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Shahabi-Adib-Masc-ECE-August
A New Line Code for a Digital Communication System by Adib Shahabi Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science at Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia August 2019 © Copyright by Adib Shahabi, 2019 To my wife Shahideh ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ v LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... vi ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED ............................................................................... ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... x CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND ........................................................................................... 1 1.2 THESIS SYNOPSIS ...................................................................................... 4 1.3 ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS ............................................................ 5 CHAPTER 2 MODELLING THE LINE CHANNEL ....................................................... 7 2.1 CABLE MODELLING .................................................................................. 7 2.2 TRANSFORMER COUPLING .................................................................. -
How to Configure Radios for Use with Repeaters
Concept of How to Configure Your Handheld and Mobile Radio for Use on a Repeater System VA6RPL Peter LaGrandeur Calgary Amateur Radio Association 2015 Learning Conference Limitations of “Standalone” Radios such as Handhelds and Vehicle Mounted Mobiles. Short Range of Coverage Signal easily blocked by major obstacles such as mountains, valleys, urban infrastructure What is a “Repeater” Radio? A repeater is basically a two way radio that receives a signal on one frequency, and simultaneously retransmits it on another frequency. It can retransmit with much greater power than received, and can send over a much wider area. A good example is where users are scattered in various areas separated by mountains; if a repeater is situated on top of a central mountain, it can gather signals from surrounding valleys, and rebroadcast them to all surrounding valleys. Handy! From there, repeater stations can be “linked” together to connect a series of repeater radios, each in a different area. With this, every time a user transmits on his mobile or handheld, his call will be heard simultaneously over all the repeater transmitters. And, yes! Repeater stations can now be connected via the internet. This internet linking is called IRLP – Internet Relay Linking Project. For example, a repeater in Calgary can link, via the internet, with an IRLP repeater anywhere in the world. You can carry on a two way radio conversation with someone in a faraway land with the assistance of the internet. Locating of Repeater Stations The higher the better. Yes, there are even satellite repeaters for amateur radio. In places that afford the best coverage in as many directions as possible. -
LVDS Application and Data Handbook
LVDS Application and Data Handbook High-Performance Linear Products Technical Staff Literature Number: SLLD009 November 2002 Printed on Recycled Paper IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, modifications, enhancements, improvements, and other changes to its products and services at any time and to discontinue any product or service without notice. Customers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. All products are sold subject to TI’s terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment. TI warrants performance of its hardware products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI’s standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are used to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty. Except where mandated by government requirements, testing of all parameters of each product is not necessarily performed. TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design. Customers are responsible for their products and applications using TI components. To minimize the risks associated with customer products and applications, customers should provide adequate design and operating safeguards. TI does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any TI patent right, copyright, mask work right, or other TI intellectual property right relating to any combination, machine, or process in which TI products or services are used. Information published by TI regarding third–party products or services does not constitute a license from TI to use such products or services or a warranty or endorsement thereof. -
About Submarine Telecommunications Cables
