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War of the Austrian Succession.Docx
War of the Austrian Succession The War of the Austrian Succession was a conflict that took place from 16 December 1740 to 18 October 1748 between the various European powers of the time. The conflict was not restricted to Europe, but also spilled into their colonial holdings in Asia. The war established Prussia as a regional hegemon for years to come, altering the very balance of power in Europe. In India, the rivalry between Britain and France in the Austrian War of Succession resulted in the First Carnatic War. This article will give further details about the War of the Austrian Succession within the context of the UPSC Exams. What was the reason behind the War of the Austrian Succession? The pretext for the war came when a succession crisis happened upon the death of the Habsburg Emperor Charles VI in 1740. To understand how this crisis happened, one must keep in mind the following events: ● In 1703, a Mutual Pact of Succession was agreed upon. It stated that should the male line of the Habsburgs become extinct, the female line would take precedence. ● In this case, the female line referred to the heirs of the elder brother of Charles VI, Emperor Joseph I. ● But the Salic law excluded women of the royal family from inheriting the throne. But if the various Habsburk territories and the Imperial Diet granted approval, then exceptions would be made. ● Emperor Joseph's death in 1711 left two potential female heirs, Maria Josepha and Maria Amalia. But in April 1713, the Pragmatic Sanction was issued by Charles, which allowed female inheritance by the progeny of Charles VI. -
A Study of the British Army in the Closing Stages of the Seven Years War in Western Europe As Studied Through the Battle of Vellinghausen
1 Battle of Vellinghausen: Lessons Learnt? A Study of the British army in the closing stages of the Seven Years War in Western Europe as studied through the Battle of Vellinghausen Samuel James Dodson Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Masters by Research in History University of Leeds Department of History September 2019 2 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement The right of Samuel James Dodson to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by Samuel James Dodson in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 3 Abstract This is a study of the British military actions in Western Germany during the Seven Years War, investigating the army’s ability in combat and analysing its improvements through the case study of the Battle of Vellinghausen. This will provide a more concentrated scope of the conflict centred on the Western theatre, rather than the general study upon the British army in America or the academic’s attraction with the Battle of Minden. With this in mind the research will be significant as it will open up discussions on how the British army fought in the European style during the mid-eighteenth century, as well as aiming to explore whether the British army learnt from its lessons early in the war to become an efficient fighting machine. -
“[America] May Be Conquered with More Ease Than Governed”: the Evolution of British Occupation Policy During the American Revolution
“[AMERICA] MAY BE CONQUERED WITH MORE EASE THAN GOVERNED”: THE EVOLUTION OF BRITISH OCCUPATION POLICY DURING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION John D. Roche A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2015 Approved by: Wayne E. Lee Kathleen DuVal Joseph T. Glatthaar Richard H. Kohn Jay M. Smith ©2015 John D. Roche ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT John D. Roche: “[America] may be conquered with more Ease than governed”: The Evolution of British Occupation Policy during the American Revolution (Under the Direction of Wayne E. Lee) The Military Enlightenment had a profound influence upon the British army’s strategic culture regarding military occupation policy. The pan-European military treatises most popular with British officers during the eighteenth century encouraged them to use a carrot-and-stick approach when governing conquered or rebellious populations. To implement this policy European armies created the position of commandant. The treatises also transmitted a spectrum of violence to the British officers for understanding civil discord. The spectrum ran from simple riot, to insurrection, followed by rebellion, and culminated in civil war. Out of legal concerns and their own notions of honor, British officers refused to employ military force on their own initiative against British subjects until the mob crossed the threshold into open rebellion. However, once the people rebelled the British army sought decisive battle, unhindered by legal interference, to rapidly crush the rebellion. The British army’s bifurcated strategic culture for suppressing civil violence, coupled with its practical experiences from the Jacobite Rebellion of 1715 to the Regulator Movement in 1771, inculcated an overwhelming preference for martial law during military campaigns. -
