What Is the Difference Between Digital and Analog Data and Digital and Analog Signals?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

What Is the Difference Between Digital and Analog Data and Digital and Analog Signals?

STUDY G3 STUDY AND REVIEW OF DATA ENCODING DATA COMMUNICATION - DR. GORGONE What is the difference between digital and analog data and digital and analog signals? Define modulation. List the modulation encoding techniques in order from the least affected to the most affected by noise. There are four possible combinations of encoding and modulation techniques that are in widespread use (digital data, digital signal; analog data, digital signal; digital data, analog signal; and analog data, analog signal). The reasons for choosing a particular combination for any given communication task vary. What are some representative reasons for each of the combinations? Define the following terms: signal element, data signaling rate or data rate, duration, baud, BPS, mark and space. What factors determine how successful the receiver will be in interpreting the incoming signal? What is encoding and why is it used? What are the five common categories of encoding schemes used in the transmitting of digital data using digital signals? Why is the biphase digital signal encoding technique important? What are the three basic encoding or modulation techniques for transmitting digital data using analog signals (digital data, analog signals)? Explain ASK, FSK and PSK. Explain the common encoding technique known as quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK). Explain how a standard 9600 BPS modem uses combination modulation techniques (differential phase shift keying and amplitude modulation) to the 9600 BPS data rate over a 2400 baud voice line? Define digitization. Describe the three most common things that can happen to analog data once it has been converted into digital data (signals). Describe and explain PAM and PCM modulation techniques. How is voice digitized? What are the principal reasons why we are seeing digital encoding techniques continue to grow in popularity for transmitting analog data? .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Telecommunications—Page 1
Commerce Control List Supplement No. 1 to Part 774 Category 5 - Telecommunications—page 1 CATEGORY 5 – NS applies to 5A001.b NS Column 2 TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND (except .b.5), .c, .d, .f “INFORMATION SECURITY” (except f.3), and .g. Part 1 – TELECOMMUNICATIONS SL applies to 5A001.f.1 A license is required for all destinations, as Notes: specified in §742.13 of the EAR. Accordingly, 1. The control status of “components,” test a column specific to and “production” equipment, and “software” this control does not therefor which are “specially designed” for appear on the telecommunications equipment or systems is Commerce Country determined in Category 5, Part 1. Chart (Supplement No. 1 to Part 738 of the N.B.: For “lasers” “specially designed” for EAR). telecommunications equipment or systems, see ECCN 6A005. Note to SL paragraph: This licensing 2. “Digital computers”, related equipment requirement does not or “software”, when essential for the operation supersede, nor does it and support of telecommunications equipment implement, construe or described in this Category, are regarded as limit the scope of any “specially designed” “components,” provided criminal statute, they are the standard models customarily including, but not supplied by the manufacturer. This includes limited to the Omnibus operation, administration, maintenance, Safe Streets Act of engineering or billing computer systems. 1968, as amended. AT applies to entire AT Column 1 entry A. “END ITEMS,” “EQUIPMENT,” “ACCESSORIES,” “ATTACHMENTS,” Reporting Requirements “PARTS,” “COMPONENTS,” AND “SYSTEMS” See § 743.1 of the EAR for reporting requirements for exports under License Exceptions, and Validated End-User 5A001 Telecommunications systems, authorizations. equipment, “components” and “accessories,” as follows (see List of Items Controlled).
[Show full text]
Shahabi-Adib-Masc-ECE-August
A New Line Code for a Digital Communication System by Adib Shahabi Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science at Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia August 2019 © Copyright by Adib Shahabi, 2019 To my wife Shahideh ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ v LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... vi ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED ............................................................................... ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... x CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND ........................................................................................... 1 1.2 THESIS SYNOPSIS ...................................................................................... 4 1.3 ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS ............................................................ 5 CHAPTER 2 MODELLING THE LINE CHANNEL ....................................................... 7 2.1 CABLE MODELLING .................................................................................. 7 2.2 TRANSFORMER COUPLING ..................................................................