About Submarine Telecommunications Cables Communicating via the ocean © International Cable Protection Committee Ltd www.iscpc.org Contents ~ A brief history ~ What & where are submarine cables ~ Laying & maintenance ~ Cables & the law ~ Cables & the environment ~ Effects of human activities ~ The future www.iscpc.org A Brief History - 1 ~ 1840-1850: telegraph cables laid in rivers & harbours; limited life, improved with use of gutta b percha insulation c.1843 a ~ 1850-1: 1st international telegraph link, England-France, later cables joined other 1850 (a) and 1851 (b) cables from European countries & USA with UK-France link. Courtesy: BT Canada ~ 1858: 1st trans-Atlantic cable laid by Great Eastern, between Ireland & Newfoundland; failed after 26 days & new cable laid Great Eastern off Newfoundland. in 1866 Courtesy: Cable & Wireless www.iscpc.org A Brief History - 2 ~ 1884: First underwater telephone cable service from San Francisco to Oakland ~ 1920s: Short-wave radio superseded cables for voice, picture & telex traffic, but capacity limited & subject to atmospheric effects ~ 1956: Invention of repeaters (1940s) & their use in TAT-1, the 1st trans-Atlantic telephone cable, began era of rapid reliable communications ~ 1961: Beginning of high quality, global network ~ 1986: First international fibre-optic cable joins Belgium & UK ~ 1988: First trans-oceanic fibre-optic system (TAT-8) begins service in the Atlantic www.iscpc.org What & Where are Submarine Cables Early telegraph cable Conductor-usually copper Insulation-gutta percha resin -
En 300 720 V2.1.0 (2015-12)
Draft ETSI EN 300 720 V2.1.0 (2015-12) HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) on-board vessels communications systems and equipment; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU 2 Draft ETSI EN 300 720 V2.1.0 (2015-12) Reference REN/ERM-TG26-136 Keywords Harmonised Standard, maritime, radio, UHF ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 Important notice The present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org/standards-search The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the print of the Portable Document Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: https://portal.etsi.org/People/CommiteeSupportStaff.aspx Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI. -
HP Probook 440 G6 Notebook PC Quickspecs
HP ProBook 440 G6 Notebook PC QuickSpecs Overview HP ProBook 440 G6 Notebook PC Left 1. Internal Microphones (2) 6. SD Card Reader 2. Webcam 7. Thermal Vent 3. Webcam LED 8. USB 2.0 Port 4. Clickpad 9. Standard Security Lock Slot (Lock sold separately) 5. Hard Drive LED 10. Power Button Not all configuration components are available in all regions/countries. c06142920 — DA 16311 - Worldwide — Version 19 — April 22, 2020 Page 1 HP ProBook 440 G6 Notebook PC QuickSpecs Overview Right 1. Power Connector 5. USB 3.1 Gen 1 Port 2. USB Type-C™ 3.1 Gen 1 Port 6. USB 3.1 Gen 1 Port 3. Ethernet Port (RJ-45) 7. Headphone/Microphone Combo Jack 4. HDMI Port (Cable not included) 8. HP Fingerprint Sensor (select models) Not all configuration components are available in all regions/countries. c06142920 — DA 16311 - Worldwide — Version 19 — April 22, 2020 Page 2 HP ProBook 440 G6 Notebook PC QuickSpecs Overview At a Glance • Preinstall with Windows 10 versions or FreeDOS 3.0 • Choice of 8th Generation Intel® Core™ i7, i5, i3 processors • Display include your choice of 35.56 cm (14.0") diagonal HD, Ultra Wide Viewing Angle FHD, Touch or Non-Touch • Optional Nvidia GeForce MX250 and MX130 with 2 GB GDDR5 dedicated video memory or integrated Intel® HD Graphics 610 or Intel® UHD 620 • Enhanced security features including TPM2.0, HP BIOSphere, Hardware enforced Firmware Protection, HP Fingerprint Sensor3 (select models) and optional IR camera • Passed 19 items of MIL-STD 810G testing plus an additional 120,000 hours of reliability testing through HP's Total -
Comparative Analysis Between NRZ and RZ Coding of WDM System
ISSN (Online) 2278-1021 IJARCCE ISSN (Print) 2319 5940 International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering Vol. 5, Issue 6, June 2016 Comparative Analysis between NRZ and RZ Coding of WDM System Supinder Kaur1, Simarpreet Kaur2 M.Tech Student, ECE Department, Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Engineering College, Fatehgarh Sahib, India1 Assistant Professor, ECE Department, Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Engineering College, Fatehgarh Sahib, India2 Abstract: An ameliorated performance of optical wireless transmission system is obtained from wireless system which deploys the lengthy fibers. Inter-satellite links are necessary between satellites in orbits around the earth for data