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Paradigma Pengembangan Ilmu Pada Zaman Al Ma'mun (813-833 M)

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Paradigma Pengembangan Ilmu Pada Zaman Al Ma'mun (813-833 M) PARADIGMA PENGEMBANGAN ILMU PADA ZAMAN AL MA’MUN (813-833 M) TESIS DiajukankepadaPengelola Magister FakultasIlmuTarbiyahdanKeguruan (FITK) untukmengikutiUjianPromosiTesispada Program MagisterPendidikan Agama Islam Oleh: Ahmad Khumaidi Al Anshori NIM: 2113011000011 PROGRAM MAGISTER PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM FAKULTAS ILMU TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUAN UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI (UIN) SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2015 M/1436 H PEDOMAN TRANSLITERASI A. PADANAN AKSARA Huruf Arab Huruf Latin Keterangan Tidak dilambangkan ا B Be ب T Te خ Ts Te dan es ز J Je ض H Ha dengan garis bawah غ Kh Ka dan Ha خ D De ز Dz De dan Zet ش R Er ض Z Zet ظ S Es غ Sy Es dan Ye ش S Es dengan garis bawah ص D De dengan garis bawah ع T Te dengan garis bawah ط ػ Z Zet dengan garis bawah Koma terbalik di atas hadap „ ع kanan ؽ Gh Ge dan Ha F Ef ف Q Ki ق K Ka ن L El ل M Em و N En ٌ H Ha ِ W We ٔ A Apostrof ء Y Ye ي i B. VOKAL Tanda Vokal Tanda Vokal Keterangan Arab Latin A Fathah -َ- I Kasrah -ِ- U Dammah -ُ- Ai A dan i -َ- ي Au A dan u -ُ- و C. VOKAL PANJANG Tanda Vokal Tanda Vokal Keterangan Arab Latin  A dengan Topi di atas -- اَ Î I dengan Topi di atas -- يِ Û U dengan Topi di atas -- وُ D. KATA SANDANG Kata sandang dalam sistem tulisan Arab dilambangkan dengan huruf dialihaksarakan menjadi huruf (l), baik diikuti huruf syamsiyyah ,ال maupun qamariyah. Contoh: al-syamsu bukan asy-syamsu dan al-jannah E. SYADDAH/TASYDID Syaddah/tasydîd dalam tulisan Arab dilambangkan dengan ّ, dalam alih aksara dilambangkan dengan menggandakan huruf yang diberi tanda syiddah. Akan tetapi, hal ini tidak berlaku pada huruf-huruf syamsiyyah tidak ditulis an-naum َانَُٕو yang didahului kata sandang. Misalnya kata melainkan al-naum F. TA MARBÛTAH Ta marbûtah jika berdiri sendiri dan diikuti oleh kata sifat (na’at) dialihaksarakan menjadi huruf (h). Namun, jika huruf tersebut diikuti kata benda (ism), maka huruf tersebut dialihaksarakan menjadi huruf (t). Contoh: No Kata Arab Alih Aksara Madrasah هذرست 1 -Al-jâmi‟ah al الجاهعت اﻹسﻻهيت 2 islâmiyyah Wihdat al-wujud وحذة الىجىد 3 ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix x xi ABSTRAK Ahmad Khumaidi Al Anshori. NIM: 2113011000011; “Paradigma Pengembangan Ilmu pada Zaman Al-Ma’mun (813-833 M)”. Tesis Program Magister Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan (FITK) UIN SYarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 2015 Paradigma dapat dipahami sebagai sekumpulan keyakinan dasar yang mengarahkan pada tindakan penelitian ilmiah. Paradigma seseorang tentang ilmu, akan menentukan sikap dan perilakunya terhadap ilmu tersebut. Khalifah al-Ma‟mun merupakan salah satu Kholifah Daulah Abbasiyah yang termasuk kedalam The Golden Age (Zaman Keemasan). Selama pemerintahan al-Ma‟mun banyak hal yang ia lakukan, khususnya dalam mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan. Kecintaannya terhadap ilmu pengetahuan mempengaruhi pemikiran al-Ma‟mun. Masalah utama dalam penelitian ini adalah: “Paradigma Pengembangan ilmu bagaimanakah yang di kembangkan pada zaman al-Ma‟mun? Penelitian ini bertujuan: Mengungkap fakta tentang paradigma pengembangan terhadap ilmu dalam sejarah pendidikan Islam pada zaman al-Ma‟mun (813-833M). Penelitian