S S
RESOURCEII NATURAL HUMAN ATLAS ECONOMIC PUBLIC
APRIL 1973
EXTENSION PROJECT
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
S Gilliam County, Oregon
NATURAL
RESOURCE HUN
ATLAS ECONOMIC
PUBLIC
April 1973
Oregon State University Extension Service
Prepared by Ron Scharback, Research Assistant, Under the supervision of: Robert 0. Coppedge, Extension Economist, and Russell C. Youmans, Extension Resource Economist, Department of Agricultural Economics
For sale by the Extension Business Office, Extension Hall 118, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331. $2.50 per copy. MILES
tO 15 20
GILLIAM COUNTY LEGEND PRIMARY HIGHWAYS 0 SECONDARY HIGHWAYS COUNTY ROADS INTERSTATE HIGHWAYSC CONTENTS
Page
General Description 1
Physical Aspects 2 Climate 2 Soils 4 Soil Characteristics Land Capability 5 Land Capability 5 Land Ownership 8 Land Use 8 Agricultural Land 12 Forest Land 12 Water 12 Minerals 16 Wildlife 16
Human Resources 18 Population 18 Employment 21 Income 28 Education 30 Health 33 Public Welfare 36 Housing 37
The County's Economy 38 Agriculture 38 Logging and Wood Products 45 Manufacturing Mining Outdoor Recreation 46 Business 48
Public Service 49 Transportation 49 Communication 51 Library Facilities 52 Utilities 53
Public Finance 54
Selected List of Agencies 61
Selected Bibliography 63 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Gilliam County was established in 1885 froma portion of Wasco County It is named for Colonel Cornelius Gilliam who foughtin the Cayuse War The original county seat was locatedin Alkali, now Arlington Condon is currently the county seat,as well as Gilliam County's largest city The area is devoted mainly to agriculture, particularly cattle and wheat
Gilliam County encompasses an area of 773,120acres, 2 0 percent of the total area of Oregon, and ranks 24thamong counties in area The county contains 1,218square miles of which 1,037 lie within the John Day River Basin A bess mantle covers most of Gilliam County The land slopes toward the Columbia River andis part of the Umatilla plateau.
The county has a continental climate, with low winter andhigh summer temperatures It has low annual precipitation and very dry summers Elevations range from 147 feet at theriver mouth to 4,000 feet along the county line
The frost-free growing season varies from 50 daysat higher elevations to 200 days along the Columbia River Where dryland grains are raised it varies from 120 to 170 days
About 93 percent of the county isin private ownership, and 7 percent is publicly owned.
Gilliam County is located in the northern-centralpart of Oregon. The county is bounded on the west by Sherman County,on the south by Wheeler County, on the east by Morrow County, andon the north by the Columbia River.
The county seat, Condon is approximately 198 mileseast of Salem, 151 miles east of Portland, 261 miles north ofEugene and 103 miles west of Pendleton A brief summary of the major facts for the county are noted below.
Area: 1,218 square miles Population: 2,342 773,120 acres (July 1, 1972)
Elevation at Condon: 2,844 feet True Cash Value: $66,996,305 (1971)
Average Temperature: Principle Industries: Summer - 63 9 Agriculture, Livestock raisin Winter - 33 9 Transportation
County Seat: Condon
SOURCES Oregon State Executive Department, Clay Meyers, Secretary of State, Oregon Blue Book, 1971-72, January 1971, Oregon State University Cooperative Extension, Agriculture in Oregon Counties Farm Sales and General Characteristics, Special Report330, Oregon State 'University, June 1971. PHYSICAL ASPECTS
Gilliam County is located on the Columbia River plateau which contains basaltic, andesitic, and rhyolitic lava flows and eruptive materials such as ash and tuff.
The county includes Quaternary, Tertiary, Cretaceous, Jurassic, and Permian periods. The valley includes young and old alluvium. The soils on steep and very steep southerly exposures are generally very stony and shallow; these soils are also limited to range use.
Gilliam County lies within the iimatilla plateau. The lower portion of the county, within the plateau area, slopes gently toward the Columbia River. Elevations range from 265 feet at the river mouth to nearly 4,000 feet along the south Gilliam County line. The John Day River and tributaries are entrenched in the lava plateau with relatively narrow and flat bottom-lands at scattered locations. The lands on the plateau are generally smooth and rolling, but the drainage pattern is characterized by steep swales and narrow canyons with abrupt sides.
Climate
Gilliam County's climate is generally semi-arid, characterized by a low annual precipitation, low winter temperatures and high summer temper- atures. Torrential rain storms occur occasionally in the spring and summer seasons causing severe soil erosion, flood damage to soil and crops, and adding little moisture to the soil.
At Arlington (elevation 315 feet) the annual rainfall is about 9 inches with 57 percent of this coming during the months from November to February. Condon (elevation 2,850 feet) receives an annual rainfall of about 13 inches, averaging one inch per month except for 2to 3 months.
During a ten year period the temperatur8 ranged from a high of 109 F. in July at Arlington to a low of -22 F. in December at Condon. The average growing season varies from 50 days at higher elevations to 200 days along the Columbia River. The growing season on the Gilliam plateau ranged from 120 to 170 days. The average growing season, consecutive frost-free days, is 200 days at Arlington to 130-160 says at Condon. The average temperature recorded at Arington is 54.2 F. Mean temperature recorded at Condon ranges from 29 F. in January0to 66 F.m July. The average maximum for these same geriods s 38 and 84 F., respectively, with an average minimum 21 and 49 F., respectively.
1/ State Water Resources Board, John Day River Basin, 1962. Table 1. Temperature and Precipitation, By Month, 1951-1960 Averages
Station Jan. Feb.jMar. Apr. May JuneJuly Aug. Sept.jOct. Nov. Dec. Annual
Average Temperature degrees Farenheit
Arlington.... 33.5 40.345.4 53.6 61.6 67.7 75.8 73.4 66.5 54.4 41.0 36.8 54.2 Condon 29.5 33.6 7.4 44.3 51.4 57.9 66.1 64.0 58.6 48.3 36.8 32.5 46.7 Mikkalo 31.6 37.0 41.5 49.2 57.1 63.8 71.9 69.8 63.8 52.7 39.7 34.8 51.1
Average Precipitation inches
Arlington.... 1.86 1.15 .90 .49 .69 .44 .15 .16 .40 .51 1.21 1.25 9.21 Condon 1.71 1.37 1.44 .82 1.75 .92 .43 .42 .54 .86 1.41 1.67 13.34 Mikkalo 1.92 1.10 1.04 .66 1.09 .64 .21 .16 .53 .69 1.15 1.35 10.54
Highest Temperature degrees Farenheit
Arlington.... 60 67 78 88 100 106 109 106 97 90 69 65 109 Condon 58 66 75 81 89 97 102 98 95 88 68 62 102 Mikkalo 62 65 78 89 94 101 104 101 100 88 70 66 104
Lowest Temperature degrees Farenheit
Arlington.... -22 - 2 0 22 26 40 45 43 30 20 - 5 11 -22 Condon -20 -15 2 17 19 27 29 32 26 19 -13 3 -20 Mikkalo -16 - 5 8 18 26 33 38 42 27 28 - 4 3 -16
Mean Number of Dais with Temp. 32 or Below days
Arlington.... 19 14 12 4 0 0 0 + 4 16 20 89 Condon 27 24 24 17 6 1 + + 2 12 21 27 161 Mikkalo 25 18 16 6 1 0 0 0 + 2 16 24 108
A plus sign indicates more than 0 but less than 0.5 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau, Decennial Census of U.S. Climate, Supplement for 1951-1960, Oregon, No. 86-31, 1965.
3 Soils
Due to lack of information of soil classification in Gilliam County, this paper will generalize soil type in the county.
A thin bess mantle covers most of Gilliam County. The silty soils developed in the bess are on the average 2 to 5 feet deep.Most of these soils are used for dryland wheat under a summer fallow system of farming. On the very steep northerly exposures, the soils are de- rived from bess and they are commonly deep, but rock outcrop and topography limit these soils to range use. The soils on steep and very steep southerly exposures are generally very stony and shallow; these soils are also limited to range use.
On the other hand, most of the soils on the flood plains are medium to moderately fine textured and moderately deep to very deep. Although most of these soils are excessively deep and some contain alkali, most of the land consists of deep, well-drained soils. Accord- ing to the 1969 Census of Agriculture, 6,828.7 acres of landwere irrigated or 3.6 percent. Most of the low terrace and alluvial fan soils adjacent to the flood plains are somewhat finer textured than the flood plain soils, and most of these soilsare irrigated.
The basalt plateau area extends south from the Columbia River to about the Gilliam-Wheeler County line with elevations from less than 1,000 feet in the north to 4,000 feet in the south. The precipitation is about 9 inches in the north and increases to about 13 inches in southern Sherman and Gilliam counties. Most of the precipitation falls as rain in the winter and spring months. The frost-free season is over 170 days at lower elevations and decreases to 125 days at Condon.
The wind-carried silty bess deposits were blown from the Columbia River flood plain and adjacent sand plains during the Pleistocene period. With increasing distance from the source, the deposits become thinner and somewhat finer in particle size. Ritzville and Wabla Walla soils are deep, coarse silt loam soils formed in deeper bess of the northern part of the area. The Ritzville series is formed under lower precipitation and has a calcareous lower subsoil. An undetermined amount of Ritzville shown on the soil map has a light-colored surface and may be mapped in the future as the Shano series. Walla Walla soils have moderately dark surfaces. Condon soils are moderately deep with finer silt loam textures and are similar to Walla Walla soils in color. Morrow soils are moderately deep, moderately fine-textured soils in southern Gilliam and Morrow counties. Waha soils are dark- colored soils with moderately fine-textured subsoils. They occur at higher elevations close to the forest-grass transitionzone.
Walvan soils are dark grayish silty soils formed in ashy pockets on north slopes in areas with Morrow and Condon soils. Walvan soils are minor in extent.
Ritzville, Walla Walla, Condon, and Morrow soils are extensive, stone-free, and occur mostly on relatively smooth plateau topography. They are used primarily for small grain production undera grain-fallow rotation. -4- Bakeoven soils are very shallow, very stony soils that occur on narrow sloping ridges and upper shoulders of side slopes. They often occur as "scabland" between small mounds of Condon and Morrow soils in locations where the bess mantle has been partially removed by erosion. Lickski].].et soils are shallow, very stony soils of the steeper south slopes. Nansene and Wrentham soils are very stony moderately deep, dark- surfaced soils of steeper north slopes. Kuhl and Starbuck are minor soils of steeper slopes. These steeper slopes and canyon lands are used for range.
Stream bottoms of the lower basin are generally narrow and not extensive. Esquatzel, soils are light-colored; Yakima soils are mod- erately deep to gravel. Some irrigation is practiced on these small nearly level alluvial areas. Flooding may occur at infrequent intervals.
The Columbia Basin area occurs near the Columbia River in northern Gilliam County. It is the western end of the Umatilla Plain, a large predominantly sandy area lying chiefly in the thnatilla Basin.Elevations are less than 1,100 feet. The precipitation is 9 to 10 inches annually. The frost-free period ranges from 180 days to 200 days. The parent materials are unconsolidated sandy, silty, and gravelly sediments, chiefly of Pleistocene age.
The Quincy soils are deep, loamy sand or sand in texture, and formed in windworked deposits. Koehier soils are loamy sand with a hardpan in the lower subsoil. Ephrata variant soils are sandy loam in texture and less than 20 inches to bedrock. Sagehill soils are formed in fine, sandy loam wind-blown deposits less than 40 inches deep over silty lacustrine sediments. The Sagemoor series consists of light-colored silt loam or very fine sandy loam soils formed in lacustrine sediments. (Gr) and (Kr) are unnamed proposed series of limited extent. (Gr) soils are on old outwash terraces. They are shallow, medium textured soils underlain by gravel. (Kr) soils are moderately deep soils underlain by tuffaceious sediments. They have sandy loam surface horizons and clayey subsoils.
The major use of this area is range land with some dryland grain. farming on the less droughty soils.
SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND LAND CAPABILITY
Land Capability
An interpretive grouping of soils into "Land Capability Classifica- tion" has been developed by the Soil Conservation Service. This grouping shows, in general, how suitable soils are for most kinds of farming. Soil characteristics such as depth, texture, wetness, slope, erosion hazard, overflow hazard, permeability, structure, reaction, waterholding capacity, inherent fertility and climatic conditions as they influence the use and management of 1anare considered in group- ing soils into eight land capability classes. These eight classes are designated by Roman numerals. The hazards and limitations of use of the groups increase as the class number increases. Class I land has few hazards or limitations, whereas Class VIII land is so limited that it is unfit for cultivation and grazing. This land can be used oiily for recreation, wildlife habitator water supply.
The classification can be broken into two divisions: (1) land in capability classes I through IV is generally suited for cultivation and other uses; and (2) land in capability classes V through VIII is best suited for range, forestry and wildlife. Land capability classes are sometimes divided into subclasses to indicate the dominating limitation or hazard. The subclasses are "e" for wind or water erosion, "w" for wetness or frequent inundation from overflow, "s" for soil limitations and "c" for climatic limitations.
Gilliam County is divided into three major capability classes. In the northern quarter of the county, Class VI prevails. This class is defined as moderately well-suited for grazing or forestry. The south- eastern section of the county, also contains large acreage of the class. Classes III and VIII are intermingled throughout the area running from the northeastern section to the southwestern section of the county. Class III is defined as moderately good cultivable land; and Class VII as fairly well-suited for grazing or forestry.
An inventory of land use was taken by the Oregon Conservation Needs Committee in 1967 and published in 1971. The acreage covered by the inventory included about 48 percent of the total land area in Oregon by county. Most of the excluded area was federally owned land on which conservation programs were already in progress.
The inventory was developed from basic data regarding: (1) present acreage in major uses and (2) acreage of each land use classified by physical problems affecting its use. The estimates of needs for con- servation treatment, for each major land use, were based on observed hs. samples of the inventory acreage.
Table 2. Use of Gilliam County Inventory Acreage by Capability Class, in Acres, 1967
Capability Use
Class Cropland j Pasture-Range J Forest Other Landi Total
I O 0 0 0 0 II 13,928 0 0 0 13,928 III 266,192 84,329 0 897 351,418 IV 8,319 60,428 0 0 68,747 V O 0 0 0 0 VI 8,449 68,995 590 0 78,034 VII 500 188,490 0 0 188,990 VIII 0 0 0 5,390 5,390
Total 297,338 402,242 590 6,287 706,507
SOURCE: Oregon Conservation Needs Committee, Oregon Soil and Water Conservation Needs Inventory, U.S. Soil Conservation Service, 1971.
-6- Table 3. Land Area and Use of Inventory Acreage, Gilliam County, 1967
Use Acres
Inventory Acreage
Cropland 297,388 Pasture Range 402,242 Forest Woodland 590 Other Land 6,287
Total Inventory Acres 706,507
Percent of Total Land Area in Inventory 91. 22%
Non-Inventory Acreage
Federal Land 57,284 Urban and Build-up Areas 10,004 Water Areas 605
Total Non-Inventory Acres 67,893
Total Land Area 774,500
SOURCE: Oregon Conservation Needs Committee, Oregon Soil and Water Conservation Needs Inventory, U.S. Soil Conservation Service, 1971.
7 Table 4. Conservation Treatment Needs, Gilliam County,1967
C lass if icati on Total Acreage Acreage Needing Treatment J
ALL CROPLAND 297,388 174,658 Types of treatment needed: Residue cover 119,243 Strip croping 44,448 Permanent cover 8,505 Other 2,462
RANGE LAND 402,242 298,522 Type of treatment needed: Establishment of vegetation 59,073 Improvement of vegetation 239,449
FOREST AND WOODLAND 590 590 Description of problems: Improvement of timber stand 200 Protection of stand 290 Establishment of vegetative cover 100
OTHER LAND 6,287 4,191
SOURCE: Oregon Conservation Needs Committee, Oregon Soiland Water Conser- vation Needs Inventory, U.S. Soil ConservationService, 1971.
Land Ownership
In this report, land ownership in GilliamCounty is classified as either public lands, including federal,state, and county, or private lands. About 93 percent of Gilliam County is privatelyowned. Most of the private land is in farms. Approximately 6 percent of the county is in federal ownership, of which 80percent is managed by the Bureau of Land Management. The majority of the remaining federalland is administered by the Bureau of Reclamation and theCorps of Engineers.
About one percent of the county is ownedby the State of Oregon. About 70 percent of the state-ownedland is administered by the Highway Commission, and 30 percent by theLand Board.
Approximately .7 percent of Gilliam County isowned by the county and consists of county and city parks,municipalities and road rights-of- way.
Land Use
Land use in the county is primarilydevoted to agriculture. Very little land is in forest land,or used for purposes such as cities, towns, and roads.
-8-- Table 5. Land Use and Ownership, Gilliam County, 1964
Item Gilliam County State acres percent percent
Land Use Urban .49 Industrial .16 Military 10 Intensive Agriculture 6.52 Dryland Farming 294,670 38.02 3.33 Forests 44.84 Parks .32 Conservation 2.25 Grazing 480,370 61.98 41.50 Non-Productive Land .49
Total Land Area 775,040 100.00 100.00
Land Ownership
Private Land Ownership 721,087 93.00 54.20 Public Land Ownership 53,973 7.00 55.80 Federal 41,715 5.40 51.80 State 6,989 .90 2.90 Local 5,269 .70 1.10
SOURCE: Oregon Depatment orPlanning and Development, Resources for Development, March 1964.
9 Table 6. Federal Land Ownership in Gilliam County by Agency, 1962
Agency Gilliam County State Total
acres percent percent
Bureau of Land Management 32,038 76.80 49.90 U.S. Forest Service 47.00 Fish and Wildlife Service 1.40 Bureau of Reclamation 6,650 15.90 .50 National Park Service .50 Navy .30 Corps of Engineers 2,961 7.10 .20 Army 10 Agricultural Research Service 10 Bonneville Power Administration. .01 Bureau of Indian Affairs .01 Federal Aviation Agency Maritime Administration * Air Force * Coast Guard * Veterans Administration * Federal Communications Commission * Bureau of Mines * Post Office Department * General Services Administration * Public Health Service
All Federal Agencies 41,716 100.00 100.00 Percent Federal Ownership 5.40 51.80
* Less than .01% of totalownership SOURCE: Carolan, W.B., Jr., Federal Land in Oregon, Oregon State University, 1963
- 10 - Table 7. State Land Ownership in Gilliam County by Agency, 1970
Agency Gilliam County State
acres percent percent Division of State Lands 1,650 37.10 45.60 Board of Forestry 0 36.80 Highway Commission Parks 5 .01 4.30 Office and Maintenance 9 .02 Game Commission 0 3.30 Higher Education 0 1.00 Board of control 0 .37 State Engineer 0 .24 Military Department 0 .08 Board of Aeronautics 22 .50 .05 Fish Commission 0 .03 lair Commission 0 .01 Liquor Commission 0 * Public Employees Retirement Board 0 * Department of Veterans Affairs 2,764 62.10 * Finance and Administration
TOTAL 4,451 100.00 100.00
*Less than .01% of total ownership SOURCE: Oregon State Lands Division, Inventory of State-Owned Real Property, By County, January, 1970.
Table 8 Land Area in Highways, Strrets, and Roads, Gilliam County
Ownership Gilliam County
acres percent State Highways 3,710 50.10 County Roads 3,565 48.20 City Streets 125 1.70
TOTAL 7,400 100.00
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Revenue and Oregon State Highway Division. Agricultural Land - 1969
The land in Gilliam County in agriculture consisted of 480,211acres of pasture land and range land, 11,380 acres of woodland, and 268,819 acres of cropland.
Pasture land and grazed woodland constitute about 65 percent of the county area. Pasture land is defined as non-cropland pasture, and grazed woodland as land grazed by livestock that is at least 10 percent stocked with trees.
About 35 percent of the county area is cropland. The major uses of cropland are for small grains and hay crops.
Table 9. Land in Farms, Gilliam County, 1969
I tern Acres Percent
Total Land Area Proportion in Farms 773, 120 100.00
Acres in Farms 760,410 100.00 Cropland Harvested 115,697 15.20 Cropland Pasture 24,811 3.30 Other Cropland 128,311 16.90 Woodland 11,380 1.50 Other Land 480,211 63.10
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1969 Vol. 1, Area Reports, Part 47, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
Forest Lands 1/
There are less than 500 acres of commercial forest land in Gilliam County and no national forest or other public forest lands. As a result, there are less than 2 million board feet of growing sawtimber in the county.
Water
There are three major sources of drainage in Gilliam County. Thirty Mile Creek and its tributaries drain the southwest portion of thecounty and empties into the John Day River. The second source in the lower John Day River Basin is Rock Creek and its tributaries which drain the central portion of the county and also terminates at the banks of the John Day River near McDonald Ferry. The third source of drainage for Gilliam County, Eight Mile Canyon, lies in the northwest portion of
1/ U.S. Forest Service, Timber Statistics for Central Oregon, Resource Bulletin PNW-24, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range ExperimentStation
- 12 - the Umatilla River basin. It empties its waters intoWillow Creek at Rhea Willow Creek then terminates at the ColumbiaRiver.
Annual yield of surface water is thenet yield,or quantity of water leaving a drainage area during the hydrologic,or water, year, which extends from October 1 ofone year to September30 of the follow- ing year Net yield is the precipitation on theareaminus evaporation, transpiration, and net underground percolation
A gauge located at McDonald Ferry hadan averageannual yield of 1,406,000 acre-feet for the period 1927to 1960 Thelowest annual yield was 461,500 acre-feet, recordedin 1934, and the highest2,670,000 acre-feet in 1948.
Table 10 Acre-Yield Relationship of Representative Streams, Gilliam County
Stream Drainage Area Mean Annual Yield Square Mile acre-feet acre-feet per square mile
John Day River at McDonald Ferry 7,580 1,406,000 200
SOURCE: State Water Resources Board, John Day River Basin, 1962.
There is an extreme differencein the seasonal stream flow in Gilliam County The peak flows are during the months of April and May, due to snowmelt and springrains The lowest flow is in August and September, due to irrigation and naturallylow flows
McDonald Ferry had an average monthly discharge from theyears 1927 to 1960 of a high 5,600 cfs in April anda low of 156 cfs during September
Snowmelts and spring rains provide unusually highdischarges in April. Irrigation and low flows provide for low flows in August.
The gauge at McDonald Ferry had a minimumdischarge of 4 cfs in August 1931, and a maximum discharge of 27,800cfs in February 1907.
The occurrence of groundwater in GilliamCounty is governed by preci- pitation, topography, and rock permeability. Ground slope determines, in part, the time surface runoff has to enter theground, whereas permeability is the capacity of the rocks totransmit water
Alluvium seems to be the best groundwater source and is found along the John Day Rivef This provides the source for most wellsin the area Springs are used for municipal supplies andwere made available from faulting and erosion The interfiow zones of porous basalt flows form aquifers that are used for watersources of municipal wells. Groundwater studies of Gilliam County have not been developed. From the sparse population and few wells,no pattern of groundwater occurrence has been found.
Domestic water rights include those granted for individualand small group water supply systems plus, campsite, park,and stock watering use Water for these purposes is obtained from groundwater,springs, and streams throughout the county
In general, springs are the major source of developedwater for human consumption in the mountains Shallow wells, with a depth of not more than 30 feet, are the major sourcein the river valleys The deep wells are found on the hills of the lower JohnDay River sub-basin.
The supply of water for human consumptionis adequate except during the summer and early fall months. Generally, the water needs no treat- ment The only problem seems to be with the shallowwells where septic tank effluents and irrigationseepage contaminate these wells.
No significant increases in the quantities ofwater used for human consumption in rural areas is expected It is estimated that less than 700 acre-feet are consumed by grazing animals.
Arlington and Condon are the only twocities having registered water systems. Arlington has one well with no problemsor restrictions. Condon has four sources of supply--Hay CreekSprings and three wells with no problems but having restrictionspertaining to sprinkling during the dry periods Both Arlington and Condon treat their systems with chlorination.
