DOCSLIB.ORG

(12) United States Patent Retre 3O4

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(12) United States Patent Retre 3O4 USOO8964818B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,964,818 B2 Longo et al. (45) Date of Patent: Feb. 24, 2015 (54) USE OF MULTI-LEVEL MODULATION 375/300; 375/316; 375/320; 375/346 SIGNALING FOR SHORT REACH DATA (58) Field of Classification Search COMMUNICATIONS USPC ......... 375/219, 233, 340, 232, 242, 268, 286, 375/288, 295,300, 316, 320, 346 (71) Applicants: Lorenzo Longo, Laguna Beach, CA See application file for complete search history. (US); Vivek Telang, Austin, TX (US) (56) References Cited (72) Inventors: Lorenzo Longo, Laguna Beach, CA (US); Vivek Telang, Austin, TX (US) U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 7,376,199 B1* 5/2008 Nix ............................... 375,295 (73) Assignee: Broadcom Corporation, Irvine, CA 2003/01940 16 A1* 10, 2003 Gorecki et al. ... 375,268 (US) 2008, OO69570 A1* 3, 2008 DalleSasse ..... ... 398,139 2008/0101510 A1* 5/2008 Agazzi ....... 375,346 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 2013/0027088 A1 1/2013 Francese ......................... 327/74 2013/0077669 A1* 3/2013 Malipatilet al. ... ... 375,233 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 2013/0114665 A1 5/2013 Aziz et al. .......... ... 375,233 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 2013/0163126 A1* 6/2013 Dong .............................. 361.56 2013/0287088 A1* 10/2013 Mobin et al. .................. 375,233 (21) Appl. No.: 13/739,782 * cited by examiner (22) Filed: Jan. 11, 2013 Primary Examiner — Siu Lee (65) Prior Publication Data (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Garlick & Markison; Randy W. Lacasse US 2014/O15362O A1 Jun. 5, 2014 (57) ABSTRACT Related U.S. Application Data A short reach communication system includes a plurality of communication SERDES that communicate data over a short (60) Provisional application No. 61/732,077, filed on Nov. reach channel medium such as a backplane connection (e.g., 30, 2012. PCB trace) between, for example, chips located on a common (51) Int. C. PCB. A multi-level modulated data signal is generated to H04B I/38 (2006.01) transmit/receive data over the short reach channel medium. H04L 25/219 (2006.01) Multi-level modulated data signals, such as four-level PAM, (52) U.S. C. reduce the data signal rate therefore reducing insertion loss, CPC .................................. H04L 25/4917 (2013.01) power, complexity of the circuits and required chip real USPC ........... 375/219; 375/233; 375/340; 375/232; estate. 375/242; 375/268; 3.75/286; 375/288; 3.75/295; 18 Claims, 9 Drawing Sheets 31 RANSTER Tx 303 We 3OO retre 3O4. 1 RECEIVER U.S. Patent Feb. 24, 2015 Sheet 1 of 9 US 8,964,818 B2 1 O. G. pc RACE SR Claire U.S. Patent Feb. 24, 2015 Sheet 2 of 9 US 8,964,818 B2 SEREES 201 (CB RACE SR Care U.S. Patent Feb. 24, 2015 Sheet 3 of 9 US 8,964,818 B2 301 TRANSMITTER 3OO RECEIVER VING RECOVERY Clock CDR Out 308 GDI-SLICER reFEC 9t 3O7 31 O DFE 309 U.S. Patent Feb. 24, 2015 Sheet 4 of 9 US 8,964,818 B2 U.S. Patent Feb. 24, 2015 Sheet 5 Of 9 US 8,964,818 B2 2in FR4, connector 14.8 dBg4GHz INSERTION LOSS SEEN BY CONVENTIONA 2-LEVE. : NR2 SERIES : F. 3 U.S. Patent Feb. 24, 2015 Sheet 6 of 9 US 8,964,818 B2 80 RANSER SOO Data 603 Pre-Emph - Driver 804. Channe K 805 RECEIVER 8. RECOWERY N sLICER 67 U.S. Patent Feb. 24, 2015 Sheet 7 Of 9 US 8,964,818 B2 FG. U.S. Patent Feb. 24, 2015 Sheet 8 of 9 US 8,964,818 B2 2in FR4, connector 3:::::::::::::::::: ................::::::::::::8:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::...: 8.4 dB(3.7GHz insertion loss Seen by : 4- level PAM-4 SERDES FG, 8 U.S. Patent Feb. 24, 2015 Sheet 9 Of 9 US 8,964,818 B2 power (typ.) | power (max) | Area US 8,964,818 B2 1. 2 USE OF MULTI-LEVEL MODULATION 3. IEEE Std 802.3baTM, “IEEE Standard for Information SIGNALING FOR SHORT REACH DATA technology IEEE 802.3ba defines a 40 Gbit/s and 100 COMMUNICATIONS Gbit/s Ethernet. 