DOCSLIB.ORG

History of Oregon Volume 1, Part 2 Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

5p, e'oll F- ,I THE WORKS or OF HUBERT HOWE BANCROFT. VOLITME XXIX. 1t HISTORY OF OREGON. VOL. I. 1834-1848. SAN FRANCISCO: THE HISTORY COMPANY, PITBLISHERS. r 1886. Ii ---- 0 Pi THE more remote i in my History of the a part of the Histos plained. The later occurred within the they are wrought out a large proportion of Entered according to Act of Congress in the Year 1886, by HUBERT H. BANCROFT, having before appei In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. more difficult to treai modern epoch, from an earlier one which All Rigids Reserved. for centuries. Of th which have been pl sisted in making the and yet to the careft before him, the trutl The leading featu in bloody conquests i glory united to the the more gentle purl of earth by commer pany, the missionarlE into rival traders, anc States, all contributi Pr. to form a society at WAR (a'I secure the company's propei But these explanations did telligent of the Americans, the admission that the Am( chose to take alarm, and t intending to make war on tI CHAPTER XVII. Early in July 1844 a ] Alodeste, Captain Thomas THE IMMIGRATION OF 1844. guns, entered the ColumbN Vancouver; but it does not, BELLIGERENT ArTITUDE OF THIE BRITISH AND AMERICANS-VANCOUVER FOR- papers that any proffer of TIFIED-GATHERIBNG OF THE EMIGRANTS-THE SEVERAL DIVISIONS that the sloop remained AND COMPANIES-THE INDEPENDENT COLONY-CORNIELIuS GILLIAM- lon« NATHANIEL FORD-THE JOURNEY-SUFFERINGS ON THE JOURNEY- that the board of manage THEIR DESTITUTE CONDIETION-RECEPTION BY MISSIONARIES AND FUR- notified that England woul TRADERS-NAMES OF THE IMMIGRANTS-BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. north of the Columbia, and themselves accordingly. I HAVE said that there were two sessions of the The position which legislative committee the of 1844, which adjourned from Bay Company filled at thi June 27th to December 16th, in order to have an delicacy opportunity and not a little , of learning from the immigrants who intelligence from the were expected Unit( in the autumn the attitude of affairs creased. On between the rival the 24th of claimants of the Oregon Territory. Illinois had said in congress No less anxious than the Americans were the British speak subjects, freely and candidly, a] who, being well informed by the belligerent she never can speeches in congress, have an inc and the temper of the western inch of what people, began to look is now claim on their position in Oregon as territory." A determinatioi insecure. was the issue Nor upon which a was McLoughlin ignorant that the pilgrims States was of 1843 were prevented to be elected.' ( by circumstances rather than been said in by will from the English p hostile acts; and notwithstanding that Peel, "England the danger was knows her: averted for the time, he did not them;"' and by Lord Palm regret having written to England for protection.' 1 Gray, who seems not to understand t In the summer of 1844 he had added a bastion to of the company, attributes its defensive Fort Vancouver, and otherwise increased the defences tion of the military force called the Or 'The company had found that since the of the place, which before was hardly in a condition country these Indians had become m to resist attack. The reason given Blanchet takes Gray up sharply on this for these prepara- is seriously sneant. He says: 'It is fals tions was the threatening demeanor of the natives of fear from the Indians. If the fort was ri the interior, protective and defensive measures were and the necessity of doing something to against another kind of savageness.' His, 'Greenhow's Or. I JMcLoughlin's Private Papers, MS., and CaL, 394. 3d ser., 12. 'Roberts' Recollections, MS., 0. (446 ) WAR CLOUDS. 447 secure the company's property in case of an outbreak. But these explanations did not deceive the more in- telligent of the Americans, and while some smiled at the admission that the Americans were feared,2 others chose to take alarm, and to accuse the company of intending to make war on them. "ER XVII. Early in July 1844 a British sloop of war, the Modeste, Captain Thomas Baillie, carrying twenty 1ATION OF 1844. guns, entered the Columbia, and anchored opposite Vancouver; but it does not appear from McLoughlin's TISH AND AMERICANS-VANCOUVER FOR- papers that any proffer of protection was made, or EMIGRANTS-TITHE SEVERAL DIVISIONS NDENT COLONY-CORNELIUS GILLIAM- that the sloop remained long. It is certain, however, NEY-SUPTERINGS ON THE JOURNEY- that the board of management had been officially RECEPTION BY MISSIONARIES AND FUR- notified that England would not yield any of Oregon GRANTS-BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. north