A History of Jefferson Barracks, 1826-1860. Byron Bertrand Banta Jr Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1981 A History of Jefferson Barracks, 1826-1860. Byron Bertrand Banta Jr Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Banta, Byron Bertrand Jr, "A History of Jefferson Barracks, 1826-1860." (1981). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 3626. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/3626 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. Unless we meant to delete copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed, you will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted you will find a target note listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photo graphed the photographer has followed a definite method in “sectioning” the material. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For any illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and tipped into your xerographic copy. Requests can be made to our Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases we have filmed the best available copy. Universriv MicrdRlms International 300 N. ZEEB RD„ ANN ARBOR, Ml 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 8126947 B a n ta , B y r o n B e r t r a n d , Jr . A HISTORY OF JEFFERSON BARRACKS, 1826-1860 The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical PH.D. Col 1981 University Microfilms I n te r n at i 0 n a I 3œ N. Zeeb R W . Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Copyright 1981 by Banta, Byron Bertrand, Jr. All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. A HISTORY OF JEFFERSON BARRACKS, 1826-1860 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of History by Byron B. Banta, Jr. B.S., Missouri Valley College, 1965 M.A., Louisiana State University, 1968 August, 1981 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author wishes to express his sincere appreciation to Dr. John L. Loos fo r his assistance and encouragement in the research and preparation of this dissertation. He also wishes to thank Dr. Burl Noggle, Dr. Robert Becker, Dr. M. T. Carleton, and Dr. James Bolner, who served as the faculty committee. The author wishes to express his gratitude to his parents fo r th e ir encouragement and support throughout the years. Last of a ll, the author wishes to express his deep appre ciatio n and thanks to his w ife , Rosemary, fo r her many hours of s a c rific e and understanding during the research and writing of this dissertation. n Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. PREFACE The years from 1826 to 1860 were dramatic ones in the history of the United States. The nation expanded its western boundary to the P acific Ocean and established its dominion over the North American con tinent from Canada on the north to Mexico on the south. Large numbers o f American s e ttle rs moved into the Mississippi River v a lle y , Texas, the Great Basin region, and P acific coastal areas. Throughout th is period, the army and Jefferson Barracks were called upon to render vital services in protecting the new American settlements and maintaining peaceful relations with the Indians, as well as providing "touches of c iv iliz a tio n " th at were otherwise absent. This study demonstrated that Jefferson Barracks was a typical army post of the pre-Civil War period. The daily activities of the post garrison were routine in nature, with the soldiers devoting most of their time to d rill and fatigue duties. The long hours of monotonous garrison duty contributed to alcohol abuse and desertion, and these were chronic problems at Jefferson Barracks as a t other m ilita ry in s ta lla tions. This study supports the thesis of Professor Francis Paul Prucha in Broadax and Bayonet th at the army was an agent of American " c i v il i zation" on the fro n tie r . Soldiers stationed at or mustered into service and equipped and trained at Jefferson Barracks acted as a peace-keeping force for the Mississippi River valley. They took part in military operations against the Indians in Florida and on the Western Plains, the Mormons in Utah, and the Mexicans. i i i Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. In addition to its role as a recruiting and training center, Jefferson Barracks served as the base for a military reserve force for the entire western frontier. Jefferson Barracks' strategic location on the Mississippi, a short distance below the mouth of the Missouri River, enabled the War Department rapidly to transfer men and supplies from the post for service at military installations or in the field throughout the trans-M ississippi West. No matter how large or how small its garrison might be at any p a rtic u la r tim e, the War Department viewed Jefferson Barracks as one of its most important military installations in the period from its establishment to the Civil War. In addition to having a key position in the western defense system, Jefferson Barracks also played an important role in the economic develop ment of St. Louis. The Barracks offered a place of employment for numerous St. Louisians, and many farmers in the area around the post were dependent upon quartermaster and commissary department contracts for their survival. Although soldiers from the post sometimes created disturbances in St. Louis, the city's residents viewed the Barracks as a major asset to the city and surrounding region. IV Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................. i i PREFACE.......................................................... i i i LÎST'OF ILLUSTRATIONS........................................................................................ vi ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... v ii CHAPTER I. Building the Post, 1826-1830 .............................................. 1 CHAPTER II. M ilitary Training, Discipline, Subsistence, and Garrison Life, 1826-1832 .............................................. 31 CHAPTER III. Field Operations of the Garrison, 1827-1832. 71 CHAPTER IV. Quiescent Period, 1833-1842 .............................................. 103 CHAPTER V. Mexican War Period, 1842-1848 .............................................. 146 CHAPTER VI. Post-Mexican War Period, 1849-1855 .................................. 200 CHAPTER V II. Construction of the St. Louis and Iron Mountain R ailroad, 1853-1856 .......................................... 248 CHAPTER V III. Calm Before the Storm, 1856-1860 .................................. 279 CONCLUSIONS.............................................................................................................. 316 BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................... 321 VITA .......................................................................................................................... 328 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page The Black Hawk War, 1832 ................................................................................ 102 THE UTAH EXPEDITION, 1857-1858 ...................................................................