DECEMBER 2012 VOLUME 54 NUMBER 12 STORM DATA

AND UNUSUAL WEATHER PHENOMENA WITH LATE REPORTS AND CORRECTIONS

NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION noaa NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE, DATA AND INFORMATION SERVICE NATIONAL CLIMATIC DATA CENTER, ASHEVILLE, NC

Cover: This cover represents a few weather conditions such as snow, hurricanes, tornadoes, heavy rain and flooding that may occur in any given location any month of the year. (Photos courtesy of NCDC)

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena...... …….…....…………...…...... …...... 3 Reference Notes...... ……...... ………...... …..….…...... 252

STORM DATA (ISSN 0039-1972) National Climatic Data Center Editor: Rhonda Herndon

STORM DATA is prepared, and distributed by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

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STORM DATA contains all confirmed information on storms available to our staff at the time of publication. Late reports and corrections will be printed in each edition.

Except for limited editing to correct grammatical errors, the data in Storm Data are published as received.

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Thomas R. Karl Director, National Climatic Data Center

2 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALABAMA, Central

ALZ019-027>029- Autauga - Barbour - Bullock - Calhoun - Chambers - Chilton - Clay - Coosa - Lee - Macon - Montgomery - 035>038-041-044> Pike - Randolph - Russell - Talladega - Tallapoosa 050 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Most areas across Central Alabama observed above normal rainfall during the month of December. Drought stricken areas saw totals ranging from 4 to 6 inches during the latter part of the month and saw little improvement to drought conditions.

Jefferson County 1 NE Thomas Jct 10 0443CST 1 SW North Birmingham 0445CST 1.05 250 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The tornado touched down just west of 3rd Place West or just to the east of the Birmingham Farmers Market. From there, it moved to the northeast across a light industrial warehouse area, striking a large metal building. Several overhead doors at the loading dock were blown in, which then blew off about 25 percent of the roof. Debris from this structure was found up to a mile away. The tornado continued northeastward through a residential area, causing damage to 29 homes, 2 of which had major damage and one of which lost its roof entirely. A church and two other businesses were damaged near the intersection of Finley Blvd and 16th Street. The tornado lifted near the intersection of 24th Court North and 18th Street North, just west of Interstate 65.

Randolph County 4 SSW Pine Tuckey 10 1021CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Two trees were reported down near Fosters Cross Roads. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Dallas County 1 E Sadis 10 1030CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Several trees were reported down at the intersection of County Road 62 and County Road 30.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Montgomery County 2 NE Devenport 10 1322CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was reported down blocking Brady Road in Pintlala. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Montgomery County 1 E Mt Meigs Station 10 1331CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55EG)

A few trees were uprooted along Wares Ferry Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph. Macon County 1 W Shorter 10 1345CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Two trees and one powerline were downed in the town of Shorter.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Macon County 1 S Franklin 10 1356CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was uprooted and fell across Highway 49, approximately 1 mile south of the Franklin Community.

An upper level disturbance developed west of the Rockies and then ejected eastward. At the surface, a surface low developed over the Central Plains, with a cold front trailing southward. As this system moved eastward, showers and thunderstorms developed ahead of the cold front and moved into a slightly unstable air mass across Central Alabama. While the overall system was weakening as it moved across the area, there was enough instability and wind shear to support an isolated tornado and several severe wind reports. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

3 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALABAMA, Central Lamar County 1 N Vernon 20 0705CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55EG)

Several trees were uprooted along Aberdeen Road, just west of Vernon, as well as along Murberry Road in Sulligent. A camper trailer was also overturned in the area. Note: The estimated wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph. Pickens County 3 N Garden 20 0720CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55EG)

Trees were uprooted along Martin Luther King Road northwest of Aliceville, as well as along County Road 9 and County Road 35 just north of Carrollton. Note: The estimated wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph. Fayette County 3 N Fayette R Arthur Arp 20 0733CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were uprooted along Highway 102 and on Highway 18 E, just north of Fayette.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Elmore County 1 SE Sykes Mill 20 1033CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55EG)

Trees were uprooted along Buyck Road, approximately 2 miles north of Highway 231.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph. Elmore County 4 N Wetumpka 20 1044CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55EG)

Trees and powerlines were downed across Grier Road, at the intersection of Weoka Road.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph. Montgomery County 1 N Pike Road 20 1105CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were uprooted in the Pike Road Community. An upper level shortwave, with a surface low pressure system developed and moved across the Central Plains, with a cold front trailing to the south. As the system progressed eastward, a warm front developed and moved to the north over the southern portions of Central Alabama. This allowed for warm and moist air to surge northward, destabilizing the atmosphere across the area. As showers and thunderstorms associated with the cold front moved into the state, the atmosphere was unstable enough to support several isolated severe wind reports. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

Marengo County 2 S Exmoor 25 1515CST 1 NNW Vangale 1521CST 4.7 100 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

An EF-1 tornado touched down southwest of Dixons Mill on Hoboken Road. The tornado tracked north northeastward and crossed County Road 6, County Road 8 and Highway 10. The tornado lifted after it crossed Highway 10 along Southern Pines Drive. Very minimal structural damage was noted along the path. The damage was mainly limited to numerous trees that were either snapped or uprooted. Several people witnessed the tornado.

Greene County West Greene 25 1700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55EG)

A few homes near West Greene reported minor shingle damage. Note: The estimated wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph. Greene County 1 SE Clinton 25 1704CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55EG)

Several trees were uprooted along Highway 39 near Clinton. Note: The estimated wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph.

4 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALABAMA, Central Pike County 1 ESE Tennille 25 1730CST 1736CST 3.66 300 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The tornado touched down in far northern Dale County (See Storm Data Tallahassee) along Highway 231 near the Pea River. The tornado tracked northeastward and crossed County Road (CR) 200 before it entered Pike County. The tornado continued northeastward and produced damage along CR 4425 and CR 4438. The tornado lifted near the intersection of CR 4427 north of CR 4421. Numerous trees were either snapped off or were uprooted along the damage path. The most significant damage occurred along CR 4425 where 2 homes sustained roof damage and 2 chicken houses were damaged. Also along CR 4438, a barn lost its roof with the tin being thrown over one half mile and hardwood trees were snapped and uprooted. The total tornado path length was 5.36 miles and was 300 yards wide at its widest point. The tornado first touched down at 527 pm CST.