Table 11. Gilliam County Municipal Water Supplies
City Population Water Seasonal Treatment Source Restrictions on Use Type !/ Adequate
Arlington 900 Well None Yes Condon 1,150 Springs fi 3 wells Sprinkling Yes
Lonerock 14 Spring Mayville Well
1/ Ch--Chlorjnation MCh- -Manual Chlorination SOURCE: State Water Resources Board, John Day RiverBasin, 1962.
- 14 - Much of Gilliam County's agriculture is based on livestock. Some of the feed for this livestock comes from irrigated land.
Irrigation is essential for maturing crops due to the lack of pre- cipitation in the summer months. The principal irrigated crops are grass hay, alfalfa, and clover. The majority of land irrigated is from natural streamfiow, although minor areas are irrigated by stored water and groundwater.
Irrigation started as early as 1870. Flooding was the major way of irrigating land until recent years. With availability of power through the REA, sprinkler irrigation has become more widespread. The amount of yield during the main irrigation season, April through September, generally represents from 45 to 75 percent of the total annual yield.
Table 12. Irrigation, Lower John Day Sub-basin
Watershed Gross Area Arable Land Presently Additional Irrigated Irrigab le
John Day River - 850 0 Rock Creek 267,500 85,500 2,200 1,300
SOURCE: State Water Resources Board, John Day River Basin, 1962
Gilliam County has little water used by industry. Its primary source of water is from wells, springs, or streams.
Gilliam County has no major problem with pollution. Pollution of streams occurs intermittently as a result of overflow from septic tanks, large-scale insect spraying operations, logging operations--including construction of logging roads, lumber mills, mining operations, irriga- tion return flows, and water erosion of farm land. Soil erosion constitutes the major water pollution source. Industry wastes are not a serious problem.
Table 13. Public Sewage Treatment Plants
Subject Year Degree Design Population ReceivingType of Built Treatment Population Served Stream Treatment
Public Arlington 1/ 1966 Primary 1,000 Columbia Condon 1950-60 Secondary 1,200 1,000 Dry Creek
1/ Secondary treatment facilities are in design stage. SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Environmental Quality, Water Quality Control in Oregon, 1970. Updated by telephone interview, August, 1972. Most of the power in Gilliam County is provided by REA fromsources outside the county.
There is no water reserved for wildlife use. Except for waterfowl and furbearers wildlife use of water is small. The needs are furnished by streams, lakes, springs, and marshyareas. Location of water sources directly affects the distribution of wildlife in thecounty.
The John Day River is reported by fishery agenciesto have a very high fish producing potential. !/ Because of the extensive destruction of fish habitat and current use of irrigation forwater, runs of steel- head, chinook and silver salmon no longer have the magnitudeof past years.
However, the John Day River provides habitat for anadromous and resident fish. Native fish include rainbow, eastern brook, Dolly Varden, cutthroat trout, kokanee salmon, whitefish,warm water game fish, and scrap fish. Steelhead trout are the principal anadrc*nous species. Spring and fall chinook, silver salmon and steelheadarefound in small numbers.
Water rights for fish total 17 cfs for the John Day RiverBasin.
Steelhead enter the river during winter months, November through March, and spawn in April and May. Spring Chinook enter the river in April and May and spawn during early September. Fall Chinook enter the river and spawn as soon as they reach spawning beds inAugust and September.
MINERALS 2/
Sand and gravel accounts for virtually all of Gilliam County's mineral production. Exploratory oil wells have been drilled but no oil has been located. Some pumice is also produced in the county.
WILDLIFE 3/
The most numerous big game species in the county ismule deer.
1/ State Water Resources Board, John Day River Basin, 1962.. 2/ U.S. Bureau of Mines, Bureau of Research and Statistics,Minerals Yearbook, taken from Oregon Economic Statistics, Universityof Oregon, 1972, (See Mining and Mineral Industries section foradditional information.) 3/ Oregon State Game Commission, 1971 Annual Report. (For additional information see Water Use under Natural ResourceDivision and Recreation under Industries Division.)
- 16 - Table 14. Mule Deer Population Trends, Gilliam County Area, 1966-1971
1971 Deer per M ile Management Unit 1/ Miles Deer 1971 1970 1966- 1970 Traveled Observed Average
Sherman 50 190 3.8 5.2 6.3 Wheeler 91 483 5.3 6.4 7.7
1/ Oregon State Game Commission management units do not coincide with county boundaries. Therefore, Sherman and Wheeler management units both contain parts of Gilliam County as well as other counties. SOURCE: Oregon State Game Commission, 1971, Annual Report.
The major upland game bird species are pheasant, Mountain quail and blue and ruffed grouse. Game Commission surveys indicate that populations are subject to wide fluctuations.
Small game hunting for rabbits and squirrels attracts a relatively small number of hunters, mainly from the local area.
There is small migratory waterfowl population because of unsuitable habitat. There are few wintering areas along the Columbia River and along the John Day main stream.
A number of furbearers are located in Gilliam County. They include: beaver, mink, otter, muskrat, rabbit, raccoon, badger, wildcat and coyote.
Spring chinook and fall chinook, silver salmon, cutthroat trout, and steelhead trout migrate into the county annually to spawn. They migrate through the John Day River from the Columbia River.
Streams and reservoirs in the county contain most of the game fish species found in Oregon.
- 17 - HUMAN RESOURCES
Population
In its early history the area was by-passed by settlers who feared the Indians and severe winters. Agricultural development started after goidmining brought people into neighboring counties.
The population of Gilliam County was 2,270 in 1971, or about 1.86 persons per square mile. This compares with 21.7 persons per square mile for the state. Condon is the largest of three incorporated cities in the county with a population of 940.
The following table gives a breakdown of Gilliam County's population in 1970 by race and geopraphic area. Caucasian, Spanish Language, Black, American Indian, and "Other" racial categories are given.
Table 15. Number of Persons by Racial Group, Gilliam County, 1970,
Item Number of Persons Percent
Caucasian 2,271 96.97 Spanish Language 34 1.45 Black 6 .26 American Indian 9 38 Other 22 .94 TOTAL 2,342 100.00
SOURCE: O.S.U.Cooperative ExtensionService, Income and Poverty Data for RacialGroups; A compilationfor Oregon Census County Divisions, Special Report 367, September 1972.
- 18 - Table 14 Gilliam and Bordering Counties-- Population Rank Order in Oregon -- 1960 and 1971
1960 County 1971 Rank Population Population
Sherman 36 2,446 35 2,080 Morrow 33 4,871 33 4,430 Wheeler 35 2,722 36 1,850 GILL lAM 34 3,069 34 2,270
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population:1970 General Population Characteristics, Final Report PC (1) B39 Oregon,U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1971.
The population of Gilliam County has increased and decreasedover the last 70 years. But most recently its population has declined. From 1960 to 1971 the county's population droppedover 26 percent.
Table 17. Population Growth -- Gilliam County
Year Population Percent Increase Period Percent F
1890 3,600 1900 3,201 1890-1900 -10.0 1910 3,701 1900-1910 +13.0 1920 3,960 1910-1920 + 5.0 1930 3,467 1920-1930 -14.0 1940 2,844 1930-1940 -22.0 1950 2,817 1940-1950 - 0.9 1960 3,069 1950-1960 + 8.0 1965* 3,393 1960-1965 + 8.0 1970 2,342 1965-1970 -30.9
*oregon State Center for Population Research andCensus, PSU. SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Population Characteristics, Final Report PC (1) B39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1971.
:19 - Table 8. Components of Change In Gilliam County's Population, 1940-1970
Natural Years Net Change Net Increase Migration
1940- 1950 -27 241 -268 1950- 1960 252 607 -355 1960- 1970 -727 219 -946
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population and Housing, General Demographic Trends For Metropolitan Areas, 1950 to 1970, Final Report PHC (2)- 39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 1971.
Table 19. Urban and Rural Population, Gilliam County, 1950-1970
Year Urban Rural Population Percent Change Population Percent Change I I
1950 0 2,817 1960 0 3,069 8.9 1970 0 2,342 -23.7
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Population Characteristics, Final Report PC (1) B39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1951,1961,1971.
Table 20. Population of Incorporated Cities, Gilliam County--192O-1971
City and County 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1971!"
Arlington 529 601 609 686 643 375 400 Condon 1,127 940 856 968 1,149 .973 940 L onerock 73 82 46 38 31 12 12
1/ Center for Population Research and Census, Population Estimates of Counties and Incorporated Cities, Portland State University, 1970 and 1971 reports. SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Population Characteristics, Final Report PC (1) B39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1971.
- 20 - The composition of Gilliam County's population by age and sex is much the same as that of the State of Oregon.About 36 percent of the county's population is under 18 years of age, 53 percent between 18 and 64 years of age, and 11 percent 65 years and older. The median age in Gilliam County was 29.5 years, in 1972. Composition by sex in the county shows 50.9 percent male and 49.1 percent female. From 1960 to 1970 the median age increased 3 years.
Table 21. Population by Age and Sex, 1960 and 1970, Gilliam County
Male Female Total Percent Age Group 1960 1970 1960 1970 1960 1970 1960 1970
Total Population 1,608 1,192 1,461 1,150 3,069 2,342 100.0 100.0 Under 5 197 94 191 72 388 166 12.6 7.1 5-9 184 104 170 111 354 215 11.5 9.2 10-14 132 144 144 138 276 282 9.0 12.0 15-19 86 112 94 112 180 224 5.9 9.6 20-24 135 91 97 65 232 156 7.6 6.7
25-34 227 125 201 120 428 245 13.9 10.5 35-44 195 122 175 150 370 272 12.1 11.6 45-54 179 155 150 123 329 278 10.7 11.9 55-64 136 129 113 111 249 240 8.1 10.2 65 and over 137 116 126 148 263 264 8.6 11.3
MEDIAN AGE 27.8 29.5 26.8 31.7 27.4 30.6
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1960 and 1970 General Population Characteristics, Final Report, PC (1) - B39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1961 and 1971.
Employment
The Oregon State Department of Employment reported in 1969 the average annual civilian labor force in Gilliam County was 940 or 35.0 percent of the total population.. At that time, the unemployment rate was 5.3 percent of the total labor or 50 persons. For number of persons unemployed, the county ranked 34th in the state; however, ranking by percent unemployed was 21st. 1/
The 1970 Census of Population shows that about 30 percent of those employed worked in agriculture, with the majority of the remaining employed in retail trade and personal services. The table of industry group of employed will give exact data.
1/ Oregon State Employment Division, Research and Statistics, Labor Force and Employment in Oregon.
- 21 - Table 22. Employment Status, Gilliam County, 1960 and 1970
Number Subj ect 1960 19701/
Male, 14 years and over 1,087 753 Labor Force 946 612 Armed Forces 141 85 Civilian Labor Force 805 527 Employed 789 508 Unemployed 16 19 Not in Labor Force 141 141 Inmate of Institution 16 Enrolled in School 71 35 Other 70 90
Female, 14 years and over...... 1,008 786 Labor Force 398 255 Employed 381 245 Unemployed 17 10 Not in Labor Force 610 539 Inmate of Institution 28 Enrolled in School 33 38 Other 437 586
Married, (husbands present) 577 465
1/ 1970 figures for 16 years and over. SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1960 and 1970, General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC (1)- C39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1961, 1971.
- 22 - Table 23. Percent of Age Group in Labor Force, Gilliam County, 1970
Percent of Age Group Age Group Male Female
14 - 15 29.8 22.2 16 - 17 11.1 38.9 18 - 19 20 - 21 22 - 24 90.4 25.0 25-34 94.2 35.1 35-44 91.8 32.4 45 - 64 95.4 51.1 65 and over 39.1 3.4
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC (1)- B39 Oregon U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1971.
Table 24. Industry Groups of Employed, Gilliam County, 1960 and 1970
Number Employed Industry Group 1960 I 1970
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. 426 209 Mining C onstruction 39 41 Manufacturing 34 7 Lumber and Wood Products Food and Kindred Products 4 Other 34 3 Transportation 48 35 Communications 17 17 Wholesale Trade 16 11 Retail Trade 242 110 Business Services 22 41 Personal Services 137 34 Hospitals 17 Educational Services 52 122 Professional and Related Services... 25 25 Public Administration 71 69 Utilities and Sanitary Services 9
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1960 and 1970' General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC (1)- C39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. l96l, 1971.
