Diversity of Male Identities in Early and Middle La Tène Period Cemeteries in Central Europe
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
DIVERSITY OF MALE IdENTITIES IN EARLY AND MIDDLE LA TÈNE PERIOD CEMETERIES IN CENTRAL EUROPE Peter C. Ramsl Archaeologica Slovaca Monographiae STUDIA Instituti Archaeologici Nitriensis Academiae Scientiarum Slovacae TOMUS XXXII NITRAE MMXX ArchAeOlOgIcký úSTAv SlOveNSkej AkAdéMIe vIed DIVERSITY OF MALE IdENTITIES IN EARLY AND MIDDLE LA TÈNE PERIOD CEMETERIES IN CENTRAL EUROPE Peter C. Ramsl With contributions from Friederike Novotny, vienna (Anthropology), and joscha gretzinger – Stephan Schiffels, jena (dNA) This publication was funded by the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Marie curie Actions and FP 7 of the european commission (SASPrO project 1340/03/03) and by the Scientific grant Agency of the Ministry of education, Science, research and Sport of the Slovak republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences (vegA project 1/0399/18). NITRA 2020 Peter c. ramsl diversity of Male Identities in early and Middle la Tène Period cemeteries in central europe With contributions from Friederike Novotny, vienna (Anthropology), and joscha gretzinger – Stephan Schiffels, jena (dNA) Nitra 2020 Archaeologica Slovaca Monographiae Studia, Tomus XXXII chief editor doc. Phdr. Matej ruttkay, cSc. reviewers dr. Marko dizdar dr. Mariana egri károly Tankó, Phd Supervising editor Lucia Benediková language editor Philip earl Steele layout Beáta jančíková cover Peter c. ramsl, Thomas Pertlwieser Print vedA, vydavateľstvo SAv, Bratislava www.veda.sav.sk distribution Archeologický ústav SAv Akademická 2 Sk – 949 21 Nitra tel.: + 421 / 37 / 6943 209 e-mail: [email protected] Publisher © Archeologický ústav SAv, 2020 ISBN 978-80-8196-040-6 ConteNTS Preface .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 7 The story of the project ............................................................................................................................................................ 7 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................................................. 8 The aims of the project ............................................................................................................................................................ 8 definition: Middle, central europe – Mec/cec ................................................................................................................ 9 The concept of identity ............................................................................................................................................................... 10 Identity in archaeology ......................................................................................................................................................... 11 definition ................................................................................................................................................................................. 11 different kinds of identities .................................................................................................................................................. 11 Scientific/philosophic bases of identity ............................................................................................................................... 14 evidence from funerary material culture ........................................................................................................................... 14 Masculinity in research ............................................................................................................................................................. 15 Male identities (?) – state of research, theory ..................................................................................................................... 15 The Organization of Iron Age Societies ................................................................................................................................. 18 Smallest unit: the household/familia .................................................................................................................................. 18 Sub-ethnic groups, tribes ...................................................................................................................................................... 19 Burial rites ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 21 Inhumation .............................................................................................................................................................................. 21 Orientation ........................................................................................................................................................................ 21 Position of the body ......................................................................................................................................................... 21 Number of burials in a grave ......................................................................................................................................... 21 Secondary burials ............................................................................................................................................................ 22 cremations .............................................................................................................................................................................. 22 la Tène A ........................................................................................................................................................................... 23 la Tène B1 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 23 la Tène B2 to the beginning of la Tène c ................................................................................................................... 23 Biritual graves ......................................................................................................................................................................... 24 Slovakia ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 24 research history and state of research ............................................................................................................................... 24 cemeteries ............................................................................................................................................................................... 25 Bajč ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 25 Bučany ............................................................................................................................................................................... 26 chotín ................................................................................................................................................................................ 26 dubník ............................................................................................................................................................................... 27 hurbanovo-Bacherov Majer ........................................................................................................................................... 27 kamenín ............................................................................................................................................................................ 28 Malé kosihy ...................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Maňa .................................................................................................................................................................................. 28 Palárikovo I ....................................................................................................................................................................... 30 Palárikovo II ...................................................................................................................................................................... 30 Svätý Peter ......................................................................................................................................................................... 30 Trnovec nad váhom – horný jatov ............................................................................................................................... 31 Special cases ............................................................................................................................................................................ 31 Austria ...........................................................................................................................................................................................