Marengo County 3 S Spocari 25 1750CST 2 ENE Alfalfa 1759CST 5.89 500 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

The EF-1 tornado touched down west of US Hwy 43 near Marengo Farms Road. The tornado tracked northeastward across US Highway 43 where it caused minor tree damage in Memorial Gardens Cemetery, Old Springhill Road and Reed Drive. The tornado continued northeastward and produced damage along Sunset Road where the strongest winds occurred. This is where 2 mobile homes were completely destroyed and multiple others sustained minor to moderate damage. Also one church on US Hwy 80 had partial roof damage. The tornado then crossed US Hwy 80 and lifted just before crossing into Hale County. Hundreds of trees were either snapped off or were uprooted along the path.

Tuscaloosa County 5 ESE Samantha 25 1751CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were uprooted near U.S. Highway 69 North and Tierce Patton Road.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Perry County 1 NNE Scott Station 25 1837CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Several trees were uprooted along County Road 48 west of Marion.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Talladega County 1 WSW Winterboro 25 1958CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Several powerlines were downed in the Alpine Community. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Coosa County 1 E Weogufka 25 2009CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55EG)

A few trees were uprooted in northern Coosa County near Weogufka.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph. Lowndes County 2 W Braggs 25 2009CST 2010CST 2.03 300 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

An EF-1 tornado touched down just inside the county line on Farmersville Road causing minimal tree damage, then continued east- northeast causing additional tree damage on County Road 7. The tornado lifted just to the east of CR 7.

Lowndes County 2 NNW Beechwood 25 2026CST 2027CST 0.62 75 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

This brief EF-0 touchdown occurred in the Mosses community. Several homes had minor shingle damage, siding was peeled from the side of the elementary school, and one rotten hardwood was snapped. The tornado lifted just east of Mason Dr.

5 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALABAMA, Central Lowndes County 2 N Hayneville 25 2032CST 1 SSW Manack 2046CST 9.55 900 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF2)

The EF-2 tornado touched down on Highway 97 between Hayneville and Lowndesboro. Hundreds of trees were snapped or uprooted in a half-mile wide swath across Highway 97. The tornado continued to the northeast and intensified as it moved over mainly pastureland. Just south of Highway 80, the tornado struck a farm, significantly damaging a large, well-constructed cattle barn. A second large metal cattle barn was mostly destroyed as well. Numerous power poles were snapped or downed along Highway 80. A heavy-duty dumpster was lofted and thrown approximately 250 yards across Highway 80. Tin roofing material and other debris was lofted and blown over one-quarter mile. The tornado continued across Highway 80, damaging multiple homes along Lake Berry Road. One home had the roof largely removed resulting in the cement block foundation cracking. Three to five additional homes had minor roof damage. The tornado continued northeastward toward the old GE Plastics Plant where it mowed down numerous trees and flipped several empty semitrailers onto their sides. The tornado lifted just north of the Gate 1 entrance to the plant and east of County Road 37.

Montgomery County 4 WSW (MGM)Montgomery 25 2050CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees and powerlines were blown down on Highway 80, west of Dannelly Field.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Autauga County 1 S Prattmont 25 2053CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55EG)

A few trees were uprooted in and around the Prattville area.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph. Elmore County 4 SSE Prattville Jct 25 2105CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (60EG)

A metal barn was completely destroyed and another barn had its metal roof removed.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 60 knots is equivalent to 69 mph. Walker County 4 NE Marigold 25 2126CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Montgomery County 3 NE Ramer 25 2212CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Powerlines were downed near the intersection of Long Road and Mt. Lebanon Road.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Pike County 2 WNW Goshen 25 2224CST 1 SSW Needmore 2240CST 15.7 600 0 2 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF2)

6 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALABAMA, Central

An EF-2 tornado touched down just inside the county line on Brantley Road near an open field causing only minor tree damage. It traveled northeast to County Road (CR) 2219, where it caused significant damage to 2 chicken barns, a home and a small barn before crossing CR 2201. As it continued to the northeast, the tornado traveled parallel to the Conecuh River on CR 2214 for more than two miles, causing widespread damage with hundreds of trees snapped or uprooted and damaging several homes. As it passed CR 11, a single-wide manufactured home had its anchors ripped out of the ground and rolled 75 yards into a wooded area, while leaving the wooden post porch intact. The home fell apart as it rolled, leaving a trail of debris that lead into the woods, where the frame split in two and was wrapped around the trees. Two occupants were injured and required medical attention. The tornado continued over mainly fields and wooded areas, crossing Hwy 29 just west of CR 1165. The tornado crossed the Conecuh River and intensified as it approached the River Ridge Subdivision on CR 1101. Numerous large tall trees were uprooted, scores of pines were snapped, and a portion of the wall of a brick home collapsed causing major damage. From there, it continued northeast to the Brantley Woods Motor Home Park just north of CR 1148 on the west side of US Hwy 231, between the Troy Airport and the Conecuh River. A large swath of softwood trees were mowed down about 20 feet off the ground, and 3 single-wide manufactured homes were destroyed. One of the homes had its anchors ripped out of the ground and begin to roll, but because the park was heavily wooded, it was stopped from tumbling over onto and crushing the next home. From there, the tornado continued over marshy low lands and forested areas for another 3 miles before lifting at CR 103 north of Needmore Road.

Montgomery County 1 SSE Waugh 25 2229CST 2230CST 0.72 100 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

An EF-1 tornado touched down along County Road 107 (Marler Road) where it caused some minor shingle damage to a single- family residence. The tornado continued north-northeast and crossed Avenue of the Oaks before lifting at the end of Dellsena Lane. Approximately fifty trees were either snapped or uprooted along the path.

Bullock County 1 SW Fitzpatrick 25 2238CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (60EG)

A few large trees were uprooted, blocking a roadway near the community of Fitzpatrick.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 60 knots is equivalent to 69 mph. Macon County 2 SSW Notasulga 25 2306CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55EG)

A few trees were uprooted near the intersection of County Road 54 and County Road 37.

Late Christmas Eve, a well amplified upper level trough dug into the southern Plains. In response, a surface low developed Christmas morning over southern Texas. As the upper low deepened and tilted negatively, the surface low strengthened as it moved eastward. By Christmas afternoon, a swath of severe weather swept across the Deep South, with discrete supercells and a broken line of thunderstorms in trail. These thunderstorms moved across central Alabama during the evening hours, bringing with them strong straight line winds, numerous tornadoes, as well as flooding. Note: The estimated wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph. ALABAMA, North Limestone County 1 E Burgreen Corner 10 0319CST 0323CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Wind damage occurred in and near a neigborhood along Browns Ferry Road just west of County Line Road. A few trees were knocked down along Browns Ferry Road. The winds tore shingles off of a home, a fences was partially blown over, and a home under construction sustained some damage. A trampoline was destroyed after being blown about 200 yards.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Madison County 3 ENE Madison 10 0326CST 0329CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Trees were knocked down at the intersection of Eastview Drive and Highland Drive.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph.