- 23 - Table 25. Last Occupation of Experience Unemployed Over 16 Years of Age, Gilliam County, 1970
Occupation Total Male Female
Professional, technical and management workers 0 Sales workers 0 Clerical and kindred workers 0 Craftsmen, foremen and kindred workers 19 15 Operatives, including trans- port 0 Laborers, except farm (Other blue collar) 0 Farm workers 4 Service workers Excluding private household 0 Including private household 0
TOTAL 23 19 4
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC (1)- C39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.,1971.
Table 26. Median Earnings of Selected Occupation Groups,Gilliam County, 1959, 1969
Earnings Occupation Groups 19S9 1969
Male, Total with Earnings $ 4,527 $ 6,732 Professional, Managerial,ft Kindred Workers 9,063 FarmersftFarm Managers 8,525 Craftsmen, Foremen,ftKindred Workers 6,700 Operatives ft Kindred Workers 7,600 Farm Laborers 5,167 Laborers, exc. Farm ft Mine
Female, Total with Earnings 1, 596 3,273 ClericalftKindred Workers 2,600 Operatives ft Kindred Workers
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1960 and 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics,Final Report PC (1) C39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, WashingtonD.C. 1961, 1971
-24- Table 27. Gilliam County Occupations, 1970
Number Employed Occupation Male Female Total
Total Employed, 16 years old and over 508 245 753 Professional 38 79 117 Engineers NA NA 5 Physicians and related practitioners NA NA Other Health Workers 20 20 Teachers 19 50 69 Technicians, except Health 4 4 Other Professional Workers 10 9 19 Managers and Administrators 58 12 70 Sales Workers 29 22 51 Clerical and Kindred Workers 25 40 65 Craftsmen and Kindred Workers 64 5 69 Operative, except Transport 18 18 Transport 12 15 Laborers, except Farm 21 21 Farmers and Farm Managers 83 83 Farm Laborers 103 6 109 Service Workers 57 59 116 Cleaning Services 11 4 15 Food Services 6 45 51 Health Services 10 10 Personal Services 11 11 Protective Services 29 29 Private Household 19 19
NA - Not Available SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC (1)- C39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., 1971
Table 28. Number and Percent of Persons Unemployed for Gilliam Bordering Counties, 1969 and 1970
Total Civilian Number Percent County Labor Force Unemployed Unemployed
1969 1970 1969 I 1970 1969 1970 f
GILLIAM 1,010 970 80 50 7.9 5.3 Morrow 1,690 1,770 70 120 4.1 6.8 Wheeler 840 800 50 60 5.9 7.5 Sherman and Wasco 9,610 750 7.8
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Employment Division, Labor Force and Employment in Oregon by County 1968 and 1971, Research and Statistics Division, 1969, 1972.
- 25 - Table 29. Local Government Employees and Payroll for Gilliam County- October 1967
Number of Employees I tern and Earnings
Empl ôyees 142 Full time only 105
Full time Equivalent Employment 110 Education 70 Teachers only 51 Functions other than Education 40 Highways 11 Public Welfare Hospitals Health 2 Police Protection S Fire Protection Sewerage 3 Sanitation Libraries I Financial Administration 4 General Control 11 Water Supply 1 Other 59
October Payroll $ 60,000 Education $ 44,000 Teachers only $ 34,000 Functions other than Education $ 15,000
Average Monthly Earnings, Full time Employees Teachers $ 665 Others $ 414
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Governments, 1967, Vol.3 No.2 Compendium of Public Employment, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., 1969.
- 26 - Table 30. Covered Payrolls and Employment By Industry, 1970, Gilliam County
Average Annual Industry Annual Employment Payroll
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 0 $ 0 Mining 0 0 Contract Construction 34 390,610 Food and Kindred Products 0 0 Lumber and Wood Products 0 0 Other Manufacturing 1/ 1/ Transportation, Communication, Electric, Gas and Sanitary Services 18 61,567 Wholesale and Retail Trade 114 506,951 Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 13 55,864 Services 52 143,213 Government 53 $ 395,313
1/ Unpublished to avoid disclosure SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Employment Division, Oregon Covered Payrolls by Industry and County, Research and Statistics Section, 1971.
- 27 - Income
Table 31. Net Effective Buying Income Estimates, 1965 and 1970
Net Dollars State and County Per Household (thousands)
1965 1970 1965 1970
Oregon $4,552,279 $6,650,690 $7,436 $9,440 Gilliam County 8,915 7,597 8,915 9,496 SOURCE: Bureau of Business and Economic Research, Oregon Economic Statistics, 1972, University of Oregon.
Table 32. Bank Debits and Deposits, 1965- 1970, G1liam County
Year Bank Debits Bank Deposits
1965 NR $ 6,940,000 1966 NR 7,047,000 1967 NR 6,922,000 1968 NR 7,087,000 1969 NR 7,116,000 1970 NR 7,436,000
NR - Not Reported SOURCE: Bureau of Business and Economic Research, Oregon Economic Statistics, University of Oregon, 1972.
Table 33. Number and Percent of Families with an Income of Less than $3,000 for Gilliam and Bordering Counties, 1969
County Total Number Families with Income Less than $3,000 Number of Families Percent of Total Families
GILLIAM 584 54 9.2 Morrow 1,194 152 12.7 Wheeler 516 65 12.6 Sherman 591 66 11.2
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC (1)-C39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 1971.
- 28 - The following table gives mean incomes and income distribution within Gilliam County. Also data are given for persons and families in the county below federally defined poverty levels. 1/
Table 34. Income and Poverty Data, for Gilliam County, 1970
Item Number Percent
Mean Income Families $ 9,077 Unrelated individuals $ 3,884
Families by Family Income Class Under $3,999 65 11.13 $4,000- $5,999 90 15.41 $6,00O - $11,999 294 50.34 $12,000 + 135 23.12 total 584 100.00
Income - below poverty level (bpl) Families bpl 47 100.00 Persons in families bpl 145 Unrelated individuals bpl Under 65 13 65 and over 40 Male family head, 14-64 yrs. bpl Employed 20 Unemployed 8 Not in labor force Female family heads bpl in labor force with children below 6 yrs Income source of families and unrelated individuals bpl Earnings 59 Social security or railroad retirement 36 Public assistance or welfare 8
Blank spaces indicate a zero, suppressed data, or not applicable. SOURCE: O.S.U. Cooperative Extension Service, Income and Poverty Data for Racial Groups, a compilation for Oregon Census County Divisions, Special Report 367, September 1972. 1/ For further definition of these poverty levels consult theU.S. Bureau of Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-23, No. 28, Revision jn Poverty Statistics, 1959 to 1968.
- 29 - Education
Table 35. Formal Education Facilities, Gilliam County- 1966-67 and 1971-72
School District, Type Schools Grades Enrollment 1/ High School and Number of each Type Included 1966-67 1971-72 Graduates 2/ 1971
Arlington School District #003 Elementary - 1 1-5-8 224 93 High School -1 9-12 100 46 12 Olex School District #011 Elementary - 1 1-8 27 25 Condon School District #025 Elementary - 1 1-8 375 202 High School - 1 9-12 123 21
County Totals Elementary - 3 626 320 High School - 2 249 169 33
County Grand Total - 6 875 489 33 1/ Average Daily Membership 2/ Oregon Board of Education, Statistical Services, "1971 Oregon Public High SchoolGraduates", February, 1972. SOURCE: Oregon Board of Higher Education,SchoolFinance and Statistical Services, 1966-67SchoolDirectory and 1971-72 Oregon School-Community College Directory.
Table 36. Current Operating Costs For Resident Pupils In Gilliam County, Grades 1-12, 1969-70SchoolYear
Gilliam County Category State Cost Expenditure Cost/Pupi' per pupil
Administration $ 28,341 $ 45.00 $ 25.00 Instruction 444,938 700.00 563.00 Health Services 540 .85 3.02 Net Transportation Costs 89,107 140.00 29.00 Operation and Maintenance 100,169 157.00 96.00 Fixed Charges 70,887 111.00 72.00 Net Tuition (1,535) (2.41) (.54)
Total Current Operating Costs 732,447 1,152.00 787.00 - county - -- state- - Average Daily Membership 636 461,608 SOURCE: State Oregon Board of Education, "Current Operating Costs for Resident Pupils, Grades 1-12, Regular School Year, Oregon 1969-70", taken from Oregon Economic Statistics 1972, Bureau of Business and Economic Research University of Oregon.
- 30 - Table 37. Racial and Ethnic Distribution of Public School Enrollment by School District, Gilliam County, 1972
American Spanish District White Black Others 1/ TOTAL
Indian Surname J number of students
Arlington 112 3 14 129 Condon 332 7 7 1 347 Olex 21 21
TOTAL 465 --- 10 21 1 497
1/ Includes Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, and others SOURCE: Compiled from Oregon Board of Education reports by OSU Extension Service.
Table 38. Years of School Completed by Gilliam County Population 25 Years and Over
Education Number Total Percent Males Females
Total 25 years and over 626 641 1,267 100.0 No school years completed 8 8 .6 Elementary: 1 to 4 years 24 6 30 2.4 5 to 7 years 36 10 46 3.6 8 years 58 68 126 9.9 High School: 1 to 3 years 80 89 169 13.3 4 years 242 309 551 43.5 College: 1 to 3 years 107 96 203 16.1 4 years 71 63 134 10.6
Median School Years Completed.. 12.4 12.5
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC (1)- C39, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 1971.
- 31 - Table 39. Gilliam County Residents Enrolled In Higher Education Institutions Fall 1971
Institution Number Enrolled
Total Enrolled 58
Eastern Oregon College 16 Oregon College of Education 4 Oregon State University 10 Portland State University 1 Southern Oregon College 5 University of Oregon 12 Oregon Technical Institute 0 University of Oregon Dental School 0 University of Oregon Medical School 0
Total in Private and Independent Institutions 10
SOURCE: Oregon Educational Coordinating Council, Post Secondary Enrollment Distributions in Oregon, 1972.
Table 40. Number and Percent of Draft Rejections in Oregon for Gilliam County 1965 and 1971
I tern 1965 1971
Induction Center (Condon) Total Examined 699 30 Number Rejected 79 8 Percent Rejected 11.3 26 .6
SOURCE: Selective Service Headquarters, Portland, Oregon, Unpublished data.
Correctional Institutions
Although Gilliam County operates no correctional institutions of its own) it is served by four state correctional institutions in Marion County. These include training schools for socially maladjusted boys between 12 and 18 years old and girls between 12 and 21 years of age.
- 32 - Table 41. Felonies and Juvenile Delinquency In Gilliam County, 1968
Subj ect Number
Commitments to Felony and Correctional Institutions, 1967-68 Total Commitments 1 Oregon State Penitentiary 0 Oregon State Correctional Institution 1 Boys and Girls Training Schools 0 Juvenile Court Cases All Cases 30 Delinquency 20 Traffic 10
SOURCE: State of Oregon Executive Department, Program Planning Division, District Facts, 1970
Health
The following tables indicate the numbers of health facilities and health personnel available to Gilliam County residents. Generally speaking there are fewer health professionals per capita in Cilliam County than for the state as a whole. Gilliam County residents must rely largely on medical facilities in other counties to fulfill their health care needs.
Gilliam County has no general hospitals, however, a 25 bed facility is located at Heppner in bordering Morrow County. Also there are no diagnostic and treatment centers, mental care facilities or rehabilitation centers within the county.
A long term care facility is located at Condon but as of 1971 it did not have "skilled nursingt' and needed moderization and expansion to meet community needs according to the Oregon State Board of Health.
Table 42. Admissions to State Psychiatric Hospitals and Mental Health Clinics, Gilliam County, 1969
Gilliam County State Facility Number Ratio 1/ Ratio 1/ J
Psychiatric Hospitals 186 l 34 Mental Health Clinics 0 460 1/ Ratio equals admissions per 1000,000 population. SOURCE: State of Oregon Executive Department, Program Planning Division, District Facts, 1970.