40 Gbit/s over 1 m backplane, 10 m Cu cable assembly (4x25 Gbit or 10x10 Gbit lanes) and 100m of MMF CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED and 100 Gbit/s up to 10 m of Cu cable assembly, 100 m of APPLICATIONS MMF or 40 km of SMF respectively. 4. IEEE Std 802.3bmTM, “IEEE Standard for Information The present U.S. Utility Patent Application claims priority technology—IEEE Standard for Information technology— pursuant to 35 U.S.C. S 119(e) to the following U.S. Provi Telecommunications and information exchange between sys sional Patent Application which is hereby incorporated herein 10 tems—Local and metropolitan area networks—Specific by reference in its entirety and made part of the present U.S. requirements Part 3: Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Col lision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Method and Physical Utility Patent Application for all purposes: Layer Specifications Amendment: Physical Layer Specifica 1. U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/732,077 tions and Management Parameters for 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s entitled “Use of Multi-Level Modulation Signaling for Short 15 Operation Over Fiber Optic Cables. Reach Data Communications, filed Nov.30, 2012. Currently, wireline and wireless communications occur within licensed or unlicensed frequency spectrums. For BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION example, wireline systems, such as those using fiber optics as a transfer medium, operate in the GHZ frequency spectrum 1.Technical Field of the Invention (e.g., 25 GHz-100 GHz). This invention relates generally to communications and Channel loss at high data speeds (e.g., Gigabit/sec (Gb/sec) more particularly to circuits used to Support short reach com range, plus) may be influenced by decisions made around munications. power and chip area costs. One area for consideration, input/ 2. Description of Related Art output (I/O), uses high speed SERDES circuitry. A serializer/ Communication systems are known to Support wireline 25 deserializer (SERDES) converts data between serial data and and wireless communications between various devices. Such parallel interfaces in each direction. The term “SERDES' communication systems include, for example, backplane, generically refers to interfaces used in various technologies chip-to-chip, copper wire (e.g., trace), fiber optic communi and applications. The basic SERDES function is made up of cations, national and/or international cellular telephone sys two functional blocks: a Parallel In, Serial Out (PISO) block tems, satellite, cable television, the Internet, point-to-point 30 (aka Parallel-to-Serial converter) and a Serial In, Parallel Out in-home wireless networks and radio frequency identification (SIPO) block (aka Serial-to-Parallel converter). (RFID) systems. Each type of communication system is con The PISO (Parallel Input, Serial Output) block typically structed, and hence operates, in accordance with one or more has a parallel clock input, a set of data input lines, and input communication standards. For instance, short reach commu data latches. It may use an internal or external Phase-locked nication systems may operate in accordance with one or more 35 loop (PLL) to multiply the incoming parallel clock up to the standards including, but not limited to, IEEE 802.3 iii. Wire serial frequency. The simplest form of the PISO has a single less communication systems may operate in accordance with shift register that receives the parallel data once per parallel one or more standards including, but not limited to, 3GPP. clock, and shifts it out at the higher serial clock rate. Imple LTE, LTE Advanced, RFID, IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, mentations may also have a double-buffered register. advanced