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History of Oregon Volume 1, Part 2 Of 5p, e'oll F- ,I THE WORKS or OF HUBERT HOWE BANCROFT. VOLITME XXIX. 1t HISTORY OF OREGON. VOL. I. 1834-1848. SAN FRANCISCO: THE HISTORY COMPANY, PITBLISHERS. r 1886. Ii ---- 0 Pi THE more remote i in my History of the a part of the Histos plained. The later occurred within the they are wrought out a large proportion of Entered according to Act of Congress in the Year 1886, by HUBERT H. BANCROFT, having before appei In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. more difficult to treai modern epoch, from an earlier one which All Rigids Reserved. for centuries. Of th which have been pl sisted in making the and yet to the careft before him, the trutl The leading featu in bloody conquests i glory united to the the more gentle purl of earth by commer pany, the missionarlE into rival traders, anc States, all contributi Pr. to form a society at WAR (a'I secure the company's propei But these explanations did telligent of the Americans, the admission that the Am( chose to take alarm, and t intending to make war on tI CHAPTER XVII. Early in July 1844 a ] Alodeste, Captain Thomas THE IMMIGRATION OF 1844. guns, entered the ColumbN Vancouver; but it does not, BELLIGERENT ArTITUDE OF THIE BRITISH AND AMERICANS-VANCOUVER FOR- papers that any proffer of TIFIED-GATHERIBNG OF THE EMIGRANTS-THE SEVERAL DIVISIONS that the sloop remained AND COMPANIES-THE INDEPENDENT COLONY-CORNIELIuS GILLIAM- lon« NATHANIEL FORD-THE JOURNEY-SUFFERINGS ON THE JOURNEY- that the board of manage THEIR DESTITUTE CONDIETION-RECEPTION BY MISSIONARIES AND FUR- notified that England woul TRADERS-NAMES OF THE IMMIGRANTS-BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. north of the Columbia, and themselves accordingly. I HAVE said that there were two sessions of the The position which legislative committee the of 1844, which adjourned from Bay Company filled at thi June 27th to December 16th, in order to have an delicacy opportunity and not a little , of learning from the immigrants who intelligence from the were expected Unit( in the autumn the attitude of affairs creased. On between the rival the 24th of claimants of the Oregon Territory. Illinois had said in congress No less anxious than the Americans were the British speak subjects, freely and candidly, a] who, being well informed by the belligerent she never can speeches in congress, have an inc and the temper of the western inch of what people, began to look is now claim on their position in Oregon as territory." A determinatioi insecure. was the issue Nor upon which a was McLoughlin ignorant that the pilgrims States was of 1843 were prevented to be elected.' ( by circumstances rather than been said in by will from the English p hostile acts; and notwithstanding that Peel, "England the danger was knows her: averted for the time, he did not them;"' and by Lord Palm regret having written to England for protection.' 1 Gray, who seems not to understand t In the summer of 1844 he had added a bastion to of the company, attributes its defensive Fort Vancouver, and otherwise increased the defences tion of the military force called the Or 'The company had found that since the of the place, which before was hardly in a condition country these Indians had become m to resist attack. The reason given Blanchet takes Gray up sharply on this for these prepara- is seriously sneant. He says: 'It is fals tions was the threatening demeanor of the natives of fear from the Indians. If the fort was ri the interior, protective and defensive measures were and the necessity of doing something to against another kind of savageness.' His, 'Greenhow's Or. I JMcLoughlin's Private Papers, MS., and CaL, 394. 3d ser., 12. 'Roberts' Recollections, MS., 0. (446 ) WAR CLOUDS. 447 secure the company's property in case of an outbreak. But these explanations did not deceive the more in- telligent of the Americans, and while some smiled at the admission that the Americans were feared,2 others chose to take alarm, and to accuse the company of intending to make war on them. "ER XVII. Early in July 1844 a British sloop of war, the Modeste, Captain Thomas Baillie, carrying twenty 1ATION OF 1844. guns, entered the Columbia, and anchored opposite Vancouver; but it does not appear from McLoughlin's TISH AND AMERICANS-VANCOUVER FOR- papers that any proffer of protection was made, or EMIGRANTS-TITHE SEVERAL DIVISIONS NDENT COLONY-CORNELIUS GILLIAM- that the sloop remained long. It is certain, however, NEY-SUPTERINGS ON THE JOURNEY- that the board of management had been officially RECEPTION BY MISSIONARIES AND FUR- notified that England would not yield any of Oregon GRANTS-BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. north