- 33 - Table 43. Number of Licensed Medical Personnel andRatio of Population Per Professional in Gilliam County, 1969
Gilliam County State Profession Number Ratio 1/ Ratio
Medical Doctors and Doctors of Osteopathy ½ 2/ 1,348 770 Dentists 1 2,695 1,470 Registered Nurses 1 2,695 276 Licensed Practical Nurses 2 1,348 1,002 Pharmacists 1 2,695 1,375
1/ Ratio figure equals populationper professional in particular category 2/ One part time SOURCE: State of Oregon Executive Department, ProgramPlanning Division, District Facts, 1970.
In 1969 Gilliam County allocated $4,321 to itscounty health department or $1.60 per capita. 1/ This compares with $5.70 spentper capita by all counties in the state.
Gilliam County's birth raterose from 12.9 per 1,000 population in 1968 to 16.2 in 1970. It still remains below the state birthrate of 16.9 however. Also the county death rate of 7.7 is below thestate's rate of 9.3. The county illegitimate birth rate is wellbelow the state's 82.4 per 100,000 population. There were 2 accidental deaths reported in the county in 1970 to generatean accidental death rate of 85.4 per 100,000 population compared to thestate rate of 64.4.
Table 44. Estimated Population, Births and Deathsby Major Category, Gilliam County and State of Oregon- 1968 and 1971
Gilliam County State Category Number Rate Rate 1968 1970 1971 1968 1970 f1971 1970 1971 j
All Births 36 38 28 12.9!! 16.2/12.3 16.9.1 15.6 All Deaths 20 18 19 7.22/ 8.4 9.4 Illegitimate Births 1 1 2 27.8' 26.3!, 71.4 824_" 78.1 Premature Births 2 3 2 55.62/ 78.9' 71.4 59.5 57.4 Infant Deaths 1 0 0 27.8' 15.7 18.4
1/ Rates per 1,000 population 2/ Type births per 1,000 live births SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Human Resources,State Health Division, Vital Statistics Section, Vital StatisticsAnnual Report, 1971
1/ State of Oregon Executive Department,Program Planning Division, District Facts 1970.
- 34 - Table 45. Health Statistics for Gilliam County, 1970
Cilliam aounty State Item Number Rate 1/ Rate 1/ 1970 1971 1970 1971 1970 1971 J J Morbidity Tuberuclosis 0 12.7 11.6 Syphilis 0 8.5 5.3 Gonorrhea 1 2 42.7 88.1 324.8 422.0 Influenza 97 38 4,141.8 1,674.02,241.4 1,171.7 Hepatitis 0 ---2/ ---2 ---2/ Measles 0 21.3, 18.1 Deaths from All Causes 18 19 7.7.-' 8.4 9.3-i' 9.4 Malignant Neoplasms (Cancer) 4 2 170.8 88.1 167.0 168.4 Heart Diseases 7 8 289.9 352.4 342.3 349.6 Cerebrovascular Diseases 1 42.7 116.1 110.9 Arterioscieros is 1 42.7 22.0 21.2 Other Cardiovascular Diseases 0 3 132.2 15.2 17.3 Influenza and Pneumonia 0 26.5 26.4 Bronchitis, Emphysema, Asthma 1 42.7 24.9 26.9 Peptic Ulcer 0 1 44. 1 4.6 4.3 Cirrhois of Liver 0 13.8 15.8 Congenital Anomalies 0 44.1 7.1 8.2 Certain Infancy Mortality Causes 0 14.2 14.7 All Other Diseases 2 85.4 132.2 78.5 76.9
Accidents 2 85.4 64.4 61.3 Suicides 0 44.1 14.5 14.9 Homicides 0 4.4 3.8
1/ Rate per 100,000 population 2/ "District Facts" State of Oregon Executive Department, 1970 3/ Rate per 1,000 population SOURCE: Oregon State Department of HumanResources, StateHealth Division, Vital Statistics Section, VitalStatistics AnnualReport, 1971.
- 35 - Public Welfare
Table 46. Public Welfare Payments for Assistance in GilliamCounty, 1/ October 1970
Category Cases Average Payments 1970 1972 1970 1972
Direct Assistance Payments Old Age Assistance 9 7 $ 22.23 $ 9.71 Aid to the Blind 0 0 Aid to the Disabled 1 3 8.00 75.00 Aid to Dependent Children 23 30 40.30 49.30 General Assistance Foster Care Medical Care Payments Old Age Assistance 19 6 237.37 12.64 Aid to the Blind 0 Aid to the Disabled 1 1 4.50 3.25 Aid to Dependent Children 3 4 186.67 10.69 General Assistance 0 Foster Care 0
!/-- Gilliam County isno longer reported separately, but is incorporated with Wheeler Grant statistics under the heading ofGrant Branch (after March 1972) SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Human Resources,Public Welfare Division, Public Welfare in Oregon, October 1970,March 1972 Editions.
Table 47. Average Monthly Public Welfare Cases andCost Per Case in Gilliam County, 1968 and 1970
Category Number of Cases Average Payments 1968 1970 1968 1970 J f Aid to Dependent Children 9!" 23!" NA NA Old Age Assistance 6 9 $22.70 $20.36 Aid to Disabled 2 2 30.07 7.40 Aid to Blind
1/ Persons - not cases NA - Not available SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Human Resources,Public Welfare Division, Public Welfare in Oregon, October 1970,March 1972 Editions.
- 36 - Welfare Facilities
The State of Oregon operates three special schools for the handicapped, all located at Salem in Marion County. The School for the Blind provides special education for approximately 100 children with acute vision problems in a boarding school situation. The School for the Deaf provides parallel training for severely handicapped children from fouryears of age through high school. Oregon Fairview Home provides in-and-out patient training for mentally deficient minors and adults.
Housing
Table 48. Housing Occupancy and Facilities For Gilliam County, 1970
Gilliam County Subj ect State Number Units Percent Percent
Occupancy All Housing Units 942 100.0 100.0 Season and migratory 0 1.3 Owner Occupied 460 48.8 61.3 Renter Occupied 265 28.1 31.5 Vacant Year-round 217 23.1 5.9 Population in housing units Per Unit Owner Occupied 2.7 Renter Occupied 3.6 Persons Per Room All Occupied Units 725 100.0 100.0 1.00 or less 693 95.6 94.7 1.01 to 1.50 32 4.4 4.2 1.51 or more 0 1.1 Facilities Lacking some or all plumbing 84 8.9 3.6 Telephone available 676 71.8 89.5 Some Air Conditioning 243 25.8 10.3
Median Number of Rooms 5.2 5.0 Median Value $10,400 $11,300 Median Rent $ 65(192 units occupied) $ 69
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing, 1970 Detailed Housing Characteristics, Final Report HC (1)-B39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 1972.
- 37 - THE COUNTY'S ECONOMY
Gilliam County's economy is based mainlyon agricultural production. This consists largely of livestock production,ranching, and wheat farming. There is very little manufacturing carriedon within the county. Wholesale and retail trade play minor roles.
Agriculture
Agriculture is the primary source of income in GilliamCounty. The major agricultural activitiesare the production of beef and dryland grain. The dryland grain, predominantly wheat,is well suited to the county's soil and climatic conditions.
Land that is too steep for cultivation isused for grazing. Cattle are numerous throughout the county. Vegetables and other intensive cropsare not suited to the county's climatic conditions and,therefore, are not grown commercially.
The southern part of the county is devoted mainlyto production of cereals. Wheat crops are grown where bess soilsare present and where there is 8 to 15 inches of rainfall. The majority of the farmers followan alternate crop-fallow system.
There has been a reduction in farm and ranchnumbers due to the trend toward larger farm size. The average farm size in Gilliam County isover 4,500 acres. Average investment per farm in land and buildings increased from under $160,000 in 1959 toover $285,000 in 1969.
Table 49. Farm Size and Value in Gilliam County, 1959,1964 and 1969
Subj ect 1959 1964 1969
Approximate Acres of Land Area 774,400 773,120 773,056 Proportion in Farms 99.7 111.7 98.4 Total Number of Farms 195 186 166 Acres in Farms 772,437 863,341 760,410 Average Size of Farms 3,941.0 4,641.6 4,580.7 Value of Land and Buildings Average per Farm $ 159,755 $ 240,349 $ 285,475 Average per Acre 39.83 51.47 62.32
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture,1964 and 1969, Vol. 1. Area Reports Part 47, Oregon, U.S Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 1972.
- 38 - The next table shows the distribution of farm sizes. There are very few farms with acreage below 500 acres. In 1969, over 65 percent of the farms were 2,000 acres or more and only 17 percent below 500acres. The proportion of farms with larger acreages has been increasing.
Table 50. Farms by Size, Number and Percent of Gilliam County, 1959, 1964, 1969
Size Number Percent 1959 1964 1969 1959 1964 J J J 1969
Less than 10 acres 3 2 --- 1.6 1.1 10 to 49 acres 2 3 1.1 1.6 50 to 69 acres 70 to 99 acres 100 to 139 acres 1 1 0.5 0.5 140 to 179 acres 1 1 2 0.5 0.5 1.2 180 to 219 acres 1 1 1 0.5 0.5 0.6 220 to 259 acres 260 to 499 acres 9 9 9 4.8 4.8 5.4 500 to 999 acres 17 17 19 9.2 9.2 11.4 1,000 to 1,999 acres 36 36 26 19.4 19.4 15.7 2,000 or more acres 116 116 109 62.4 62.4 65.7
Total Farms 186 186 166 100.0 100.0 100.0
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1964 and 1969, Vol.1 Area Reports Part 47, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 1972.
The majority of farms in Gilliam County are classified as cash grain. Next in importance are livestock farms and ranches.
- 39 - Table 51. Farm by Type in Gilliam County-l954, 1959 and l96 Over Sales of $2,5OO(P
Type 1954 1959 1969
Cash-Grain 156 139 136 Vegetable Fruit and Nut Other Field Crops 2 Poultry 5 Dairy 9 5 Other Livestock 5 32 10 Livestock- Cattle, Hogs, Sheeps Goats General 154 19 1 Miscellaneous and Unclassified. 15 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1964 and 1969,Vol. 1 Area Reports Part 47, Oregon,U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 1972.
Classification of farms by economicclass considers only those clas- sified by the U.S. Department of Agriculture as "CommercialFarms".
In general, all farms witha total value of products sold amounting to $2,500 or more are classified as commercial. Farms with sales of $50 $2,499 are classified to as commercial if the farm operatorwas under 65 years of age and (1) he did not work off the farm 100or more days during the year and (2) the income received by the operator and members ofhis family from nonfarm sources was less than the value of all farm productssold. Over 97 percent of Gilliam County's farms are classifiedas commercial. In 1969 more than 60 percent of the county's farms hadsales over $20,000. Most of the farmers in the county are either full ownersor part owners. Census data show that in 1969,42 percent of farmerswere full owners, 42 percent were partowners, and 16 percent were tenants.
- 40 - Table 52. Farms by Economic Class, Gilliam County - 1959, 1964 and 1969
1959 1964 1969 Economic Class Total IPercent Total Ipercent Total Percent
Commercial Farms 180 92.3 177 95.2 162 97.6 Class I (Sales of $40,000 or more) 73 37.4 48 25.8 42 25.4 Class II (Sales of $20,000 to $39,999) 59 30.3 50 26.9 60 36.1 Class III (Sales of $10,000 to $19,999). 25 12.8 42 22.6 34 20.5 Class IV (Sales of $5,000 to $9,999) 3 1.5 28 15.1 10 6.0 Class V (Sales of $2,500 to $4,999) 14 7.2 6 3.2 14 8.4 Class VI (Sales of $50 to $2,499) 6 3.1 3 1.6 2 1.2
Other Farms 15 7.7 9 4.8 4 2.4 Part-time 5 2.6 6 3.2 3 1.8 Part-retirement 10 5.1 3 1.6 1 0.6 Abnormal
Total Farms 195 100.0 186 100.0 166 100.0
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1964 and 1969, Vol.1 Area Reports Part 47, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington D.C. 1972.
Table 53. Farm Operators by Tenure, Gilliam County - 1959, 1964 and 1969
Tenure 1959 1964 1969
Full Owners 66 67 67 Part Owners 77 78 67 Managers 4 S NA Tenants 48 36 26 NA - Not Available SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1964 and 1969, Vol. 1 Area Reports Part 47, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington D.C. 1972.