mobile phone services (AMPS), digital AMPS, 40 The SIPO (Serial Input, Parallel Output) block typically global system for mobile communications (GSM), code divi has a receive clock output, a set of data outputlines and output sion multiple access (CDMA), local multi-point distribution data latches. The receive clock may have been recovered from systems (LMDS), multi-channel-multi-point distribution the data by the serial clock recovery technique. However, systems (MMDS), and/or variations thereof. SERDES which do not transmit a clock use reference clock to The following IEEE standards/draft standards are hereby 45 lock the PLL to the correct TX frequency, avoiding low har incorporated herein by reference in their entirety and are monic frequencies present in the data stream. The SIPO block made part of the present U.S. Utility Patent Application for all then divides the incoming clock down to the parallel rate. purposes: Implementations typically have two registers connected as a 1. IEEE Stds 802.3#TM (generically), “IEEE Standard for double buffer. One register is used to clock in the serial Information Technology—IEEE 802.3 is a working group 50 stream, and the other is used to hold the data for the slower, and a collection of IEEE standards produced by the working parallel side. Such serializer encoder and deserializer decoder group defining the physical layer and data link layer's media blocks are generally defined in the Gigabit Ethernet specifi access control (MAC) of wired Ethernet. This is generally a cation. local area network technology with some wide area network Conventional high-speed SERDES I/O use 2-level non applications. Physical connections are made between nodes 55 return-to-Zero (NRZ) signaling. As data rates increase to 25 and/or infrastructure devices (hubs, switches, routers) by Gb/sec and beyond, the power and area costs of these SER various types of copper or fiber cable. 802.3 is a technology DES increase hyper-linearly with the rate.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Telecommunications—Page 1
    Commerce Control List Supplement No. 1 to Part 774 Category 5 - Telecommunications—page 1 CATEGORY 5 – NS applies to 5A001.b NS Column 2 TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND (except .b.5), .c, .d, .f “INFORMATION SECURITY” (except f.3), and .g. Part 1 – TELECOMMUNICATIONS SL applies to 5A001.f.1 A license is required for all destinations, as Notes: specified in §742.13 of the EAR. Accordingly, 1. The control status of “components,” test a column specific to and “production” equipment, and “software” this control does not therefor which are “specially designed” for appear on the telecommunications equipment or systems is Commerce Country determined in Category 5, Part 1. Chart (Supplement No. 1 to Part 738 of the N.B.: For “lasers” “specially designed” for EAR). telecommunications equipment or systems, see ECCN 6A005. Note to SL paragraph: This licensing 2. “Digital computers”, related equipment requirement does not or “software”, when essential for the operation supersede, nor does it and support of telecommunications equipment implement, construe or described in this Category, are regarded as limit the scope of any “specially designed” “components,” provided criminal statute, they are the standard models customarily including, but not supplied by the manufacturer. This includes limited to the Omnibus operation, administration, maintenance, Safe Streets Act of engineering or billing computer systems. 1968, as amended. AT applies to entire AT Column 1 entry A. “END ITEMS,” “EQUIPMENT,” “ACCESSORIES,” “ATTACHMENTS,” Reporting Requirements “PARTS,” “COMPONENTS,” AND “SYSTEMS” See § 743.1 of the EAR for reporting requirements for exports under License Exceptions, and Validated End-User 5A001 Telecommunications systems, authorizations. equipment, “components” and “accessories,” as follows (see List of Items Controlled).