of the Columbia, and that they were to govern themselves accordingly. re were two sessions of the The position which the officers of the Hudson's 1844, which adjourned from Bay Company filled at this time was one of great 16th, in order to have an delicacy and not a little dread, which every fresh from the immigrants who intelligence from the United States or England in- tumn the attitude of affairs creased. On the 24th of January Wentworth of rits of the Oregon Territory. Illinois had said in congress: " I think it our duty to Americans were the British speak freely and candidly, and let England know that informed by the belligerent she never can have an inch of Oregon, nor another I the temper of the western inch of what is now claimed as the United States their position in Oregon as territory." A determination to maintain this position was the issue upon which a president of the United ignorant that the pilgrims States was to be elected.' On the other hand, it had y circumstances rather than been said in the English parliament, by Sir Robert and notwithstanding that Peel, " England knows her rights and dares maintain for the time, he did not them;" and by Lord Palmerston, that if Linn's bill D England for protection.' I Gray, who seems not to understand the influence of congress on these acts he had added a bastion to of the company, attributes its defensive attitude at this tine to the forma- rwise increased the defences tion of the military force called the Oregon Rangers; and says sneeringly: 'The company had found that since the Americans began to settle in the e was hardly in a condition country these Indians had become more dangerous. Hidt. Or., 374-5. Blanchet takes Gray up sharply on this statement, which he seems to think son given for these prepara- is seriously meant. He says: 'It is false that the company had anything to demeanor of the natives of fear from the Indians. If the fort was repaired, bastions built, and all other protective and defensive measures were completed, it was to defend itself ssity of doing something to against another kind of savageness.' Hist. Cath. Church in Or., 145. GGreenhow's Or. and Cal., 394. ,, 3d ser., 12. 'Roberts' Recollections, MS., 6. (446) 148 THE IMMIGRATION OF 1844. CORNELIUS ( had passed both houses of congress it would have year. Nor by saying this d been a declaration of war.' This belligerent attitude They were brave, loyal, earn on both sides was also as well known to uneducated execute than to command; western men, who were capital Indian-fighters, and ment than to construct one. who had served under Jackson and Taylor, as it was more toward military glory l to the 'Scholarly officers of the British fur comyany.' ship. This spirit led them to The inducement to go to Oregon was not lessened by rules for their journey to th the prospect of having to drive out the nation which a set of officers sufficient foi had been fought at New Orleans and along the bor- as general. 7 der, and a large number of people collected at differ- Nothing is known of Gil ent points on the Missouri River, amounting in all to was brave, obstinate, impetu fourteen hundred persons. The company which ren- good natural abilities, and bi dezvoused near Weston, at a place called Capler's land- accomplishments were varied ing, was led by Cornelius Gilliam, who had conceived Black Hawk war, and also the idea of an independent colony, as best suited to Florida, as captain; he had his fancy and the temper of the men. The leaders Christ; he had been sheriff of 1844 were hardly equal to those of the previous served in the Missouri legisl just the robust, impulsive, 5 Cong. Globe, 1843-4, app. 98. courageous leader the men of 6Minto's Early Days, MS., 20. 8 7 McLoughlin places the number of immigrants of 1844 at 1,475. Private His aid was John Inyard. Papers, MS., 2d ser., 9. A letter in the Western, Mo., Expositor of May 18, The colonel of the organ] 1844, and dated at 'Oregon Camps' May L15th, says: 'Our company when joined with yours will be very large-much the largest that has ever crossed Simmons, uneducated, but I the Rocky Mountains. There are in the Independent Oregon Colony, at this who sought date, 1 minister, 1 lawyer, I millwright, 3 millers, 1 tailor, 1 ship-carpenter, in emigration to 2 blacksmiths, I cooper, 1 tailoress, 2 cabinet-makers, 5 carpenters, 4 wheel- tune and health. Four capt, wrights, 2 shoemakers, 1 weaver, i gunsmith, 1 wagon-maker, 1 merchant, and the rest farmers. There are 48 families, 108 men (of whom 60 are young Gilliam: R. W. Morrison, A men), 323 persons; 410 oxen, 160 cows (16 of which are team cows), 143 young Woodcock, and Elijah Bunto cattle, 54 horses, 41 mules, and 72 wagons.
Recommended publications
  • 2019 Oregon Administrative Rules Compilation

