Revista Eclesiastica Brasile.I Ra

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Revista Eclesiastica Brasile.I Ra REVISTA,, ECLESIASTICA. BRASILE.I RA VOL. 8 MARÇO 1948 FASC. 1 SUMARIO Na bt c o, Mons. J., A Arte a serviço da Igreja......... 1 J u I i·ã o, P. Pedro, S. J., Projeção internacional de ,Pio XI-1 em 1947 . • . 11 R o s s i, Cônego Agnelo, A Maçonaria e o cisma do Pres- biterianismo Brasileiro . 35 O I g i a t i, Mons. Francisco, O Breviátio na viela sacerdotal 57 Campos O ó e s, P., Nos domínios da História Ecle- siástica . • . 71 P e d r o s a, Cônego A. Xavier, ,Amén1 .ou Amem. 80 Noronha, P. Dr. José Azevedo, S. S., Aclolescêncra e Religião . 85 R i b e i r o, Mârio de Sampayo, Nossa Senhora na músi- ca de Portugal . ...................... ·. 89 . * . Comunicações . • : .................'. 119 P. A. S., Dois movimentos convergentes: A Assunção e a Realeza de Maria (119). - De C as te e 1e, S. j., XVlll Semana Missiológica de Louvain sobre a crise das Missões (124). - Miscellanea L. Cunibert Mohlberg (131). - Bea­ tissimo Patri Pio Pa_pae Xll salutatio ( 133). EDITORA VOZES LTDA., PETRÓPOLIS, ESTADO ·oo RIO REVISTA ECLESIÁSTICA BRASILEIRA Redator: Frei T h o m a z B o r g m e i e r, O. F. M. Gerente: F. J. L. Vier. "Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira", publicação trimestral para o Clero ca­ tólico, aparece em Março, Junho, Setembro e Dezembro. O preço da assinatura anual é de Cr $60,00 para o Brasil, e de 4 dólares ameri­ canos para o estrangeiro. A revista será expedida sob registro postal só mediante encomenda expressa. Toda a correspondência relativa à Administração (como sejam pedidos de assinatura, pagamentos, recla­ mações) se dirija à "Editora Vozes Ltda.", Petrópolis, Estado do Rio. Assuntos concernentes à Redação (como colaborações, comunicações, etc.) enviem-se ao redator: Convento dos Franciscanos, Petrópolis, R. J. Os originais dos artigos, · publicados ou não, não serão devolvidos. SUMARIO (Continuação) Assuntos Pastorais . 134 W. B e r t r a m s, S. 1., De facultate audiendi confessiones durante itinere aereo (134). - P. Valentim P a n z ar as a,· S. S., Liberdade na escolha da vocação (139). - Frei Fr. Xavier, O. F. M., Da instrução dos Nubentes (158). - Pequenos casos pastorais (166). Documentação . 175 · Atos da Santa Sé (175). - Rádiomensagem de Natal do Sumo Pontífice Pio XII (179). - Encíclica "Optatissima Pax" (186). - Alocução do Santo Padre à Sagrada Rota Romana (188). - Allocutio Pii PP. XII occasione beatifi­ cationis Contardi Ferrini (191). - Discurso de S; S. Pio XII ao Congresso Internacional para o 50.º aniversário da invenção marconiana do Rádio (198). Pelas Revistas . 201 P. João C a Ia b ri a, Non possumus (201 ). Crônica Eclesiástica 206 Necrologia . 222 Apreciações 228 Bibliografia ...... ·.· ................... 233 Ulretor rcsponsâvel: l'rel João de Castro Abreu Magalhães, O. f. M. A Arte a Serviço da Igreja. Por Monsenhor J o a q u i m N a b u c o, Rio de Janeiro. Conferência feita no Auditorium do Ministério de Educação e Saúde a 17 de Dezembro de 1947, em conjunto com a Exposição de Arte Sacra, apre­ sentada pela Sociedade Brasileira de Arte Cristã. Se nós fôssemos dividir a produção artística da civilização cristã, isto é, destes vinte séculos de cristianismo, em duas par­ tes: a sacra e a profana, pondo-a nos pratos duma balança, esta cairia fortemente do lado sacro. E a razão parece ser que os ar­ tistas sempre procuram, como fontes de inspiração, o que en­ contram de mais elevado: Deus Criador e suas manifestações pelas criaturas. A Igreja, do outro lado, sempre achou que ela não pode dispensar o concurso dos artistas. De fato, todas as formas de arte vêm prestando seu auxílio na grande tarefa humana ele dar glória ao Criador por meio do culto divino. Em primeiro lugar temos as igrejas em alvenaria, em con­ creto ou em tijolos; depois suas partes complementares e sua or­ namentação: escultura, pintura, mosaico, vitrais. Seguem-se di­ versas artes menores, trabalhos em ouro, prata, bronze, ferro. Vêm a seguir os trabalhos de talha, os de cerâmica, e depois os tecidos: veludos, damascos, brocados. Por fim, os trabalhos em pergaminho, ou os belos missais impressos, que enriquecem os róis dos livros do culto. Não há trabalho nenhum, nos vários ra­ mos das artes, desde as abóbadas elas nossas igrejas até às ilu­ minuras dos · nossos missais, que não venham dar seu concurso para glória de Deus e para o aperfeiçoamento do seu culto. A Igreja sempre considerou a arte como coisa sua, chaman­ do-a a seu serviço desde os tempos apostólicos: São Lucas era artista, não só com a pena mas também com o pincel. A lição, ela a tomou do próprio Deus que, com tantas mi­ núcias, determinou como se havia de construir e ornar o Templo da antiga lei, e como se havia de fazer as vestes sacras dos le­ vitas e sacerdotes que nele deveriam ministrar. E, para a insti- 2 N a b u e o, A Arte a Serviço da Igreja tuição da Divina Eucaristia, quis Nosso Senhor uma sala bem ornada e de antemão preparada. 