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Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume 70, Number 2

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Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume 70, Number 2 Florida Historical Quarterly Volume 70 Number 2 Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume Article 1 70, Number 2 1991 Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume 70, Number 2 Florida Historical Society [email protected] Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida Historical Quarterly by an authorized editor of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Society, Florida Historical (1991) "Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume 70, Number 2," Florida Historical Quarterly: Vol. 70 : No. 2 , Article 1. Available at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol70/iss2/1 Society: Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume 70, Number 2 Published by STARS, 1991 1 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 70 [1991], No. 2, Art. 1 COVER Louis “Bugs” McGowan boarding a Mabel Cody Flying Circus airplane on Day- tona Beach in November 1921. The automobile shown is the Miller 8 Special and was driven by race-car driver Sig Haughdahl. Photograph courtesy Florida Photographic Collection, Florida State Archives. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol70/iss2/1 2 Society: Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume 70, Number 2 The Florida Historical Volume LXX, Number 2 October 1991 The Florida Historical Quarterly (ISSN 0015-4113) is published by the Florida Historical Society, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, and is printed by E. O. Painter Printing Co., DeLeon Springs, FL. Second-class postage paid at Tampa, FL, and at additional mailing office. POST- MASTER: Send address changes to the Florida Historical Society, P. O. Box 290197, Tampa, FL 33687. Copyright 1991 by the Florida Historical Society, Tampa, Florida. Published by STARS, 1991 3 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 70 [1991], No. 2, Art. 1 THE FLORIDA HISTORICAL QUARTERLY Samuel Proctor, Editor Canter Brown, Jr., Assistant Editor EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD David R. Colburn University of Florida Herbert J. Doherty University of Florida Michael V. Gannon University of Florida John K. Mahon University of Florida (Emeritus) Joe M. Richardson Florida State University Jerrell H. Shofner University of Central Florida Charlton W. Tebeau University of Miami (Emeritus) Correspondence concerning contributions, books for review, and all editorial matters should be addressed to the Editor, Florida Historical Quarterly, Box 14045, University Station, Gainesville, Florida 32604-2045. The Quarterly is interested in articles and documents pertaining to the history of Florida. Sources, style, footnote form, original- ity of material and interpretation, clarity of thought, and in- terest of readers are considered. All copy, including footnotes, should be double-spaced. Footnotes are to be numbered con- secutively in the text and assembled at the end of the article. Particular attention should be given to following the footnote style of the Quarterly. The author should submit an original and retain a copy for security. Authors are encouraged to submit articles in IBM WordStar 4.0, WordPerfect 5.0 or 5.1, or ASCII; please include both a hardcopy and a diskette. The Florida His- torical Society and the Editor of the Florida Historical Quarterly accept no responsibility for statements made or opinions held by authors. The Quarterly reviews books dealing with all aspects of Florida history. Books to be reviewed should be sent to the Editor to- gether with price and information on how they may be ordered. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol70/iss2/1 4 Society: Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume 70, Number 2 Table of Contents FLORIDA'S CONFEDERATE GUERRILLAS: JOHN W. PEARSON AND THE OKLAWAHA RANGERS Zack C. Waters 133 A FORGOTTEN SACRIFICE: RICHARD GENTRY, MISSOURI VOLUNTEERS, AND THE BATTLE OF OKEECHOBEE Phillip Thomas Tucker 150 MISSOURI VOLUNTEERS AT THE BATTLE OF OKEECHOBEE: CHRISTMAS DAY 1837 John K. Mahon 166 GONE BUT NOT FORGOTTEN: WAKULLA COUNTY'S FOLK GRAVEYARDS Sherrie Stokes 177 REVIEW ESSAY AN “AFRICAN PRINCE, MAJESTIC IS HIS WRATH": WILLIAM S. MCFEELY'S BIOGRAPHY OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS Willard B. Gatewood 192 B OOK REVIEWS . 203 BOOK NOTES . .......... 237 HISTORY NEWS . ...... 243 ANNUAL MEETING . 