7 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALABAMA, North Madison County 3 S Huntsville Mills Arp 10 0338CST 0341CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Four trees were blown down on Governors Drive going up Monte Sano Mountain. Several limbs were knocked down and garbage cans were blown around. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Madison County 2 SSW Huntsville Mills Arp 10 0338CST 0341CST 0 0 4.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

Several trees up to one foot in diameter were knocked down along Governors Drive just east of Huntsville Hospital. Time estimated by radar. Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph. Madison County 2 ESE Huntsville 10 0338CST 0341CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

A large window of a rug store was blown out at the intersection of Whitesburg Drive and Longwood Drive.

A quasi-linear convective system (QLCS) tracked east across northern Alabama during the early morning hours. One of the storms in this line developed supercellular characteristics and a mesocyclone which tracked from eastern Limestone into southeastern Madison Counties. Wind damage occurred in the western portions of the city of Madison in eastern Limestone County, and again along Governor's Drive in southeast Huntsville in Madison County. Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph. Franklin County 3 NW Seven Pines 20 0644CST 0647CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Trees were knocked down along Highway 11. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Franklin County Hodges 20 0658CST 0701CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Trees were knocked down along Highway 172. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Franklin County 2 WNW Tharptown 20 0722CST 0725CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Trees were knocked down along Highway 77. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Franklin County 1 WSW Shady Grove 20 0726CST 0729CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Trees were knocked down along Shady Grove Road. A line of showers and thunderstorms along a cold front tracked through northern Alabama the morning hours that produced wind damage in Franklin County. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph.

ALZ001-002 Colbert - Lauderdale 20 0945CST 2359CST 0 0 16.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

Gusty west to northwest winds developed during the late morning and early afternoon hours behind the passage of a strong cold front. Sustained winds of 25 to 35 mph with some gusts of over 45 mph occurred. The winds knocked down tree limbs and several smaller trees.

25 1815CST 2015CST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K High Wind

8 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALABAMA, North ALZ008 Marshall 25 2100CST 2300CST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K High Wind

A period of high winds occurred immediately following an area of showers and thunderstorms that had pushed across the TN Valley on Christmas Day. The winds occurred during the late evening hours and were associated with a phenomenon called a wake low, which is a small scale low pressure wave generated by some thunderstorm complexes.

ALABAMA, Southeast

ALZ065>067 Coffee - Dale - Henry 01 0000EST 31 2359EST 0 0 Drought

D2 drought conditions were present across northeastern Coffee, northern Dale, and much of Henry county through December and into January. A small portion of eastern Henry category experienced D3 drought conditions.

Geneva County Lytle 20 1115CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A large pine tree and debris was on Highway 52 West of Geneva. Monetary damage was estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Houston County 2 W Brannon Stand 20 1147CST 0 0 7.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (65EG)

Damage occurred at 505 Beaver Creek Road. Multiple trees were down and snapped, and there was structural damage to a garage. A fence was also blown down. Monetary damage was estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 65 knots is equivalent to 75 mph. Houston County 1 NE Hollis Dairy Rd 20 1148CST 1 E Brannon Stand 1155CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (60EG)

Multiple trees and power lines were blown down along Highway 84 West of Dothan. An 18 wheeler was also overturned and some signs were damaged. Monetary damage was estimated. Note: The estimated wind gust of 60 knots is equivalent to 69 mph. Geneva County Geneva 20 1150CST Slocomb 1220CST 0 0 4.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Multiple trees and power lines were blown down around Geneva county. Monetary damage was estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Henry County Newville 20 1150CST 2 SE Danzey 1205CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down in a few places around the county. Monetary damage was estimated.

A strong upper level trough and cold front moved through the area. There was sufficient instability and shear for a few strong to severe thunderstorms across the area. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

Coffee County 1 N Basin 25 1531CST 0.01 10 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

A brief tornado touchdown was reported to the county emergency management. The only damage reported was a few trees knocked down. Damage was consistent with an EF0 tornado.

9 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALABAMA, Southeast Coffee County Clintonville 25 1700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Funnel Cloud

The public spotted a funnel cloud near Clintonville. However, it was too far away at the time to determine if it was touching down or not. This storm eventually went on to produce a tornado in northwest Dale county extending into Pike county.

Dale County Highway 231 Pea River Bridge 25 1727CST 1730CST 1.75 50 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

An EF0 tornado touched down in northwestern Dale county near the Highway 231 Pea River Bridge and traveled northeastward into Pike County. In Dale county, trees were twisted and partially snapped, but no structural damage occurred. In Pike county, the tornado strengthened to EF1, but the Dale county portion of this tornado was rated EF0.

Coffee County 3 NNE Damascus 25 1805CST 1 E Victoria 1833CST 13.87 25 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

An intermittent damage path was evident beginning near the Wooten Chapel around the intersection of County Roads 523 and 514 and ending in the vicinity of County Road 134. Along this path, trees were blown down and a barn and outbuilding were damaged. Damage was consistent with an EF0 tornado. Monetary damage was estimated.

Houston County Rehobeth 26 0040CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Two trees and a power line were blown down. Monetary damage was estimated.

A strong upper level trough and cold front moved through the area. There was sufficient instability and shear for a few strong to severe thunderstorms across the area, including a few tornadoes. However, all of the tornadoes were rated EF0, and the most severe weather remained just west of southeastern Alabama. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. ALABAMA, Southwest Mobile County 1 NNE Cottage Hill 20 0449CST 1 N Magazine 0505CST 6.67 75 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The tornado initially touched down along Michael Boulevard producing EF-0 damage (winds estimated up to 85 mph) where it damaged the roof of the YMCA and produced moderate damage to the Davidson High School baseball field. The tornado continued moving northeast strengthening as it moved across Montlimar Boulevard producing EF-1 damage (from winds estimated at 86 to 110 mph) to several businesses on the southwest corner of the Interstate 65/Airport Boulevard intersection. The tornado circulation widened to near 75 yards as it moved northeast affecting numerous homes through midtown mobile, blowing large sections of roofs off of several homes, snapping or blowing over numerous trees. Here the storm produced damages estimated in the millions of dollars to local businesses (including significant amounts of damage to the facility and inventory of a Mercedes Benz dealership). Also impacted was the regional American Red Cross headquarters in Mobile where significant damage to the roof and damage to several support vehicles/trailers was noted. The tornado continued at EF-1 strength as it tracked northeast into the city of Prichard doing similar damage, before weakening and dissipating along U.S. Highway 43 at Woodland Avenue.