    2019 Oregon Administrative Rules Compilation

    2019 OREGON ADMINISTRATIVE RULES COMPILATION CHAPTER 736 Parks and Recreation Department Published By DENNIS RICHARDSON Secretary of State Copyright 2019 Office of the Secretary of State Rules effective as of January 01, 2019 DIVISION 1 PROCEDURAL RULES 736-001-0000 Notice of Proposed Rules 736-001-0005 Model Rules of Procedure 736-001-0030 Fees for Public Records DIVISION 2 ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIVITIES 736-002-0010 State Park Cooperating Associations 736-002-0015 Working with Donor Organizations 736-002-0020 Criminal Records Checks 736-002-0030 Definitions 736-002-0038 Designated Positions: Authorized Designee and Contact Person 736-002-0042 Criminal Records Check Process 736-002-0050 Preliminary Fitness Determination. 736-002-0052 Hiring or Appointing on a Preliminary Basis 736-002-0058 Final Fitness Determination 736-002-0070 Crimes Considered 736-002-0102 Appealing a Fitness Determination 736-002-0150 Recordkeeping, Confidentiality, and Retention 736-002-0160 Fees DIVISION 3 WILLAMETTE RIVER GREENWAY PLAN 736-003-0005 Willamette River Greenway Plan DIVISION 4 DISTRIBUTION OF ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLE FUNDSTO PUBLIC AND PRIVATELY OWNED LANDMANAGERS, ATV CLUBS AND ORGANIZATIONS 736-004-0005 Purpose of Rule 736-004-0010 Statutory Authority 736-004-0015 Definitions 736-004-0020 ATV Grant Program: Apportionment of Monies 736-004-0025 Grant Application Eligibility and Requirements 736-004-0030 Project Administration 736-004-0035 Establishment of the ATV Advisory Committee 736-004-0045 ATV Operating Permit Agent Application and Privileges 736-004-0060
  • Limited Horizons on the Oregon Frontier : East Tualatin Plains and the Town of Hillsboro, Washington County, 1840-1890

    Limited Horizons on the Oregon Frontier : East Tualatin Plains and the Town of Hillsboro, Washington County, 1840-1890

    Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1988 Limited horizons on the Oregon frontier : East Tualatin Plains and the town of Hillsboro, Washington County, 1840-1890 Richard P. Matthews Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the History Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Matthews, Richard P., "Limited horizons on the Oregon frontier : East Tualatin Plains and the town of Hillsboro, Washington County, 1840-1890" (1988). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 3808. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.5692 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Richard P. Matthews for the Master of Arts in History presented 4 November, 1988. Title: Limited Horizons on the Oregon Frontier: East Tualatin Plains and the Town of Hillsboro, Washington county, 1840 - 1890. APPROVED BY MEMBE~~~ THESIS COMMITTEE: David Johns n, ~on B. Dodds Michael Reardon Daniel O'Toole The evolution of the small towns that originated in Oregon's settlement communities remains undocumented in the literature of the state's history for the most part. Those .::: accounts that do exist are often amateurish, and fail to establish the social and economic links between Oregon's frontier towns to the agricultural communities in which they appeared. The purpose of the thesis is to investigate an early settlement community and the small town that grew up in its midst in order to better understand the ideological relationship between farmers and townsmen that helped shape Oregon's small towns.
  • Oregon Historic Trails Report Book (1998)