transmission and also for orderly data relay from one satellite to other and then to ground stations. Inter-satellite Optical Wireless Communication bestows the use of wireless optical communication using lasers instead of conventional radio and microwave systems. Optical communication using lasers cater many benefits over conventional radio frequency systems. The utmost complication existing in this wireless optical communication for inter-satellite links is the affects of satellite vibration, which leads to severe pointing errors that degrade the performance. Performance of this system also depends on numerous parameters such as transmitted power, data rate and antenna aperture which are analyzed using Opti-System simulation software. The main objective of this is to introduce WDM in existing ISOWC system to improve the system capability, to implement Model with different coding NRZ and RZ, to propose a new approach for increasing system capability for multi users and also analysis the Performance parameters like BER, Q-factor of optical systems. Keywords: BER, FSO, Inter Satellite Link (ISL), IsOWC, Q-factor, Return-to-zero(RZ), Non Return-to-zero(NRZ). -
MODULE III SIGNAL ENCODING TECHNIQUES WS 148 for Digital
MODULE III SIGNAL ENCODING TECHNIQUES WS 148 For digital signaling, a data source g(t), which may be either digital or analog, is encoded into a digital signal x(t).The actual form of x(t) depends on the encoding technique and is chosen to optimize use of the transmission medium. The basis for analog signaling is a continuous constant-frequency signal known as the carrier signal. Modulation is the process of encoding source data onto a carrier signal with frequency All modulation techniques involve operation on one or more of the three fundamental frequency domain parameters: amplitude, frequency, and phase. The input signal m(t) may be analog or digital and is called the modulating signal or baseband signal. The result of modulating the carrier signal is called the modulated signal s(t). It is a bandlimited (bandpass) signal. The location of the bandwidth on the spectrum is related to fc and is often centered on fc. Both analog and digital information can be encoded as either analog or digital signals. 1. Digital data, Digital signal 2. Digital data, Analog signal 3. Analog data, Digital signal 4. Analog data, Analog signal DIGITAL DATA, DIGITAL SIGNAL The simplest form of digital encoding of digital data is to assign one voltage level to binary one and another to binary zero. A digital signal is a sequence of discrete, discontinuous voltage pulses. Each pulse is a signal element. Binary data are transmitted by encoding each data bit into signal elements. Binary 1 is represented by a lower voltage level and binary 0 by a higher voltage level. -
Shoshone & Other Agencies Repeater/Base Station
Shoshone & Other Agencies Repeater/Base Station Map 19 20 SECTION IV Group 14 – North Zone Group 15 – South Zone Resources 2015 Resources 2015 OPERATIONS Updated frequencies Updated frequencies scheduled for fall 2014 scheduled for fall 2014 Priorities for Radio Use CH CHANNEL LABEL CH CHANNEL LABEL EMERGENCY/SAFETY, FIRE , and Administrative or Routine Traffic 1 NZ Direct 1 Washakie Direct Use the following guidelines when transmitting: 2 Dead Indian Repeater 2 Washakie Black Mtn. Repeater - Listen for traffic and allow conversation to finish prior to use. - Speak clearly and at a normal voice level. Don’t shout into the mic. 3 Meadow Lake Repeater 3 Cyclone Pass Repeater - Do not use foul language or any inappropriate comments over the air. 4 Clayton Repeater 4 South Pass Repeater - Keep transmissions brief and to the point. Break longer transmissions up. 5 Blue Ridge Repeater 5 Carter Mtn. Repeater Remember – any conversations over the air can be monitored and are 6 Wind River Direct being recorded by the base stations at the offices. 6 Wood Ridge Repeater 7 WR Black Mtn. NOTE: When transmitting from a repeater channel, you will hear an audible Repeater 7 Clarks Fork Direct “squelch tail” that is a good indicator that you are hitting the repeater. 8 Lava Mtn. Repeater 8 Sunlight Repeater 9 Indian Ridge Repeater Portable Basics Receive Mode 9 Beartooth Repeater 10 Windy Ridge Repeater 1. Turn Off/VOL knob clockwise ½ turn. 10 Clarks Fork Portable 11 Work 2 2. Turn CG-SQ knob clockwise until noise is heard on speaker, then turn Repeater knob counterclockwise until radio “quiets” (no audio heard on speaker). -
Amateur Radio Repeater Basics