[Show full text]
LVDS Application and Data Handbook
LVDS Application and Data Handbook High-Performance Linear Products Technical Staff Literature Number: SLLD009 November 2002 Printed on Recycled Paper IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, modifications, enhancements, improvements, and other changes to its products and services at any time and to discontinue any product or service without notice. Customers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. All products are sold subject to TI’s terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment. TI warrants performance of its hardware products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI’s standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are used to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty. Except where mandated by government requirements, testing of all parameters of each product is not necessarily performed. TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design. Customers are responsible for their products and applications using TI components. To minimize the risks associated with customer products and applications, customers should provide adequate design and operating safeguards. TI does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any TI patent right, copyright, mask work right, or other TI intellectual property right relating to any combination, machine, or process in which TI products or services are used. Information published by TI regarding third–party products or services does not constitute a license from TI to use such products or services or a warranty or endorsement thereof.
[Show full text]
HP Probook 440 G6 Notebook PC Quickspecs
HP ProBook 440 G6 Notebook PC QuickSpecs Overview HP ProBook 440 G6 Notebook PC Left 1. Internal Microphones (2) 6. SD Card Reader 2. Webcam 7. Thermal Vent 3. Webcam LED 8. USB 2.0 Port 4. Clickpad 9. Standard Security Lock Slot (Lock sold separately) 5. Hard Drive LED 10. Power Button Not all configuration components are available in all regions/countries. c06142920 — DA 16311 - Worldwide — Version 19 — April 22, 2020 Page 1 HP ProBook 440 G6 Notebook PC QuickSpecs Overview Right 1. Power Connector 5. USB 3.1 Gen 1 Port 2. USB Type-C™ 3.1 Gen 1 Port 6. USB 3.1 Gen 1 Port 3. Ethernet Port (RJ-45) 7. Headphone/Microphone Combo Jack 4. HDMI Port (Cable not included) 8. HP Fingerprint Sensor (select models) Not all configuration components are available in all regions/countries. c06142920 — DA 16311 - Worldwide — Version 19 — April 22, 2020 Page 2 HP ProBook 440 G6 Notebook PC QuickSpecs Overview At a Glance • Preinstall with Windows 10 versions or FreeDOS 3.0 • Choice of 8th Generation Intel® Core™ i7, i5, i3 processors • Display include your choice of 35.56 cm (14.0") diagonal HD, Ultra Wide Viewing Angle FHD, Touch or Non-Touch • Optional Nvidia GeForce MX250 and MX130 with 2 GB GDDR5 dedicated video memory or integrated Intel® HD Graphics 610 or Intel® UHD 620 • Enhanced security features including TPM2.0, HP BIOSphere, Hardware enforced Firmware Protection, HP Fingerprint Sensor3 (select models) and optional IR camera • Passed 19 items of MIL-STD 810G testing plus an additional 120,000 hours of reliability testing through HP's Total
[Show full text]
Comparative Analysis Between NRZ and RZ Coding of WDM System
ISSN (Online) 2278-1021 IJARCCE ISSN (Print) 2319 5940 International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering Vol. 5, Issue 6, June 2016 Comparative Analysis between NRZ and RZ Coding of WDM System Supinder Kaur1, Simarpreet Kaur2 M.Tech Student, ECE Department, Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Engineering College, Fatehgarh Sahib, India1 Assistant Professor, ECE Department, Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Engineering College, Fatehgarh Sahib, India2 Abstract: An ameliorated performance of optical wireless transmission system is obtained from wireless system which deploys the lengthy fibers. Inter-satellite links are necessary between satellites in orbits around the earth for data transmission and also for orderly data relay from one satellite to other and then to ground stations. Inter-satellite Optical Wireless Communication bestows the use of wireless optical communication using lasers instead of conventional radio and microwave systems. Optical communication using lasers cater many benefits over conventional radio frequency systems. The utmost complication existing in this wireless optical communication for inter-satellite links is the affects of satellite vibration, which leads to severe pointing errors that degrade the performance. Performance of this system also depends on numerous parameters such as transmitted power, data rate and antenna aperture which are analyzed using Opti-System simulation software. The main objective of this is to introduce WDM in existing ISOWC system to improve the system capability, to implement Model with different coding NRZ and RZ, to propose a new approach for increasing system capability for multi users and also analysis the Performance parameters like BER, Q-factor of optical systems. Keywords: BER, FSO, Inter Satellite Link (ISL), IsOWC, Q-factor, Return-to-zero(RZ), Non Return-to-zero(NRZ).