of the Columbia, and that they were to govern themselves accordingly. re were two sessions of the The position which the officers of the Hudson's 1844, which adjourned from Bay Company filled at this time was one of great 16th, in order to have an delicacy and not a little dread, which every fresh from the immigrants who intelligence from the United States or England in- tumn the attitude of affairs creased. On the 24th of January Wentworth of rits of the Oregon Territory. Illinois had said in congress: " I think it our duty to Americans were the British speak freely and candidly, and let England know that informed by the belligerent she never can have an inch of Oregon, nor another I the temper of the western inch of what is now claimed as the United States their position in Oregon as territory." A determination to maintain this position was the issue upon which a president of the United ignorant that the pilgrims States was to be elected.' On the other hand, it had y circumstances rather than been said in the English parliament, by Sir Robert and notwithstanding that Peel, " England knows her rights and dares maintain for the time, he did not them;" and by Lord Palmerston, that if Linn's bill D England for protection.' I Gray, who seems not to understand the influence of congress on these acts he had added a bastion to of the company, attributes its defensive attitude at this tine to the forma- rwise increased the defences tion of the military force called the Oregon Rangers; and says sneeringly: 'The company had found that since the Americans began to settle in the e was hardly in a condition country these Indians had become more dangerous. Hidt. Or., 374-5. Blanchet takes Gray up sharply on this statement, which he seems to think son given for these prepara- is seriously meant. He says: 'It is false that the company had anything to demeanor of the natives of fear from the Indians. If the fort was repaired, bastions built, and all other protective and defensive measures were completed, it was to defend itself ssity of doing something to against another kind of savageness.' Hist. Cath. Church in Or., 145. GGreenhow's Or. and Cal., 394. ,, 3d ser., 12. 'Roberts' Recollections, MS., 6. (446) 148 THE IMMIGRATION OF 1844. CORNELIUS ( had passed both houses of congress it would have year. Nor by saying this d been a declaration of war.' This belligerent attitude They were brave, loyal, earn on both sides was also as well known to uneducated execute than to command; western men, who were capital Indian-fighters, and ment than to construct one. who had served under Jackson and Taylor, as it was more toward military glory l to the 'Scholarly officers of the British fur comyany.' ship. This spirit led them to The inducement to go to Oregon was not lessened by rules for their journey to th the prospect of having to drive out the nation which a set of officers sufficient foi had been fought at New Orleans and along the bor- as general. 7 der, and a large number of people collected at differ- Nothing is known of Gil ent points on the Missouri River, amounting in all to was brave, obstinate, impetu fourteen hundred persons. The company which ren- good natural abilities, and bi dezvoused near Weston, at a place called Capler's land- accomplishments were varied ing, was led by Cornelius Gilliam, who had conceived Black Hawk war, and also the idea of an independent colony, as best suited to Florida, as captain; he had his fancy and the temper of the men. The leaders Christ; he had been sheriff of 1844 were hardly equal to those of the previous served in the Missouri legisl just the robust, impulsive, 5 Cong. Globe, 1843-4, app. 98. courageous leader the men of 6Minto's Early Days, MS., 20. 8 7 McLoughlin places the number of immigrants of 1844 at 1,475. Private His aid was John Inyard. Papers, MS., 2d ser., 9. A letter in the Western, Mo., Expositor of May 18, The colonel of the organ] 1844, and dated at 'Oregon Camps' May L15th, says: 'Our company when joined with yours will be very large-much the largest that has ever crossed Simmons, uneducated, but I the Rocky Mountains. There are in the Independent Oregon Colony, at this who sought date, 1 minister, 1 lawyer, I millwright, 3 millers, 1 tailor, 1 ship-carpenter, in emigration to 2 blacksmiths, I cooper, 1 tailoress, 2 cabinet-makers, 5 carpenters, 4 wheel- tune and health. Four capt, wrights, 2 shoemakers, 1 weaver, i gunsmith, 1 wagon-maker, 1 merchant, and the rest farmers. There are 48 families, 108 men (of whom 60 are young Gilliam: R. W. Morrison, A men), 323 persons; 410 oxen, 160 cows (16 of which are team cows), 143 young Woodcock, and Elijah Bunto cattle, 54 horses, 41 mules, and 72 wagons.
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