DOCSLIB.ORG

Drug Violence in Mexico

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Drug Violence in Mexico Data and Analysis Through 2012 SPECIAL REPORT By Cory Molzahn, Octavio Rodriguez Ferreira, and David A. Shirk Trans-Border Institute Joan B. Kroc School of Peace Studies University of San Diego February 2013 About the Trans-Border Institute: Founded in 1994, the Trans-Border Institute (TBI) is dedicated to promoting understanding, cooperation, and dialogue between the United States and Mexico. As part of the Joan B. Kroc School of Peace Studies at the University of San Diego, the institute conducts cutting-edge, policy-focused research; promotes public education and debate through distinguished guest speakers, roundtables, conferences, and public commentary on current events; and works directly with policy makers and stakeholders working to improve U.S.-Mexico relations and life along the border. About the Report: This report was prepared for the Trans-Border Institute’s Justice in Mexico Project (www.justiceinmexico.org). Since 2002, this project has been a focal point for research, scholarly interchange, and policy engagement to address the challenges and opportunities for the rule of law in Mexico. The research for this report has been made possible over the last year by the generous support of The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. This report was released on February 6, 2013. This report does not represent the views of the University of San Diego, the Trans-Border Institute, or its sponsoring organizations. Copyright Justice in Mexico Project, 2013. ISBN-10: 978-0-9835674-6-2 ISBN-13: 0983567468 Trans-Border Institute University of San Diego 5998 Alcalá Park, San Diego, CA 92103 www.sandiego.edu/tbi Drug Violence in Mexico Data and Analysis Through 2012 SPECIAL REPORT Cory Molzahn, Octavio Rodríguez, and David A. Shirk Trans-Border Institute Joan B. Kroc School of Peace Studies University of San Diego TRANS-BORDER INSTITUTE TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................... iii LIST OF ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................... iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ 1 I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 3 II. BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................... 3 III. “DRUG VIOLENCE”: DEFINITIONS, DATA, AND METHODOLOGIES ....................................... 6 A. Defining the Problem .............................................................................................................................. 6 B. Data and Methodological Concerns ........................................................................................................ 8 1. Government Data on Homicide ........................................................................................................... 8 2. Organized-Crime-Style Homicides ....................................................................................................... 9 3. Analytical and Methodological Concerns .......................................................................................... 10 IV. FINDINGS: DRUG VIOLENCE IN MEXICO ........................................................................... 11 A. Elevated Overall Levels of Homicide ..................................................................................................... 11 B. Organized-crime-style Homicides Represent a Significant Share of Homicides .................................... 13 B. Recent Shift in the Trajectory of Violence ............................................................................................. 16 C. Shifting Geographic Patterns of Violence .............................................................................................. 20 1. Distribution of Overall Homicides ...................................................................................................... 20 2. Distribution of Organized-Crime-Style Homicides ............................................................................. 22 3. New Local Centers of Violence ........................................................................................................... 26 4. Analysis of Geographic Trends .......................................................................................................... 27 D. Victim Characteristics ............................................................................................................................ 28 1. General Population ............................................................................................................................ 29 2. Mayors ............................................................................................................................................... 29 3. Journalists .......................................................................................................................................... 29 4. Police and Military Personnel ............................................................................................................ 31 III. ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPMENTS IN 2012 ............................................................................. 32 A. Major Arrests and Seizures .................................................................................................................... 33 B. The Proliferation of Organized-Crime Groups ....................................................................................... 37 C. Changing of the Guard: President Enrique Peña Nieto Takes Office ..................................................... 38 IV. CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................. 39 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: National Homicide Rates in Selected Latin American Countries in 2010 (per 100,000 inhabitants) .......... 4 Figure 2: Total Homicides in Selected Neighboring Countries, 1995-2011 ................................................................................. 5 Figure 3: Homicide Rate in Mexico, 1995-2011 ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Figure 4: Homicides in Mexico, 1990 to 2011 ........................................................................................................................................ 12 Figure 5: Comparison of All Homicide and Organized Crime Homicide Tallies, 1990 through 2012 ........................... 15 Figure 6: Reforma Tallies for Weekly Organized-Crime-Style Homicides, 2006-2012 ........................................................ 17 Figure 7: Municipal Level Maps of Deaths By Homicide, 2006 through 2011 ......................................................................... 21 Figure 8: Municipal Level Homicide Maps, January through September 2012 ....................................................................... 22 Figure 9: Reforma Organized-Crime-Style Homicide Map, Jan-Nov 2012 ................................................................................ 23 Figure 10: Milenio Organized-Crime-Style Homicide Map, Jan-Dec 2012 ................................................................................. 23 Figure 11: Justice in Mexico Tally of Journalists and Media-Support Workers Killed in Mexico, 2006-2012 ............ 30 Figure 12: Journalists and Media-Support Workers Killed in Mexico, 2000-2012 ................................................................ 30 Figure 13: Mexican Law Enforcement and Military Personnel Victims of Organized-Crime-Style Killings, January 2008 through November 2012 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 31 Figure 14: Mexican Army and Navy Budgets, 1996-2012 ................................................................................................................ 33 Figure 15: Arrests for Drug-Related Offenses, 1988 through 2011 .............................................................................................. 34 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Comparing Criteria for Classifying Homicides Linked to Drug Trafficking and Organized Crime ............... 11 Table 2: Overall Homicides by Presidential Administration ............................................................................................................ 13 Table 3: Comparison of Homicide and Organized-crime-style Homicide Tallies, 2005 through 2011 ......................... 16 Table 4: Percent Change in Homicides and Organized-Crime-Style Homicides, 2007-2012 ............................................. 17 Table 5: Mass Gravesites (Narcofosas), 2010-2012 ............................................................................................................................ 19 Table 6: Comparing Official State-Level Homicide Data and Independent Tallies of Organized-Crime-Style Homicides, January through November 2012 .......................................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • La Situación De La Violencia Relacionada Con Las Drogas En México Del 2006 Al 2017 : ¿Es Un Conflicto Armado No Internacional