    Oregon Historic Trails Report Book (1998)

    i ,' o () (\ ô OnBcox HrsroRrc Tnans Rpponr ô o o o. o o o o (--) -,J arJ-- ö o {" , ã. |¡ t I o t o I I r- L L L L L (- Presented by the Oregon Trails Coordinating Council L , May,I998 U (- Compiled by Karen Bassett, Jim Renner, and Joyce White. Copyright @ 1998 Oregon Trails Coordinating Council Salem, Oregon All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Oregon Historic Trails Report Table of Contents Executive summary 1 Project history 3 Introduction to Oregon's Historic Trails 7 Oregon's National Historic Trails 11 Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail I3 Oregon National Historic Trail. 27 Applegate National Historic Trail .41 Nez Perce National Historic Trail .63 Oregon's Historic Trails 75 Klamath Trail, 19th Century 17 Jedediah Smith Route, 1828 81 Nathaniel Wyeth Route, t83211834 99 Benjamin Bonneville Route, 1 833/1 834 .. 115 Ewing Young Route, 1834/1837 .. t29 V/hitman Mission Route, 184l-1847 . .. t4t Upper Columbia River Route, 1841-1851 .. 167 John Fremont Route, 1843 .. 183 Meek Cutoff, 1845 .. 199 Cutoff to the Barlow Road, 1848-1884 217 Free Emigrant Road, 1853 225 Santiam Wagon Road, 1865-1939 233 General recommendations . 241 Product development guidelines 243 Acknowledgements 241 Lewis & Clark OREGON National Historic Trail, 1804-1806 I I t . .....¡.. ,r la RivaÌ ï L (t ¡ ...--."f Pðiräldton r,i " 'f Route description I (_-- tt |".
  • “A Proper Attitude of Resistance”

    “A Proper Attitude of Resistance”

    Library of Congress, sn84026366 “A Proper Attitude of Resistance” The Oregon Letters of A.H. Francis to Frederick Douglass, 1851–1860 PRIMARY DOCUMENT by Kenneth Hawkins BETWEEN 1851 AND 1860, A.H. Francis wrote over a dozen letters to his friend Frederick Douglass, documenting systemic racism and supporting Black rights. Douglass I: “A PROPER ATTITUDE OF RESISTANCE” 1831–1851 published those letters in his newspapers, The North Star and Frederick Douglass’ Paper. The November 20, 1851, issue of Frederick Douglass’ Paper is shown here. In September 1851, when A.H. Francis flourished. The debate over whether and his brother I.B. Francis had just to extend slavery to Oregon contin- immigrated from New York to Oregon ued through the decade, eventually and set up a business on Front Street entangling A.H. in a political feud in Portland, a judge ordered them to between Portland’s Whig newspaper, in letters to Black newspapers, Francis 200 White Oregonians (who signed a leave the territory. He found them in the Oregonian, edited by Thomas explored the American Revolution’s petition to the territorial legislature on violation of Oregon’s Black exclusion Dryer, and Oregon’s Democratic party legacy of rights for Blacks, opposed their behalf), the brothers successfully law, which barred free and mixed-race organ in Salem, the Oregon States- schemes to colonize Africa with free resisted the chief Supreme Court jus- Black people from residence and man, edited by Asahel Bush.2 Francis American Black people, and extolled tice’s expulsion order and negotiated most civil rights. A.H. had been an also continued his collaboration with the opportunities available through accommodations to succeed on the active abolitionist in New York for two Douglass through a series of letters economic uplift and immigration to the far periphery of what Thomas Jefferson decades, working most recently with that Douglass published between American West.
  • Portland City Council Agenda

