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Appendix A: Study Route Descriptions and Historical Overviews

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Appendix A: Study Route Descriptions and Historical Overviews NATIONAL PARK SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR REVISED FEASIBILITY AND SUITABILITY STUDY FOR ADDITIONAL ROUTES OF THE OREGON, MORMON PIONEER, CALIFORNIA, AND PONY EXPRESS NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAILS: APPENDIX A: STUDY ROUTE DESCRIPTIONS AND HISTORICAL OVERVIEWS SEPTEMBER 2017 Cover: “Westport Landing,” watercolor, William Henry Jackson, SCBL_280, Scotts Bluff National Monument, NPS REVISED FEASIBILITY AND SUITABILITY STUDY FOR ADDITIONAL ROUTES OF THE OREGON, MORMON PIONEER, CALIFORNIA, AND PONY EXPRESS NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAILS APPENDIX A: STUDY ROUTE DESCRIPTIONS AND HISTORICAL OVERVIEWS National Park Service 2017 Table of Contents APPENDIX A: STUDY ROUTES AND HISTORICAL SUMMARIES ...................................................................... 1 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................................ 1 STUDY ROUTE DESCRIPTIONS ................................................................................................................... 1 HISTORICAL SUMMARIES AND USE ANALYSES ......................................................................................... 2 THE STUDY ROUTES .................................................................................................................................. 6 1. Blue Mills-Independence Road (also called Lower Independence Landing Road) ........................... 6 2. Kansas and Missouri Alternates: Mississippi Saints Route from Independence, Missouri, to Fort Laramie, Wyoming .................................................................................................................. 8 3. Blue Ridge Cutoff ............................................................................................................................ 12 4. Westport Landing Road .................................................................................................................. 13 5. Westport Road ............................................................................................................................... 14 6. The Westport-Lawrence Road ........................................................................................................ 17 7. Gum Springs-Fort Leavenworth Route ........................................................................................... 18 8. Fort Leavenworth-Kansas River Route ........................................................................................... 21 9. Fort Leavenworth-Big Blue River Route ......................................................................................... 23 10. Atchison Road ............................................................................................................................... 26 11. Independence Creek Route .......................................................................................................... 31 12. Atchison to Kennekuk Pony Express Route .................................................................................. 32 13. Union Ferry (Union Town) Route ................................................................................................. 34 14. Road to Amazonia (Road from Amazonia) ................................................................................... 36 15. St. Joe Road .................................................................................................................................. 37 16. Pony Express Trail from Wathena, Kansas, to Troy, Kansas ......................................................... 40 17. Minersville-Nebraska City Road ................................................................................................... 42 18. Old Fort Kearny Road (Oxbow Trail) ............................................................................................. 42 19. Nebraska City Cutoff Routes ........................................................................................................ 44 20. Woodbury Cutoff .......................................................................................................................... 47 21. Old Wyoming (Road to the) Nebraska City Cutoff ....................................................................... 48 22. Keokuk Route ............................................................................................................................... 50 23. 1846 Subsequent Routes A and B ................................................................................................ 51 24. 1856–1857 Handcart Route, Iowa City to Council Bluffs ............................................................. 52 25. Lower Plattsmouth Route ............................................................................................................ 53 26. Upper Plattsmouth Route ............................................................................................................ 55 27. Lower Bellevue Route ................................................................................................................... 55 28. Upper Bellevue Route .................................................................................................................. 57 29. Council Bluffs Road ....................................................................................................................... 58 30. 1847 Alternative Elkhorn and Loup River Crossings in Nebraska ................................................. 62 31. Childs Cutoff ................................................................................................................................. 63 32a. Cherokee Trail............................................................................................................................. 65 32b. Cherokee Trail [Selected sections, Oklahoma to Wyoming, plus 1850 Southern Route through Wyoming]. ............................................................................................................................. 75 32c. Cherokee Trail [Selected sections, Oklahoma to Wyoming, plus 1849 Northern Route through Wyoming]. ............................................................................................................................. 75 33. Diamond Springs Cutoff ............................................................................................................... 75 34. Sublette Cutoff ............................................................................................................................. 77 35a. Central Overland Route (Central Overland Emigrant Routes, or COER) [Original study routes, complete complex] ................................................................................................................ 79 35b. COER [Selected section, South Platte River Route]. ................................................................... 93 iii 35c. COER [Selected section, Lodgepole Creek Trail]. ........................................................................ 93 35d. COER [Selected sections through Wyoming: Little Laramie River to Sage Creek, Sweetwater Cutoff, and Sage Creek Station to Granger]. ......................................................................... 93 35e. COER [Selected section, Simpson Route and Variants]. ............................................................. 93 36. Weber Canyon Route of the Hastings Cutoff ............................................................................... 93 37. 1850 Golden Pass Road ................................................................................................................ 97 38. McAuley Cutoff ............................................................................................................................. 98 39. Bidwell-Bartleson Route (Soda Springs to Marsh’s Rancho, California) ...................................... 99 40. Bishop Creek Cutoff (Bishop Creek Route) ................................................................................. 104 41. Secret Pass .................................................................................................................................. 105 42. Greenhorn Cutoff ....................................................................................................................... 106 43. Goodale’s Cutoff (Jeffrey-Goodale Cutoff) ................................................................................. 107 44. Goodale’s Boise-North 1862 and 1863 Routes .......................................................................... 110 45. Olds Ferry Road .......................................................................................................................... 113 46. North Side Alternate Route ........................................................................................................ 114 47. North Alternate Oregon Trail ..................................................................................................... 116 48. Raft River to the Applegate Trail ................................................................................................ 118 49. Applegate Trail, or Southern Route to Oregon .......................................................................... 120 50a-c. Meek Cutoff ........................................................................................................................... 127 51. Free Emigrant Road ...................................................................................................................
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