    La Situación De La Violencia Relacionada Con Las Drogas En México Del 2006 Al 2017 : ¿Es Un Conflicto Armado No Internacional

    La situación de la violencia relacionada con las drogas en México del 2006 al 2017 : Titulo ¿es un conflicto armado no internacional? Arriaga Valenzuela, Luis - Prologuista; Guevara Bermúdez, José Antonio - Otra; Autor(es) Campo Esteta, Laura Martín del - Traductor/a; Universiteit Leiden, Grotius Centre for International Legal Studies - Autor/a; Guadalajara Lugar ITESO Editorial/Editor Comisión Mexicana de Defensa y Promoción de los Derechos Humanos 2019 Fecha Colección Tráfico de drogas; Drogas; Violencia; Carteles; México; Temas Libro Tipo de documento "http://biblioteca.clacso.org/Mexico/cip-iteso/20200713020717/03.pdf" URL Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Sin Derivadas CC BY-NC-ND Licencia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/deed.es Segui buscando en la Red de Bibliotecas Virtuales de CLACSO http://biblioteca.clacso.org Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (CLACSO) Conselho Latino-americano de Ciências Sociais (CLACSO) Latin American Council of Social Sciences (CLACSO) www.clacso.org La situación de la violencia relacionada con las drogas en México del 2006 al 2017: ¿es un conflicto armado no Internacional? La situación de la violencia relacionada con las drogas en México del 2006 al 2017: ¿es un conflicto armado no Internacional? COMISIÓN MEXIcaNA DE DEFENSA Y PROMOCIÓN DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS, A.C. CONSEJO DIRECTIVO COORDINacIÓN DE INCIDENCIA Ximena Andión Ibáñez Olga Guzmán Vergara Presidenta Coordinadora Alejandro Anaya Muñoz Jürgen Moritz Beatriz Solís Leere María Corina Muskus Toro Jacobo Dayán José Luis Caballero
  • Responses to Information Requests Responses to Information Requests