10 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALABAMA, Southwest

Luxury vehicles severely damaged at a Mid-Town Mobile Mercedes Benz dealership during an EF-1 tornado that struck during the early morning hours of December 20, 2013. Choctaw County 7 ESE Silas 20 0830CST 0832CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Winds estimated at 60 mph blew a few trees down along CR6. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Covington County 8 N Andalusia 20 0947CST 0949CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Funnel Cloud

Funnel cloud reported from US 29 just north of Andalusia. Crenshaw County 6 S Brantley 20 0955CST 0957CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Funnel Cloud

Covington County Andalusia 20 0955CST 0957CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Winds estimated at 60 mph downed trees along Highway 55 south.

Strong to severe thunderstorms developed ahead of an approaching cold front during the early morning hours. These storms produced several reports of wind damage and one of the storms produced a tornado that moved across portions of the city of Mobile. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Crenshaw County Luverne 25 1621CST 1623CST 0.18 50 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

The tornado briefly touched down in a wooded area just south of Jeffcoat Street...where two hardwood trees were uprooted. As the tornado crossed Jeffcoat Street...it caused roof damage to two houses. The tornado continued northeast where it crossed Franklin Street...causing significant damage to a third home and snapped two pine trees. The tornado rapidly dissipated as it moved into an open field.

11 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALABAMA, Southwest Crenshaw County 1 N Patsburg 25 1628CST 1630CST 0.07 20 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

The tornado briefly touched down along Live Oak Road in Patsburg. Near the intersection of Sims Road...a large pine tree was snapped and car windows were blown out in two vehicles. Metal roofing was peeled off a small vacant metal building and a home sustained significant roof damage. Video and eyewitness accounts confirm the brief touchdown.

Choctaw County 2 WSW West Butler 25 1645CST 2 ESE Riderwood 1656CST 5.91 880 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF2)

The tornado touched down along Pineview Road near the Riderwood community...or approximately 8 miles west southwest of Butler. The worst damage occurred in this area as three manufactured homes were completely destroyed...with the debris being blown several hundred yards away. Several other structures sustained minor to moderate damage...including one mobile home and one single family residence. A couple of barns/outbuildings were also almost completely destroyed. The tornado then moved northeast crossing Dollywood Road and County Road 24...where extensive tree damage occurred in the heavily forested area. From there...the tornado continued northeast crossing Riderwood Drive where numerous trees were snapped or uprooted. The damage path was at its widest along Riderwood Drive...approximately one half mile. The damage path then narrowed and the tornado lifted before reaching Alabama Highway 10.

Mobile County 1 W Mertz 25 1654CST 1 NE Magazine 1705CST 5.15 200 0 0 1.35M 0.00K Tornado (EF2)

The initial tornado touchdown was located near Dauphin Island Parkway...Duval Street and Halls Mill Road...where it initially moved northwestward. The tornado continued northward to near the intersections of Holcomb Avenue...Government Street and Dauphin Island Parkway where it produced damage consistent with an EF-1 tornado...damaging several commercial retailers. The tornado continued northward...damaging homes and producing roof damage to numerous homes. It then reached Murphy High School...where it destroyed several out-buildings...blew out windows and produced significant roof damage to the high school. From here...The tornado tracked northward to Dauphin Street where it strengthened and widened to 200 yards producing damage consistent with an EF-2 tornado to several homes. Also significantly damaged was the Trinity Episcopal Church on Dauphin Street. The tornado then moved into the Silverwood Street area where it produced EF-1 damage and sporadic EF-2 damage to several homes. The tornado next tracked north northeast across the Mobile Infirmary Hospital ...where it blew out several windows and damaged several automobiles...as well as flipping one automobile. The tornado continued tracking northeastward across interstate 165 moving into the Prichard area where it produced damage to the roofs of several homes...as well as snapping several trees. The tornado continued across Telegraph Road where it tossed several large shipping containers and damaged a warehouse facility before dissipating on Jakes Lane in Prichard.

12 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALABAMA, Southwest

Severe damage to homes on Dauphin Street in Mid-Town Mobile from an EF-2 tornado that occurred around 5 PM on Christmas Day, 2013. Washington County 2 S Deer Park 25 1753CST 1801CST 2.18 110 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The tornado touched down two miles south southwest of Deer Park. The tornado widened to 110 yards as it passed just south of a few houses. Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted at the widest point. The tornado continued to highway 45 and dissipated.

Clarke County 4 SE Winn 25 1800CST 10 NNE Chance 1840CST 29.65 150 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF2)

The tornado touched down on Todd Town Road seven miles north of Jackson. It then moved northeast where it destroyed a farm out building then crossed Highway 43 approximately six miles southwest of Grove Hill. After it crossed...the tornado was at its widest and caused extensive damage to farm equipment...including a destroyed grain bin. Many large trees were uprooted in this area with minor structural damage to several homes as well. It continued northeast uprooting large trees as it crossed Highway 84...two miles southeast of Grove Hill. The tornado then weakened as the thunderstorm core collapsed...causing a microburst which resulted in a half mile wide damage swath on Nettlesboro Road...13 miles northeast of Grove Hill. The tornado then reformed before exiting northeast Clarke County...moving into southwest Wilcox County. The tornado uprooted trees along the way before dissipating 12 miles southwest of Camden.

13 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALABAMA, Southwest Clarke County 3 S Grove Hill 25 1915CST 1917CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Mobile County 4 NW Piercie 25 1922CST 3 ENE Wilmer 1927CST 6.65 100 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

Tornado touched down at the intersection of Findley Road and Natchez Highway where it flipped over a tractor trailer semi rig...produced minor damage to one manufactured home...destroyed a second manufactured home...and damaged the roof of a frame house. The tornado continued northeast passing just southeast of Wilmer... damaging a nursery with several destroyed greenhouses...and snapping several trees before crossing Highway 98. The tornado lifted just east of Glenwood Road.