Irish Political Portraits
13 28 [COLLINS & GRIFFITH] A rare poster of Arthur Griffith, Michael Collins, Sean MacEoin (The Blacksmith of Ballinalee), Richard Mulcahy and President De Valera. The medallion portraits within a Celtic decorated border and the landscape portrait of De Valera is against a draped tricolour and sunburst. Framed. 30.5 x 30.5cm. In August 1921, de Valera secured Dáil Éireann approval to change the 1919 Dáil Con- stitution to upgrade his office from prime minister or chairman of the cabinet to a full President of the Republic. Declaring himself now the Irish equivalent of King George V, he argued that as Irish head of state, in the absence of the British head of state from the negotiations, he too should not attend the Treaty Negotiations at which British and Irish government leaders agreed to the effective independence of twenty-six of Ireland’s thirty-two counties as the Irish Free State, with Northern Ireland choosing to remain under British sovereignty. It is generally agreed by historians that whatever his motives, it was a mistake for de Valera not to have travelled to London. Lot 31 A rare and interesting item. Lot 29 €250 - 350 29 [IRISH BRIGADE] Victorious Charge of the Irish Brigade 11th May, 1745. 30 [IRISH PATRIOTS] The United Irish Patriots 1798. French Commander: Marshall Morris - English Commander: Duke of Cumberland. A coloured lithograph showing the ‘patriots of 1798’ seated and standing with in a col- Coloured lithograph. Framed. 70.0 x 35.0cm. Chicago: Kurz & Allison Art Publishers. onnaded assembly room. Framed. 66 x 52cm. Some surface scratches. -
Genell~\L JAMES WOLFE, HIS LIFE" .A.ND DEATH: Ro ~1Trefrmte1t~ DELIVERED III the MECHANICS' INSTITUTE HALL, MONTREAL
BRITISII-CANADIAN CENTENNIUM, 1. 759 -1.859. GENEll~\L JAMES WOLFE, HIS LIFE" .A.ND DEATH: ro ~1trefrMte1t~ DELIVERED III THE MECHANICS' INSTITUTE HALL, MONTREAL, ON TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 1859, BEING FOUGHT A CENTURY BEFORE. IN WHICH BRITAIN LOST A HERO AND 'VON A PROVINCE. BY ANDREW BELL, Author of "Men and Things in America"; "Historical Sketches of Feudalism, British and Continental"; .. Lives of the Illustrious"; .. New Annals of Old Scotland"; &c. ~ontteal : PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY JOHN LOVELL, ST. NICHOLAS S'fREE'r j QUEBEC: STE . .ANN~ ST,REET, ~PER TOWN, AND FOR BALE AT THm BOOK STORES. 1859. [Prlel'l ~6 Cent•• Entered, according to the Act of the Provincial Parliament, in the year One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, by JOHN LOVELL, in the office of the Registrar of the Province of Canada. CENTENARY LECTURE ON THill LIFE OF GENERAL WOLFE , AND THE CONQUEST OF CANADA. I N~ED not remind you, my fellow-countryfolks and others, now met in this Hall, that just one hundred of the most eventful years known to metropolitan or colollial Britain, have revolved since the ever-memorable battle ofthe Plains of Abraham took place. Think ing, a year ago, that the recurr~nce of such a notable cycle in the course of time ought not to pass unheeded by the populations upon this continent whom it most concerned, and having been all but disappointed in my expectation, I determined that, in my personal capacity at least, I would make a further attempt to prove to the few within the sound of my feeble voice, as to those lately within the limited reach of my pen, that it was a fit occasion for a demon stration of intermingled sympathy, first in grateful memory of our British forefathers who triumphed, next of participation in the regrets of the race they vanquished; all which might be turned to profitable account, by soothing rather than irritating every alien feel ing in the country of my ajoptivn. -
J8cboes from Tbe Ldast
J R Army Med Corps: first published as 10.1136/jramc-22-04-15 on 1 April 1914. Downloaded from 455 J8cboes from tbe lDast. THE STORY OF THE ARMY SURGEON AND THE CARE OF THE SICK AND WOUNDED IN THE BRITISH ARMY, FROM 1715 TO 1748. By MAJOR H. A. L. HOWELL. Royal Army Medical Corps. PART n. (Oontinued from p. 334.) IN 1744 the British Army in Flanders was increased to 21,000 men. In -May the troops collected in the neighhonrhood of Brussels. On April 28 a General Hospital, of which Dr. Pringle was physician, was opened at Brussels, and by December 24 had had 1,259 admissions with 82 deaths, a mortality of 1 to 15. The Protected by copyright. hospital at Ghent was open throughout the year and admitted 1,698. There were 186 deaths, a mortality of 1 to 9. Dr. Bailey died here in January and was succeeded by Dr. Lawson. Dr. Sandilands was also physician at Ghent. On August 5 a hospital was opened at Tournay. Dr. Wintringham and Dr. Maxwell were the physicians. It was closed on November 8. It had admitted 778, of whom 147 died. Dr. Maxwell then joined the hospital at Brussels in place of Dr. Pringle. In October, owing to the in clemency of the weather, the troops went into winter quarters, the horse at Brussels and the foot and dragoons at Ghent and Bruges. http://militaryhealth.bmj.com/ At Bruges and Ghent, with a view to preventing overcrowding in the hospital, the sick were chiefly treated regimentally. -