    Responses to Information Requests Responses to Information Requests

    Home Country of Origin Information Responses to Information Requests Responses to Information Requests Responses to Information Requests (RIR) are research reports on country conditions. They are requested by IRB decision makers. The database contains a seven-year archive of English and French RIR. Earlier RIR may be found on the European Country of Origin Information Network website. Please note that some RIR have attachments which are not electronically accessible here. To obtain a copy of an attachment, please e-mail us. Related Links • Advanced search help 15 August 2019 MEX106302.E Mexico: Drug cartels, including Los Zetas, the Gulf Cartel (Cartel del Golfo), La Familia Michoacana, and the Beltrán Leyva Organization (BLO); activities and areas of operation; ability to track individuals within Mexico (2017-August 2019) Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada 1. Overview InSight Crime, a foundation that studies organized crime in Latin America and the Caribbean (Insight Crime n.d.), indicates that Mexico’s larger drug cartels have become fragmented or "splintered" and have been replaced by "smaller, more volatile criminal groups that have taken up other violent activities" (InSight Crime 16 Jan. 2019). According to sources, Mexican law enforcement efforts to remove the leadership of criminal organizations has led to the emergence of new "smaller and often more violent" (BBC 27 Mar. 2018) criminal groups (Justice in Mexico 19 Mar. 2018, 25; BBC 27 Mar. 2018) or "fractur[ing]" and "significant instability" among the organizations (US 3 July 2018, 2). InSight Crime explains that these groups do not have "clear power structures," that alliances can change "quickly," and that they are difficult to track (InSight Crime 16 Jan.
  • Secretaria De Seguridad Public

    Secretaria De Seguridad Public

    ÍNDICE PRESENTACIÓN ................................................................................................................................................................5 INTRODUCCIÓN ...............................................................................................................................................................7 I. ACCIONES Y RESULTADOS .......................................................................................................................................9 1. ALINEAR LAS CAPACIDADES DEL ESTADO MEXICANO CONTRA LA DELINCUENCIA ..................... 11 1.1 REFORMAS AL MARCO LEGAL .............................................................................................................. 11 1.2 COOPERACIÓN ENTRE INSTITUCIONES POLICIALES ..................................................................... 13 1.3 DESARROLLO POLICIAL ........................................................................................................................... 14 1.4 INFRAESTRUCTURA Y EQUIPAMIENTO POLICIAL .......................................................................... 20 1.5 INTELIGENCIA Y OPERACIÓN POLICIAL ............................................................................................. 21 1.6 COOPERACIÓN INTERNACIONAL ......................................................................................................... 36 1.7 SERVICIO DE PROTECCIÓN FEDERAL ................................................................................................. 39 2.
  • Universidad Nacional Autónoma De México T E S I S

    Universidad Nacional Autónoma De México T E S I S

    UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y SOCIALES APROXIMACIÓN AL ESTUDIO DEL PODER INFORMAL DE LOS LÍDERES DE LA ORGANIZACIÓN CRIMINAL DEL GOLFO Y SU AFECTACIÓN HACIA LA POBLACIÓN CIVIL A TRAVÉS DE SU INTROMISIÓN EN LAS INSTITUCIONES DE SEGURIDAD PÚBLICA EN REYNOSA, TAMAULIPAS 2008-2012 T E S I S PROFESIONAL PARA OBTENER EL TÍTULO DE: LICENCIADO EN CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y ADMINISTRACIÓN PÚBLICA OPCIÓN CIENCIA POLÍTICA PRESENTA: ALEJANDRA SALAZAR SÁNCHEZ DIRECTOR DE TESIS: DR.. JAVIER ROSAS SÁNCHEZ CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA 2012 UNAM – Dirección General de Bibliotecas Tesis Digitales Restricciones de uso DERECHOS RESERVADOS © PROHIBIDA SU REPRODUCCIÓN TOTAL O PARCIAL Todo el material contenido en esta tesis esta protegido por la Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor (LFDA) de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (México). El uso de imágenes, fragmentos de videos, y demás material que sea objeto de protección de los derechos de autor, será exclusivamente para fines educativos e informativos y deberá citar la fuente donde la obtuvo mencionando el autor o autores. Cualquier uso distinto como el lucro, reproducción, edición o modificación, será perseguido y sancionado por el respectivo titular de los Derechos de Autor. D E D I C A D O A: Dios, por darme la oportunidad de vivir y por estar conmigo en cada paso que doy, por ser mi principal guía en este camino que empiezo a recorrer, por fortalecer mi corazón e iluminar mi mente y por haber puesto en mi camino a todas aquellas personas que me han enseñado tanto. Mi madre Narcisa Sánchez Silva, por darme la vida, quererme mucho, creer en mi y porque siempre me has apoyado y sé que lo seguirás haciendo.
  • The Grotesque Body and the Reconfiguration of Nation in Mexican Historiographic Metafiction

    The Grotesque Body and the Reconfiguration of Nation in Mexican Historiographic Metafiction