[Show full text]
MODULE III SIGNAL ENCODING TECHNIQUES WS 148 for Digital
MODULE III SIGNAL ENCODING TECHNIQUES WS 148 For digital signaling, a data source g(t), which may be either digital or analog, is encoded into a digital signal x(t).The actual form of x(t) depends on the encoding technique and is chosen to optimize use of the transmission medium. The basis for analog signaling is a continuous constant-frequency signal known as the carrier signal. Modulation is the process of encoding source data onto a carrier signal with frequency All modulation techniques involve operation on one or more of the three fundamental frequency domain parameters: amplitude, frequency, and phase. The input signal m(t) may be analog or digital and is called the modulating signal or baseband signal. The result of modulating the carrier signal is called the modulated signal s(t). It is a bandlimited (bandpass) signal. The location of the bandwidth on the spectrum is related to fc and is often centered on fc. Both analog and digital information can be encoded as either analog or digital signals. 1. Digital data, Digital signal 2. Digital data, Analog signal 3. Analog data, Digital signal 4. Analog data, Analog signal DIGITAL DATA, DIGITAL SIGNAL The simplest form of digital encoding of digital data is to assign one voltage level to binary one and another to binary zero. A digital signal is a sequence of discrete, discontinuous voltage pulses. Each pulse is a signal element. Binary data are transmitted by encoding each data bit into signal elements. Binary 1 is represented by a lower voltage level and binary 0 by a higher voltage level.
[Show full text]
Implementation of Transmitter and Receiver of V.34 High Speed Modem in Half Duplex Mode
ISSN: 2278 – 909X International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE) Volume 5, Issue 9, September 2016 Implementation of Transmitter and Receiver of v.34 High Speed Modem in Half Duplex Mode. K. Satish Kumar, M.Tech student,P. S. Chakravarthi, M.Tech student,T. Naveen M.Tech Student,P.Satyanarayana, Asst.Proffesor, VRSEC,G.Chakravarthy, Asst.Proffesor, VRSEC. Abstract— Communication plays a vital role in Modems that are being used at present are built development of society. For data communication, around imported processors. The intension behind modem is a key component. Modem is a combination this project is to develop a half-duplex modem of transmitter and receiver. Transmitter transfer the using DSP processor and make communication information to the destination i.e., receiver and receiver will receive it. This paper deals with possible. implementation of ITU-T V.34 communication protocol on the TMS320 DSP Processor. In this modem QAM modulation technique is used for II.MOTIVATION AND BACKGROUND modulation, trellis encoder is used to get the coding gain. The modem implemented in C code and then dumped in the processor, the outputs of the modem The main idea of V.34 recommendation is to shown in results.Here it is an asynchronous digital attain high data signaling rate by using the same subscriber line (ADSL) modem, which is used for old GSTNs. This up gradation in communication is both data and voice communication. due to the advancement in coding techniques. Modem that can transmit data quickly and reliable Index Terms—transmitter, receiver, ADSL modem, over telephone lines is preferred [2].