THE CITIZEN ARMY of OLD REGIME FRANCE Julia Osman A
THE CITIZEN ARMY OF OLD REGIME FRANCE Julia Osman A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2010 Approved By: Jay M. Smith Lloyd Kramer Wayne Lee Richard Kohn Christopher Browning ©2010 Julia Osman ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Julia Osman, The Citizen Army of Old Regime France (Under the Direction of Jay M. Smith) While the creation of the French citizen army is often attributed to the French Revolution, I argue that it is a product of the old regime. In the seventeenth century, France’s aristocratic army began to crumble when Louis XIV first created a military bureaucracy that eventually ceased to effectively regulate army matters. During the Seven Years’ War in the mid-eighteenth century, French officers’ apathetic attitudes towards fighting in Canada proved that French warfare had become only a vehicle for noble advancement. In the context of crisis and reform that followed, both educated society and military circles looked to the citizen armies of ancient Greece and Rome for military inspiration. French representations of the army and militias of the American Revolution as contemporary embodiments of ancient citizen armies supported reformers’ belief that patriotism would revitalize the French army. In 1789, the National Guard institutionalized these ideas, making the French citizen army a forerunner of the French Revolution. iii To Mom and Dad iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS For all the hem and haw about the solitude of a scholarly life, this dissertation is the result of many hands and many resources. -
Colonel James De Lacy War in Ireland in 1691; and the De La JAMES DE Lacywas Born at Ballingarry, Ponce MSS
Captain John Baggot professor and superior of the Irish Jesuit college at Poitiers. While teaching there, JOHN BAGGOT,,a captain in French army, he directed the education of his nephew was a son of Colonel John Baggot of and namesake (Peter or Piers Creagh) Baggotstown, Co. Limerick. After the who, famous as an accomplished scholar confiscation of the family estate in 1691, and linguist, was later archbishop of the father - who, with his sons, accompa- Dublin. Before his appointment by James nied the Irish forces to France - became I1 to this office, the future archbishop had gentleman usher at the court of James I1 undergone much privation and persecu- at Saint Germain-en-Laye. Captain John tion in Ireland and, after the Jacobite col- Baggot fought at the battle of Fontenoy, lapse there in 1691, was sent as ambas- after which he took part in the Rising in sador to the French court to solicit help support of Prince Charles Edward in from Louis XIV. After his selection as Scotland, where he was Colonel- archbishop at Saint Germain-en-Laye by Commandant of a cavalry company James 11, he had wished to return to known as the Prince's Hussars. At Ireland, but the king would not permit Culloden the French ambassador report- him to quit his position. Later, the bishop ed him as 'badly but not fatally wound- of Strasbourg in Alsace, who had con- ed.' Taken prisoner, he was pardoned but ceived a high regard for him, begged of received a sentence of perpetual banish- the Stuart king to permit the exiled ment. -
The Nafziger
THE NAFZIGER ORDERS OF BATTLE COLLECTION FINDING AID Updated: June 2012 This collection was provided through the generous donation of George Nafziger to the Combined Arms Research Library. The Nafziger Orders Of Battle Collection contains a compilation of 7985 individual orders of battle from 1600 to 1945. It began with George Nafziger’s interest in Napoleonic Wars, and steadily grew to other areas because of the gaming public's interest in these highly detailed historical orders of battle. Sources range from published works to actual archival documents, which represent the largest single source. Nearly all orders of battle break down to the regimental level. The availability of strength figures and artillery equipment varies from period to period. Orders of Battle are available in PDF format using this finding aid. Use the search function to locate the Order of battle by title or file name. The corresponding link will take you to the Order of Battle. The American Civil War portion of the Nafziger Collection contains 812 individual orders of battle from 1861-1865. Brett Schulte scanned the American Civil War orders of battle for George Nafziger. They are available here due to their generosity. Mr. Schulte writes a blog which is available at http://www.brettschulte.net/CWBlog. The American Civil War, 1861-1865 portion of the Nafziger Orders Of Battle Collection is also available for searching on the CARL Digital Library at: http://cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15040coll6 FILE NAME: DOCUMENT TITLE: ITEM URL: 625XAA -
