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J8cboes from Tbe Ldast J R Army Med Corps: first published as 10.1136/jramc-22-04-15 on 1 April 1914. Downloaded from 455 J8cboes from tbe lDast. THE STORY OF THE ARMY SURGEON AND THE CARE OF THE SICK AND WOUNDED IN THE BRITISH ARMY, FROM 1715 TO 1748. By MAJOR H. A. L. HOWELL. Royal Army Medical Corps. PART n. (Oontinued from p. 334.) IN 1744 the British Army in Flanders was increased to 21,000 men. In -May the troops collected in the neighhonrhood of Brussels. On April 28 a General Hospital, of which Dr. Pringle was physician, was opened at Brussels, and by December 24 had had 1,259 admissions with 82 deaths, a mortality of 1 to 15. The Protected by copyright. hospital at Ghent was open throughout the year and admitted 1,698. There were 186 deaths, a mortality of 1 to 9. Dr. Bailey died here in January and was succeeded by Dr. Lawson. Dr. Sandilands was also physician at Ghent. On August 5 a hospital was opened at Tournay. Dr. Wintringham and Dr. Maxwell were the physicians. It was closed on November 8. It had admitted 778, of whom 147 died. Dr. Maxwell then joined the hospital at Brussels in place of Dr. Pringle. In October, owing to the in­ clemency of the weather, the troops went into winter quarters, the horse at Brussels and the foot and dragoons at Ghent and Bruges. http://militaryhealth.bmj.com/ At Bruges and Ghent, with a view to preventing overcrowding in the hospital, the sick were chiefly treated regimentally. In 1745 the British Army in Flanders was increased to 28,000 men. In the spring the French became active and our troops were concentrated at Brussels. Marshal Saxe with a French Army having invested Tournay, the Allied Army advanced to its relief. The Allies numbered 50,000 men, English, Hanoverians, Dutch, and Austrians, of whom 20 battalions and 26 squadrons were English. The "General Orders" of the Duke of Cumberland, the Com­ on September 27, 2021 by guest. mander-in-Chief of the British Army, are full of interest. On April 23, the troops at Ghent received orders for the march to Alost next day. Some extracts are worthy of note. "There will be one wagon to each BaWl. to carry weak men, but not any bagage." "The Quartermasters and Camp Collourmen to goe J R Army Med Corps: first published as 10.1136/jramc-22-04-15 on 1 April 1914. Downloaded from 456 Story of the .Army Surgeon from] 715 to 1748 away this morning to Allost to mark out the ground for 10 s Batt • to Encamp and the Artillery, to demand wood and straw for the men's Tents, and fire, to demand also the same number of Wagons as mentioned in the order. The Dragoon Qmrs. are to demand Billets for Cantooning 12 Squadrons in Allost & the Adjacent Villages, & also to take quarters for the Staff and to inform themselves how the Troops are to get Forage, & if possible to have it sent to the Villages." The camp colourmen were a sergeant and a man from each company. Their duties were to accompany the quartermaster a day's march ahead of the troops to layout the camping grounds and build latrines before the troops arrived. They kept the camps clean and drew the rations, clothing, ammunition, working tools, &c. Each of them when on the march carried either a spade or a hatchet. To return to the orders. "Sick men & who are not able to March to be sent to the Bylock Hospital" as soon as possible. Mr. N apier the Director (of the hospital) to be acquainted Imediatly, that he may have Nurses there, & fire Protected by copyright. for them, no smal poxmen to be sent thither but to Saint Antony's Hospital. A Corpl. and 6 men of Riches (now 4th Hussars) as a t Guard upon the Bylock, the same guard of the same Reg . at St. Antony's Hospital this day." (Bylock = bylocque, Flemish for an enclosure. The Bylock is, I believe, still the principal hospital at Ghent.) The General Orders clearly attest the strict discipline enforced upon the soldiers, no less than the care evinced for all the necessities of the army and its followers, and the consideration shown to the persons and property of the surrounding population. Pillaging was punished by death. Cutting down of trees was also http://militaryhealth.bmj.com/ severely dealt with. The route was by Anderlecht, Hall, Soignies, Cambron, Chateau de Maulbay, and Leuse to Brissoel where the French came in sight on May 9. A General Order, dated Anderlecht, April 29, runs: "The Sur­ geons of ye several Regiments are to carry their Medicine Chests and Instruments upon their Batt Horses, which are to March at the head of each Corps wh their men's Tents. His R.H. allows 1 Wagon for ye sick of each Regt in Camp, which Wagon goes in the rear of ye Regt ." Straw was issued for tents at the rate of on September 27, 2021 by guest. 