    Portland City Council Agenda

    CITY OF OFFICIAL PORTLAND, OREGON MINUTES A REGULAR MEETING OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF PORTLAND, OREGON WAS HELD THIS 13TH DAY OF JUNE, 2018 AT 9:30 A.M. THOSE PRESENT WERE: Mayor Wheeler, Presiding; Commissioners Eudaly, Fish, Fritz and Saltzman, 5. OFFICERS IN ATTENDANCE: Karla Moore-Love, Clerk of the Council; Karen Moynahan, Chief Deputy City Attorney; Heidi Brown, Senior Deputy City Attorney at 1:35 p.m.; and Nicholas Livingston and John Paolazzi, Sergeants at Arms. Item No. 633 was pulled for discussion and on a Y-5 roll call, the balance of the Consent Agenda was adopted. The meeting recessed at 12:23 p.m. and reconvened at 12:30 p.m. Disposition: COMMUNICATIONS 622 Request of Dee White to address Council regarding chronically dangerous levels of lead in our drinking water (Communication) PLACED ON FILE 623 Request of David Kif Davis to address Council regarding City sponsored political terrorism (Communication) PLACED ON FILE 624 Request of Kevin Fitts to address Council regarding elderly/disabled centered housing policies in low income housing (Communication) PLACED ON FILE 625 Request of Paul Watts, Graffiti Removal Services to address Council regarding progress report on graffiti removal program (Communication) PLACED ON FILE June 13-14, 2018 TIMES CERTAIN 626 TIME CERTAIN: 9:45 AM – Add a new per night fee assessed on Booking Agents or Transient Lodging Intermediaries for the privilege of facilitating a Short-Term Rental Occupancy (Ordinance introduced by Mayor Wheeler and Commissioner Fish; add Code Chapter 6.09) 45 minutes requested for items 626 and 627 PASSED TO Motion that the funds will go directly to the Housing SECOND READING Investment Fund and amend ordinance and impact statement AS AMENDED accordingly: Moved by Wheeler and seconded by Fish.
  • Published Occasionally by the Friends of the Bancroft Library University of California, Berkeley 4, California

    Published Occasionally by the Friends of the Bancroft Library University of California, Berkeley 4, California

    PUBLISHED OCCASIONALLY BY THE FRIENDS OF THE BANCROFT LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 4, CALIFORNIA MHRQH, 1950 I Foreword alike have welcomed the relocation, which meant more room for the proper arrange­ WITH THIS ISSUE we hope to begin answer­ ment and accessibility of materials, and en­ ing the familiar query, "What's going on in larged and more comfortable work space for the Bancroft?" The Library has long dreamed research. The Bancroft Library has now of an occasional publication to convey news completed its sixth move since its creation and information to its many friends. Now, by Hubert Howe Bancroft. It is to be hoped with much to tell about our activities and that this is the last step before the Library is new quarters, Bancroftiana makes its debut. finally established in a permanent building The choice of a name for our publication of its own at some not-too-distant date. gave us some uneasy moments, but after The move to Bancroft's new quarters was much mulling over of dictionary and the­ not accomplished without mixed feelings saurus we found a definition that took our and many backward glances on the part of fancy: "-ana: a suffix added to proper names various old-timers who had "grown up" to form nouns denoting items of bibliog­ (academically speaking) in the crowded and raphy, anecdotes, literary gossip, or other well-worn old Bancroft. Scholars and re­ facts or pieces of information, concerning the searchers who sought it as an "Ivory Tower" designated object..." So Bancroftiana it is. in the midst of a busy and impersonal Uni­ We hope you like it.
  • Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861

    Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861

    Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1-1-2011 The Pursuit of Commerce: Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861 Cessna R. Smith Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Smith, Cessna R., "The Pursuit of Commerce: Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861" (2011). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 258. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.258 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. The Pursuit of Commerce: Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861 by Cessna R. Smith A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Thesis Committee: William L. Lang, Chair David A. Horowitz David A. Johnson Barbara A. Brower Portland State University ©2011 ABSTRACT This thesis examines how the pursuit of commercial gain affected the development of agriculture in western Oregon’s Willamette, Umpqua, and Rogue River Valleys. The period of study begins when the British owned Hudson’s Bay Company began to farm land in and around Fort Vancouver in 1825, and ends in 1861—during the time when agrarian settlement was beginning to expand east of the Cascade Mountains. Given that agriculture
  • A Brief History of the Umatilla National Forest