[Show full text]
Performance Evaluation of Power Spectral Density of Different Line Coding Technique
National Conference on Recent Trends in Engineering & Technology Performance evaluation of Power Spectral Density of different line coding technique Darshankumar C. Dalwadi1, Bhargav C. Goradiya2, Milendrakumar M. Solanki3, Mehfuza S.Holia4 1Asst. Prof., Electronics & Telecommunication dept., B.V.M. Engineering college, V.V.Nagar, 2Asso. Prof. & Head, Electronics & Telecommunication dept., B.V.M. Engineering College, V.V.Nagar, 3Asst. Prof., Electronics dept., B.V.M. Engineering College, V.V.Nagar, 4Asst. Prof., Electronics dept., B.V.M. Engineering College, V.V.Nagar Abstract—In this paper we have presented an effect of different the actual or implied integral clock cycle. The real question is line coding technique. We have plot power spectral density of that of sampling--the high or low state will be received different line coding technique like non return to zero, return to correctly provided the transmission line has stabilized for that zero and Manchester coding with respect to the different bit when the physical line level is sampled at the receiving frequencies. We have also shown the which line coding technique end. is best compare to all of them. We used the MATLAB in our simulation work. However, it is helpful to see NRZ transitions as happening on the trailing (falling) clock edge in order to compare NRZ- Level to other encoding methods, such as the mentioned I. INTRODUCTION Manchester code, which requires clock edge information (is The basic block diagram of digital communication system the XOR of the clock and NRZ, actually) and to see the involves sampler, quantizer and line coder. The sampler difference between NRZ-Mark and NRZ-Inverted.
[Show full text]
Specification of Engineering Requirements for a Synchronous Digital Multiplexer Operating at 64 Kbit/S Using an 8-Bit (6+2) Envelope Structure
T/CD 02-01 E oB Page 1 Recommendation T/CD 02-01 E (Ostende 1979, revised at Cannes 1983) Concerning the specification of engineering requirements for a synchronous digital multiplexer operating at 64 kbit/s using an 8-bit (6+2) envelope structure Recommendation proposed by Working Group T/WG 10 “Data Communications” (CD) Text of the revised Recommendation adopted by the “Telecommunications” Commission: “The Conference of European Post and Telecommunications Administrations, Considering — that CCITT Recommendation X.50 describes the standard for a TDM system for synchronous data transmission at 64 kbit/s using an 8-bit (6+ 12) envelope structure; — that GT/CD has studied the harmonization of multiplex equipment for data communication under the auspices of Question CD 1. Recommends — that the attached specification of engineering requirements for a synchronous digital multiplexer operating at m 64 kbit/s using an 8-bit (6 + 12) envelope structure, annexed to this Recommendation should be taken into account by all CEPT Administrations when implementation of such a piece of equipment is being planned by Administra- tions.” Administrations are free to stipulate additional requirements, and also which of the optional requirements, if any, are to be provided. Note 1: This specification is the subject of continuing study and possible amendments. Note 2: The Annex is an integral part of the Recommendation. Edition of March 15.1986 T/CD 02-01 E Page 3 SCOPE . 5 Section A. Common requirements . 5 1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS . 5 1.1. Blt rate . 5 1.2. Timing signal . 5 2. FRAME STRUCTURE . 5 2.1. 80 8-bit envelope structure .
[Show full text]
EMI) with Low Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS
Application Report SLLA030C – September 2000 – Revised June 2002 Reducing Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) With Low Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS) Elliott Cole High-Performance Analog ABSTRACT This application report discusses alternatives associated with the electromagnetic interference (EMI) using a low voltage differential signaling (LVDS) interface. Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is sometimes a mere inconvenience, as when it interferes with commercial television and radio broadcast signals. In other situations however, it can be dangerous, even life-threatening. For example, some restaurant patrons need to know if microwave ovens are in use, and airline passengers cannot use their phones or laptop computers during takeoff or landing. EMI problems have been increasing with the proliferation of mobile electronic systems, wireless communication systems, and computer networks. The electromagnetic spectrum is becoming increasingly crowded. EMI can be a problem, whether sending data across town or across the room. This application report examines what can be done to reduce the EMI levels that are created when sending data from point A to point B. The only way to effectively attack the problem is to determine all of the sources of EMI, and either develop alternative technologies, which radiate less interference, or design more effective techniques for existing technologies. Engineers who have worked on the latter are familiar with the use of EMI gaskets, shielded twisted-pair (STP) cable, and steel wool. Traditional data transmissions standards, such as BTL, GTL, TIA/EIA-232 (a.k.a RS-232), and TIA/EIA-422 (a.k.a. RS-422) are used widely, as the availability of parts makes the designers’ job easier.
