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Pioneer Days of Oregon History

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Pioneer Days of Oregon History Gc M. LS 979.5 CSS V.2 1195024 GENEALOGY COLLECTIOR 1833 01149 6368 PIONEER DAYS OF OREGON HISTORY By S. A. CLARKE t VOLUME II PORTLAND J. K. GILL COMPANY 1905 COPTRIGHT, 1905, By S. a. CLARKE BURR PRINTING HOUSE NEW YORK 11S5C24 CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE XXXVII. The Presbyterian Mission 369 XXXVIII. Catholic Missions in Oregon 393 XXXIX. Adventures of Captain Bonneville. 396 XL. The Wilkes Expedition 398 XLI. Elijah White Redivivus—The First Overland Emigration, 1842 406 ^ XLII. Story of Solomon Smith 418 XLIII. Whitman's Mid-Winter Ride 423 XLrV. The Peoria Party—Or Emigration of 1839 442 XLV. Settlers in Oregon up to 1842 453 XLVI. Emigration of 1842 458 XLVII. The Immigration of 1843 472 XLVIII. On the Plains in 1844 503 XLIX. Indian Troubles—1845-48 611 L. Home Life at Whitman's 520 LI. Wahlatpu Massacre, 1847 528 LII. In Captivity 536 LIIL The Cayuse War 545 LIV. Istachus, the Christianized Indian. 568 LV. Immigrations from 1845 TO 1848. .. 573 LVI. How Battle Creek was Named 588 Contents PAGE LVII. The Oregon Title 605 LVIII. Pioneer Ship Bitilding—Story of THE Star of Oregon 616 LIX. Early Political History Relating TO Oregon 628 LX. The Provisional Government 647 LXI. Pioneer Currency and Making of Beaver Money 689 LXII. Judge Thornton's Mission 695 LXIII. Jo Meek, the Legislative Messenger. 723 PIONEER DAYS OF OREGON HISTORY CHAPTER XXXVII THE PRESBYTERIAN MISSION We have briefly shown that the Presbyterians sent Rev. Samuel Parker, of Ithaca, New York, to look over the ground west of the Rocky Mountains, and that he made the first attempt in 1834, too late to join the fur traders' cara- van for that year. On the 14th of March, 1835, he left home, going via Buffalo, Pittsburg, WheeHng, Cincinnati, LouisviUe and St. Louis, where, on April 14th, he found waiting for him Dr. Marcus Whitman, appointed his asso- ciate. Mr. Parker was of mature age, precise ways, and solemn deportment, whereas Whitman was thirty-two years old, outspoken and free in manner, with energy that made obstacles yield. He had no superfluous refinement, so apt to become part of a minister's deportment, but was genuine in all things and as kind as he was vigorous. The wild spirit and overflowing ways of the hunter and trapper amused Whitman, while they terrified the more reverend Parker. They left the wagons at Fort Laramie August 1st and started with all their goods loaded on mules. They reached Green River rendezvous August 21st ; Captain Bridger had an iron arrow, three inches long, in his back, and a hunter had carried such an one in his shoulder for two years ; Whit- man extracted both, to the wonder of admiring natives. 370 Pioneer Days of Oregon History There were Flatheads and Nez Perces present, who were anxious to have such teachers as he to live among them. As result of this good impression, it was resolved that Whitman should return to secure more aid, while 'Mr. Parker went on to prepare the way, under escort of the Nez Perce Indians, who took him through in safety, though it was rather a tax on his physical powers. He had been ill, but improved on the journey and was well when he reached Walla Walla. At Fort Walla Walla the kindly Pambrun feasted them on roasted duck, bread, butter, milk and sugar ; here he saw the treatment by which the great fur company retained the respect and confidence of the Indians and compared it with the conduct of the American mountain men he lately had been with, for the good trader ever taught them religious truth, as well as exercised judicious kindness. From there he went down the river in a canoe in charge of three Walla Walla Indians. It was wild work for the timid gentleman, running the swift rapids, but he survived it all. At the Cayuse camp, when it was explained that he came to teach them of the true God, they were much impressed. At The Dalles the Walla Wallas left him and Wascos became his escort. It was the middle of October; the rains had com- menced and the escort of strange savages through the great gorge made him feel a trifle timid, so they let him walk around the Cascades. As they went down the beautiful lower river they were surprised to see men on shore cutting and hauling logs with teams of cattle. Near by was a saw mill, and not far down the great river Vancouver waited to welcome him. He breakfasted at the cottages by the mill and dined at 'N'^ancouver ; McLoughlin told him that it should