Mobile County Semmes 25 1940CST 1942CST 0 0 4.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

Winds estimated at 70 mph downed several trees. Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph. Escambia County Freemanville 25 2035CST 2037CST 0 0 50.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (70EG)

Winds estimated at 60 mph caused damage near Fast Lane Gas Station on Jack Springs Road 1/2 mile south of Exit 54 and I- 65. The strong winds overturned 18 wheelers. Also a house behind gas station was on fire.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 70 knots is equivalent to 81 mph. Butler County 2 NE Georgiana 25 2108CST 2110CST 1 0 35.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

Winds estimated at 70 mph blew a large pine tree into a house...seriously injured him. The man later died at the hospital the next day. M?PH Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph. Butler County 8 NE Georgiana 25 2130CST 2132CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

Winds estimated at 70 mph downed several trees and power lines along County Road 24 and County Road 45.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph. Butler County 1 E Greenville 25 2138CST 2140CST 0 0 15.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

Winds estimated at 70 mph caused a modular home porch to be blown off and roof peeled off. Several trees and power lines were also downed in the area. Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph. Butler County 1 NE Greenville 25 2138CST 2140CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

Winds estimated at 70 mph destroyed a barn.

14 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALABAMA, Southwest

A powerful storm system moved out of the plains on Christmas, producing numerous strong storms across southeast Mississippi, southwest Alabama, and the western Florida panhandle out ahead of a strong cold front and accompanying squall line. Multiple tornadoes, some long track, were observed along the central gulf coast region. Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph.

ALASKA, Northern

AKZ221 Western Tanana Valley Western Yukon Valley 11 2200AKS 13 1500AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

AKZ222-223 Deltana and Tanana - Middle Tanana Valley 12 0100AKS 13 0900AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A 980 mb low in the southern Bering Sea at 0900AKST on the 12th weakened to 985 as it moved into the Central Interior on the 13th. A strong west to southwest flow aloft transported significant amounts of moisture across the central portions of the interior, with the highest amounts in the Fairbanks area. Zone 216: Eight to ten inches of snow was received. The Co-operative Observer at Ruby reported 8 inches of snow on the morning of the 13th, and an unofficial report at Galena stated 8 to 10 inches had fallen during the same time. Zone 221: Approximately 11 inches of snow was received at Nenana, as reported by a Storm Spotter. Zone 222: Snow began in the Fairbanks area in the early morning hours of the 12th and continued until around 1500AKST on the 13th. The snow fell heavily at times, especially during the evening hours on the 12th and again during the early morning hours on the 13th. Storm totals ranged from 9 to 14 inches. A total of 11.9 inches of snow was observed at the Fairbanks International Airport. A total of 9.5 inches was observed on the 12th. This amount set a new daily snowfall record for December 12th. The previous record was 5.7 inches which was set in 1972. Area schools were canceled on the 13th due to heavy snow and difficult driving conditions. Zone 223: The Co-operative Observer on the Salcha River at 25 mile reported 8 inches of snow in the 24 hours ending at 0900AKST on the 13th.

AKZ213 St Lawrence Island Bering Strait 16 2016AKS 17 0756AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A 989 mb low tracked northeast across the north Bering Sea on the 16th and 17th. Visibilities were reduced to one-quarter mile or less at Gambell and Savoonga late on the 16th through mid-morning of the 17th.

21 0016AKS 0658AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Strong southeast winds occurred over Saint Lawrence Island and the Bering Strait Coast during the early morning of the 21st as a weather front associated with a low over Far East Russia moved east across the Bering Sea. High Winds were reported at Wales, where the AWSS reported wind gusts as high as 63 kts (74 mph) and at Savoonga, where the AWOS reported wind gusts as high as 56 kts (64 mph).

29 1258AKS 31 1655AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

AKZ207 Chukchi Sea Coast 30 1656AKS 31 0116AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A storm moving from the western Gulf of Alaska to Bristol Bay while high pressure remained stationary over Russia caused increased winds and blizzard conditions over far western Alaska at the end of December.

15 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALASKA, Northern

Zone 207: At the Point Hope AWOS, northeast winds gusted to 56 kts (64 mph) during the night of the 30th. Zone 213: Blizzard and near-blizzard conditions occurred at times during these two days at Wales, Gambell and Tin City.

ALASKA, Southeast

AKZ021-024-026 Astern Baranof Island and Southern Admiralty Island - Eastern Chichagof Island - Inner Channels from Kupreanof Island to Etolin Island 01 1200AKS 02 1600AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Arctic high pressure had become established over the southern Yukon. The arctic front was over Juneau on the evening of 11/30 and moved south over the southern Panhandle through 12/1. Petersburg got around 11.2 inches of snow by noon on 12/2.

AKZ017-019-025> Cape Fairweather to Cape Suckling Coastal Area - Glacier Bay - Haines Borough and Lynn Canal - Inner 026 Channels from Kupreanof Island to Etolin Island - Juneau Borough and Northern Admiralty Island

08 1200AKS 09 0600AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

On 12/7 the arctic front was over Northern Lynn Canal with high pressure over the northern Yukon into eastern B.C. This northern high build on 12/8 as a copious amount of moisture moved up from the south associated with a storm south of Dutch Harbor. The air masses collided on the afternoon of 12/8 bring heavy snowfall to the northern Panhandle. The heavier snowfall amounts were from 5 to 9 inches during the early morning hours on 12/9. Most areas had rain later that day making snow management difficult.

AKZ019 Haines Borough and Lynn Canal 14 1353AKS 15 0500AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A 969 MB storm center moved into the eastern Gulf of Alaska on the afternoon of 12/14 which was the beginning of quite a pattern change for SE Alaska. This system pumped warm moist air over trapped cold air that remained over the Chilkat Highway at the Canadian Border NW of Haines. Although Downtown Haines did not get much snow, Haines Customs got a dump of 17 inches by 0700 on the morning of 12/15.

AKZ018 Taiya Inlet and Klondike Highway 19 0054AKS 20 1600AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

19 0900AKS 20 1600AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

AKZ025 Juneau Borough and Northern Admiralty Island 19 1849AKS 21 0900AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong low moved toward Vancouver Island on the afternoon on the afternoon of 12/19 while high pressure was in place over the central interior of AK. This set up hurricane force wind though White Pass and the Klondike Highway while warm moist air moved overhead for snow to fall. Blowing and drifting snow caused problems on the highway for three days. Frequent visibility was below 1/4 mile for white out conditions. Wind chill reached 50 below zero. Fortunately, there were no casualties. This same weather pattern caused high winds for Downtown Skagway early on and for Downtown Juneau and Douglas Island.