    [Show full text]
  • Shahabi-Adib-Masc-ECE-August
    A New Line Code for a Digital Communication System by Adib Shahabi Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science at Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia August 2019 © Copyright by Adib Shahabi, 2019 To my wife Shahideh ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ v LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... vi ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED ............................................................................... ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... x CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND ........................................................................................... 1 1.2 THESIS SYNOPSIS ...................................................................................... 4 1.3 ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS ............................................................ 5 CHAPTER 2 MODELLING THE LINE CHANNEL ....................................................... 7 2.1 CABLE MODELLING .................................................................................. 7 2.2 TRANSFORMER COUPLING ..................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • LVDS Application and Data Handbook
    LVDS Application and Data Handbook High-Performance Linear Products Technical Staff Literature Number: SLLD009 November 2002 Printed on Recycled Paper IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, modifications, enhancements, improvements, and other changes to its products and services at any time and to discontinue any product or service without notice. Customers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. All products are sold subject to TI’s terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment. TI warrants performance of its hardware products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI’s standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are used to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty. Except where mandated by government requirements, testing of all parameters of each product is not necessarily performed. TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design. Customers are responsible for their products and applications using TI components. To minimize the risks associated with customer products and applications, customers should provide adequate design and operating safeguards. TI does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any TI patent right, copyright, mask work right, or other TI intellectual property right relating to any combination, machine, or process in which TI products or services are used. Information published by TI regarding third–party products or services does not constitute a license from TI to use such products or services or a warranty or endorsement thereof.
    [Show full text]
  • HP Probook 440 G6 Notebook PC Quickspecs
    HP ProBook 440 G6 Notebook PC QuickSpecs Overview HP ProBook 440 G6 Notebook PC Left 1. Internal Microphones (2) 6. SD Card Reader 2. Webcam 7. Thermal Vent 3. Webcam LED 8. USB 2.0 Port 4. Clickpad 9. Standard Security Lock Slot (Lock sold separately) 5. Hard Drive LED 10. Power Button Not all configuration components are available in all regions/countries. c06142920 — DA 16311 - Worldwide — Version 19 — April 22, 2020 Page 1 HP ProBook 440 G6 Notebook PC QuickSpecs Overview Right 1. Power Connector 5. USB 3.1 Gen 1 Port 2. USB Type-C™ 3.1 Gen 1 Port 6. USB 3.1 Gen 1 Port 3. Ethernet Port (RJ-45) 7. Headphone/Microphone Combo Jack 4. HDMI Port (Cable not included) 8. HP Fingerprint Sensor (select models) Not all configuration components are available in all regions/countries. c06142920 — DA 16311 - Worldwide — Version 19 — April 22, 2020 Page 2 HP ProBook 440 G6 Notebook PC QuickSpecs Overview At a Glance • Preinstall with Windows 10 versions or FreeDOS 3.0 • Choice of 8th Generation Intel® Core™ i7, i5, i3 processors • Display include your choice of 35.56 cm (14.0") diagonal HD, Ultra Wide Viewing Angle FHD, Touch or Non-Touch • Optional Nvidia GeForce MX250 and MX130 with 2 GB GDDR5 dedicated video memory or integrated Intel® HD Graphics 610 or Intel® UHD 620 • Enhanced security features including TPM2.0, HP BIOSphere, Hardware enforced Firmware Protection, HP Fingerprint Sensor3 (select models) and optional IR camera • Passed 19 items of MIL-STD 810G testing plus an additional 120,000 hours of reliability testing through HP's Total
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Analysis Between NRZ and RZ Coding of WDM System
    ISSN (Online) 2278-1021 IJARCCE ISSN (Print) 2319 5940 International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering Vol. 5, Issue 6, June 2016 Comparative Analysis between NRZ and RZ Coding of WDM System Supinder Kaur1, Simarpreet Kaur2 M.Tech Student, ECE Department, Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Engineering College, Fatehgarh Sahib, India1 Assistant Professor, ECE Department, Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Engineering College, Fatehgarh Sahib, India2 Abstract: An ameliorated performance of optical wireless transmission system is obtained from wireless system which deploys the lengthy fibers. Inter-satellite links are necessary between satellites in orbits around the earth for data transmission and also for orderly data relay from one satellite to other and then to ground stations. Inter-satellite Optical Wireless Communication bestows the use of wireless optical communication using lasers instead of conventional radio and microwave systems. Optical communication using lasers cater many benefits over conventional radio frequency systems. The utmost complication existing in this wireless optical communication for inter-satellite links is the affects of satellite vibration, which leads to severe pointing errors that degrade the performance. Performance of this system also depends on numerous parameters such as transmitted power, data rate and antenna aperture which are analyzed using Opti-System simulation software. The main objective of this is to introduce WDM in existing ISOWC system to improve the system capability, to implement Model with different coding NRZ and RZ, to propose a new approach for increasing system capability for multi users and also analysis the Performance parameters like BER, Q-factor of optical systems. Keywords: BER, FSO, Inter Satellite Link (ISL), IsOWC, Q-factor, Return-to-zero(RZ), Non Return-to-zero(NRZ).