1 Os artistas cristãos dos primeiros séculos de nossa era, em meio às mais cruéis perseguições, usavam todos os seus recursos para ornamentar os corredores e os sepulcros dos cemitérios e capelas subterrâneas. Que o diga Mons. Wilpert com seus belos volumes sobre as pinturas das catacumbas. 2 Seguindo os tempos, vemos, no século VI, aparecerem as igrejas titulares de Roma, e as mais ricas casas romanas trans­ formadas em casas de oração e de culto. A arte bizantina deixou-nos um dos mais notáveis monumen­ tos sacros de todos os tempos: Santa Sofia, construída no sé­ culo VI pelo imperador Justiniano o Grande, ainda hoje é tida como insuperada. Seus suntuosos mosaicos, recobertos pelos tur­ cos no século XV, quando a Basílica foi transformada em Mes­ quita, vêm sendo agora restituídos à vida, graças aos trabalhos do arqueólogo e professor de Boston, Thomas Whittemore. 3 Na era do gótico, todos, ricos e pobres, concorriam com di­ nheiro e mão de obra para levantar monumentos, que levaram séculos para construir, e que ainda hoje constituem parte bem grande do patrimônio da Igreja no velho mundo: Chartres, Co­ lônia, Milão, são três nomes que sobressaem numa longa e gran­ diosa relação. E entre nós, - nos templos das Minas Gerais, como nos do Rio ou da Baía, - os melhores canteiros e entalhadores consa­ gravam toda a sua vida a construir e ornamentar o que constitui um precioso legado dos nossos maiores. Fachadas maravilhosas, como a de São Francisco em São João d'EI-Rei, conservam ain­ da hoje toda a sua frescura e todo o seu encanto. Este modo contínuo e seguido da Igreja de dar à arte parte tão grande na sua vida, constitui um argumento bem forte a fa­ vor da sua importância e da sua função na vida da Igreja de Deus. E' claro que resulta ela instituição da Divina Eucaristia e do culto público que se lhe concede, e para o qual o melhor ainda é pou­ co. Aliás nada disto é de estranhar, visto que São Pedro escolheu para sua sede a cidade arquitetônicamente mais bela do mundo. 1 ) Et ipse vobis demonstrabit caenaculum grande, stratum. (Mar­ cus, XIV, 15). 2) Mgr. Wilpert, Le Pitture delle Catacombe Romane. 2 vols. in 4°, Roma 1903. 3) Artigo em Time de 27 de Janeiro, 47. Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira, vol. 8, tasc. 1, Março 1948 3 As cidades modernas ainda ficam muito aquém da velha Roma. Certo rétor, por nome Temístio, numa alocução ao imperador Graciano, por volta do ano da graça de 380, disse que a cidade de Roma era um mar de beleza acima de qualquer descrição, e não compreendia como os homens que nela viviam, teriam que morrer um dia. Cada casa particular era uma verdadeira cidade, onde nada faltava. 4 Não é de admirar, pois, que, nos seus sé­ culos de cristianização, a Igreja Romana procurasse transformar e sobrenaturalizar tanta beleza, consagrando-a ao culto divino. Mas a vida do homem é composta de altos e baixos. Santa Teresa dizia que, muitas vezes, para subir bem alto precisava descer bem baixo. E ela dava o exemplo de certos pássaros que mergulham, para depois subirem ao alto. A vida da Igreja de Deus, ela também, não tem sido uma subida contínua; conheceu perío• dos bem contristadores. No que diz respeito à arte e à música, elementos estes em relação direta com sua vida litúrgica, a Igreja também conheceu tempos tristes, nos quais as músicas profanas, diria mesmo las­ civas, encontraram acolhimento nos seus santuários. E as artes sacras? Elas também sofreram. Na verdade a arte é, mais do que qualquer outra coisa, talvez, sujeita ao tempo em que se vive. Se o século XIX teve suas páginas bem sombrias, tanto a arte como a música caíram demais. Perdeu-se a noção elementar da sua finalidade religiosa. Vou dar alguns exemplos. Durante o século XIX, e no começo do nosso XX, as Mis­ sas solenes eram tão prolixas, que afastavam os fiéis pela sua duração, e os assustavam pela sua exuberância. A parte religio­ sa própriamente não existia. Enquanto as igrejas ficavam superlotadas de imagens de san­ tos e de mil objetos supérfluos e não previstos pelas rubricas, as mesas dos altares eram tão pequenas que nelas mal se podia co- • locar o Missal, e o supedâneo era insuficiente para o celebrante genuflectir. Quando, em 1,.. de Janeiro de 1888, o grande Leão XIII ce­ lebrou seu jubileu de ouro sacerdotal, de todas as partes do mun~ do os presentes afluíram em profusão.
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