16 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALASKA, Southern AKZ125-195 Pribilof Islands - Western Prince William Sound & Kenai Mountains

07 1800AKS 08 1700AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

AKZ155-161-187 Bristol Bay - Central Aleutians - Kuskokwim Delta 08 0145AKS 1700AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A large intense North Pacific storm moved across the Eastern Aleutians and Alaska Peninsula December 8th. This storm spread snow along with strong wind across the Central Aleutians to the Pribilof Islands and the Bristol Bay and Kuskokwim Delta areas resulting in blizzard conditions. The storm also resulted in strong wind and snow through Portage Valley and eastern Turnagain Arm that resulted in blizzard conditions.

AKZ131-181 Alaska Peninsula - Northeastern Prince William Sound 18 0115AKS 2230AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

AKZ171 Kodiak Peninsula 18 1700AKS 2100AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A strong low in the Gulf of Alaska produced snow and strong wind across Kodiak Island and strong wind through channeled terrain along the Alaska Peninsula.

AKZ111-131-135 Matanuska Valley - Northeastern Prince William Sound - Southeastern Prince William Sound

20 0900AKS 21 1730AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Strong deep cold air over interior Alaska coupled with low pressure in the Gulf of Alaska produced the typical strong gap winds through the mountain passes and channeled terrain of the Chugach Mountains. The wind peaked at 97 mph during this event.

AKZ121 Kenai Peninsula 22 0500AKS 26 0000AKS 0 0 157.0K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Four-days of heavy snowfall left several feet of snow in the Seldovia/Homer/Anchor Point, Alaska area resulting in widespread power outages in the communities and two sunken fishing vessels. The snow initially began early Saturday, December 22nd, as a large convective band setup across the southern Kenai Peninsula. The band remained nearly stationary through Sunday night/early Monday. NOAA Kasitsna Bay Laboratory reported two-feet of snowfall by Saturday afternoon, followed by an additional 30 from Saturday afternoon through Sunday afternoon. While the convective band ceased by Monday, heavy snow continued through Christmas Eve (Monday) and Christmas Day (Tuesday) as a trough moved into the area from the west. Measurements after Sunday were more difficult to obtain as much of the area was in panic mode dealing with power outages and broken snow removal equipment. Snow diminished rapidly Wednesday, December 26th, followed by light rain. Four to five feet of compacted (and rained on) snow was measured after the episode was over throughout the impacted area. Diesel and hydraulic fluid from the sunken fishing vessels closed several oyster farms in Jakolof Bay. The value of the fishing vessels, spill clean up, and oyster farm damages is presently unknown and not included in the property damage amount.

AKZ155 Kuskokwim Delta 26 1300AKS 1700AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A strong storm moved to the Bering Sea coast producing strong wind and snow with blowing snow. This resulted in blizzard conditions in the Kuskokwim Delta.

AKZ101-161 Anchorage Muni to Bird Creek - Bristol Bay 28 2230AKS 29 0300AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

17 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ALASKA, Southern

A strong storm moved to the west coast of Alaska. This storm produced the typical strong hillside and Turnagain Arm wind in the Anchorage area. This storm produced strong wind through the gaps in the Aleutian Mountains. Wind is estimated to have been around 70 to 80 mph through the mountain gaps.

AKZ101-125 Anchorage Muni to Bird Creek - Western Prince William Sound & Kenai Mountains

30 0345AKS 1200AKS 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Another in a series of strong storms moved into western Alaska producing the usual high wind across the Chugach Mountains along the Anchorage hillside.

AKZ125 Western Prince William Sound & Kenai Mountains 31 1945AKS 2100AKS 0 0 20.0K 0.00K High Wind

An intense storm moved toward the Alaska Peninsula. The strong gradient in advance of the front associated with this storm produced wind to 75 mph through Portage Valley. Strong wind also blew along the mountains and a strong gust, estimated around 50 mph near the top of the Alyeska ski resort caused damage to the tram. One person in the tram suffered minor injuries.

ARIZONA, Central and Northeast

AZZ015 Western Mogollon Rim 09 1830MST 10 0445MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong cold front move from north to south across northern Arizona. This brought high winds to the Peaks just north of Flagstaff. 13 1730MST 14 1700MST 0 0 60.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

AZZ016-017 Eastern Mogollon Rim - White Mountains 13 2000MST 14 1600MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A storm system approaching the Pacific Northwest Coast kicked a closed low off the southern California Coast across Arizona. This closed low brought heavy snow to portions of northern Arizona. The heaviest snow fell along and north of major east-west terrain features such as the Mogollon Rim and White Mountains due to strong orographic lift in the southwest flow.

AZZ015 Western Mogollon Rim 14 2230MST 15 1620MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A second storm in two days crossed Arizona with heavy snow in the high country. The storms moved across the area at night and over the weekend which make measuring the snowfall from each storm difficult. The following are two day totals in inches: Bellemont 20.5, Flagstaff Airport 20.3, Forest Lakes and 2 miles north of Parks 20, Munds Park 19, Kachina Village/Mountainaire 13-18, North Rim of the Grand Canyon 18, Clints Well 15, 12 miles north of Parks 13, Williams 8.2, Strawberry 12, Grand Canyon Village 7, 22 miles east of Payson 18, Tonto Village 11.5, 12 miles NNE of Payson 10, Star Valley 5, Payson 4 inches, mountains west and north of Prescott 6, 25 miles west of Seligman and Seligman 5 inches. A small ski hill sout-southwest of Williams reported 36 inches of new snow out of these two storms. Jacob Lake reprted 6 inches of snow.

AZZ004 Kaibab Plateau 24 0500MST 1800MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A cold front moving across northern Arizona along with efficient up slope winds brought heavy snow to the North Rim of the Grand Canyon and Kaibab Plateau.

18 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARIZONA, Central and Northeast AZZ015 Western Mogollon Rim 25 0900MST 1500MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Very strong northwest winds behind a cold front hit the Kachina Peaks just north of Flagstaff on Christmas day. The sensor was damaged in the wind event.

ARIZONA, South

AZZ510-511 Galiuro And Pinaleno Mountains - White Mountains Of Graham And Greenlee Counties

13 2200MST 14 1600MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A large area of low pressure produced widespread valley rain and mountain snowfall. Valley rainfall amounts were generally one half of an inch to one inch. Snowfall amounts ranged from 10 to 17 inches in the mountains to the north and east of Tucson.

AZZ508-513 Dragoon/mule/huachuca And Santa Rita Mountains - Eastern Cochise County Below 5000 Feet

31 0000MST 0900MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A winter storm produced snow at elevations above 3500 feet, especially in Santa Cruz and Cochise counties.