    [Show full text]
  • MODULE III SIGNAL ENCODING TECHNIQUES WS 148 for Digital
    MODULE III SIGNAL ENCODING TECHNIQUES WS 148 For digital signaling, a data source g(t), which may be either digital or analog, is encoded into a digital signal x(t).The actual form of x(t) depends on the encoding technique and is chosen to optimize use of the transmission medium. The basis for analog signaling is a continuous constant-frequency signal known as the carrier signal. Modulation is the process of encoding source data onto a carrier signal with frequency All modulation techniques involve operation on one or more of the three fundamental frequency domain parameters: amplitude, frequency, and phase. The input signal m(t) may be analog or digital and is called the modulating signal or baseband signal. The result of modulating the carrier signal is called the modulated signal s(t). It is a bandlimited (bandpass) signal. The location of the bandwidth on the spectrum is related to fc and is often centered on fc. Both analog and digital information can be encoded as either analog or digital signals. 1. Digital data, Digital signal 2. Digital data, Analog signal 3. Analog data, Digital signal 4. Analog data, Analog signal DIGITAL DATA, DIGITAL SIGNAL The simplest form of digital encoding of digital data is to assign one voltage level to binary one and another to binary zero. A digital signal is a sequence of discrete, discontinuous voltage pulses. Each pulse is a signal element. Binary data are transmitted by encoding each data bit into signal elements. Binary 1 is represented by a lower voltage level and binary 0 by a higher voltage level.
    [Show full text]
  • Implementation of Transmitter and Receiver of V.34 High Speed Modem in Half Duplex Mode
    ISSN: 2278 – 909X International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE) Volume 5, Issue 9, September 2016 Implementation of Transmitter and Receiver of v.34 High Speed Modem in Half Duplex Mode. K. Satish Kumar, M.Tech student,P. S. Chakravarthi, M.Tech student,T. Naveen M.Tech Student,P.Satyanarayana, Asst.Proffesor, VRSEC,G.Chakravarthy, Asst.Proffesor, VRSEC. Abstract— Communication plays a vital role in Modems that are being used at present are built development of society. For data communication, around imported processors. The intension behind modem is a key component. Modem is a combination this project is to develop a half-duplex modem of transmitter and receiver. Transmitter transfer the using DSP processor and make communication information to the destination i.e., receiver and receiver will receive it. This paper deals with possible. implementation of ITU-T V.34 communication protocol on the TMS320 DSP Processor. In this modem QAM modulation technique is used for II.MOTIVATION AND BACKGROUND modulation, trellis encoder is used to get the coding gain. The modem implemented in C code and then dumped in the processor, the outputs of the modem The main idea of V.34 recommendation is to shown in results.Here it is an asynchronous digital attain high data signaling rate by using the same subscriber line (ADSL) modem, which is used for old GSTNs. This up gradation in communication is both data and voice communication. due to the advancement in coding techniques. Modem that can transmit data quickly and reliable Index Terms—transmitter, receiver, ADSL modem, over telephone lines is preferred [2].
