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Appendices Appendix I APPENDICES APPENDIX I BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES The following 48 biographical sketches make up a section of the prosopographic material on which parts of this work are based. They are intended to illustrate the social field from which the political group of Constitutionalists was recruited. As a rule the data are extracted from the following works of refer­ ence and encyclopaedias: Brokgauz-Efron; NES; Granat; Bol'shaya Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya, 1st and 2nd editions; SIE; Boiovich, Chleny Gosudarstvennoj Dumy, 4 vols; Ukazatel' k Stenograjicheskim Otchetam Gosudarstvennoj Dumy, Tretij Sozyv; Chetvertyj sozyv (1908, 1913); RV Sbornik, Appendix. Supplementary material was provided by the memoirs of contemporaries as well as by the indices to Lenin, PSS; Padenie Tsarskogo Rezhima, Vol. 7 (1927); Vitte, Vospominaniya, Vol. 3; Gurko, Features and Figures of the Past. Specialized literature consulted on specific individuals is noted at the end of the relevant sketch. Of the most prominent leaders of the constitutionalist movement, Milyukov and Struve have not been included here since the most im­ portant biographical data occur in the text and more detailed infor­ mation is easily accessible in the works of Th. Riha and R. Pipes. ANNENSKIJ, Nikolaj Fedorovich (1843-1912) Educated in the Cadet Corps. Graduated from St. Petersburg (Department of law) and Kiev (Department of History and Philosophy) Universities. 1867-1880 civil servant under the State Comptroller and in the Ministry of Transportation. Head of the statistical office in the Kazan' (1883) and Nizhnij Nov-gorod (1887) zem­ stvos and of the Petersburg city administration (1896). Full-time editor of Russ­ koe Bogatstvo from 1900. - Active in the populist movement from the 1870s. Banished in 1880 due to participation in the People's Will Party. Centre of the provincial in telligen tsia in Nizhnij Novgorod along with V .G. K orolenko; promoter of the provincial press; one of the most important zemstvo statisticians. 1893- 256 APPENDIX I 1894 member of the People's Rights Party; member of the Russkoe Bogatstvo group around Mikhajlovskij from 1894. Active in the interests of the Literary Fund and in the Writers Union, honorary member of the Free Economic Society. Exiled to Finland following the Kazan Square demonstration (4th March 1901). Co-founder of Osvobozhdenie; informally head of the 'culinary committee' of the Petersburg literati (from 1902). From January 1904 vice chairman of the Council of the Union of Liberation. Member of the delegation which, on the eve of 9th January 1905, wanted to deter the Minister of the Interior from violent repression of the planned demonstration; arrested as a result of few days later in the Peter Paul Fortress. In Summer 1906 he was among the founders of the People's Socialist Party. Then retired from public life due to ill health. Literature: M. Gor'kij, 'Annenskij' inSobranie Sochinenij, Vol. 17, pp. 92-96; A. Annenskaya, 'Iz proshlykh let', Russkoe Bogatstvo, 1913 No. 1-2. ARSEN'EV, Konstantin Konstantinovich (1837-1919) Grandson of a village priest; son of the renowned historian and geographer Professor Konstantin I. Arsen'ev (1789-1865). - Studied at the Imperial Law School in St. Petersburg; 1864-1865 studied philosophy, history and economy in Bonn, Germany. Began career as a civil servant in the Ministry of Justice until 1863. From 1866 lawyer in St. Petersburg. In legalservice again from 1874-1882 (Senate Court of Cassa tion). Freelance journalist from 1882; wrote mainly in the liberal periodical Vestnik Evropy; editor-in-chief from 1909. - Journalistic work from 1858. Active in the Literary Fund from 1863, member of the Juridical So­ ciety at the University of St. Petersburg, 1900-1903 Vice President of the Free Economic Society, member of the Academy of Sciences from 1900. Maintained a famous literary-political salon in St. Petersburg. Held numerous public offices, zemstvo deputy in St. Petersburg, 1904-1906 deputy on the St. Petersburg Mu­ nicipal Duma. Took part in the zemstvo congresses in 1904-1905. Co-founder in 1906 of the Party of Democratic Reform. BELOKONSKIJ, Ivan Petrovich (I85 5-1931) Born into a noble family in Chernigov; father was a physician. - Educated at the gymnasium in Chernigov; later went to lectures in Kiev and Odessa Universities but did not graduate. Began his career on the strength of his convictions as a Volksschule teacher (Kiev and Podolia Provinces). Zemstvo statistician from 1886 in Orel, then in Kursk. 