ini bermanfaat untuk memberikan informasi tentang sejarah paradigma pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan (sains) dalam pendidikan Islam di zaman klasik dan masih relevan pada masa kini. Data primer dalam penelitian ini adalah dari Kitab Al-Kamil fi Tarikh oleh Ibn Atsir dan Kitab Wa’fiyat Al- A’yan wa Anba Al-Zaman oleh Ibn Khalikan dan Mukadimah Ibn Khaldun oleh Ibnu Khaldun yang menjelaskan tentang pertumbuhan ilmu dan perkembanganya pada zaman al-Ma‟mun Dinasti Abbasiyah (813-833). Adapun data sekundernya adalah karya tulis Tarikh Al-Tarbiyah al-Islamiyah oleh Ahmad Syalabi, The History of Arabic oleh Philip K. Hitti dan Science Civilization in Islam oleh Syyed Hoesen Nasr dan para ilmuwan yang telah menulis sejarah ilmu. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini sepenuhnya adalah studi pustaka. Hasil yang dicapai dalam penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Paradigma pengembangan ilmu pada zaman al-Ma‟mun merupakan pengembangan integrated yang berbasis pada tauhid yang melihat ilmu pengetahuan (sains) dari aspek ontologis yang membahas alam jagat raya yang disusun sebagai ilmu pengetahuan (sains), epistemologis dengan metode ijbari atau eksperimen dan observasi yang dilakukan di laboratorium, dan aksiologis dimana Islam menganjurkan dan mendorong manusia untuk mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan alam (sains) yang merupakan satu kesatuan dari Allah. Paradigma pengembangan ilmu di zaman al-Ma‟mun terpusatkan pada ilmu-ilmu alam (Natural Sciences) dengan Pola gerakan intelektual yang integrated pada zamannya. Kata Kunci: Paradigma, Pengembangaan, Ilmu, Zaman, Al-Ma‟mun xii ABSTRACT Ahmad Khumaidi Al Anshori. NIM: 2113011000011; "Paradigm Development of Science in the Al-Ma'mun". The Master degree program thesis Islamic Religion teaching Faculty of Education and educations in teaching and care (FITK) UIN Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University in Jakarta . 2015 Paradigm can be understood as a set of basic beliefs that direct the actions of scientific research. Paradigm someone about science, will determine the attitude and behavior towards the art. Caliph al-Ma'mun was one Kholifah Daula Abbasid included into The Golden Age (Golden Age). During the reign of al-Ma'mun many things he did, especially in developing science. His passion for science influence the thinking of al-Ma'mun. The main problem in this research is: "The paradigm of how science Development that was developed at the time of al-Ma'mun? This study aims: Revealing the facts about the development paradigm for the science education in the history of Islam in the time of al-Ma'mun (813-833M). This research is useful to provide information about the history of the development paradigm of science (science) in Islamic education in antiquity and is still relevant today. Primary data in this study is from the Book of Al- Kamil fi Tarikh by Ibn Atsir and Book Wa'fiyat wa Al-Anba A'yan Al-Zaman by Ibn Khalikan and Ibn Khaldun Preamble by Ibn Khaldun, explaining the growth of science and its development in the time Abbasid al-Ma'mun (813- 833). The secondary data is writing Tarbiyah Tarikh al-Ahmad al-Islamiyah by Syalabi, The History of Arabic by Philip K. Hitti Science and Civilization in Islam by Nasr Hoesen Syyed and scientists who have written the history of science. Therefore this research entirely is literature. The results achieved in this study concluded that the paradigm of development of science in the time of al-Ma'mun an integrated