    [Show full text]
  • Performance Evaluation of Power Spectral Density of Different Line Coding Technique
    National Conference on Recent Trends in Engineering & Technology Performance evaluation of Power Spectral Density of different line coding technique Darshankumar C. Dalwadi1, Bhargav C. Goradiya2, Milendrakumar M. Solanki3, Mehfuza S.Holia4 1Asst. Prof., Electronics & Telecommunication dept., B.V.M. Engineering college, V.V.Nagar, 2Asso. Prof. & Head, Electronics & Telecommunication dept., B.V.M. Engineering College, V.V.Nagar, 3Asst. Prof., Electronics dept., B.V.M. Engineering College, V.V.Nagar, 4Asst. Prof., Electronics dept., B.V.M. Engineering College, V.V.Nagar Abstract—In this paper we have presented an effect of different the actual or implied integral clock cycle. The real question is line coding technique. We have plot power spectral density of that of sampling--the high or low state will be received different line coding technique like non return to zero, return to correctly provided the transmission line has stabilized for that zero and Manchester coding with respect to the different bit when the physical line level is sampled at the receiving frequencies. We have also shown the which line coding technique end. is best compare to all of them. We used the MATLAB in our simulation work. However, it is helpful to see NRZ transitions as happening on the trailing (falling) clock edge in order to compare NRZ- Level to other encoding methods, such as the mentioned I. INTRODUCTION Manchester code, which requires clock edge information (is The basic block diagram of digital communication system the XOR of the clock and NRZ, actually) and to see the involves sampler, quantizer and line coder. The sampler difference between NRZ-Mark and NRZ-Inverted.
    [Show full text]
  • Specification of Engineering Requirements for a Synchronous Digital Multiplexer Operating at 64 Kbit/S Using an 8-Bit (6+2) Envelope Structure
    T/CD 02-01 E oB Page 1 Recommendation T/CD 02-01 E (Ostende 1979, revised at Cannes 1983) Concerning the specification of engineering requirements for a synchronous digital multiplexer operating at 64 kbit/s using an 8-bit (6+2) envelope structure Recommendation proposed by Working Group T/WG 10 “Data Communications” (CD) Text of the revised Recommendation adopted by the “Telecommunications” Commission: “The Conference of European Post and Telecommunications Administrations, Considering — that CCITT Recommendation X.50 describes the standard for a TDM system for synchronous data transmission at 64 kbit/s using an 8-bit (6+ 12) envelope structure; — that GT/CD has studied the harmonization of multiplex equipment for data communication under the auspices of Question CD 1. Recommends — that the attached specification of engineering requirements for a synchronous digital multiplexer operating at m 64 kbit/s using an 8-bit (6 + 12) envelope structure, annexed to this Recommendation should be taken into account by all CEPT Administrations when implementation of such a piece of equipment is being planned by Administra- tions.” Administrations are free to stipulate additional requirements, and also which of the optional requirements, if any, are to be provided. Note 1: This specification is the subject of continuing study and possible amendments. Note 2: The Annex is an integral part of the Recommendation. Edition of March 15.1986 T/CD 02-01 E Page 3 SCOPE . 5 Section A. Common requirements . 5 1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS . 5 1.1. Blt rate . 5 1.2. Timing signal . 5 2. FRAME STRUCTURE . 5 2.1. 80 8-bit envelope structure .
    [Show full text]
  • What Is the Difference Between Digital and Analog Data and Digital and Analog Signals?