Warfare in Colonial America: Prelude and Promise
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2000 Warfare in Colonial America: Prelude and Promise David Michael Corlett College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Corlett, David Michael, "Warfare in Colonial America: Prelude and Promise" (2000). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539626274. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-07ab-qb78 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WARFARE IN COLONIAL AMERICA: PRELUDE AND PROMISE A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The College of William and Mary In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by David M. Corlett 2000 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Approved, January 2000 James Axtell eisa D Dale E. Hoak TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgments iv List of Figures V Abstract vi Introduction 2 Chapter 1: The Irregular Education of John Bull 5 Chapter 2: Defeat on the Monongahela 42 Chapter 3: Aftermath of Disaster 79 Conclusion 106 Bibliography 114 Vita 126 iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Professor James Axtell, whose suggestions, criticisms, and insight proved invaluable in the process of researching and writing this thesis as did his insistence on clear and engaging prose. -
Common Soldiers' Experiences, Localism, and Army Reform In
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2021 “The Entire Army Says Hello”: Common Soldiers’ Experiences, Localism, and Army Reform in Britain and Prussia, 1739-1789 Alexander S. Burns West Virginia University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Part of the European History Commons, History of Religion Commons, Military History Commons, and the Social History Commons Recommended Citation Burns, Alexander S., "“The Entire Army Says Hello”: Common Soldiers’ Experiences, Localism, and Army Reform in Britain and Prussia, 1739-1789" (2021). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 8080. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/8080 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “The Entire Army Says Hello”: Common Soldiers’ Experiences, Localism, and Army Reform in Britain and Prussia, 1739-1789 Alexander S. Burns A Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in History Katherine B. -
The Military Experience in the Age of Reason
The Military Experience in the Age of Reason By the same author Russia’s Military Way to the West: Origins and Nature of Russian Military Power, 1700–1800 Siege Warfare: The Fortress in the Early Modern World, 1494–1660 The Fortress in the Age of Vauban and Frederick the Great, 1160–1789 (Siege Warfare volume 2) Frederick the Great: A Military Life Christopher Duffy The Military Experience in the Age of Reason Routledge & Kegan Paul London and New York First published in 1987 by Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/.” Published in the USA by Routledge & Kegan Paul Inc. in association with Methuen Inc. 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 © Christopher Duffy 1987 No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher except for the quotation of brief passages in criticism Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data British Library CIP Data also available ISBN 0-203-97685-1 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-7102-1024-8 (Print Edition) Contents Preface vi 1 Part 1 The armies of the Enlightenment 1 Military Europe 3 2 The officer class 26 3 The private soldier 66 101 4 Generals and armies Part II War 110 5 The campaign 112 6 The battle 140 7 On the wilder fringes 198 8 The march of the siege 214 219 Part III The military experience in context and perspective 9 Land war and the experience of civilian society 221 10 The death of a memory 230 11 Summary and conclusions 233 Appendix Principal wars and campaigns 237 Bibliography 245 Index 255 Preface Anybody who has a serious interest in history must have asked himself whether his experiences in his own time offer him a direct insight into the life which people led in the past.