ARIZONA, Southwest

AZZ024 Southern Gila/Tonto Nf Foothills 31 0100MST 1200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A passing Pacific low pressure system led to locally heavy snowfall across portions of southern Gila county beginning around midnight and continuing through the late morning hours on Monday, December 31st. The system was relatively cold, as snow levels fell to below 4000 feet on Monday morning; by 4 am snow was accumulating in the Globe/Miami area. Several inches of snow fell south of Globe, leading to slick and snowpacked roads which caused hazardous winter driving conditions.

ARKANSAS, Central and North Central

ARZ040 Polk 01 0000CST 17 0900CST 0 0 Wildfire

The Raspberry Mountain Fire began in the Ouachita National Forest about 7.6 miles south-southwest of Big Fork in Polk County soon after midnight on November 26th. It was controlled on December 17th. Altogether, 873 acres burned.

ARZ003>007-012> Baxter - Boone - Clark - Cleburne - Conway - Faulkner - Fulton - Garland - Hot Spring - Independence - 016-021>024-030> Izard - Johnson - Logan - Marion - Montgomery - Newton - Perry - Pike - Polk - Pope - Saline - Scott - 033-037>043-052> Searcy - Sharp - Stone - Van Buren - White - Yell 054 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Drought conditions changed very little in December, with extreme drought lingering in much of western Arkansas.

Garland County 1 E Ozark Lithia 04 1104CST 0 0 120.00K 0.00K Lightning

Lightning struck a pine tree, then traveled to the ground, where the electrical charge forked. One fork went to a workshop, knocking out the power and melting the breakers in the breaker box. The other fork traveled to a downspout on a house and then up along the gutter on the front of the house. Beams holding up the porch roof were splintered but remained enough intact to support the roof. The lightning then traveled to the flashing on the roof, subsequently setting fire to the roof vents and the roof. Water ran into the house, ruining expensive wood flooring and damaging some furnishings.

19 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, Central and North Central Garland County 1 WSW Pettyview 04 1107CST 0 0 130.00K 0.00K Lightning

Lightning struck a large pine tree and then jumped to an adjacent house, setting it on fire. The house was a total loss, as was a motorcycle parked in front of the house.

Lightning set fire to a house, destroying the structure, late on the morning of December 4, 2012, in the Pettyview area of Garland County, AR. Photo by John Robinson, WCM, WFO Little Rock. Lonoke County 2 NNW Lonoke 04 1200CST 2 NNW Sisemore 1300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Street flooding occurred in Lonoke. Jefferson County 1 WSW White Hall 04 1245CST 1 SE Wilkins 1430CST 0 0 50.00K 0.00K Flood

Street flooding occurred in the Pine Bluff area. A cold front, accompanied by numerous thunderstorms, moved through Arkansas on the 4th. The storms brought very frequent lightning, with more than 11,000 cloud-to-ground lightning strikes recorded in the state, along with some locally heavy rain, some street flooding, and small hail.

Saline County Salem 09 0115CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Garland County 2 NNE Sunshine 09 0127CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Saline County Bryant 09 0130CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Garland County 2 SW (HOT)Hot Spgs Arpt 09 0137CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Golf ball size hail fell in the southwest part of Hot Springs.

Garland County Hot Spgs 09 0142CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.75)

On the 8th, a stalled front was situated west to east across the middle of Arkansas. Thunderstorms erupted near the front during the evening, and continued into the wee hours of the 9th. A few of the storms produced large hail.

20 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, Central and North Central Fulton County 2 ENE Gepp 09 1255CST 2 S Pickren Hall 1257CST 0 0 250.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (65EG)

One duplex lost its entire roof, several mobile homes were damaged, several outbuildings were damaged or destroyed, and highway signs were blown down. The area affected was so small that only about 100 electric customers lost service.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 65 knots is equivalent to 75 mph.

A severe thunderstorm tore the roof off a duplex during the early afternoon of December 9, 2012, between Gepp and Viola in Fulton County, AR. Photo by John Robinson, WCM, WFO Little Rock. Cleburne County 2 WSW Higden 09 1455CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Cleburne County Greers Ferry 09 1527CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Cleburne County Concord 09 1533CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Cleburne County Concord 09 1601CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Faulkner County Greenbrier 09 1602CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Several trees were blown down. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Montgomery County 2 S Mt Ida 09 1615CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Independence County Newark 09 1619CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Faulkner County Greenbrier 09 1624CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (0.75)

21 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, Central and North Central Independence County Newark 09 1638CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Jackson County Tuckerman 09 1655CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Garland County 1 S Euclid Hgts 09 1726CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Quarter size hail fell at the Arkansas State Police Troop K headquarters.

Garland County 1 NNW Red Oak 09 1729CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Nickel size hail fell at Carpenter Dam. White County 2 E El Paso 09 1733CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (0.88)

The arrival of a cold front sparked a round of thunderstorms on the afternoon of the 9th. A few storms became severe with large hail and damaging winds.

ARZ044 Pulaski 12 0545CST 0900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Freezing Fog

Freezing fog developed over the Arkansas River in central Arkansas on the morning of the 12th.

ARZ021 Johnson 13 2300CST 21 1400CST 0 0 Wildfire

The Stoney Point Fire (originally called the Stoner Point Fire) began on the evening of the 13th in the Ozark National Forest about 8.4 miles west-southwest of Ozone in Johnson County. The fire was controlled on the afternoon of the 21st after burning 200 acres. Woodruff County 1 WSW Riverside 15 1300CST 17 2200CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rainfall in early December caused the Cache River at Patterson to crest at 8.35 feet on December 16th.

Multiple heavy rain events in early December caused minor flooding along the Cache River at Patterson.

Logan County 1 W Chismville 19 2210CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.25)

Quarter to half dollar size hail fell. Logan County Caulksville 19 2220CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.25)

Logan County Caulksville 19 2220CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55MG) Note: The measured wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph.

Logan County 1 W Caulksville 19 2220CST 0 0 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

A spotter estimated wind gusts reached 65 mph. Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph.

22 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, Central and North Central Scott County Y City 19 2240CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Trees were blown down. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Scott County 1 SSE Green Ridge 19 2240CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Trees were blown down on Arkansas 80. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Johnson County Hagarville 19 2255CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

The roof of a house was damaged. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Yell County 1 SSW Ola 19 2330CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Trees were blown down. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Pike County Murfreesboro 20 0000CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A few trees were blown down in and around Murfreesboro. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Pike County Bowen 20 0009CST 0 0 100.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Three barns were destroyed and the roofs of two houses were damaged.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Perry County 4 S Perryville 20 0010CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Trees were blown down. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Perry County Nimrod 20 0010CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Trees were blown down. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Perry County 1 WNW Perryville 20 0010CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Trees were blown down. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Perry County 2 SE Perryville 20 0010CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Trees were blown down at Harris Brake Lake. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Garland County Royal 20 0025CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A few trees were blown down on county roads around Royal. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph.