be his home as long as he chose to make it so. For men of The Presbyterian Mission 371 culture, in this far wilderness, it was well worth exercising hospitality to enjoy for awhile the companionship of a man of similar, or equal culture, from the living world. A jour- ney to Astoria and the seacoast gave him insight into In- dian nature by comparison of those he met down the river, with the Nez Perces and others of the far upper flow, for he remembered that while these last freely conferred favors in their welcome to strangers, those of the Lower Columbia never ceased to beg favors to be conferred upon them. Association for the first time with the natives of the far in- terior gave a glamour to their lives with aU the missionaries who came among them, as they were physically and intel- lectually superior to the fish eaters of the coast and lower river. Parker was charmed to believe that grace was the needed element between man and man, and if they knew and practised religion, after the Christian model, the red Indian would rival the most enlightened peoples. November saw Mr. Parker domiciled for the winter, with a house at his command that was furnished with every com- fort and with all the attendance he could wish. There was the company library for intellectual enjoyment; horses to be had for the asking, and, as he forcibly says: "In addi- tion to all these, and still more valuable, the society of gen- tlemen, enlightened, polished and sociable." Truly, Van- couver was the "lodge in some vast wilderness" of which a poet's rhapsody might dream—and never find, save in this farthest wild of Oregon. In November, taking advantage of a period of sunshine, McLoughlin equipped him for a journey up the Willamette, with a guide and all things necessary and desirable. Leaving their canoe at Champoeg, they took horses for a fifteen miles' ride to Lee's mission. — 372 Pioneer Days of Oregon History from which Jason Lee rode with him to explore the region near and explain its natural advantages. He saw the set- tlements, the schools, the beautiful country, with its en- vironment of mountains; then returned to Vancouver. A chief from the Cascades came to see this teacher, sent from heaven ; he wished to have his people and his children taught to be civilized and know the true God. This could transform them to be doubly blest with wisdom and virtue, but went away in sorrow to know that the benison of grace must be deferred. There came a chief from The Dalles in similar frame of mind. Some white man had given him crude ideas of Sabbath duties ; his people had raised a flag and danced around it, praying and singing as they went but it did no good ; he was afraid it had made them a little worse. Later came a delegation, who said they had fol- lowed advice and left off the dancing ; they believed it was a help, for their prayers had been answered, as the deer hunt was a success. They thought they should have a teacher to preserve the prosperity they had won. It was thus that these well named "Children of Nature" sought light and wove together legends of the white man and his God. In April Mr. Parker left Vancouver, with a lively sense of benefits conferred. No pay was taken for supplying his varied wants, for interpreters who accompanied him, for Indian crews who sent his canoe swiftly on its travels—all was the kindly gift of the royal company through its knightly representative. McLoughlin wished to have the Indians taught religious truths, so was glad to welcome a missionary. On the 26th of April he was at Walla Walla, meeting Nez Percys and Cayuses, as he had promised them in the fall. The Presbyterian Mission 373 He remained there teaching them for two weeks, well ap- preciated, save by one old chief who declined to believe in a religion that would part him from any of his wives. He stoically concluded that as he had lived in sin aU his life, it was useless to reform. He would have to take the chances. Mr. Parker made a mistake in objecting when an Indian grave was decorated with a cross. The sign of the cross seemed poisonous to Presbyterians, and such minor things as this came in time to make their lives a burden. Was it not a weak faith that would denounce its use as idol- atrous ? Mr. Parker had intended to cross the mountains and work back overland to the frontier, but changed his mind and de- termined to return and make the sea voyage, as he had the time to meet the annual ship. He spent some time choosing the site for the coming mission—^Waiilatpu—where Whit- man settled that fall.
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