4,800 lb. per regiment and 1,800 lb. per squadron, half the amount being supplied every eight days when in camp. At the Camp of Soignies, May 3, a General Order ran as follows: iI The sick not fit to be carried forward to be sent to the Hospital at Brussels by the Wagons yt return for bread. A Sergt. J R Army Med Corps: first published as 10.1136/jramc-22-04-15 on 1 April 1914. Downloaded from H. A. L. Howell 457 of a Brigade to be sent w h them, and proper Certificates to be signed by an officer and Surgeon, to be sent wh them." Again, at Cambron, three days later: "The bread Wagons for to carry ye sick t must be sent to each Reg • the night before ye Army marches, & dismissed next day." On May 4, 1745, Drs. Pringle and Wintringham opened a General Hospital at Ath. On May 10 the allied army lay in sight of the French who were ready for battle. The French position was a very strong one. Barre vVood on their left, Fontenoy in the centre, and Antoing on their right, were carefully fortified and entrenched and defended by 260 guns. In their front lay a valley and on their right a river. At 2 a.m. on April 11 the Battle of Fontenoy began. The Dutch were repulsed in their attack on the left, Ingoldsby failed to take the wood of Bam~, but 10,000 British and Hanoverian infantry advanced in solid column with a front of forty men into the interval between Fontenoy and the wood of Barre, and, notwith­ Protected by copyright. standing a terrible flanking fire and repeated cavalry charges by the French, won the crown of the position. But the Dutch did not stir and the French were able to bring up their Irish Brigade. The British retired in good order. The battle was over by 2 p.m. The twenty British battalions had lost over 4,000 men. The 12th and 23rd Regiments each lost over 300 men, the 21st and 31st Regiments nearly 300 each, and the three battalions of Guards about 250 each. Our cavalry lost 300 men. rrhe 12th, 21st, and 23rd were so weakened that they were sent into garrison and relieved by three fresh regiments. Cumberland's headquarters http://militaryhealth.bmj.com/ had been at the village of Maubray, one and a half miles from Fontenoy, and here many of the wounded were collected; most were, however, left on the field. The Allies after the battle retired to Ath, and later to Lessines. " 'l'he French treated the wounded English with great inhumanity, and killed several of them who asked for quarter; nor were the English prisoners treated with any degree of generosity. Marshal Saxe, immediately after the battle, sent to the Allies to desire they would carry off their wounded; accordingly the Duke of Cumber­ land sent a hundred and five waggons to bring them away; but on September 27, 2021 by guest. both waggons and men were detained, contrary to the laws of nations and of arms, with regard to the carriages at least." 'l'here is in the Gentleman's Magazine, vol. xv, 1745, part of a letter from a surgeon in the British Army, who was made a prisoner by the French after Fontenoy. It is as follows:- J R Army Med Corps: first published as 10.1136/jramc-22-04-15 on 1 April 1914. Downloaded from 458 Story of the Army Surgeon from 1715 to 1748 "We, surgeons, sent to take care of the wounded when carried from the field of battle, were made prisoners of war, and treated in a very merciless way, for not only we, but about 1,000 more, were stript of everything valuable we had, viz., watches, swords, money, and cloaths, and not only so, but our very instruments were taken from us, altho' the barbarians saw hundreds continually imploring our assistance. In this unprecedented way we remain'd three days, numbers dying every hour, because we had nothing to dress them with, when they were flung in waggons and drove along the causey to Lisle, Valenciennes, &c. In this jolting journey you may easily conceive the misery of these poor wretches, most with their legs, arms, &c., shatter'd to pieces. "I assure you, the impression is so strong on my milld, that no time will efface the remembrance; I saw their wounds and heard their groans.
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