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Migrants in Need of Protection

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Migrants in Need of Protection A report of the Scalabrini migration study centers The Scalabrini migration study centers consist of the Centro de Estudios Migratorios (CEM) in Brazil, the Centro de Estudios Migratorios Latinoamericanos (CEMLA) in Argentina, the Centre d’Information et d’Études sur les Migrations Internationales (CIEMI) in France, the Center for Migration Studies of New York (CMS) in the United States, the Centro Studi Emigrazione Roma (CSER) in Italy, the Scalabrini Institute for Human Mobility in Africa (SIHMA) in South Africa, the Scalabrini International Migration Network (SIMN) in the United States, and the Scalabrini Migration Center (SMC) in the Philippines. This report was edited by J. Kevin Appleby, Senior Director for International Migration Policy for CMS and SIMN, and by Donald Kerwin, Executive Director of CMS. The editors would like to thank Fr. Leonir Chiarello, c.s., Executive Director of SIMN, for his leadership and support during the process. Published by the Center for Migration Studies of New York (CMS) 307 E 60th St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10022 www.cmsny.org Cover Photo: Alun McDonald/Oxfam, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 “A boy walks home to camp Jamam, South Sudan.” International Migration Policy Report: Responsibility Sharing for Large Movements of Refugees and Migrants in Need of Protection A report of the Scalabrini migration study centers June 2017 Asia | Africa | Europe Latin America | North America International Migration Policy Report June 2017 Table of Contents 1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................1 2 Rohingyas: The People for Whom No One Is Responsible............................................................4 2.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................................4 2.2 Historic Overview............................................................................................................................................................4 2.3 Controversies....................................................................................................................................................................7 2.4 The Different Positions..................................................................................................................................................8 2.5 The 2015 Boat People...................................................................................................................................................9 2.6 The Issues to Be Addressed.......................................................................................................................................10 2.7 Human Security, the Responsibility to Protect and Shared Responsibility......................................................12 2.8 Recommendations.........................................................................................................................................................13 3 South Sudan: A Young Country Divided by Civil War..................................................................................18 3.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................................................18 3.2 History of the Conflict...................................................................................................................................................19 3.3 Overview of Situation with Refugee Population(s) in South Sudan.................................................................20 3.4 Diaspora and Resettlement.........................................................................................................................................21 3.5 Regional and International Responses to the Refugee Crisis............................................................................21 3.5.1 Civil Society, Humanitarian and Development Actors’ Response.........................................................22 3.5.2 Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) and Individual Country Responses...........23 3.6 Recommendations for Action.....................................................................................................................................26 3.7 Conclusion......................................................................................................................................................................28 3.8 Appendix: A Story by a South Sudanese Refugee...............................................................................................29 4 Politics and Responsibility Sharing in Facing the Migration Crisis in Europe.........................35 4.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................................................35 4.2 Defining Terms...............................................................................................................................................................36 4.3 Overview of Situation with Refugees in the EU....................................................................................................37 4.3.1 Problems of Migration Statistics: Limits of Administrative Data on Valuing the Migration Phenomenon....................................................................................................................................40 4.3.2 Face the Facts: Asylum Seekers and Refugees Statistics........................................................................41 4.4 EU Political Responses to the Recent Influx of “Migrants”..................................................................................44 4.4.1 Overview...............................................................................................................................................................45 4.4.2 Analysis.................................................................................................................................................................47 4.4.3 Challenges and Opportunities of Migrants’ Integration: Investing in Cultural Diversity.................................48 4.5 Ethical Reading: Findings for Action.........................................................................................................................50 June 2017 5 The Challenges of Migration Trends and Shared Responsibility in Latin America and the Caribbean ................................................................................................................................56 5.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................................................56 5.2 Summarized Regional Profile.....................................................................................................................................56 5.3 The Decrease in Extra-regional Migration: A Circumstantial Trend?...............................................................62 5.4 Some of the Features of Migrants from the Region in OECD Countries........................................................64 5.5 Overseas Immigration: Some Indications of Its Permanence? ........................................................................66 5.6 Intensification of Intra-regional Exchanges.............................................................................................................70 5.7 Main Challenges of Migration in Latin America and the Caribbean.................................................................73 5.8 Regional Responsibility Sharing to Respond to Challenges of the Latin American and Caribbean Migration.....................................................................................................................................................74 5.9 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................................................77 6 Knocking on the Door: Vulnerable Populations at the US-Mexico Border................................80 6.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................................................80 6.2 The Role of the Scalabrini International Migration Network (SIMN) in the Region.......................................81 6.3 The Forced Migration of Central Americans...........................................................................................................81 6.4 Dangers on the Journey North...................................................................................................................................83 6.5 The US Response to the Central American Migration Flow..............................................................................84 6.5.1 Attempts to Provide Protection.......................................................................................................................86 6.5.2 Policy Recommendations for Central Americans.......................................................................................87 6.6 Cubans Fleeing Their Homeland...............................................................................................................................89
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