[Show full text]
Digital Communications GATE Online Coaching Classes
GATE Online Coaching Classes Digital Communications Online Class-5 By Dr.B.Leela Kumari Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering University college of Engineering Kakinada Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada 6/24/2020 Dr. B. Leela Kumari UCEK JNTUK Kakinada 1 Session-5 Band Pass Transmission Introduction Binary Amplitude Shift keying (BASK) Binary Frequency Shift keying(BFSK) Binary Phase Shift keying (BPSK). Objective Type Questions and Problems 6/24/2020 Dr. B. Leela Kumari UCEK JNTUK Kakinada 2 Classification of Digital Communications Digital Communication Baseband data Transmission Band pass data Transmission Binary M-ary Pulse analog Pulse Digital Transmission Transmission PAM PWM PPM PCM DPCM DM ADM QPSK 16PSK 32PSK BASK BPSK BFSK QAM 6/24/2020 Dr. B. Leela Kumari UCEK JNTUK Kakinada 3 Baseband digital signals have significant power content in the lower part of the frequency spectrum. Because of this, these signals can be conveniently transmitted over a pair of wires or co-axial cables. At the same time, because of the same reason, it is not possible to have efficient wireless transmission of baseband signals as it would require prohibitively large antennas, which would not be a practical or feasible proposition. Therefore, if baseband digital signals are to be transmitted over a wireless communication link, they should first modulate a continuous wave high- frequency carrier. Digital Modulation provides more information capacity, high data security, quicker system availability with great quality communication. Hence, digital modulation techniques have a greater demand, for their capacity to convey larger amounts of data than analog ones. 6/24/2020 Dr.
[Show full text]
V.34 Fax Relay White Paper
V.34 Fax Relay over Packet Networks December 2011 WHITE PAPER Table of Contents Scope 3 Standard Abbreviations 3 Overview 3 V.34 Fax Call over the PSTN 4 T.30 Phase A – V.34 Call Establishment 4 V.34 Phase 2 – Line Probing 5 V.34 Phase 3 – Primary Channel Equalizer Training 5 Phase B – Pre‐Message Procedures 6 Phase C – In‐Message Procedure 6 Phase D – Post‐Message Procedure 7 Phase E – Call release 7 V.34 Fax Relay Stimulus Signals 7 Calling Fax Tone (CNG) 7 V.8 Answer Tone (ANSam) 7 CNG and Answer Tone 7 V.8 CM 8 V.21 Preamble Flags 8 V.34 Fax Relay in Fallback Mode 8 V.34 Fax Relay per T.38 Version 3 9 T.38 Call Setup 10 Why Choose AudioCodes? 11 References 12 WHITE PAPER V.34 Fax Relay over Packet Networks 2 Scope This white paper provides a technical overview of V.34 fax technology and is intended for Fax over IP (FoIP) application and test engineers, FoIP gateway vendors and customers, and FoIP customer support. A brief introduction in V.34 fax relay technology is given with reviewing fax signals exchanged during different phases of V.34 fax call, stimulus signals for transitioning gateways to V.34 fax relay, different methods of V.34 fax communication over the Internet, and optimal methods of T.38 call establishment. Standard Abbreviations ANSam V.8 Answer tone, 2100 Hz, amplitude‐modulated CI V.8 Call Indicator signal CJ V.8 CM terminator CM V.8 Call Menu signal JM V.8 Joint Menu signal CFR T.30 Confirmation to Receive CNG T.30 Calling fax tone CSI T.30 Called Subscriber Identification DCN T.30 Disconnect DCS T.30 Digital Command Signal DIS T.30 Digital Identification Signal EOP T.30 End of Page ECM T.30 Error‐Correction Mode HDLC High‐level Data Link Control MCF T.30 Message Confirmation PPS T.30 Partial Page Signal SDP Session Description Protocol SIP Session Initiation Protocol TCF T.30 Training Check Frame TSI T.30 Transmitting Subscriber Identification Overview The late 1990s and early 2000s were remarkable for the appearance and widespread proliferation of high‐ speed faxes based on the V.34 half‐duplex modulation system.
[Show full text]