Development of the Statewide Aircraft Inventory for 2020
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Eastern Research Group, Inc. Development of the Statewide Aircraft Inventory for 2020 Final Prepared for: Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Air Quality Division Prepared by: Eastern Research Group, Inc. May 13, 2019 ERG No. 0345.00.019 DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATEWIDE AIRCRAFT INVENTORY FOR 2020 TCEQ Contract No. 582-15-50416 Work Order No. 582-18-82508-19 Prepared for: Cody McLain Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Bldg. E, Room 335S Austin, Texas 78711-3087 Prepared by: Roger Chang Eastern Research Group, Inc. 1600 Perimeter Park Drive Suite 200 Morrisville, North Carolina 27560 May 13, 2019 Table of Contents 1.0 Executive Summary ............................................................................................ 1-1 2.0 Emission Projection Procedures ........................................................................ 2-1 3.0 Summary of Texas Airport Emissions ............................................................... 3-1 4.0 References .......................................................................................................... 4-1 Appendix A Projection Factors ..................................................................................... A-1 Appendix B Quality Assurance ...................................................................................... B-1 i List of Tables Table 3-1. Controlled and Uncontrolled Daily Criteria Emissions (Tons Per Day) ........ 3-1 Table 3-2. Controlled Daily Criteria Emissions by Type (Tons Per Day) ........................ 3-1 Table 3-3. Uncontrolled Daily Criteria Emissions by Type (Tons Per Day) ................... 3-1 Table 3-4. Controlled Daily Criteria Emission by County (Tons Per Day) ..................... 3-2 Table 3-5. Uncontrolled Daily Criteria Emission by County (Tons Per Day) .................3-9 Table A-1. Projection Factors ........................................................................................... A-1 Table B-1. Counties with the Highest Absolute Percent Changes in Emissions ............ B-7 Table B-2. Airports with the Highest Absolute Percent Changes in Emissions Within the Previously Identified Counties ........................................................................................ B-8 Table B-3. Example Comparison for 2011 Inventory between AEDT and EDMS at the Airport, Aircraft, Engine, and Pollutant Level .............................................................. E-10 Table B-4. SCCs With the Highest Absolute Percent Change in Emissions Within the Previously Identified Airport/County Combinations .................................................... B-12 Table B-5. Airport/SCC Combinations Within the Top 25 Airports with the Highest Activity ............................................................................................................................ B-13 Table B-6. Comparison of Revised Military Criteria Emission Factors1 to the Previous Generic Military Emission Factors2 (tons/LTO)* ........................................................ B-20 Table B-7. Comparison to Confirm All Aircraft Were Included in the New Inventory B-21 Table B-8. Airports in the 2011 Inventory that were not included in the 2017 Inventory (closed) .......................................................................................................................... B-29 Table B-9. Airports (Opened) in 2017 That Did Not Have Activity in 2011 .................. B-31 Table B-10. Counties with The Highest Absolute Percent Changes in Emissions ....... B-42 Table B-11. Airports with the Highest Absolute Percent Changes in Emissions Within the Previously Identified Counties ...................................................................................... B-44 Table B-12. SCCs With the Highest Absolute Percent Change in Emissions Within the Previously Identified Airport/County Combinations ................................................... B-45 Table B-13. Airport/SCC Combinations Within the Top 25 Airports the Highest Activity ....................................................................................................................................... B-46 Table B-14. Comparison to Confirm All Aircraft Were Included in AEDT Run .......... B-54 Table B-15. Comparison of Controlled and Uncontrolled 2017 Emissions ................... B-61 Table B-16. Counties with the Highest Absolute Percent Changes in Emissions ........ B-62 Table B-17. Airports with the Highest Absolute Percent Changes in Emissions Within the Previously Identified Counties. ............................................................................... B-63 Table B-18. SCCs With the Highest Absolute Percent Change in Emissions Within the Previously Identified Airport/County Combinations. .................................................. B-64 Table B-19. Airport/SCC Combinations Within the Top 26 Airports the Highest Activity. ............................................................................................................ B-65 Table B-20. Comparison to Confirm All Aircraft Were Included in AEDT Run .......... B-72 Table B-21. Comparison of Controlled and Uncontrolled 2020 Emissions ................. B-79 ii 1.0 Executive Summary The purpose of this study is to develop a set of average summer weekday (tons per day) emission inventories (EI) for Texas airport activities based on a 2017 base year for the 2020 attainment year. The inventories include all counties in Texas and provide both controlled and uncontrolled ozone precursor emissions datasets. Eastern Research Group (ERG) developed emissions inventories for criteria and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). The inventory will be used to support the State Implementation Plan (SIP) and other airport-related inquiries. The emissions associated with airport activities are attributed to the following sources with associated source classification codes (SCC): Commercial aviation (SCC: 2275020000) Air taxis Piston driven (SCC: 2275060011) Turbine driven (SCC: 2275060012) General aviation Piston driven (SCC: 2275050011) Turbine driven (SCC: 2275050012) Military (SCC: 2275001000) Auxiliary Power Units (SCC: 2275070000) Ground Support Equipment Compressed natural gas (CNG)-fueled (SCC: 2268008005) Diesel-fueled (SCC: 2270008005) Gasoline-fueled (SCC: 2265008005) Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)-fueled (SCC: 2267008005). To estimate emissions from these sources, ERG projected the base year emissions inventory obtained for Work Order 582-18-82508-19 for calendar year 2017 which included controlled and uncontrolled emissions. The 2020 emissions were projected based on growth factors from the FAA’s 2017 TAF data1. In 2017, general aviation aircraft outfitted with piston engines account for 50% of the total aircraft activities. Commercial aircraft, General aviation aircraft outfitted with jet engines, military aircraft, air taxi aircraft outfitted with jet engines, and air taxi aircraft outfitted with piston engines account for 20%, 19%, 7%, 3%, and 1% of the total aircraft activities, respectively. Harris County and Tarrant County had the highest aircraft activity, accounting for 13.4% and 12.8% respectively of all Texas activity. 1-1 2.0 Emission Projection Procedures The 2017 base year controlled and uncontrolled inventories were projected to 2020 based on growth factors from the FAA’s 2017 TAF data1. The TAF data included aircraft operations data by airport and general aircraft type (AT, GA, MIL, AC). A takeoff and a landing are two separate operations, and the two operations combined equal an LTO cycle. Therefore, the operations data were converted into LTO data by dividing by 2. Growth factors were calculated by dividing the projected 2020 year LTO data by the 2017 base year LTO data. This provided growth factors by airport and generic aircraft type. Where the airport/generic aircraft type data did not link up to the base year inventory, generic aircraft type growth factors were developed. These factors are listed in Appendix A. Quality assurance checks implemented for this project are summarized in Appendix B. These factors were then applied to the 2017 controlled and uncontrolled base year inventories to project the controlled and uncontrolled inventories for 2020. For more detailed information on the development of the 2017 base year inventories, please see the 2017 Texas Statewide Aircraft Emissions Inventory. 2-1 3.0 Summary of Texas Airport Emissions The results of implementing the emissions projection procedures for the year 2020 are presented in Table 3-1 through Table 3-5. Table 3-1. Controlled and Uncontrolled Daily Criteria Emissions (Tons Per Day) Controlled Uncontrolled Pollutant Emissions Emissions CO 109.05 109.42 NOX 43.81 44.15 PM10-PRI 2.12 2.17 PM25-PRI 1.85 1.90 SO2 4.53 4.58 VOC 11.35 11.38 Table 3-2. Controlled Daily Criteria Emissions by Type (Tons Per Day) Type CO NOX PM10-PRI PM25-PRI SO2 VOC Air Taxi, Piston 1.47 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.01 Air Taxi, Turbine 2.12 0.91 0.11 0.11 0.13 0.41 APU 0.64 0.52 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.05 Commercial 34.30 31.24 0.22 0.22 3.24 4.35 General Aviation, Piston 39.71 0.21 0.76 0.53 0.03 0.50 General Aviation, Turbine 12.26 0.47 0.28 0.28 0.11 1.09 GSE 7.39 0.86 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.26 Military 11.16 9.59 0.60 0.58 0.91 4.67 Total 109.05 43.81 2.12 1.85 4.53 11.35 Table 3-3. Uncontrolled Daily Criteria Emissions by Type (Tons Per Day) Type CO NOX PM10-PRI PM25-PRI SO2 VOC Air Taxi, Piston 1.47 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.01 Air Taxi, Turbine 2.12 0.91 0.11 0.11 0.13 0.41 APU 1.00 0.86 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.08 Commercial 34.30