    STUDY G3 STUDY AND REVIEW OF DATA ENCODING DATA COMMUNICATION - DR. GORGONE What is the difference between digital and analog data and digital and analog signals? Define modulation. List the modulation encoding techniques in order from the least affected to the most affected by noise. There are four possible combinations of encoding and modulation techniques that are in widespread use (digital data, digital signal; analog data, digital signal; digital data, analog signal; and analog data, analog signal). The reasons for choosing a particular combination for any given communication task vary. What are some representative reasons for each of the combinations? Define the following terms: signal element, data signaling rate or data rate, duration, baud, BPS, mark and space. What factors determine how successful the receiver will be in interpreting the incoming signal? What is encoding and why is it used? What are the five common categories of encoding schemes used in the transmitting of digital data using digital signals? Why is the biphase digital signal encoding technique important? What are the three basic encoding or modulation techniques for transmitting digital data using analog signals (digital data, analog signals)? Explain ASK, FSK and PSK. Explain the common encoding technique known as quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK). Explain how a standard 9600 BPS modem uses combination modulation techniques (differential phase shift keying and amplitude modulation) to the 9600 BPS data rate over a 2400 baud voice line? Define digitization. Describe the three most common things that can happen to analog data once it has been converted into digital data (signals). Describe and explain PAM and PCM modulation techniques.
    [Show full text]
  • EMI) with Low Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS
    Application Report SLLA030C – September 2000 – Revised June 2002 Reducing Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) With Low Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS) Elliott Cole High-Performance Analog ABSTRACT This application report discusses alternatives associated with the electromagnetic interference (EMI) using a low voltage differential signaling (LVDS) interface. Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is sometimes a mere inconvenience, as when it interferes with commercial television and radio broadcast signals. In other situations however, it can be dangerous, even life-threatening. For example, some restaurant patrons need to know if microwave ovens are in use, and airline passengers cannot use their phones or laptop computers during takeoff or landing. EMI problems have been increasing with the proliferation of mobile electronic systems, wireless communication systems, and computer networks. The electromagnetic spectrum is becoming increasingly crowded. EMI can be a problem, whether sending data across town or across the room. This application report examines what can be done to reduce the EMI levels that are created when sending data from point A to point B. The only way to effectively attack the problem is to determine all of the sources of EMI, and either develop alternative technologies, which radiate less interference, or design more effective techniques for existing technologies. Engineers who have worked on the latter are familiar with the use of EMI gaskets, shielded twisted-pair (STP) cable, and steel wool. Traditional data transmissions standards, such as BTL, GTL, TIA/EIA-232 (a.k.a RS-232), and TIA/EIA-422 (a.k.a. RS-422) are used widely, as the availability of parts makes the designers’ job easier.
    [Show full text]
  • Digital Communications GATE Online Coaching Classes
    GATE Online Coaching Classes Digital Communications Online Class-5 By Dr.B.Leela Kumari Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering University college of Engineering Kakinada Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada 6/24/2020 Dr. B. Leela Kumari UCEK JNTUK Kakinada 1 Session-5 Band Pass Transmission Introduction Binary Amplitude Shift keying (BASK) Binary Frequency Shift keying(BFSK) Binary Phase Shift keying (BPSK). Objective Type Questions and Problems 6/24/2020 Dr. B. Leela Kumari UCEK JNTUK Kakinada 2 Classification of Digital Communications Digital Communication Baseband data Transmission Band pass data Transmission Binary M-ary Pulse analog Pulse Digital Transmission Transmission PAM PWM PPM PCM DPCM DM ADM QPSK 16PSK 32PSK BASK BPSK BFSK QAM 6/24/2020 Dr. B. Leela Kumari UCEK JNTUK Kakinada 3 Baseband digital signals have significant power content in the lower part of the frequency spectrum. Because of this, these signals can be conveniently transmitted over a pair of wires or co-axial cables. At the same time, because of the same reason, it is not possible to have efficient wireless transmission of baseband signals as it would require prohibitively large antennas, which would not be a practical or feasible proposition. Therefore, if baseband digital signals are to be transmitted over a wireless communication link, they should first modulate a continuous wave high- frequency carrier. Digital Modulation provides more information capacity, high data security, quicker system availability with great quality communication. Hence, digital modulation techniques have a greater demand, for their capacity to convey larger amounts of data than analog ones. 6/24/2020 Dr.
    [Show full text]