216–20, Bucareli, Antonio de, 42 164–5 253, 331–3, 341–4, 345–6 Buckley, William F., Jr., 326 California grizzly bear, 9 and politics, 178–9, 211, 345–6 Budd, James H., 391 California Institute of Technology pre-contact period, 20 Buddhism, 255, 303 (Caltech), 272, 283 see also labor movements Budhi, Felix, 231 California Labor Federation, 307 Captain Blood (1935), 241 Index 395 carcinogens, 341, 342 China climate, 6–7, 169 Carlos III, King of Spain, 35–6 emigration from, 97, 120–4, 141, climate change, 366, 368, 369, 381–2 Carrillo, José Antonio, 89, 107 146, 151, 153–4, 316 Clinton, Hillary, 383–4 Carson, Kit, 90 evidence of early cultural contact, clipper ships, 93, 95, 171 Carter, James “Jimmy,” 332 21–2 Coast Guard, 269 Cascade Range, 4, 5 military policy, 384 Coast Miwok, 13, 33 Casey, James, 114 trade with, 30, 46–8, 70–1, 95–6, Coast Seamen’s Union (CSU), 202 casinos, 364, 367 134–5, 146, 171–3, 175, 227, Coastal Commission, 342–3, 382–3 Castle & Cooke, 166 232–3, 337, 375, 377 Coastal Ranges, 3, 4, 5 Castro, José, 56, 85, 390 China Clipper (aircraft), 251–2 coastal region, 7, 14, 382 Catholicism, 84, 306, 328 Chinese Americans, 120–4,