1899-1901 Secretary of the Khar'kov zemstvo. From 1901 freelance journalist and editor of various provincial newspapers. - Took part in the populist movement during his schooldays. From 1875 on the staff of numerous metropolitan and provincial journals and newspapers. Arrested in 1879 on account of populist propaganda and banished to Siberia until 1886. Continued his journalistic work there. In zemstvo service after his return. Mem­ ber of the Literary Fund, the Writers Union, the Free Economic Society, the Juridical Societies in Moscow, Khar'kov, etc. Was one of the 'friends' of Osvo­ bozhdenie from the beginning; member of the Union of Liberation; joined the Cadet Party in 1905. Wrote a history of the zemstvo movement. ·BOGUCHARSKIJ (= Yakovlev), Vasilij Yakovlevich (1861-1915) Born in Boguchar, Voronezh Province; son of a civil servant. - Gymnasium in Voronezh, military training. Cossack officer 1880-1884. Journalist from 1890. - 1880-1883 participant in a populist circle in the army; arrested for this reason in 1884, cashiered from the army and exiled to Siberia. Under constant police BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 257 surveillance after his return in 1890. Connections with many revolutionary and oppositional circles, atfirst in Voronezh, then in Moscow, from 1897 in St. Peters­ burg. 1893-1894 active in the People's Rights Party. Tum to marxism from 1895; won Struve's friendship. On the staff. of various legal marxist journals. From 1900 diverse works on the history of the revolutionary movement in the 19th century. One of the leaders of the Petersburg Writers Union. In 1901-1902 organizer of the first groups of 'friends' of Osvobozhdenie. Took part in the Schaffhausen Conference in 1903. Member of the Union of Liberation Council from January 1904. At the end of 1905 together with Prokopovich and E. Kus­ kova in the 'Bez zaglaviya. levee KD' group. Was abroad from 1909-1913. 1914-1915 Secretary of the Free Economic Society. Literature: V. Kranikhfeld. 'V. Va. Yakov1ev-Bogucharskij', Byloe, 1917 No.1 and 2; E. Kuskova, 'Pamyati zhivoj dushi', Golos Minuvshago, 1915 No. 7-8. BULGAKOV, Sergej Nikolaevich (1871-1944) Born in Livnyj (Ore1 Province); son of a priest. - Did not complete ecclesiastical seminary, moved to the classical gymnasium in Elets (Orel Province). Graduated from the Department of Law at the University of Moscow (1894); masters degree in political economy (1897), followed by studies abroad. 1894-1897 reader of economy in Moscow, 1901 professor at the Poly technical Institute in Kiev, 1906 lecturer at the University of Moscow. In 1918 he became a priest; professor at the Russian Theological Institute in emigration in Paris from 1922-1944. - Bulgakov became an atheist during the ecclesiastical seminary; found his way to marxism and joined the marxism-populism dispute with his masters dissertation and pub­ lic lectures. Friend of P. Struve, worked for legal marxist journals. Together with Struve, turned to neo-Kantianism, then under the influence of V. Solov' ev devel­ oped towards a religious mysticism. Took part in the Schaffhausen Conference in 1903; author of the first programmatic article on the agrarian question in Osvobozhdenie. Member of the Union of Liberation Council from 1904. Member of the Cadet Party from the end of 1905, member of the Second Duma. Involved with the anthology 'Vekhi' in 1909. Literature: Kinders1ey, The First Russian Revisionists (1962). BUNAKOV,·Nikolaj Fedqrovich (1837-1904) Completed his education at the gymnasium in Vologda in 1851. Volksschule teacher in Vologda Province; worked at the same time on statistical projects. Went to St. Petersburg in the 1860s and sat the gymnasium teacher examinations. Teacher at the Voronezh gymnasium in 1866; founded a private Volksschule in 1867. In 1879 he left this service and settled ina village near Voronezh to devote himself to education among the peasants. - Worked for a long time on a union of teachers in Russia. From 1873-1901 director of summer refresher courses for teachers in various provinces. Author of authoritative works on educationalreform. Zemstvo deputy in Voronezh for many years. In 1902 spoke in the Voronezh Committee of the Special Conference on the Needs of Agriculture in favour of participation 'by the country' in national administration. For this he was banished, like the zemstvo doctor Martynov. He died in 1904 in exile. VON DEHN, Vladimir Eduardovich (1867-7) Born in St. Petersburg of a noble Baltic family. - Gymnasium in St. Petersburg and Moscow (1885); graduated from the Department of Law at Moscow Univer­ sity (1890); studied in Germany 1891-1893. Masters degree 1894. Thereafter 258 APPENDIX I civil servant in the Ministry of Finance. Teacher at the Moscow School of Com­ merce in 1896, lecturer at Moscow University 1898, professor of economic geography at the St. Petersburg Poly technical Institute in 1902. - Possibly belonged to the Petrunkevich circle in Moscow; took part in 1902 in the pro­ gramme discussions for Osvobozhdenie; May 1903 member of the Finland Committee; member of the Union of Liberation, co-opted to the Union Council in January 1904. DoLGORUKOV, Pavel Dmitrievich, Prince (1866-1927) Twin brother of Peter D., descendant of Rurik. Father was an officer, mother a born Countess Orlova-Davydova, daughter of one of the biggest landowners in the Empire. His older brother Nikolaj, who died young, was a student friend of P.N. Milyukov. - Educated at the Fiedler Realschule in Moscow; studied the natural sciences at Moscow University (1889). 1889-1890 civil servant in the chancellery of the State Council.
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