    A Brief History of the Umatilla National Forest

    A BRIEFHISTORYOFTHE UMATILLA NATIONAL FOREST1 Compiled By David C. Powell June 2008 1804-1806 The Lewis and Clark Expedition ventured close to the north and west sides of the Umatilla National Forest as they traveled along the Snake and Columbia rivers. As the Lewis & Clark party drew closer to the Walla Walla River on their return trip in 1806, their journal entries note the absence of firewood, Indian use of shrubs for fuel, abundant roots for human consumption, and good availability of grass for horses. Writing some dis- tance up the Walla Walla River, William Clark noted that “great portions of these bottoms has been latterly burnt which has entirely destroyed the timbered growth” (Robbins 1997). 1810-1840 This 3-decade period was a period of exploration and use by trappers, missionaries, natu- ralists, and government scientists or explorers. William Price Hunt (fur trader), John Kirk Townsend (naturalist), Peter Skene Ogden (trap- per and guide), Thomas Nuttall (botanist), Reverend Samuel Parker (missionary), Marcus and Narcissa Whitman (missionaries), Henry and Eliza Spaulding (missionaries), Captain Benjamin Bonneville (military explorer), Captain John Charles Fremont (military scientist), Nathaniel J. Wyeth (fur trader), and Jason Lee (missionary) are just a few of the people who visited and described the Blue Mountains during this era. 1840-1859 During the 1840s and 1850s – the Oregon Trail era – much overland migration occurred as settlers passed through the Blue Mountains on their way to the Willamette Valley (the Oregon Trail continued to receive fairly heavy use until well into the late 1870s). The Ore- gon Trail traversed the Umatilla National Forest.
  • The Frontiers of American Grand Strategy: Settlers, Elites, and the Standing Army in America’S Indian Wars

    The Frontiers of American Grand Strategy: Settlers, Elites, and the Standing Army in America’S Indian Wars

    THE FRONTIERS OF AMERICAN GRAND STRATEGY: SETTLERS, ELITES, AND THE STANDING ARMY IN AMERICA’S INDIAN WARS A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Government By Andrew Alden Szarejko, M.A. Washington, D.C. August 11, 2020 Copyright 2020 by Andrew Alden Szarejko All Rights Reserved ii THE FRONTIERS OF AMERICAN GRAND STRATEGY: SETTLERS, ELITES, AND THE STANDING ARMY IN AMERICA’S INDIAN WARS Andrew Alden Szarejko, M.A. Thesis Advisor: Andrew O. Bennett, Ph.D. ABSTRACT Much work on U.S. grand strategy focuses on the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. If the United States did have a grand strategy before that, IR scholars often pay little attention to it, and when they do, they rarely agree on how best to characterize it. I show that federal political elites generally wanted to expand the territorial reach of the United States and its relative power, but they sought to expand while avoiding war with European powers and Native nations alike. I focus on U.S. wars with Native nations to show how domestic conditions created a disjuncture between the principles and practice of this grand strategy. Indeed, in many of America’s so- called Indian Wars, U.S. settlers were the ones to initiate conflict, and they eventually brought federal officials into wars that the elites would have preferred to avoid. I develop an explanation for settler success and failure in doing so. I focus on the ways that settlers’ two faits accomplis— the act of settling on disputed territory without authorization and the act of initiating violent conflict with Native nations—affected federal decision-making by putting pressure on speculators and local elites to lobby federal officials for military intervention, by causing federal officials to fear that settlers would create their own states or ally with foreign powers, and by eroding the credibility of U.S.
  • “We'll All Start Even”

    “We'll All Start Even”