247 Published by STARS, 1991 5 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 70 [1991], No. 2, Art. 1 BOOK REVIEWS Charles III: Florida and the Gulf, edited by Patricia R. Wickman reviewed by Charles W. Arnade Florida’s Air Force: Air National Guard 1946-1990, by Robert Hawk reviewed by John P. Ingle, Jr. A New Andalucia and a Way to the Orient: The American Southeast During the Sixteenth Century, by Paul E. Hoffman reviewed by F. Lamar Pearson, Jr. The Public Life of Aedanus Burke: Revolutionary Republican in Post-Revolution- ary South Carolina, by John C. Meleney reviewed by Aubrey C. Land Fleeting Moments: Nature and Culture in American History, by Gunther Barth reviewed by Richard A. Bartlett Constitutions and Constitutionalism in the Slaveholding South, by Don E. Fehren- bather reviewed by Timothy S. Huebner Motherhood in the Old South: Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Infant Rearing, by Sally G. McMillen reviewed by Stuart Galishoff General John H. Winder, C.S.A., by Arch Fredric Blakey reviewed by George E. Buker A Crisis of Republicanism: American Politics in the Civil War Era, edited by Lloyd E. Ambrosius reviewed by William Warren Rogers, Jr. The Papers of Andrew Johnson, Volume 8, May-August 1865, edited by Paul H. Bergeron reviewed by Richard N. Current Agrarianism and Reconstruction Politics: The Southern Homestead Act, by Michael L. Lanza reviewed by John Hebron Moore Religion and the Radical Republican Movement, 1860-1870, by Victor B. Howard. reviewed by Samuel S. Hill Henry Grady’s New South: Atlanta, a Brave and Beautiful City, by Harold E. Davis reviewed by William Bruce Wheeler Desegregating the Altar: The Josephites and the Struggle for Black Priests, 1871-1960, by Stephen J. Ochs reviewed by Michael J. McNally A. Philip Randolph, A Pioneer of the Civil Rights Movement, by Paula F. Pfeffer reviewed by David R. Colburn W. J. Cash: A Life, by Bruce Clayton reviewed by Carl Ryant Voices of the Winds: Native American Legends, by Margot Edmonds and Ella C. Clark reviewed by Harry A. Kersey, Jr. Located Lives: Place and Idea in Southern Autobiography, edited by J. Bill Berry reviewed by George Hallam The Powhatan Indians of Virginia: Their Traditional Culture, by Helen C. Roundtree reviewed by David K. Eliades Cuba and the United States: Singular Ties of Intimacy, by Louis A. Pérez reviewed by Robert M. Levine https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol70/iss2/1 6 Society: Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume 70, Number 2 FLORIDA’S CONFEDERATE GUERRILLAS: JOHN W. PEARSON AND THE OKLAWAHA RANGERS by ZACK C. WATERS ECESSION and the approach of hostilities in 1861 found S Florida unprepared for civil war. The state’s militia had dis- integrated at the end of the Third Seminole War in 1858, and the attempts of Governor Madison Starke Perry to remedy its disorganized condition proved ineffectual. Perry warned Flori- dians that the political situation called for military preparedness, but his pleas led to little improvement. An 1859 report indicated that the state possessed only one battery of light artillery and fewer than 1,000 muskets and rifles, including more than 250 antiquated flint and steel muskets.1 Despite the condition of the militia, martial spirit was evi- denced in Florida by the proliferation of independent volunteer companies. Cities such as Jacksonville, St. Augustine, Pensacola, and Tallahassee boasted two or more companies, while smaller towns and rural areas generally had a single unit. Most of these companies were poorly armed, and their drills often served more of a social than a training function. After attending the drill of Tallahassee’s Dixie Yeomen, which included boat rides and a picnic, one observer noted, “This does not seem like war.“2 Exceptions to the general rule of militia disorganization existed, however. One of the earliest and most reliable of the Zack C. Waters teaches English at East Rome Junior High School, Rome, GA. 1. George Cassel Bittle, “In Defense of Florida: The Organized Florida Militia From 1821 to 1920” (Ph.D. dissertation, Florida State University, 1965), 221-35; Florida House Journal (1858), 27; Florida Senate Journal (1859), appendix, 7-8. For a fuller description of Florida’s pre-war militia, see George C. Bittle, “Florida Prepares for War, 1860-1861,” Florida Historical Quarterly 51 (October 1972), 143-52. 2. Susan Bradford Eppes, Through Some Eventful Years (Macon, GA, 1926; facsimile ed., Gainesville, 1968), 151. The “Dixie Yeomen” later became Company K, Fifth Florida Infantry Regiment. As to the social nature of pre-Civil War militia units, see Everett W. Caudle, “To Defend Or Pretend? The Social Role of Militia and Volunteer Units in the Antebellum South” (master’s thesis, University of Florida, 1990). [133] Published by STARS, 1991 7 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 70 [1991], No. 2, Art. 1 134 F LORIDA H ISTORICAL Q UARTERLY companies was raised by a pragmatic, no-nonsense businessman from Orange Springs named John W. Pearson. During a trip to the North in 1860, Pearson became convinced that war was inevit- able. When returning from the North, he stopped by Charleston, South Carolina, and purchased 125 smoothbore muskets and 100 Colt revolvers. Once home, he organized a unit composed of area residents that he called the Oklawaha Rangers. Following common practice, Pearson also outfitted its members from his own funds. Predictably, the company elected Pearson its captain, and, unlike many unit commanders, he instituted a regimen of drills and target practice for his troops. He limited the company to the number of men—125—that he could arm. In doing so, he chose only “sound and well developed men” who, he believed, could stand the rigors of extended service and were prepared to fight.3 Pearson was born January 19, 1809, in the Union District of South Carolina.
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