    Bodies of Evidence: e Grotesque Body and the Reconfiguration of Nation in Mexican Historiographic Metafiction by Kyle James Matthews B.S.O.F., Indiana University, 2003 A.M., Brown University, 2008 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Hispanic Studies at Brown University Providence, Rhode Island May 2013 © Copyright 2010 – 2013 by Kyle James Matthews is dissertation by Kyle James Matthews is accepted in its present form by the Department of Hispanic Studies as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date____________________ __________________________________ Julio Ortega, Director Recommended to the Graduate Council Date____________________ __________________________________ Aldo Mazzucchelli, Reader Date____________________ __________________________________ Rafael Olea Franco, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date____________________ __________________________________ Peter M. Weber, Dean of the Graduate School iii CURRICULUM VITAE Kyle James Matthews was born in Cheshire, CT in 1981. He graduated with high honors from the Indiana University School of Music with a Bachelor of Science degree in Music and an Outside Field (Spanish) in 2003 after writing a thesis titled “Resonances of Faulkner in La muerte de Artemio Cruz.” He began at Brown University’s Department of His- panic Studies in 2005 and received his Master’s Degree in 2008; the title of his major paper was “El realismo grotesco en Rayuela.” After receiving a competitive dissertation fellowship, Kyle began work on this dissertation in 2009 and completed it in November 2012. Kyle has taught Spanish at Brown University’s Department of Hispanic Studies and the College of the Holy Cross’s Department of Spanish.
  • Report Says Zetas Are Now Dominant Drug Cartel in Mexico Carlos Navarro

    Report Says Zetas Are Now Dominant Drug Cartel in Mexico Carlos Navarro

    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository SourceMex Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) 2-1-2012 Report Says Zetas are now Dominant Drug Cartel in Mexico Carlos Navarro Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/sourcemex Recommended Citation Navarro, Carlos. "Report Says Zetas are now Dominant Drug Cartel in Mexico." (2012). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ sourcemex/5859 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in SourceMex by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LADB Article Id: 78485 ISSN: 1054-8890 Report Says Zetas are now Dominant Drug Cartel in Mexico by Carlos Navarro Category/Department: Drug Trafficking and Organized Crime Published: 2012-02-01 The Zetas, which have gained a reputation as Mexico's most brutal drug cartel, are now considered the country's largest criminal organization. A new report from Texas-based global-intelligence company Strategic Forecasting (Stratfor), which is based on data from the Procuraduría General de la República (PGR), said the Zetas have now established major operations in 17 states, surpassing the Sinaloa cartel in geographic reach. The information on the Zetas was part of a larger report that Stratfor put together on all drug-trafficking organizations operating in Mexico. The Zetas—created by a group of deserters from elite units of the Mexican military forces—were originally the enforcement arm of the Gulf cartel (SourceMex, Oct. 19, 2005, and July 26, 2006)— but broke away to form their own operation (SourceMex, Jan.
  • South Pacific Cartel Author: Guillermo Vazquez Del Mercado Review: Phil Williams

    South Pacific Cartel Author: Guillermo Vazquez Del Mercado Review: Phil Williams

    Organization Attributes Sheet: South Pacific Cartel Author: Guillermo Vazquez del Mercado Review: Phil Williams A. When the organization was formed + brief history The organization is the strongest splinter of what used to be called the Beltran Leyva Organization which was once part of The Federation, but seceded in 2008 after the arrest of Alfredo.1 It is headed by Hector Beltran Leyva (AKA: “El H”) who is the only Beltran Leyva brother who is still performing criminal activities (Arturo AKA: “El Barbas” was killed in December 2009 in operation headed by the Mexican Navy that attempted to arrest him and Alfredo AKA: “El Mochomo” was arrested in January 2008) It gained relevance after the arrests of Sergio Villareal Barragan (AKA: “El Grande”) and Edgar Valdez Villarreal (AKA: “La Barbie”), who were disputing the leadership of the organization after Arturo Beltran was killed. The arrests made it easier for Hector to rebuild the organization without his leadership being challenged and routes being disputed any longer.2 This organization is also known for the reckless violence their hit man groups (teenagers and under age boys) generate in those areas under its control or disputed by other organizations. B. Types of illegal activities engaged in, a. In general The organization’s recent creation makes it difficult to determine precisely what their illicit activities are, but it can be presumed that it is still engaging in the activities familiar to the Beltran Leyva Organization: smuggling cocaine, marijuana and heroin, as well as people trafficking, money laundering, extortion, kidnapping, contract hits and arms trafficking.3 b.
  • Volume 210 Winter 2011 ARTICLES SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME

    Volume 210 Winter 2011 ARTICLES SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME

    Volume 210 Winter 2011 ARTICLES SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME: DAUBERT AND MRE 702’S FAILURE TO EXCLUDE UNRELIABLE SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE AND THE NEED FOR REFORM Major Elizabeth A. Walker A NEW WAR ON AMERICA’S OLD FRONTIER: MEXICO’S DRUG CARTEL INSURGENCY Major Nagesh Chelluri THE TWENTY-SEVENTH GILBERT A. CUNEO LECTURE IN GOVERNMENT CONTRACT LAW Daniel I. Gordon BOOK REVIEWS Department of Army Pamphlet 27-100-210 MILITARY LAW REVIEW Volume 210 Winter 2011 CONTENTS ARTICLES Shaken Baby Syndrome: Daubert and MRE 702’s Failure to Exclude Unreliable Scientific Evidence and the Need for Reform Major Elizabeth A. Walker 1 A New War on America’s Old Frontier: Mexico’s Drug Cartel Insurgency Major Nagesh Chelluri 51 The Twenty-Seventh Gilbert A. Cuneo Lecture in Government Contract Law Daniel I. Gordon 103 BOOK REVIEWS Law in War, War as Law: Brigadier General Joseph Holt and the Judge Advocate General’s Department in the Civil War and Early Reconstruction, 1861–1865 and Lincoln’s Forgotten Ally: Judge Advocate General Joseph Holt of Kentucky Reviewed by Fred L. Borch III 113 The Reluctant Communist: My Desertion, Court-Martial, and Forty- Year Imprisonment in North Korea Reviewed by Major Clay A. Compton 122 On China Reviewed by Lieutenant Commander Todd Kline 130 i Headquarters, Department of the Army, Washington, D.C. Pamphlet No. 27-100-210, Winter 2011 MILITARY LAW REVIEW—VOLUME 210 Since 1958, the Military Law Review has been published at The Judge Advocate General’s School, U.S. Army, Charlottesville, Virginia. The Military Law Review provides a forum for those interested in military law to share the products of their experience and research, and it is designed for use by military attorneys in connection with their official duties.
  • The Battles for Memory Around The

    The Battles for Memory Around The

    ¡VIVXS LXS QUEREMOS! THE BATTLES FOR MEMORY AROUND THE DISAPPEARED IN MEXICO By María De Vecchi Gerli THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Institute of the Americas Faculty of Social & Historical Sciences University College London 2018 ORIGINALITY STATEMENT ‘I, María De Vecchi Gerli, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis.’ Signed: Date: 10 July 2018 2 DEDICATION To my parents, Milagros Gerli and Bruno De Vecchi, for being an endless source of inspiration, love and support To all those looking for their disappeared loved ones, with my utmost admiration 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To my parents Milagros and Bruno. Without their love and support, this thesis would not exist. You are an inspiration. To Mateo, Sarai and Uma, for all the love and happiness they bring. To all the relatives of the disappeared and to the members of human rights organisations who shared their stories with me. More generally, to all those looking for a disappeared loved one and to all those accompanying them in their search for teaching me the most important lessons on love, strength, commitment, and congruence. I want to thank my supervisors, Dr Paulo Drinot and Professor Kevin Middlebrook for their guidance, careful reading and support throughout this project. Thank you both for taking me to the limits and for making this thesis better. Dr Par Engstrom has also been a permanent source of inspiration and support.
  • Gobiernos Locales Bajo Fuego: Reynosa Y El “Semáforo Rojo”

    Gobiernos Locales Bajo Fuego: Reynosa Y El “Semáforo Rojo”

