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Villas on the Hudson: an Architectural and Biographical Examination

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Villas on the Hudson: an Architectural and Biographical Examination City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research Lehman College 1993 Villas on the Hudson: An Architectural and Biographical Examination Janet Butler Munch Lehman College, CUNY How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/le_pubs/229 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] AM E RICAN P U BLISHER S ' CIR CU LAR ======~~~~~====~==== nono L 1860. IN PRESS BY BOSTON TRADE SALE WI LL Cmnl[XCC WEDNESDAY MORNING, D. APPLETON &: COMPANY, ACGCST 1, 1800. r. I' r U l ~. m . W rn A T ,' .. n.ead k Co. ~:~ r-);. 'r ~':7:·: . ~~ ro ~ :~~,L ~~ ~ ~' ~" '\· ~ I . , •. \\" •• & (' 0 C ~ I 5 "" " 0. D.," rr "- Co. TI:I,.N "'1.I.,lr .. lr~ J,. I," \\' ,,~ ~ J ... "., ~L u""~, .... ":0. Coillo. '" IIr o: ~", 1,IIII ·, oI. II L•. ,r . TnE EBOXY IDO L. A :NOl' ti, wriUen by .. Lady of Sew r esiDed. C I• • k. -, "011". ~ Ior n •• d '" ""0 (; 1\ 1 ' ''I 'r ~1I C~ • • lr. :! ,' , . , f lO 4: <.: " II "" .. 1I "r 1:1' " 4: ~ 1 '''U '' '' O '''''C J H l ' l'i" h,oll oi Co LIFE OF 'IHLLI.U! T. PORTER, Ili te EJ itor of .. POtl er', Spirit of the ,., W OuJ" 11 1• .,, 10 . "1 ,\.1 .... Ap Jll r ~ . , .. .. ('D. J\ ~ "' . u. 4: Ti... eo . ~ J C.. G oI. l'. Mr , n . m. or II I' .. ,~, ,, n .. lI.alb" • •• J uhn t::Kch rJ' lry ( bll,i .... ' ·.. ' . .." a. O. IV . F. •• nl4: ( ·o J\\ ' k r,,'lry. ~y,:r;,: ~:,l e d~ e , G (; I ~'D' " ,n ... \ V ... II " • ••Ln ; • • ~ <I,·"~k A H.ld,.. 1:".<1 ... n~, " •• A R('~ TIIRO l" GIi [ Cr.. 01'!::. By Erlu tus C. Bt otdiet. I I 1I1,.,no \\" UIOI' II • • ".I l. u,I,· & II . o ... o C ..... rr 6. ~1o'~ I .. ~· f: C .... J IhJd l.. " Co. llOPES AXD F.E.Ar.s. By lL e Au thor or" The II tiror neddyl!"t. " ~ I u .· fl. , 'h~ .. 4: l ·o. ~:~~ ~~ ~: ~~,~.::~ I ;re8 · 11 \1 ' '' ..... '' , .' B ~ .. " 01. t:U,,,un h. It II 11 """ . .... 6. CD, TUE NEW All[RIC AX CYCLOP.£Dl.\ : .. Popul ar Dielinn. ry o( Gt.llu. 1 Co ..... N,e bo l .... U,II. \ \'I"lt ,l. l' ,,·, Kaowled£t. 1::<l1\oI'd bJ Ge{I'ce Ih plf J I ud Cb. d eo A. OOOL V U 1 ~ U l £ 10. e .... n. 1I ....c , "" ,.,Ie6'oo. Til" "'" r II· J. f'r."o G ('ookr J.", ... ( ' 1>.1 1.· ",1. 800 J" lInl. 1'.,:,. , Clu ~mr.r. .,· EXCYCLOr .EDI.\ : .. D II~ li o D:U-S of Loinru\ KoowleJst . ~ ~.~,~?,/ I~~ ; ."~n C .. ton i : , ADd D ,.,.,IU3 Llt fut of STEREOTYPE ru. TF~ . includ inG: tL e ,. hole or C, ~ r n .u:i, d: Co.'", Bls n o r llOAX LS UrE AXD "RJTL~ G S . To be eompieled in fOUT • .,hlwrl . JOSEPH LEONARD & CO., Auctioneers . HADLEr's GREEK GR A Y~L~R . IlARKSESS' flllST Cr..EEK BOOK. N. B. TRESCO'S S OT ES OS TD E P.UU.nLES. Colldeoled. RA "U~ SO ~ ':5 IlERODOTt:S. The t oocludins Tolumc. Volume 4. "OTIS OS TUE .£>EID Of VIRGIL. ByP,,' F,;",. All the NEW BOOKS AU~ 'S S l' A ~I :5 U GRA.\HI.\I'. A~D R EY, SllA1\ ~ rEAR E , A Ncw . nd Buutiful J:dhioD, EditcJ hJ 1I . ry Co wde n CI •• ~ c 1 . " lun'c. £''', FURNISHED TO __ The S' Ol e, III two 'l' oiumu, n[~T O~~ ADlU DG ~E~T o r TU E DEBATL.'i I~ CO ~ G R r..."5. \·01. W<1c:!O, n GCKLE'S C JnI.lZATIO~ l ~ E..\' GLA..'m, \'olu mt' 2. l4.A CAtLAY'':' LATER MISC [LLA~I £C;, COnNTRY BOOKSELLERS, BR Y A~T A),"I) ::;TRAITO ~'3 CmOIERCJAL LAW, Edit.d by Amo VUIl. VillA! MAY BE L E AR~T m Oll A TREE. TUE BYRO ~ GALLEin' o r DEAl'TIE.S, t oo,i'ling or thc ro r tr. i ~ of !bcJ' ....C1 ~ICb • • • <k • • 'o ..,. r" n·. ..O<.I1l . AT LOW PRICES, TH E B~~;;,;~~' o r TUE GRACES. A Serie. of IlIuatu Lio u of the lIORAL DIDLE)I3, "ITII APlIORI::: )B , ADA Ges. A~D PROYEnns BY ..r . n A, ~ . a nd NollO''', f . o ll! J oe,," I. .t.o l ad KotHon ~' . rl.., . W .Ul llh... ,ro u"ao b,.Jab .. Le;lbt.ao, VlLLAS O ~ T ilE IlUDSOX. A Series of r ortJ Phow.lilboguphs or Geotlelllu·. & .... 