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Rolls-Royce Technology for Future Aircraft Engines Raes Hamburg Rolls-Royce Technology for Future Aircraft Engines RAeS Hamburg March 20 2014 Ulrich Wenger, Head of Engineering & Technology Rolls-Royce Deutschland © 2014 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG The information in this document is the property of Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG and may not be copied or communicated to a third party, or used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied without the express written consent of Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG. This information is given in good faith based upon the latest information available to Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG, no warranty or representation is given concerning such information, which must not be taken as establishing any contractual or other commitment binding upon Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG or any of its subsidiary or associated companies. Trusted to deliver excellence 2 Content o 1. Introduction to Rolls-Royce o 2. Engine Technology in the Past o Engines for Commercial Jets o Turboprops o Engines for Business Jets o 3. Sustainable Aviation o ACARE / Flight Path 2050 Targets o Future Engine Concepts o 4. Technology Development at Rolls-Royce 1. Introduction to Rolls-Royce: 3 Power Systems for 4 Markets 2013 Financial Highlights 4 5 Rolls-Royce Deutschland 2013 6 at a Glance Sustainable Growth in Germany 7 Rolls-Royce in Germany 8 Rolls-Royce Power Systems Friedrichshafen 2. Engine Technology in the Past 9 • First jet propelled flight took place 75 years ago: Heinkel He 178 with HeS3 designed by Pabst von Ohain, 27.08.1939 Rostock Source: Wikipedia • First commercial jet airplane 1949/52: DeHavilland Comet DH106 DeHaviland Ghost at first flight. Rolls-Royce Avon engines on production aircrafts. (later also in S.A. Caravelle) Supersonic 10 Concorde, RR/Snecma Olympus, Turbojet Engine First flight: 21.01.1976 No of Aircraft built: 16(+4) Cruise Speed: Ma 2,2 RR Olympus, developed by Bristol Aero Engines for Vulcan Bomber 11 Rolls-Royce proprietary information Engine Design RR Olympus 12 Turbojet engine, no bypass flow Medium pressure ratio Variable geometry at inlet and exhaust (afterburner) Minimum frontal area Rolls-Royce proprietary information Turboprops 13 Turboprop Engine RR Dart • 2 axial-centrifugal compressors • Tubular combustor • First run 1946 Commercial airplanes: • Fokker F27 Friendship • Vickers Viscount • Douglas DC-3 re-engineing Source: Wikipedia • Gulfstream GI • Convair 600/640 • YS-11 Rolls-Royce proprietary information Turboprops 14 Turboprop Engine RR Tyne Applications in military aircraft: • Breguet Atlantique, maritime patrol • Transall C-160 • First flight Atlantique: 21.10.1961 • Medium air speed, conventional propeller delivers good efficiency • Low fuel burn requires moderate pressure ratio of about 13,5. Two shaft core engine allows very effective components Source: Wikipedia Turboprops 15 Airbus A400M EPI TP400 D6 • Air speed nearly at jet level (Ma 0,72) => modern propeller with complex control required (one power lever to control per engine) • Low fuel burn on long missions => Turboprop with high pressure ratio(ca. 26); optimum component efficiencies; 2 shaft core, free power turbine • First flight of the engine on C-130 testbed: 17.12.2008 Bypass Engine RR Conway 16 • First bypass engine in commercial service • 2 shafts, 2 axial compressors • BPR=0,6 Commercial airplanes: • Boeing 707 • Douglas DC-8 Source: Wikipedia Rolls-Royce proprietary information High Bypass Engine RR RB 211 17 • 3 shafts • BPR ca. 5 • Wide Chord Fan (Honeycomb) on later versions (-535, -524) Commercial airplanes: • Boeing 757, 767, 747 • Lockheed L 1011 Tristar Source: Wikipedia Rolls-Royce proprietary information 18 Modern Commercial Jets 18 A380, RR Trent 900 Trent XWB - Advanced Technology for A350 19 Low emissions Hollow Advanced combustor lightweight materials titanium fan system Turbine end wall profiling Integrated intelligent engine health monitoring Soluble core HP turbine blades Full 3D aero compressors 2 stage IP turbine Bearing load management Blisk technology Rolls-Royce proprietary information Copyright: Airbus Milestones Business Jets 20 Gulfstream GI RR Dart Gulfstream GII RR Spey Gulfstream GIII RR Spey Gulfstream GIV RR Tay Gulfstream G350/450 RR Tay 8C Gulfstream GV/G550 BR710 Gulfstream G650 BR725 Rolls-Royce proprietary information BR725 Engine for Gulfstream G650 21 Smoke free New 3stage LPT combustor New swept fan, Trent technology, increased diameter, increased bypass ratio 16 lobe mixer for minimal jet noise Improved HPC with 5 stages of blisk 3. Sustainable Aviation 22 • Climate Change (CO2 Emissions) Circa 1900 Today Pasterz Glacier, Austria • Noise Pasterz Gletscher, Österreich • problematic close to Airports 1 DC9-50 737-200 0.5 85 dB(A) Take-off Noise Startbahn 0 RJ100 -0.5 717-200 -1 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rolls-Royce proprietary information 23 Man-madeGreenhouse greenhouse gas emissions gas emissions (all gasses) (all for gasses)(2005) Electricity and heat 3.2 2.3 1.6 4.0 Agriculture, land use change and 4.3 28.0 forestry Manufacturing and construction 8.5 Transport Other fuel combustion Industrial processes Fugitive emissions 10.4 Waste Marine ~1050 million tonnes of 11.9 25.9 CO2 per year Aviation ~700 million tonnes of CO2 per year Source: World Resources Institute 2005 Rolls-Royce proprietary information 24 Global Aviation CO2 Emissions Scenario Rolls-Royce proprietary information Flightpath 2050 25 Goals to take ACARE beyond 2020 The Advisory Council for Aviation Research and Innovation in Europe (ACARE) has set new Requires technology goals to achieve by 2050 Improvement 75% reduction in CO2 per passenger kilometre in all areas 90% reduction in NOx emissions, and 65% reduction in noise Airframe Engine ATM & Operations Strategic Research & Innovation Agenda – goals: Meeting Societal and Market Needs Maintaining and Extending Industrial Leadership Protecting the Environment and the Energy Supply Ensuring Safety and Security Prioritising Research, Testing Capabilities & Education Rolls-Royce proprietary information X 26 ACARE 2020 and Flight Path 2050 Targets X Trent 1000 is 12% more fuel efficient than Trent 800 Rolls-Royce proprietary information Alternative Fuels 27 Rolls-Royce proprietary information 28 4. Technology Development at Rolls-Royce Rolls-Royce proprietary information 29 Turbofan Thermodynamic Cycle Efficiencies 0.700 0.70 0.725 0.750 propulsive 0.65 0.775 efficiency 0.8Mn 0.800 prop Current 0.825 0.60 Rolls-Royce HBR engines 0.850 practical limit for 0.875 low NOx 0.900 0.55 0.925 0.950 0.975 0.50 1.000 0.4 30% theoretical limit 0.425 0.45 theoretical for Open Rotor improvement at propulsive0.450 Ma 0.8 efficiency 0.40 0.475 theoretical limit 0.500 stoichiometric TET, 0.525 0.35 optimum componenten Specific Fuel Consumption lb / hr / lbf @ lbf / hr / lb Consumption Fuel Specific 0.550 efficiency, 80+ OPR. thermal efficiency th 0.575 0.600 x transfer efficiency tran 0.30 0.625 30 Fuel Burn Reduction and CO2 Improvements 2nd Generation BPR<5 Commercial Jets PW JT8D, RR Conway +12-15% 3rd Generation BPR=5-8 RB211, Trent 700, V2500 4th Generation BPR=8-10 Trent 500/900, GP7000 ATF or GTF BPR >11 Reference 5th Generation BPR>10 Trent 1000, GENX - 5-8 % - 10% UHBR, BPR>20, CRTF New Architectures - 15 % - 20 % ACARE Vision 2020 Target Open rotor, BPR>35 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Year Rolls-Royce proprietary information 31 Process Temperatures, Trends Type Test Turbine Entry Temperatures (TET) • High OR cycles increase turbine entry S s S Current temperatures Development Engines S S • Required HPT technology: S Y • Materials & Coatings y • Cooling design & airsystem design Rolls-Royce proprietary information 32 Composite Fan Research today Eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee E e Rolls-Royce proprietary information Rolls-Royce Carbon-Titanium Fan, CTi Fan • Composite/Ti fan blade for next generation large engine Rolls-Royce UltraFan • With further increasing bypass ratios, a geared LP-system offers benefits • Current nacelle designs with TRU could be replaced by variable pitch composite fan (VP fan) and variable area nozzle (VAN) Technology Demonstrators 35 36 Potential “Game Changers” Open rotor Integrated electrical Engine – Airframe Optimisation systems Advanced Cycles Pressure Gain Adaptive cycles ICR Combustion Turboelectric Hybrid Propulsion (NASA Concept) 37 • Seperate power- and thrust generation • Blended wing body with maximum L/D ratio • Electrcally driven fans with wing boundary layer suction • Gas turbine in wing tips generates electrical power Source: Paper ISABE 2011-1340 Rolls-Royce proprietary information eConcept (Airbus/Rolls-Royce) 38 Source: Airbus • Blended Wing Body • 1 GT-Engine with Generators • 6 electrically driven eConcept presented by Fans EADS at Aero Salon Paris 2013 • Battery to store electrical energy Rolls-Royce proprietary information Summary 39 Gasturbines still have a lot of potential in aircraft propulsion Rolls-Royce and the aerospace industry carry out a lot of research to fulfil the challenging ACARE targets which will make air travel more sustainable. This overview presented some of the technologies on which RR works currently My personal opinion about future air transport: In 20 years we will still fly, and probably subsonic Gasturbines will largely generate the power for aircraft propulsion We will see more propellers and hybrid systems in use on aircraft Rolls-Royce data .
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