- 41 - Table 54. Farm Operators by Age and Years of School Completed Gilliam County - 1959, 1964 and 1969
Subject 1959 1964 1969
By Age: Average Age - Years 50.3 50.2 52 65 Years Old and Over 29 22 25
By Years of School Completed: Elementary: 0 to 4 years NA 5 NA 5 to 7 years NA 3 NA 8 years NA 68 NA High School: 1 to 3 years NA 50 NA 4 years NA 175 NA College: 1 to 3 years NA 43 NA 4 years or more. NA 41 NA NA - Not Avaiable SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1964 and 1969, Vol 1 Area Reports Part 47, Oregon, U S Government Printing Office Washington D.C. 1972.
Gilliam County agriculture provides income not only to the farmers, but also to the workers employed for harvesting, processing the agricultural products and farm service Receipts from the sale of crops and livestock in the county in 1970 was estimated at nearly $8 million.
In 1970, income from the sale of crops accounted for 58.2percent of the agricultural income while livestock accounted for 41 7percent Wheat alone provided 45 7 percent of the agricultural income and cattle contributed nearly 40 percent.
- 42 - Table 55. Value of Farm Products Sold in Gilliam County - 1961, 1965, and 1968-70
Products 1961 1965 1968 1969 1970p Thousands of Dollars
All Crops, Livestock and Livestock Products 6,822 6,356 6,150 6,723 7,991
All Crops 5,555 4,641 3,647 4,197 4,655 All Grain, Hay and Seeds 5,536 4,626 All Seed Crops 10 All Grain and Hay 5,535 4,626 3,644 4,195 4,599 All Hay 310 750 37 59 63 All Grains 5,504 4,551 3,607 4,136 4,536 Wheat 4,172 3,374 3,322 3,248 3,571 Barley 1,325 1,172 283 886 961 Vegetables Fresh, and for Processing All Berries All Tree Fruits and Nuts 10 Specialty Field Crops 55 Specialty Horticultural Crops..
All Livestock and Livestock Products 1,267 1,715 2,503 2,526 3,336 Dairy Products 70 40 2 1 1 Poultry and Products 5 4 4 Cattle and Calves 1,095 1,560 2,357 2,389 3,163 Sheep and Lambs 92 92 95 91 85 Hogs 20 12 9 10 53 p - preliminary SOURCE: 0.S.U. Extension Service and U.S.D.A. cooperatin "Oregon Commodity Data Sheets", Oregon State University, 1971-72.
Due to the small population within Gilliam County, markets for most agricultural products are outside the county. Wheat is transported to Portland by rail, truck or barge, and distributed from there.A few cattle are fattened and consumed locally; however, most are marketed outside the county. A number of the countys fattened cattle are marketed in Portland. Feeder and stocker cattle are sold, to feed lots in various parts of Oregon and Washington.
- 43 - Table 56. Acres of Crops Harvested, 1969 and 1970,Gilliam County
Crops Harvested 1969 1970p
Small Grains Wheat 86,800 81,000 Oats 200 400 Barley 44,000 40,000 Hay Crops 10,500 13,500 Vegetables Berries Tree Fruits, Nuts 1/ 2 NA Other Crops 1/ 97 NA p - preliminary NA - Not Available 1/ From U.S. Census of Agriculture, 1969 SOURCE: Oregon State Cooperative Extension Serviceand U.S.D.A. cooperating, "Oregon Commodity Data Sheets", 1971-72.
The estimated numbers of livestockand poultry in Gilliam County are shown in the table that follows.
The number of milk cows in thecounty has decreased significantly since l950--consjstent with thenational trend. The decline in consumption of dairy products per capita. and the rapid rise in milk productionper cow are two of the most important factorscontributing to this decrease
Sheep and lamb numbers have decreaseddrastically since 1940. They went from 62,000 in 1940 to 4,800 in 1970. The number of cattle other than milk cows has increased since 1950to total nearly 26,000 in 1970. Few chickens and virtually no turkeys were raised in the county inrecent years.
Table 57. Livestock and Poultry Numbers in GilliamCounty 1950, 1960, 1969, and 1970
Category / I 1950 1960 1969 l97Op
All Cattle 17,600 18,500 24,000 26,000 Dairy Cattle 500 400 150 150 Sheep and Lambs 20,500 12,500 5,000 4,800 Hogs 700 900 500 NA Chickens NA NA 3,000 3,000 Turkeys raised NA NA 50 1/ Numbers as of January 1, unless otherwiseindicated p - preliminary figures NA - Not Available SOURCE: OSU Cooperative Extension Serviceand USDA cooperating, "OregonCommodity Data Sheets", 1971-72.
- 44 - No firms are listed in Gilliam County for the food and kindred products category by either the 1967 U S Census of Manufactures or the 1970 edition of the Oregon Directory of Manufactures The large volumes of wheat and beef produced in the county are shipped to other areas for processing
Logging and Wood Products
There is no lumber or wood products manufacturing in Gilliam County The county contains very limited timber resources The 1970 Oregon Timber Harvest published by the U S Forest Service reported no timber har- vested in Gilliam County Similarly, no lumber or wood products manu- facturers are listed for Gilliam County by the 1967 U.S. Census of Manu- factures or the 1970 Oregon Directory of Manufactures.
Manufacturing
Manufacturing does not play an important role in Gilliam County's economy Only one manufacturer was listed for Gilliam County in the 1970 Oregon Directory of Manufactures. This was a newspaper-publishing firm located in Condon which employed six people part or full time.
Mining
Most of the income from mineral production is derived from sand, gravel, and stone, and varies considerably from year to year, depending on the current construction activities within the county Minor values of pumice are also produced.
According to the Oregon Department of Commerceas of 1970, there were no mineral, metal or related manufacturing firms located in Gilliam County.
Table 5 Value of Mineral Production, Gilliam County- 1961-1965, and 1970
Year Value Minerals Produced in Order of Value
1961 435,000 1962 748,000 Sand and gravel, stone 1963 1,180,000 1964 4,295,000 Stone, sand and gravel, pumice 1965 1,930,000 Stone, pumice, sand and gravel 1970 * Sand and gravel, stone - figure withheld to avoid disclosure SOURCE U S Bureau of Mines, taken from Oregon Economic Statistics, Minerals Yearbook, Bureau of Economic Research, University of Oregon, 1972
- 45 - Outdoor Recreation
Recreation is one of the major uses of forest landin Gilliam County. However, due to lack of water and adequate flows forfish, water-based recreational potential is restricted. Fishing use in Gilliam County is mainly limited to local people. As a result, the economic contribution of recreational activities is low in thecounty.
There are few developed recreational sites inGilliam County and no national forest recreation areas. However, three state facilitiesare available. They include two highway Wayside recreationareas, Dyer and Arlington Wayside areas and J.S. Burres State Park.
Dyer Wayside area has picnic facilitieson its one acre of land. It is located 10 miles south of Condonon State 19 in a scenic canyon that runs along a branch of 30 Mile Creek.
J.S. Burres State Park is locatedon 7 acres, 15 miles south of Wasco on Oregon 206. It is a small day-use park adjacent to the JohnDay River.
Arlington State Wayside covers 191acres of land and is a wayside recreational area.
There are also city parks located in Condon,Arlington, and Lonerock with a total of 16 acres. They had an attendance of 8,800 in 1970.
Table 59 . Gilliam County State Parks, 1972
Park Name Park Acreage
Arlington State Wayside 191.0 Dyer State Wayside !/ 0.6 J.S. Burres State Park 2/ 7.1 County Total 198.7 1/ Picnic Facilities 2/ Day-use Park SOURCE: Oregon State Highway Division, State Parks andRecreation Section, "State Park Acreages", June 1972.
The most important game animal in GilliamCounty is the mule deer. However, a number of hunters participate inpheasant and partridge seasons as well.
Public and private fishing facilitiesare provided in Gilliam County. Publically the sites of good fishing include; the Lower John Day River, the upper Reservoir site, which is publicallyowned by the corp of Army Engineers. Steelhead and warm water fish flourish in thisvicinity. There is light warm-water fishingyear-round. Medium steelhead fishing takes place during the winter months. At the Hay Creek site, which is
- 46 - publically owned by the Bureau of Land Management, there is a heavy spring and winter fishery available on steelhead This is a popular fishing area and is used quite often by the local residents The State Highway Department owns the Cottonwood Canyon site. Steelhead fishing is good during the spring and winter The Bureau of Land Management also owns the Devil Canyon site and Pete Indian Canyon site. Both provide the fisherman with spring and winter sport on steelhead.
Privately owned fishing sites that are accessible by permission are the Rock Creek site, which is a popular angling area for steelhead trout during the spring and winter months, and the Oregon Trail 4-H site which has heavy runs of steelhead during the winter and spring.
Table 60. Game Harvest in Gilliam County
Hunters Ki 1 1 Game Number Percent of Days Number Percent of State Total Hunted State Total
Pheasant 462 .64 1,775 1,242 .51 Quail 188 .72 791 1,126 .71 Chukar Partridge 670 4.05 2,209 3,650 3.17 Hungarian Partridge. 127 2.48 655 251 1.58 Mourning Dove 23 .14 49 453 .23 Ducks 130 .23 450 750 .13 Geese 190 .68 790 810 1.27 Deer 1/ 1,760 .63 NA 580 .66
1/ Statistics for Sherman game management area, not Gilliam County NA - Not Available SOURCE: Oregon Game Commission, "1966 Upland Game Questionnaire",1967; "Water Fowl Estimates, 1969-70 Season", 1970, Oregon State GameCommission Bulletin, May 1972.
- 47 - Business
Table 61. Retail Trade in Gilliam County- 1963 and 1967
Paid1/ Establishments Employees Sales Kind of Business (Number) (Number) ($1 000) 7.J 1963 I1967-"1963 196 196311967k
Retail Trade - Total 48 42 144 117 5,218 5,324 Lumber, Building Materials, Hardware, Farm Equipment Dealers 6 1, 159 General Merchandise Group Stores 2 NR Food Stores 8 816 Automotive Dealers 4 1,137 Gasoline Service Stations 7 635 Apparel, Accessory Stores 2 NR Furniture, Home Furnishing, Equipment Stores 2 NR Eating, Drinking Places 7 527 Drug Stores, Proprietary Stores 3 75 Other Retail Stores- Total 6 485 Liquor Stores 1 Farm, Garden Supply, Feed Stores 2 Nonstore Retailers- Total 1 NR
1/ Excludes active proprietors of unincorporated businesses. 2/ All establishments, not just those with payrolls. 3/ 1967 data not available broken down by business. NRNot reported to avoid disclosure. SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Business, 1963 and1967 Retail Trade Oregon, BC67-RA39, U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington D.C., 1969.
According to the U.S. Census of Business, wholesale tradeestablishments in 1967 totaled 11. They employed 14 people and made sales totaling $4,734,000. A more detailed breakdown was not given.
- 48 - Table 62. Selected Services, Gilliam County, 1967 PaidI' Kind of Business Establishments Employees Sales (Number) (Number) ($1,000)
Selected Services - Total 17 NR NR Hotels, Motels, Tourist Courts, Camps 5 Personal Services 5 Miscellaneous Business Services 1 Auto Repair, Services, Garages Miscellaneous Repair Services 2 Motion Pictures 1 Other Amusement, Recreation Services, exc. Motion Pictures 3
1/ Excludes active proprietors of unincorporated businesses. NR - Not Reported to avoid disclosure SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Business, 1967 Selected Services, BC67-SA39, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 1969.
PUBLIC SERVICE
Transportation
Gilliain County is bounded on its northern border by Federal Interstate 80N. It is traversed north and south by Highway 19 running from Arlington through Condon in the southern part of the county. Highway 206 runs east- west through the middle of the county. The federal and state roads connect the county to its surrounding areas. There is a network of secondary roads in most of the county, with access roads being developed.
Much of the freight and grain is handled by trucks and barge. Railroad facilities are available for grain shipments. Regular bus service is not available to most of the county's population.The Columbia River is used for shipment of goods down-river to Portland, and distributed further from there.
Condon has an airport for public use, but no commercial airlinesare available in the county.
49 - Table 63. Miles of Roadway in Gilliam County, 1972
Agency Miles
County 478.9 Public * 23.9 City street 23.2 Bureau of Land Management Corps of Engineers State 135.1
Total 661.1
* Public roadwaysunder county jurisdiction but generally privatelymaintained SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Transportation,State Highway Division, unpublished data, telephone interview, September,1972.
