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19. Microlepidoptera from Rennell and Bellona Islands

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19. Microlepidoptera from Rennell and Bellona Islands 19. MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM RENNELL AND BELLONA ISLANDS BY J. D. BRADLEY, F.R.E.s. DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY, BRITISH MUSEUM (NAT. HIST.) This paper is based upon material collected by my wife and myself during a visit to the Solomon Islands from September 1953 to January 1954. We were on Rennell Island in October and November, and Bellona Island for two days at the end of November. An account of our expedition and a list of collecting stations appeared earlier in this series (Vol. 1, pp. 43-57). While in the Solomons we also collected on Guadalcanal, Ysabel, Tulagi, the Russell Islands, and on Ontong Java Atoll, and certain of this material is referred to in the present paper when relevant to the fauna of Rennell and Bellona. There are no previous records of Microlepidoptera from Rennell and Bellona, and indeed very few altogether from the Solomon Islands. The present collection consists of about 850 specimens, and just over 660 of these have been studied and determined to species. They contain examples of sixty-seven species, of which twenty- four arc new to science, three of them belonging to new monobasic genera, and four species are represented by new subspecies. For one of the known species, Polvchrosis pedias Meyrick, a new genus is erected. The specimens not studied are mostly in imperfect condition or are inadequate. An examination of this material has, however, shown that it does not include species belonging to families not already represented. Most of the material was collected at light, this being provided by a Bialaddin pressure lantern which was generally used in conjunction with a Robinson light-trap in the manner illustrated (Vol. 1, p. 45, Fig. 1). Very few Microlepidoptera were seen by day. One of the exceptions was the brightly coloured Glyphipterygid Iridostoma ichthyopa diana seen flying actively in sunlight and evidently a day flying insect by habit. Two of the most interesting species taken were also active by day, although perhaps not strictly day fliers, and are the cave-dwelling Tineids Crvpsitlnris sladeni and Tinea godmani, which were found flying in the semi-darkness of caves. The composition of the Rennell and Bellona microlepidopterous fauna follows a pattern similar to that of the fauna of the Samoan Islands, which was studied by M eyrick (1927). The relation of this fauna to others needs to be studied through the genera, and in particular through the infraspecific status of certain of the species. This cannot be satisfactorily accomplished until more is known of the Microlepidop­ tera of the Solomons Group and other island groups of the Western Pacific. The twenty-eight new species and subspecies described below include eighteen species and three subspecies which are at present known only from Rennell and Bel- lona; the other six species and one subspecies have a wider distribution within the Solomons Group, but have not been found elsewhere. Of the thirty-nine identified species only two are apparently restricted to the Solomons. Seven species, including one which is represented in Rennell by a race, have previously been taken only in the Samoan Islands, where they were believed to be endemic. The discovery of these in Rennell demonstrates how incomplete is our present knowledge of the distribution of many of the species of Microlepidoptera occurring in the Pacific islands. Two species are otherwise known only from the New Hebrides; one from the New Hebrides and the Bismarck Archipelago; two from New Britain; one from the Marquesas; and two from Fiji, one of these being represented by a race in the Solomons. Twenty-four species, among them two which are represented by races in Rennell, are found in Papuan, Australian and extra-Pacific regions, and some are also widely distributed in the Pacific islands. A number of these species have almost certainly been spread by man, but the subspeciation evident in the Rennell examples of two seems to indicate long-standing isolation in their case at least. The two species referred to are Trisso- doris honorariella and Iridostoma ichthyopa. The former is associated with the screw pine (Pandanus), and the latter with the coconut (Cocos nucifera). In the following descriptions the colour terms used are mostly taken from Ridc- WAY, “Color Standards & Color Nomenclature” . The types and paratypes of the new species described are in the British Museum (Natural History). The photomicrographs of the male and female genitalia illustrated in Figs. 30-69 were taken by Mr. M. G . Sawyers of the British Museum. Other photographs are by the author as, also, are the line illustrations which were made with the aid of a projection apparatus. The magnifications used for the photographs of the wings in Figs. 1-29 have not been given as they vary considerably and only part of the insect is shown. Reference should therefore be made to the measurements of the wing ex­ panse for each species which are given at the beginning of the description. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would again like to express our gratitude to all who helped make the expedition fwssible, and especially for the grants received from the Percy Sladen Memorial Fund, the Godman Fund and the British Museum (Natural History). During the study of this collection part of the Olethreutinae material was exam­ ined by Dr. A. D iakonoff of the Leiden Museum, to whom I am indebted for the determination of Bactra coronata Diakonoff and Polychrosis pedias Meyrick. TORTRICIDAE TORTRICINAE 1. Adoxophyes templana (Pagenstecher) Tortrix templana Pagenstecher, 1900, Zoologica, 29: 225. Hutuna, x. and xi., 27 ex.; Onegaguga, 28. x. and 26. xi., 2<J; Tingoa, 9-11. xi., 1(J; Matahenua, 29. xi., 1 ?; at light. Distribution: N. Australia, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Is. 2. Adoxophyes iotemui Meyrick Adoxophyes ioterma Meyrick, 1910, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., 35: 205. Hutuna, x. and xi., 16 ex.; Tingoa, 9-11. xi., 2 ex.; Matahenua, 29. xi., 1 ex.; at light. Distribution: Queensland and New Guinea. OLETHREUTINAE 3. AUohemieiiias diffusa sp. n. (Figs. 1, 30) S 10 mm. Labial palpus light buff, terminal segment with a small sclerotized protu­ berance above at apex (probably normally hidden by scales). Head light buff strongly clouded with mouse gray. Antenna grayish light buff, scape light buff. Thorax and tegula fuscous. Fore wing badly rubbed in the type and markings partly obliterated; general coloration grayish fuscous, costa marked with rather indistinct white stri- gulae, an admixture of fuscous in discal area; cilia missing. Hind wing and cilia fuscous. Legs light buff suffused with fuscous, hind tarsus with fuscous-black annuli. Male genitalia: Fig. 30. The shape of the valva is similar to that of the Papuan species tenuitexla Diakonoff, to which diffusa is evidently most nearly related. There are considerable differences in the number and arrangement of the setae and margi­ nal teeth on the valvae of the two species. In diffusa there is a dense cluster of about 8 or 9 heavy setae present in the inner ventro-lateral margin of the neck of thecuculliis which are absent in tenuitexta ; and in tenuitexla only three marginal teeth are present on the cucullus, while in diffusa there is a single row of teeth in the distal margin evenly spaced and extending from near the apex to the inner angle, and a second more compact row grouped irregularly in a more or less straight line from the inner angle directed obliquely inward and extending nearly to the neck of the cucullus. Typci^: Rennell I., Kasipa Hill, c. 300 ft., 29. x. 1953, at light. Genitalia slide B.M. 3701. 4. Spilonota indentata sp. n. (Figs. 2, 31-34) (J? 11 mm. Labial palpus with first and second segments cream-buff, suffused or over­ laid beneath and exteriorly with dark fuscous except apex of second segment, which is narrowly ringed with cartridge buff, terminal segment cartridge buff sometimes with a weak fuscous suffusion. Crown of head vinaceous-buff, front of head (below antenna) tilleul-buff. Antenna tilleul-buff with fuscous annuli, scape tilleul-buff. Tho­ rax and tegula mummy brown strongly suffused with vinaceous-buff. Fore wing with termen indented below apex; ground colour mummy brown, a strong suffusion of pale vinaceous-fawn in basal third, costa marked from apex to middle with short white strigulae, followed by pale vinaceous-fawn strigulae to base, broadly tinged with ochraceous-bufT at base, white postmedial fascia narrow on costa broadening and extending to tornus on inner margin (dorsum), anterior margin gently incurved, broadly edged outwardly in dark mummy brown, narrowly edged inwardly with whitish, posterior margin edged by a strong dark mummy brown line notched out­ wards at middle, central part of fascia suffused with pale vinaceous-fawn sometimes replaced by ochraceous-bufT towards inner margin, distal part of fascia strongly over­ laid or mixed with mummy brown, area beyond fascia except apex suffused and ir- rorate with pale vinaceous-fawn mixed with ochraceous-buff especially along margin of fascia, apex mummy brown finely irrorate with pale vinaceous-fawn, four or five subterminal blackish specks outwardly oblique one above the other opposite the indentation below apex; cilia grayish pale vinaceous-fawn. Hind wing and cilia grayish, a deep fold along inner margin in male containing a dense hair-pencil. Ab­ domen fuscous above, white below. Legs cartridge buff, fore and middle legs suffused with ochraceous-buff, hind tibia grayish above and exteriorly, hind tarsus suffused with ochraceous-buff. Male genitalia; Fig. 31. Aedoeagus with a dense sheaf of comuti (not defined in figure) and a solitary thorn-like seta at apex projecting ventrad. Female genitalia: Figs. 32-34. Type^: Rennell I., Tingoa, 9-11. xi. 1953, at light.
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