00 !be J./ udooa., ObloD C . '''' RUDD & CARLETON, New York. Fi gure I. listed at the bottom of D. Appleton's advertisement, Villas was originall y intended as a more ambitious work of 40 photo-lithographs. Villas on the Hudson: An Architectural and Biographical Examination by Janet Butler Munch Villas on the Hudson: A Collection of Photo-Lithographs of Thirty-One Country Residences (New York and London: D. Appleton & Co., 1860) depicts fl oor plans and views of stately homes of prominent nineteenth-century country gentlemen. Through this work, one can see "the state of architectural embellishment on the Hudson" of a "wealthy and cultivated portion of our citizens" as well as find "valuable suggestions" for building in the nineteenth century.! When Villas was published, American architecture was in its infancy as a profess ion. The renderings shown are representative works of such early architectural pioneers as Alexander Jackson Davis, Joseph Collins W ells, Thomas R. Jackson, and Detlef Lienau. In addition to being known and recognized in architectural circles,2 Villas enjoys a place in publishing history. (fig. 1) D. Appleton & Co. was considered a publishing house of high qualiry. Its chief photographer, A. A. Turner, prepared all photo-lithographs in Villas and has been described as the "first full time photo-mechanical printer" and the "chief agent and spokesman" for photo-lithography) It is a beautifully executed work using hand colored red, green, and tan tints; photographic historian David A. Hanson considers Villas to be a masterpiece of early photo-lithographic printing. Hanson also claims that Villas is the "earliest photo- mechanically reproduced book in the United Villas on the Hudson: A n Architectural and Biographical Examination 93 States and . one of only a handful of books in the United States illustrated with pho­ tographs by that date [1 860]."4 Villas has long been something of a mystery since beyond its striking photo-lithographs, its only text is the title page, a brief preface and a list of the villas included. Little has been written about Villas itself and until now no attempt has been made to discuss the work as a whole.S This article will attempt to document the accomplishments and inter­ ests of each individual whose country seat was included in Villas . Additionally, the con­ struction and present status of each nineteenth-century villa will be discussed. Perhaps even more interesting than its place in architectural and publishing history are the accomplishments and interes ts of those whose homes are depicted in Villas. An interesting mix, the selection of gentlemen shows care and provides a window through which to view the latter half of the nineteenth century. With a civil war approaching, staunch pro- and anti-union merchants are included. In an age of scientific inquiry, a wealthy country gentleman indulged his horticultural curios ities through experimentation and thereby contributed immeasurably to an under­ standing of Hudson River Valley vegetation. A yearning for cultural offerings is mani­ fested in the faithful following inspired by an eminent Shakespearian actor, as well as in the wide readership of a writer who populari zed the Hudson River Valley. A prominent snuff and tobacco manufacturer represented a rising and wealthy mercantile class begin­ ning to enjoy such leisure pursuits as yachting and horse racing. A silk importer, dissatis­ fi ed with the range of colors he could import from France, began manufacturing his own silks locally and became the largest ribbon merchant in the United States. A respected merchant, daring the unthinkable, raised funding to build the Railroad at the Isthmus of Panama, and thereby connected the eastern and western United States via a rail and ship route. Through Villas, one sees a refl ection of the prevailing interest in the planned environ­ mental movement. Urbanization, with its grid system of streets, was being scorned and the Downing-like naturalistic setting of contoured land and green space was being ideal­ ized.6 The opening of the Hudson River railway in 1849 made rus in urbe (country in the city ) possible since merchants were able to li ve in the country while still being within easy commute of the city. 94 The Hudson Valley Regional Review The homes of prominent nineteenth-century personalities in present day New York, the Bronx, Westchester and Dutchess counties are depicted in Villas . O ne remarkable villa fronting the Hudson River on the New Jersey side is also included. Figure 2. Photograph of W illiam H. Aspinwall (1 807- 1975) from oil on canvas by Daniel Huntington. Courtesy of Nati onal Protrait Gall ery, Smi thsonian Institution. WILLIAM HENRY A S PINWALL (1 807-1875), merchant, headed the firm of Howland and Aspinwall, one of the largest and most internationally active shipping houses in New York C ity. The firm built a fortune in trade with Latin and Central America, England, the Mediterranean, and C hina. By 1850, Aspinwall retired and turned his attention to a new venture, the Pacific Mail Steamship Company which was contracted to carry United States mail to Oregon.
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