Table 64. Gilliam County Motor Vehicle Registration,1970 and 1971
Vehicle Number of vehicles 1970 1971
Passenger vehicles 1,616 1,435 Buses 22 22 Trucks 423 442 All trailers 102 58 Motorcycles 54 48 Recreational 119 125 Snowmobiles NA 0 Total vehicles 2,336 2,130 NA - Not available SOURCES: Oregon Department of Transportation,Motor Vehicles Division, taken from Bureau of Business and EconomicResearch Oregon Economic Statistics, 1972; Oregon Department ofTransportation, Motor Vehicle Division, unpublished data, telephoneinterview, 1972.
Table 65. Number of Aircraft and Boats, Gilliam County,1968
Subject Number
Aircraft 21 Boats 68 SOURCE: State of Oregon Executive Department, ProgramPlanning Division, "District Facts", March 1970.
- 50 - Communication
Gilliam County has no commercial radio stations within its borders. However, it is served by many other stations from surrounding areas. Telephone service is provided by Pacific Northwest Bell Company and Home Telephone Company. There are no television stations within the county, but Portland and Pasco, Washington stations are received.
Gilliam County has one newspaper that is published on Fridays. It is located in Condon.
Table 66. Gilliam County Communication Facilities
Type of Service Location Network Affiliation
Radio Stations None within the county, but served by others in the area.
Telephone Pacific Northwest Bell county Home Telephone Company Condon
Television None within the county, but served by Portland ABC, CBS, NBC and Pasco stations. SOURCES: Pacific Northwest Bell, unpublished data, 1971; Oregon Association of Broadcasters, Directory of Radio and Television Stations for the State of Oregon, 1972.
- 51 - Table 67. Residential Communication Facilities,Gilliam County, 1960 and 1970
Facilities Number of Housing Units 1960 1970
Battery radio sets Yes NA 617 No NA 130
Telephone available Yes 739 676 No 224 49
Televisionsets 1. 678 605 2or more 61 100 None 224 42 UHF equipped Ye S NA 338 No NA 367 NA - Not available SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing, 1970 Detailed Housing Characteristics, Final Report HC(l)-.B39 Oregon,U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.,1972.
Library
In 1970 Gilliam County provided $6,108for county library operation and spent $5,660. The county's circulationper capita of 3.85 and expen diture per capita of $2.10 compares withoverall state figures of 6.3 and $3.48.
Table 68. Gilliam County Libraries, 1970
City Volumes Circulation CirculationHours OpenOperating Expenditures Per Capita Per Week Expenditures Per Capita
Condon 5,372 8,348 7.26 18 $4,258 $3.70 Arlington 3,879 2,034 3.87 12 1,402 2.67 County Total 9,251 10,382 3.85 -- 5,660 2.10 SOURCE: Or egon State Library, Directory of Oregon Libraries,June 30, 1
- 52 - Utilities
In 1970 over 29 percent of Gilliam County households received their water from individual wells compared to under 17 percent for the state overall. The proportion of households using public sewers or private septic tanks are nearly the same for Gilliam County and for the state.
Table 69. Housing Units by Water Supply and Sewage Disposal, 1970
Gilliam County State Subj ect Percent Number Percent / /
Water Source Public system or private company. 633 66.4 79.8 Individual well 279 29.3 16.9 Other or none 41 4.3 3.3
Sewage disposal Public sewer 562 59.0 61.0 Septic tank or cesspool 358 37.6 37.5 Other or none 33 3.5 1.5
1/ Percent of all year-round housing. SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing, 1970 Detailed Housing Characteristics, Final Report HC(1)-B39, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 1971.
Electric power is provided in Gilliam County by Pacific Power and Light and Columbia Basin Electric Cooperative. There are no major electric power generating plants within the county.
Table 70. Types of Fuels for Heating, Cooking, by Number of Housing Units,1960 and 1970
Home Water Cooking Type of Fuel Heatin2 Fuel Heating Fuel Fuel 1960 1970 1960 1970 1960 1970
Utility gas 18 Fuel oil, kerosene 821 516 21 -- Coal or coke 20 Wood 81 20 - - Bottled, tank, or LP gas 47 21 18 Other fuel None 20 17 20 Electricity 61 166 730 861 729 All Housing Units 963 747 963 747 963 747 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing, 1960 and 1970Detailed Housing Characteristics, Final Report HC(1)-B39 Oregon, U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, Washington D.C. 1961, 1971.
- 53 -. PUBLIC FINANCE
Table 71. Selected Items of Local Government Finances for GilliamCounty, 1966-67
Gilliam County State I tern Total Per capita Per capita amount amount amount
General Revenue, excluding interlocal $1,238,000 $ 476 $ 308 Intergovernmental revenue 502,000 193 97 From state goverment 460,000 177 83 From local sources 736,000 283 210 Taxes 611, 000 234 156 Property 608,000 234 151 Other 3,000 1 5 Charges and miscellaneous 125,000 48 54 Direct General Expenditure 1,794,000 690 316 Capital outlay 642,000 247 62 Other 1,152,000 443 254 Education 755,000 290 180 Other than capital outlay 705,000 271 152 Highways 320,000 123 30 Other than capital outlay 271,000 104 20 Public Welfare 156 .06 1.71 Hospitals 6 Health 9,000 3 4 Police protection 25,000 10 12 Fire protection 2,000 .67 9 Sewerage 46,000 18 8 Other than capital outlay 1,000 .53 3 Sanitation 22,000 9 2 Parks and recreation 32,000 12 10 Natural resources 5,000 2 4 Housing and urban renewal 4 Correction 2 Libraries 4,000 1 3 Financial administration 32,000 12 5 General control 25,000 9 8 General public buildings 27,000 11 3 Interest on general debt 1,000 .25 6 Other and unallocable 490,000 189 21 Water supply revenue 43,000 17 12 Water supply expenditure 40,000 16 13
General debt outstanding 466,000 179 214 Long-term 466,000 179 203 Local Schools 101 Other 466,000 179 101 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census ofGovernments, 1967, Vol. 4, No.5: Comyendium of Government Finances,U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 1969.
- 54 - Table 72. Assessed Value of Taxable Property, Oregon and Gilliani County, 1966 and 1970-71
Gilliam County State I tern Dollars Percent Percent 1966 1970-71 1/ 1970-71 1/ 1966 Utilities' property Air line companies 0.1 Electric companies 202,601 750,473 1.1 1.8 5.5 Express companies 884 Gas companies 1,140,612 4,163,206 6.4 10.1 1.5 Heating companies 0.01 Pipe line companies 0.08 Railroad companies 1,254,859 5,927,383 7.0 14.4 1.7 Tank and private car companies 85,396 473,823 0.5 1.2 0.08 Telegraph companies 2,515 14,565 0.01 .03 0.02 Telephone companies 401,518 1,446,323 2.2 3.5 2.7 Water companies 0.09 Water trans. companies 11,775 31,600 0.07 .07 0.05 Total 3,100,160 12,807,373 17.4 31.2 11.9 Other real property Lands Inside corp. limits 295,430 730,970 1.7 1.8 9.6 Outside corp. limits 8,547,280 23,844,730 47.9 58.1 14.6 Improvements Inside corp. limits 1,223,000 5,761,380 6.8 14.0 29.1 Outside corp. limits 1,164,640 4,564,830 6.5 11.1 20.2 Timber (excludes land) 3.0 Less veterans exemptions 14,690 82,400 0.08 .2 1.1 Senior citizens residence exemptions 3,420 70,100 0.02 .2 0.5
Total taxable real property 11,212,240 34,749,410 62.8 84.7 74.9
Personal property Mdse. and stock in trade 236,810 786,180 1.3 1.9 6.5 Furniture, fixtures, and equipment 56,560 250,770 0.3 .6 1.4 Farm machinery equip 722,520 3,321,520 4.0 8.1 0.8 Other machinery equip 1,989,410 --- 11.1 3.2 Livestock 456,050 1,883,030 2.59 4.6 Miscellaneous 70,680 39,860 0.39 .1 0.1 Veterans exemptions
Total taxable personal property 3,532,030 6,281,360 19.8 15.3 13.1
Total taxable property 17,844,430 41,030,770 100.0 100.0 100.0 1/ Oregon State Department of Re venue, First Biennial Report. 1968-70. SOURCE: Oregon State Tax Commission, Biennial Report, 1i966-67; OregonDepartmentofRevenue, Supplement to 1968-70 Biennial Report Summary df Levies and Assessments and Analysis of City and County Property Tax Levies for 1970-71 Fiscal Year.
- 55 - laDle 73. Property lax Levies and Assessments, State of Oregon and Gilliam County 1966-67 and 1970-71
Gilliam County State Item lollars Percent Percent 1966-67 1970-71 1/ 1966-67 1970-71 1 1966-67 Local Government County l46,411 222,376 21.1 20.2 14.3 Cities 40,611 49,897 5.8 4.5 14.7 Total l87,022 272,273 27.0 24.7 29.0 School districts I.E D 228,946 226,930 33.0 20.6 20.0 Joint 0.2 Elementary F unified 226,350 545,216 32.7 49.6 37.9 Union high 43,631 50,129 6.3 4.6 4.1 County unit 2.5 Community college 1.4 Total 498,927 822,275 72.0 74.8 66.3 Special districts Cemetery 2,492 4,003 0.4 .4 0.07 Fire protection 1.5 Hospital 0.2 Park and recreation 0.18 Port 3,957 0.6 --- 0.9 Road 0.16 Sanitary 0.2 Water Supply 0.4 Other 0.05 Total 6,449 4,003 0.9 .4 3.6 Total Levies 692,397 1,098,551 99.9 99.98 98.9 Special assessment Fire patrol 230 252 0.03 .02 0.3 Forest fee 0.03 Diking and drainage 0.09 Irrigation 0.35 Lighting 0.05 East Side Fire Fund 23 0.02 Other 0.01 Total Assessment 253 252 0.03 .02 1.1 Total Gross Levies and Assessments 692,651 1,098,803 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less Property Relief Moneys Local relief NA 48,512 NA 4.4 Senior citizens NA 1,697 NA .2 Game Commission NA 32 NA Total Net Levies and Assessments NA 1,048,562 NA 95.3 NA - Not Available 1/ Oregon Department of Revenue, Summary of Levies and Assessments and Analysis of City and County Property Tax Levies eor 1970-71 Fiscal Year. SOURCE: Oregon State Tax Commission, Biennial Repdrt, 1966-67; Oregon State Department of Revenue, First Biennial Retort, 1968-70.
- 56 - Table 74. City Valuation, Tax Rates and Taxes Extended in Gilliam County
I tern Condon Arlington Lonerock
Population 940 400 12 Code Area 1 2 3 Assessed Value $4,999,728 $3,386,436 $63,350 Assigned Ratio 100% 100% 100% Rate/$1,000 by levying unit County 3.75 3.75 3.75 City 7.45 4.68 .00 School 11.78 13.45 11.78 Other .00 .22 .00 Total 22.99 22.10 15.53 City tax $ 37,298 15,489 $ Consolidated Tax $ 114,944 74,840 $ 984
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Revenue, Summary of Assessments and Tax Rolls for the 1971-72 Fiscal Year, and 1969-70 and 1970-71 Property Tax Collections.
Table 75. Per Capita City Taxes and Valuation Percentage Distribution of Consolidated Rates and Dollars Per Thousand Rates on True Cash Value in Gilliam County
I tern Condon Arlington Lonerock [
True Cash Value (T.C.V.) $4,999,728 $3,386,436 $ 63,350 Per Capita True Cash Value 5,319 8,466 5,279 Per Capita Tax City 40 40 Consolidated 122 187 82 Percentage of Total Levy County 16.3 17.0 24.2 City 32.4 21.2 .0 School 51.2 60.9 75.8 Other .0 1.0 .0 Average Rate/$TCV Basis County 3.75 3.75 3.75 City 7.46 4.68 .00 School 11.78 13.45 11.78 Other .00 .22 .00 Total 22.99 22.10 15.53 SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Revenue, Si4rnmary of Assessment and Tax Rolls for the 1971-72 Fiscal Year and 1969-70 and 1970-71 Property Tax Collections.