    Gobiernos locales bajo fuego: Reynosa y el “Semáforo Rojo” Local governments under fire: Reynosa and the "Red Traffic Light" María del Socorro Arzaluz Solano1 y Vladimir López Recinos2 Resumen: Es un hecho que la frontera Noreste de México ha experimentado en los últimos años un aumento inusitado en los niveles de violencia, en especial, la ciudad de Reynosa se ha convertido en el escenario de múltiples enfrentamientos. En este contexto, el objetivo de la ponencia es describir y analizar el papel del municipio en el tema de seguridad pública, específicamente, la implementación del “Semáforo de la violencia”. Utilizamos como fuentes de información: estadísticas oficiales, datos hemerográficos, entrevistas con habitantes de la ciudad y análisis de redes sociales que los habitantes utilizan para comunicarse: “Valor por Reynosa” y “Código Rojo” Abstract: It is a fact that the Northeastern border of Mexico has experienced in recent years an unprecedented increase in the levels of violence, especially, the city of Reynosa has become the scene of multiple confrontations. In this context, the purpose of the paper is to describe and analyze the role of the municipality in the issue of public safety, specifically, the implementation of the "Traffic light of violence". We use as sources of information: official statistics, hemerographic data, interviews with people of the city and analysis of social networks: "Valor por Reynosa" and "Código Rojo". Palabras clave: Reynosa; Gobierno local; Tamaulipas; Frontera Norte; Violencia La ciudad de Reynosa en el contexto estatal La ponencia tiene la siguiente estructura: en la primera parte se exponen las características sociodemográficas de Tamaulipas con el fin de dar el contexto de la ciudad de Reynosa, el segundo apartado relata los orígenes y principales acciones del crimen organizado en el estado, que han tenido repercusión en la ciudad de Reynosa.
  • Mexico's Drug Trafficking Organizations

    Mexico's Drug Trafficking Organizations

    Mexico’s Drug Trafficking Organizations: Source and Scope of the Rising Violence June S. Beittel Analyst in Latin American Affairs September 7, 2011 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41576 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Mexico’s Drug Trafficking Organizations: Source and Scope of the Rising Violence Summary The violence generated by Mexico’s drug trafficking organizations (DTOs) in recent years has been unprecedented. In 2006, Mexico’s newly elected President Felipe Calderón launched an aggressive campaign against the DTOs—an initiative that has defined his administration—that has been met with a violent response from the DTOs. Government enforcement efforts have successfully removed some of the key leaders in all of the seven major DTOs, either through arrests or deaths in operations to detain them. However, these efforts have led to succession struggles within the DTOs themselves that generated more violence. According to the Mexican government’s estimate, organized crime-related violence claimed more than 34,500 lives between January 2007 and December 2010. By conservative estimates, there have been an additional 8,000 homicides in 2011 increasing the number of deaths related to organized crime to over 40,000 since President Calderón came to office in late 2006. Although violence has been an inherent feature of the trade in illicit drugs, the character of the drug trafficking-related violence in Mexico has been increasingly brutal. In 2010, several politicians were murdered, including a leading gubernatorial candidate in Tamaulipas and 14 mayors. At least 10 journalists were killed last year and five more were murdered through July 2011.
  • 20 April 2011

    20 April 2011

    20 April 2011 F M S Latin America Military and Security Watch O Foreign Military Studies Table of Contents Office 731 McClellan Ave MEXICO Fort Leavenworth, KS ORGANIZED CRIME AND DRUG TRAFFICKING 66027 The Evolution of Criminal Activity In Morelos – 19 April 2011 Construction Workers Discover Clandestine Grave in Pesquería, Nuevo fmso- Leon – 18 April 2011 [email protected] AEI Agents Locate Three Bodies in Clandestine Graves in Escobedo, 414-795-8802 Nuevo Leon – 17 April 2011 Federal Police Locate Five Clandestine Graves near Santa Catarina, Nuevo Leon – 18 April 2011 Use of these articles does not 28 Bodies Recovered From Clandestine Graves in Ciudad del Maiz, San reflect official endorsement. Luis Potosí – 18 April 2011 Reproduction for private use Hitmen Kill PGR Representative and Two Ministerial Police Officers in or gain is subject to original Villa Juarez, Sinaloa – 18 April 2011 copyright restrictions. Police Commander Murdered in Mazatlan, Sinaloa – 18 April 2011 Confrontation between Soldiers and Gunmen Leaves Three Dead in This report is a compilation of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon – 17 April 2011 extract translations of Mexican Family Kidnapped in Oaxaca and Killed in Tres Valles, Veracruz – 18 open source information and April 2011 not evaluated intelligence. 12 Individuals Murdered on 17 April 2011 in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua – 18 April 2011 The complete articles in Human Remains Recovered from Interior of Suitcase in Guadalajara, Spanish are available from Jalisco – 17 April 2011 FMSO-JRIC. Classification MILITARY level