development based on monotheism who see science (science) of natural discuss ontological aspects of the universe that is structured as a science (science), epistemological ijbari method or experiments and observations made in the laboratory, and axiological where Islam advocate and encourage people to develop the natural sciences (science) which is a unity of God. Paradigm development of science in the age of al-Ma'mun concentrated in natural sciences (Natural Sciences) with integrated movement pattern intellectual of his time. Keywords: Paradigm, Deveplopment, Knowledge, The Time, Al Ma‟mun xiii هلخص البحث أحوذ خويذي اﻷنصاري. رَقنُ الطالِب: 2113011000011 ؛ " نوىرج تنويت العلن في عهذ الـوأهُىى " . رسالت هاجستير برناهج التربيت اﻹسﻻهيت بكليت التربيت والتعلين (FITK) بجاهعت شريف هذايت اهلل اﻹسﻻهيت الحكىهيت بجاكرتا عام 5102 هـ. ًٌٔكٍ فٓى انًُٕشض كًعػًٕح يٍ انؼًرمساخ اﻷساسٍح انرً ذٕظّ ذظطفاخ انثحس انؼهًً. شرض يا فً انًُٕشض ػٍ انؼهى، ٔذحسٌس انًٕالف ٔانسهٕن ذعاِ انفٍ. كاٌ انرهٍفح انًأيٌٕ شًهد ٔاحسج زأﻻ انرهٍفح انؼثاسً إنى انؼظط انصْثً )انؼظط انصْثً(. فً ػٓس انًأيٌٕ أشٍاء كصٍطج فؼهّ، ذظٕطا فً ذغٌٕط انؼهٕو. شغفّ نهؼهى ذؤشط ػهى ذفكٍط انًأيٌٕ. انًشكهح انطئٍسٍح فً ْصا انثحس: "إٌ ًَٕشض نكٍفٍح ػهٕو انرًٍُح انرً ذى ذغٌٕطْا فً ٔلد انًأيٌٕ؟ ٔذٓسف ْصِ انسضاسح: انكشف ػٍ انحمائك حٕل ًَٕشض انرًٍُح نرؼهٍى انؼهٕو فً ذاضٌد اﻹسﻻو فً ػٓس انرهٍفح انًأيٌٕ )-318 M388(. ْصا انثحس ْٕ يفٍس نرٕفٍط انؼًهٕياخ ػٍ ذاضٌد ًَٕشض انرًٍُح فً انؼهٕو )ػهٕو( فً انرطتٍح اﻹسﻻيٍح فً انؼظٕض انمسًٌح، ٔﻻ ذعال طانحح انٍٕو. انثٍاَاخ اﻷٔنٍح فً ْصِ انسضاسح يٍ كراب آل كًٍم فاي انراضٌد ﻻتٍ اﻷشٍط ٔكراب wa'fiyat A'yan ٔا آل اﻷَثا انرً كرثٓا تٍ انعياٌ انسٌثاظح Khalikan ٔاتٍ ذهسٌٔ اتٍ ذهسٌٔ يٍ ذﻻل شطغ انًُٕ انؼهى ٔذغٕضِ فً ػٓس انرهٍفح انرﻻفح انؼثاسٍح - Ma'mun 833-813)(. انثٍاَاخ انصإَي ْٕ كراتح عطتٍّ Tarikh اﻻحًس اﻻسﻻيٍح يٍ لثم Syalabi، ذاضٌد انهغح انؼطتٍح يٍ لثم فٍهٍة ن حرً انؼهى ٔانحضاضج فً اﻹسﻻو َظط Syyed Hoesen ٔانؼهًاء انصٌٍ كرثٕا فً ذاضٌد انؼهى. ٔتانرانً ْصا انثحس ْٕ اﻷزب ذًايا. انُرائط انرً ذحممد فً ْصِ انسضاسح ذهظد إنى أٌ ًَٕشض ذغٕض انؼهى فً ظيٍ انًأيٌٕ ٔانرًٍُح انًركايهح انمائًح ػهى انرٕحٍس انصٌٍ ٌطٌٔ انؼهى )انؼهى( يٍ انغثؼًٍ يُالشح انعٕاَة انٕظٕزٌح نهكٌٕ انصي ٌرشكم كؼهى )انؼهى(، انؼًطفٍّ عطٌمح ijbari أٔ انرعاضب ٔانًﻻحظاخ انرً أتسٌد فً انًررثط، ٔانمًًٍ حٍس زاػٍح اﻹسﻻو ٔذشعٍغ انُاغ ػهى ذغٌٕط انؼهٕو انغثؼٍٍح )انؼهٕو( ًْٔ ٔحسج يٍ اهلل. ذغٌٕط ًَٕشض انؼهى فً ػظط انًأيٌٕ ذرطكع فً انؼهٕو انغثؼٍٍح )انؼهٕو انغثؼٍٍح( يغ يركايم انفكطٌح ًَظ انحطكح يٍ ٔلرّ. كلواث البحث: النوىرج والتنويت، والعلىم، عهذ، الـوأهىى xiv KATA PENGANTAR . . Segala puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan ke hadirat Allah SWT, karena atas segala karunia, rahmat dan hidayah-Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan penulisan tesis ini. Shalawat dan salam dihaturkan kepada pendidik pertama, Nabi Besar Muhammad SAW yang telah menggariskan rambu-rambu Pengembangan sehingga dapat mengangkat derajat dan martabat manusia sebagaimana mestinya. Dalam kesempatan ini, penulisan menyadari bahwa selama penulisan tesis ini, sejujurnya penulis banyak sekali mengalami berbagai kesulitan dan kendala baik dalam literatur, dan waktu dalam penyelesaiannya, terutama dalam menganalisis dan memahami berbagai bahan bacaan. Namun berkat bantuan dan dorongan moril dari berbagai pihak, akhirnya kesulitan-kesulitan selama penulisan tesis ini dapat diatasi. Oleh karena itu, pada kesempatan ini penulis menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih yang tidak terhingga terutama kepada yang terhormat: 1. Prof. Dr.
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