- 57 - Table 76. Summary of Assessment Rolls for 1971-72 Fiscal Year Real Property, Personal Property and Utilities, Gilliam County
Item Assessed Value Percent of ($1,000) Total
Class Real Property
Lands Inside Corporate Limits $ 789 .03 Lands Outside Corporate Limits 24,253 .77 Improvements Inside Corporate Limits 5,534 .10 Improvements Outside Corporate Limits. 4,584 .10 Timber (excludes land) Less Veterans Exemptions (101) .06 Less Senior Citizens Residence Exemptions (88) .08 Taxable Real Property 34,970 .22
Personal Property Merchandise and Stock inTrade 743 .06 Furn., Fixtures and Equip 243 .09 Farm Machinery and Equip, 3,289 2.13 Other Machinery and Equip 290 .05 Livestock 2,070 1.39 Miscellaneous 73 .09 Less Veterans Exemptions4 Less Senior Citizens Residence Exemptions Taxable Personal Property 6,708 .28 S Total Taxable Real and Personal Property 41,679 .23
Utilities Airline Companies Electric Companies 806 .09 Express Companies Gas Companies 4,259 1.63 Heating Companies Pipeline Companies Railroad Companies 6,108 2.44 Tank and Private Car Companies 574 2.91 Telegraph Companies 11 .24 Telephone Companies 1,436 .27 Water Companies Water Transportation Companies 52 .41 Taxable Utility Property 13,246 .63
Total Taxable Real, Personal and Utility Property 54,925 .27
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Revenue, Summary of Assessmentand Tax Rolls for the 1971-72 Fiscal Year; 1970-71 PropertyTax Collections.
- 58 - Table 77. Summary of 1971-72 Property Tax Levies and Assessments, Gilliam County
I tern Amount in Dollars
Levies County 206,279 Cities 53,146 Community Colleges Elementary and Secondary School District Intermediate County 424,660 Education Joint Elementary and Unified 231,929 Union High County Unit Total School Districts 656,589 Special Districts Cemetery 4,184 Fire Protection 30,263 Hospital Park and Recreation Port Road Sanitary Water Supply Other Total Special Districts 34,447 Total Gross Ad Valoreni Levies 950,461 Special Assessments Fire Patrol 302 Forest Fee Diking and Drainage Irrigation Lighting Other Total Special Assessments 302 Total Gross Levies and Assessments 950,763 Less Property Relief Moneys Senior Citizens (1,975)
Game Commission ( 30) Total Net Ad Valorem Levies 948,456 Net Ad Valorem Taxes By Class Real Property 602,193 Personal Property 114,799 Utility Property 231,464
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Revenue, Summary of Assessments and Tax Rolls for the Fiscal Year 1971-72
- 59 - Table 78. Amount and Percent of Unpaid Property Tax, Gilliam County, 1971
Percent of I tern Total Amount Amount Unpaid Unpaid
Property Taxable Real 677,600 $ 59,250 8.7 Personal 121,763 6,045 5.0 Public Utilities...... 249,150 0
Western Oregon Additional Timber Tax Yield Tax Total 1,048,513 65,295 6.2
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Revenue, Summary of Assessments and Tax Rolls for the Fiscal Year 1971-72.
- 60 - Selected List of Agencies
The following list gives names and addresses of agencies that have served as data sources for this publication and may provide further or more current data on subjects of interest.
In addition, a number of local and county offices are available to offer local information and assistance, including:
Agriculture Stabilization and Conservation Assessor City Library Corrections and Parole County Engineer County Extension County Surveyor Employment Division Game Commission Health Department Public Welfare Soil Conservation Service
Bureau of Business and Economic Research, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
Center for Population Research and Census, Po'tland State University, 724 S.W. Harrison, Portland, Oregon 97201
Children Services Division, Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Public Services Building, Salem, Oregon9731O
Department of Environmental Quality, 1234 S.W MorrisonPortland, Oregon 97204
S. Economic Research Service, U.S.D.A. Extension Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon97331
Extension Service, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon97331
Fish Commission of Oregon, 1400 S.W. 5th St.,Portland, Oregon97201
4-H Youth Office, Extension Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
Forest Service, U.S.D.A., 319 S.W. Pine St., Portland, Oregon 97204
Governor's Office, Economic Development Special Projects, State Capitol Building, Salem, Oregon 97310
Local Government Relations Division, Oregon Executive Department 240 Cottage S.E., Salem, Oregon97310
-61 - Oregon Association of Broadcasters, Allen Hall,University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
Oregon Board of Higher Education, School Financeand Statistical Services, 942 Lancaster Dr. N.E., Salem, Oregon97310
Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries,1400 S. W. 5th St., Portland, Oregon 97201
Oregon Educational Coordj.nating Council,4263Commercial S.E., Salem, Oregon 97310
Oregon State Department of Revenue, State OfficeBuilding, Salem, Oregon 97310
Oregon State Employment Division, Community Manpower,Research and Statistics, or Rural Manpower sections, Lab.and md. Building, Salem, Oregon 97310
Oregon State Game Commission,1634Alder, Portland, Oregon 97214
Oregon State Health Division, Department ofHuman Resources, 1400 S.W. 5th, Portland, Oregon 97201
Oregon State Highway Division, State Parks andRecreation Section, 8009 E. Burnside, Portland, Oregon 97215
Oregon State Lands Division, 502 Winter N.E.,Salem, Oregon 97310
22 Oregon State Library, State Library Building,Salem, Oregon 97310
Oregon State Public WelfaTe Division, Departmentof Human Resources, Public Services Building, Salem, Oregon 97310
Pacific Northwest Forest and Range ExperimentStation, U.S. Forest Service 809 N.E. 6th St., Portland, Oregon 97232
Secretary of State's Office, State Capitol Building,Salem, Oregon 97310
Soil Conservation Service, U.S.D.A., 1218 S.W.Washington, Portland, Oregon 97205
State Water Resources Board, 1158 ChemekétaN.E., Salem, Oregon97310
U.s. Department of Commerce,921 S.W.Washington, Portland, Oregon97204 (for copies of U.S. Census publications)
- 62 - Selected Bibliography
1. Bureau of Business and Economic Research, OregonEconomic Statistics 1972, University of Oregon, 1972.
2 Carolan, W BJr, Federal Land Oregon, Oregon State University, 1963
Center for Population Research and Census, PopulationEstirates of Counties and Incorporated Cities of Oregon, PortlandState University, July 1972
Office of the Governor, Planning Division,Health Facts, 1969.
Oregon Association of Broadcasters, Directorof Radio and Television Stations for the State of Oregon, 1972
6 Oregon Board of Higher Education, 1969 School Directoryand 1971-72 Oregon School-Community College Directory, School F)iiance andStatistical Services.
7. Oregon Conservation Needs Committee, Oregonoi1 and Water Conservation Needs Inventory, U.S. Soil Conservation Service,1971.
Oregon Department of Plnning and Development,Resources for Development, 1964.
Oregon Educational Coordinating Council, Past SecondaryEnrollment in Oregon, 1972
Oregon State Board of Census, Components of PopulationGrowth, Population Bulletin P-3, 1961.
Oregon State Board of Health, Oregon Plan fox Constructionand Modern- ization of Hospitals, Public Health Centers and Medical Facilities, 1971 Annual Revision, Health Facility Planning ana ConstructionSection, 1971
12 Oregon State Department of Commerce, Economic DevelopmentDivision, Directory of Oregon Manufacturers- 1970
Oregon State Department of Employment, 1965 OregonFarm Labor Report, 1966.
Oregon State Department of Environmental Quality, Water Quality Control In Oregon, Oregon Sanitary Authority, 1970.
15 Oregon State Department of Forestry jointly withU SForest Service, Oregon Timber Industries, 1968, Wood Consumption and MillCharacteristics, 1968.
Oregon State Department of Human Resources, CJildrenServices Division, Adolescent Population and Commitment Data by Counçy,by Calendar Year 1967-1970.
Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Employment Division, Labor Force and Employment in Oregon by County 1968 through 1971 publications, Research and Statistics Section.
- 63 - Oregon State Department of Human Resources,Employment Division, 1971 Annual Rural Manpower Report, 1972.
Oregon State Department of Human Resources,Employment Division, Oregon Covered Employment and Payrolls, 1970 and 1971,Summary Data, Research and Statistics Section, 1971, 1972.
Oregon State Department of Human Resources, OregonPublic Welfare Division, Public Welfare in Oregon, October 1970 andDecember 1970 editions.
Oregon State Department of Human Resources, OregonState Health Division, jjplementation and Enforcement Plan for the PublicWaters of the State of Oregon, Oregon Sanitary Authority, 1967.
Oregon State Departmentof Human Resources, Oregon State Health Division, Vital Statistics AnnualReport, Vital Statistics Section, 1971.
Oregon State Departmentof Revenue, First Biennial Report 1968-70.
Oregon State Department of Revenue, Summary ofAssessment and Tax Rolls for the 1971-72 Fiscal Year and 1969-70 and1970-71 Property Tax Collections, 1972.
Oregon State Department Øf Transportation, StateHighway Division, "Day Visitor Attendance", State Parks andRecreation Section, 1972.
Oregon State Department of Transportation, StateHighway Division, "Overnight Camping by the Public't, State Parks andRecreation Section, 1972.
Oregon State Department of Transportation,State Highway Division, "The State Park Visitor in Oregon", State Parks andRecreation Division.
Oregon State Executive Department, Clay Meyers,Secretary of State, Oregon Blue Book, 1971-72, January 1971.
29. Oregon State Executive Department,Local Government Relations Division, District Facts, 1970.
Oregon StateFisheries Commission, 1968 Annual Report.
Oregon StateGame Commission, 1968 Annual Report, OregonState Game Commission.
Oregon StateGame Commission, "Oregon State Game CommissionBulletin", May 1972.
Oregon State Lands Division, Inventory ofState-Owned Real Property, By County, 1970.
Oregon State Library, Directory ofOregon Libraries, annual statistics for the year ending June 30,1970.
- 64 - Oregon State University Cooperative Extension Service, Agriculture in Oregon Counties - Farm Sales and General Characteristics, Special Report 330, Oregon State University, 1971.
O.S.U. Cooperative Extension Service, Income and Poverty Data for Racial Groups: A Compilation for Oregon Census County Divisions, Special Report 367, Oregon State University, 1972.
Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1968.
State Water Resources Board, River Basin Reports.
State Water Resources Board, U.S.D.A. River Basin Reports on Water and Related Land Resources, 1962.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1969, Vol. 1 Area Reports, Part 47, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Business, 1967 Retail Trade: Oregon, BC 67 - RA 39, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1969.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Business, 1967 Wholesale Trade: Oregon, BC 67 - WA 39, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1969.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Governments, 1967, Vol. 4, No. 5: Compendium of Government Finances, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1969.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Governments, 1967, Vol. 3, No. 2, Compendium of Public Employment, U.S. Governnent Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1969.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing: 1970 Detailed Housing Characteristics, Final Report HC (1)- B39 Oregon, U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Manufacturers, 1967, Area Services: Oregon, MC 67(3) -38, U.S. Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,1970.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, U.S. Census of Population, General Demographic Trends for Metropolitan Areas, 1960 to 1970, Final Report PHC (2)-39, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1971.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Population Characteristics, Final Report PC(1) - B39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1971.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC(1) - C39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
- 65 - U.S.D.A. ad Cooperative Extension Service cooperating, "Oregon Commodity Data Sheets", Oregon State University, 1971-72.
U.S. Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau, Decennial Census of U.S. Climate, Supplement for 1951 through 1960, Oregon No. 86-31, 1965.
U.S. Forest Service, Forest statistics publications for various Oregon regions, Resource Bulletin PNW-1O, Pacific Northwest Experiment Station.
U.S. Forest Service, "1970 Timber Harvest", U.S.D.A. Forest Service Resource Bulletin PNW-38, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1971.
U.S. Soil Conservation Service, Soil Survey Reports.
- 66 - Extension Service, Oregon Stat Unisersily, Corvallis, Joseptili. Codkector.ThWposi: and distributed In furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1914. E*Ieijle. west Ins cooperative program of Oregon Stats University the U S Depetiment ofAgricullan,_- ONn :