    Gary Halvorson, Oregon State Archives Gary Halvorson, Oregon State “We’ll All Start Even” White Egalitarianism and the Oregon Donation Land Claim Act KENNETH R. COLEMAN THIS MURAL, located in the northwest corner of the Oregon State Capitol rotunda, depicts John In Oregon, as in other parts of the world, theories of White superiority did not McLoughlin (center) of the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) welcoming Presbyterian missionaries guarantee that Whites would reign at the top of a racially satisfied world order. Narcissa Whitman and Eliza Spalding to Fort Vancouver in 1836. Early Oregon land bills were That objective could only be achieved when those theories were married to a partly intended to reduce the HBC’s influence in the region. machinery of implementation. In America during the nineteenth century, the key to that eventuality was a social-political system that tied economic and political power to land ownership. Both the Donation Land Claim Act of 1850 and the 1857 Oregon Constitution provision barring Blacks from owning real Racist structures became ingrained in the resettlement of Oregon, estate guaranteed that Whites would enjoy a government-granted advantage culminating in the U.S. Congress’s passing of the DCLA.2 Oregon’s settler over non-Whites in the pursuit of wealth, power, and privilege in the pioneer colonists repeatedly invoked a Jacksonian vision of egalitarianism rooted in generation and each generation that followed. White supremacy to justify their actions, including entering a region where Euro-Americans were the minority and — without U.S. sanction — creating a government that reserved citizenship for White males.3 They used that govern- IN 1843, many of the Anglo-American farm families who immigrated to ment not only to validate and protect their own land claims, but also to ban the Oregon Country were animated by hopes of generous federal land the immigration of anyone of African ancestry.
  • Badges of Slavery : the Struggle Between Civil Rights and Federalism During Reconstruction

    Badges of Slavery : the Struggle Between Civil Rights and Federalism During Reconstruction

    University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 5-2013 Badges of slavery : the struggle between civil rights and federalism during reconstruction. Vanessa Hahn Lierley 1981- University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Recommended Citation Lierley, Vanessa Hahn 1981-, "Badges of slavery : the struggle between civil rights and federalism during reconstruction." (2013). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 831. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/831 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BADGES OF SLAVERY: THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN CIVIL RIGHTS AND FEDERALISM DURING RECONSTRUCTION By Vanessa Hahn Liedey B.A., University of Kentucky, 2004 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of History University of Louisville Louisville, KY May 2013 BADGES OF SLAVERY: THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN CIVIL RIGHTS AND FEDERALISM DURING RECONSTRUCTION By Vanessa Hahn Lierley B.A., University of Kentucky, 2004 A Thesis Approved on April 19, 2013 by the following Thesis Committee: Thomas C. Mackey, Thesis Director Benjamin Harrison Jasmine Farrier ii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my husband Pete Lierley who always showed me support throughout the pursuit of my Master's degree.
  • Download the Full Report 2007 5.Pdf PDF 1.8 MB

    Download the Full Report 2007 5.Pdf PDF 1.8 MB

    The Northwest Power and Conservation Council’s Directory of Columbia River Basin Tribes Council Document Number: 2007-05 Table of Contents I. Introduction 1 II. Tribes and Tribal Confederations 5 The Burns Paiute Tribe 7 The Coeur d’Alene Tribe 9 The Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation 12 The Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation 15 The Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation 18 The Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon 21 The Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation 23 The Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon 25 The Kalispel Tribe of Indians 28 The Kootenai Tribe of Idaho 31 The Nez Perce Tribe 34 The Shoshone Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation 37 The Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation 40 The Spokane Tribe of Indians 42 III. Canadian First Nations 45 Canadian Columbia River Tribes (First Nations) 46 IV. Tribal Associations 51 Canadian Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fisheries Commission 52 Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission 53 Upper Columbia United Tribes 55 Upper Snake River Tribes 56 The Northwest Power and Conservation Council’s Tribal Directory i ii The Northwest Power and Conservation Council’s Tribal Directory Introduction The Northwest Power and Conservation Council’s Tribal Directory 1 2 The Northwest Power and Conservation Council’s Tribal Directory Introduction The Council assembled this directory to enhance our understanding and appreciation of the Columbia River Basin tribes, including the First Nations in the Canadian portion of the basin. The directory provides brief descriptions and histories of the tribes and tribal confedera- tions, contact information, and information about tribal fi sh and wildlife projects funded through the Council’s program.