Amateur Radio FM Repeater Basics Al Duncan – VE3RRD Updated October 2007 For a list of frequencies of operation for Canadian Amateur Radio operations, refer to RBR-4 “Standards for the Operation of Radio Stations in the Amateur Radio Service” which can be found on the Industry Canada website at: http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/epic/internet/insmt-gst.nsf/en/sf05478e.html Schedule I lists frequencies for the various “ham bands” in use (Canada is in IARU Region 2). The bands most often used for FM repeater operations (listed in order of popularity) are: 144 – 148 MHz referred to as the “2 meter” band (2M band) 430 – 450 MHz referred to as the “440 band” or the “70cm band” 50 – 54 MHz referred to as the “6 meter band” 28 – 29.7 MHz referred to as the “10 meter band” 220 – 225 MHz referred to as the “220 band” or “1 ¼ meter band” or “125 cm band” 902 – 928 MHz referred to as the “900 band” 1240 – 1300 MHz referred to as the “23 cm band” Note that the name “2 meter”, “70 cm” etc. refers to the approximate wavelength of the radio wave. Within these frequency ranges, “standards” have been created as to what frequencies can be used for repeater transmit (output) and receive (input). In most cases, FM (frequency modulation) is used with repeater operations. The most popular transceivers available today will either be “2M only” or “2M/440 dual-band”, with the occasional model offering three or even four bands of operation. Simplex When you wish to talk to another ham without using a repeater, a “simplex” frequency is used. -
Amateur Radio Guide to Digital Mobile Radio (DMR)
Amateur Radio Guide to Digital Mobile Radio (DMR) By John S. Burningham, W2XAB February 2015 Talk Groups Available in North America Host Network TG TS* Assignment DMR-MARC 1 TS1 Worldwide (PTT) DMR-MARC 2 TS2 Local Network DMR-MARC 3 TS1 North America 9 TS2 Local Repeater only DMR-MARC 10 TS1 WW German DMR-MARC 11 TS1 WW French DMR-MARC 13 TS1 Worldwide English DMR-MARC 14 TS1 WW Spanish DMR-MARC 15 TS1 WW Portuguese DMR-MARC 16 TS1 WW Italian DMR-MARC 17 TS1 WW Nordic DMR-MARC 99 TS1 Simplex only DMR-MARC 302 TS1 Canada NATS 123 ---- TACe (TAC English) (PTT) NATS 8951 ---- TAC-1 (PTT) DCI 310 ---- TAC-310 (PTT) NATS 311 ---- TAC-311 (PTT) DMR-MARC 334 TS2 Mexico 3020-3029 TS2 Canadian Provincial/Territorial DCI 3100 TS2 DCI Bridge 3101-3156 TS2 US States DCI 3160 TS1 DCI 1 DCI 3161 TS2 DMR-MARC WW (TG1) on DCI Network DCI 3162 TS2 DCI 2 DCI 3163 TS2 DMR-MARC NA (TG3) on DCI Network DCI 3168 TS1 I-5 (CA/OR/WA) DMR-MARC 3169 TS2 Midwest USA Regional DMR-MARC 3172 TS2 Northeast USA Regional DMR-MARC 3173 TS2 Mid-Atlantic USA Regional DMR-MARC 3174 TS2 Southeast USA Regional DMR-MARC 3175 TS2 TX/OK Regional DMR-MARC 3176 TS2 Southwest USA Regional DMR-MARC 3177 TS2 Mountain USA Regional DMR-MARC 3181 TS2 New England & New Brunswick CACTUS 3185 TS2 Cactus - AZ, CA, TX only DCI 3777215 TS1 Comm 1 DCI 3777216 TS2 Comm 2 DMRLinks 9998 ---- Parrot (Plays back your audio) NorCal 9999 ---- Audio Test Only http://norcaldmr.org/listen-now/index.html * You need to check with your local repeater operator for the Talk Groups and Time Slot assignments available on your local repeater. -
Implementation of Transmitter and Receiver of V.34 High Speed Modem in Half Duplex Mode
ISSN: 2278 – 909X International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE) Volume 5, Issue 9, September 2016 Implementation of Transmitter and Receiver of v.34 High Speed Modem in Half Duplex Mode. K. Satish Kumar, M.Tech student,P. S. Chakravarthi, M.Tech student,T. Naveen M.Tech Student,P.Satyanarayana, Asst.Proffesor, VRSEC,G.Chakravarthy, Asst.Proffesor, VRSEC. Abstract— Communication plays a vital role in Modems that are being used at present are built development of society. For data communication, around imported processors. The intension behind modem is a key component. Modem is a combination this project is to develop a half-duplex modem of transmitter and receiver. Transmitter transfer the using DSP processor and make communication information to the destination i.e., receiver and receiver will receive it. This paper deals with possible. implementation of ITU-T V.34 communication protocol on the TMS320 DSP Processor. In this modem QAM modulation technique is used for II.MOTIVATION AND BACKGROUND modulation, trellis encoder is used to get the coding gain. The modem implemented in C code and then dumped in the processor, the outputs of the modem The main idea of V.34 recommendation is to shown in results.Here it is an asynchronous digital attain high data signaling rate by using the same subscriber line (ADSL) modem, which is used for old GSTNs. This up gradation in communication is both data and voice communication. due to the advancement in coding techniques. Modem that can transmit data quickly and reliable Index Terms—transmitter, receiver, ADSL modem, over telephone lines is preferred [2].