23 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, Central and North Central Faulkner County 1 ENE Salem 20 0033CST 0 0 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A spotter estimated wind gusts at 60 mph. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Clark County Arkadelphia 20 0035CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Trees were blown down on Arkansas 8. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Clark County Joan 20 0050CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Trees were blown down in and around Joan. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Hot Spring County Donaldson 20 0055CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Trees were blown down in the area around Donaldson. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Grant County 3 W Sheridan 20 0125CST 0126CST 0.64 200 0 1 175.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

A double-wide mobile home was destroyed; the owner suffered minor injuries. The roof of a house was badly damaged. A couple of additional houses had minor roof damage, and one had a couple of windows blown out. Several shop buildings were damaged or destroyed. A camper was overturned. Trees and power lines were blown down. One of the trees fell on a carport, crushing a pickup truck and a car.

An EF1 tornado destroyed a mobile home about 2.5 miles west of Sheridan in Grant County, AR, during the wee hours of Dec. 20, 2012. The occupant suffered minor injuries. Photo by John Robinson, WCM, WFO Little Rock. Grant County 1 NW Sheridan 20 0128CST 1 WSW Junet 0139CST 0 0 150.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

In Sheridan, part of the roof was blown off at a consignment shop, the metal roof was blown off the Masonic Lodge, the roof was blown off an oil company, a carport and a garage collapsed, shingles were blown off many roofs, and trees and power lines were blown down. East of Sheridan, trees were blown down at a number of locations along U.S. 270.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph.

24 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, Central and North Central

Thunderstorm winds removed the metal roof from the Masonic Lodge at Sheridan in Grant County, AR, during the wee hours of Dec. 20, 2012. Photo by John Robinson, WCM, WFO Little Rock. Jefferson County White Hall 20 0145CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Trees were blown down. Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Jefferson County 1 S Eastwood 20 0146CST 3 NE Samples 0149CST 0 0 125.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (70EG)

A carport was torn off a house, another house had a small front porch blown off and some roof damage, and a few other houses had shingles taken off. Falling trees destroyed one car and damaged two others and also crushed a camping trailer. All of the aforementioned damage was near the intersection of Arkansas 365 and 104 in the Samples community. On the grounds of the Pine Bluff Arsenal, a number of trees were blown down or snapped off.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 70 knots is equivalent to 81 mph.

A tree knocked down by a severe thunderstorm crushed a car at Samples in Jefferson County, AR, during the wee hours of Dec. 20, 2012. Photo by John Robinson, WCM, WFO Little Rock.

25 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, Central and North Central Jefferson County 1 WNW Brewster 20 0153CST 0 0 30.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Half of a tree fell into a house. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Jefferson County 2 WNW Ellison 20 0200CST 0 0 20.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Trees and power lines were blown down. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Arkansas County 1 NW Casscoe 20 0240CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG) Trees were blown down at several locations between Casscoe and Preston Ferry.

Numerous thunderstorms developed in advance of a strong cold front on the evening of the 19th and continued into the wee hours of the 20th. Some of the storms became severe, producing damaging winds. There was one tornado as well. Just before the rain came to an end, winds brought in dust into Arkansas, causing a mud rain and dirtying thousands of cars. The dust was picked up by a dust storm in West Texas on the 19th. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph.

ARZ003>007-012> Arkansas - Baxter - Boone - Bradley - Calhoun - Clark - Cleburne - Cleveland - Conway - Dallas - Desha - 016-021>025-030> Drew - Faulkner - Fulton - Garland - Grant - Hot Spring - Independence - Izard - Jackson - Jefferson - 034-037>047-052> Johnson - Lincoln - Logan - Lonoke - Marion - Monroe - Montgomery - Newton - Ouachita - Perry - Pike - 057-062>069 Polk - Pope - Prairie - Pulaski - Saline - Scott - Searcy - Sharp - Stone - Van Buren - White - Woodruff - Yell

20 0330CST 0700CST 0 0 1.35M 0.00K Strong Wind

Unusually gusty winds occurred in Arkansas on the 20th, due to the pressure difference between low pressure to the northeast of the state and high pressure to the west. Most parts of the County Warning Area measured wind gusts of 35 to 45 mph. The strongest gusts were 55 mph at Sheridan (Grant Co.), and 50 mph at the Stuttgart airport (Prairie Co.), Stuttgart (Arkansas Co.), Flippin (Marion Co.), and Devils Knob (Johnson Co.). Trees and power lines were blown down.

ARZ022-030>033- Conway - Faulkner - Garland - Logan - Lonoke - Montgomery - Perry - Pike - Polk - Pope - Prairie - 037>046-052 Pulaski - Saline - Scott - White - Yell 25 0900CST 2200CST 1 0 99.5M 0.00K Winter Storm

The Christmas, 2012, Winter Storm brought heavy snow to much of Arkansas. Graphic by John Lewis, Senior Forecaster, WFO Little Rock.

26 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, Central and North Central ARZ021-047 Johnson - Monroe 25 1300CST 0300CST 0 0 200.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

ARZ016-023>025- Cleburne - Grant - Hot Spring - Independence - Jackson - Van Buren - Woodruff 034-054>055 25 1330CST 26 0300CST 0 0 10.5M 0.00K Winter Storm

ARZ056 Jefferson 25 1530CST 26 0500CST 0 0 100.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

ARZ012>015 Izard - Newton - Searcy - Stone 25 1600CST 26 0400CST 0 0 3.0M 0.00K Winter Storm

ARZ057 Arkansas 25 1700CST 26 0500CST 0 0 50.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

ARZ053 Clark 25 1730CST 2330CST 0 0 1.0M 0.00K Winter Storm

ARZ004-062-066> Calhoun - Cleveland - Dallas - Marion - Ouachita 067 25 1800CST 26 0300CST 0 0 400.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

ARZ006-007 Fulton - Sharp 25 1930CST 26 0500CST 0 0 700.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

ARZ003-005-064- Baxter - Boone - Bradley - Desha - Drew - Lincoln 068>069 25 1930CST 26 0500CST 0 0 350.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

Early on Christmas Day, a stationary front was located to the south of Arkansas. During the day, a low pressure center formed along the front, eventually tracking across southeast Arkansas on the evening of the 25th and on toward Middle Tennessee by midnight on the 26th. During the first part of the 25th, a cold rain fell over most of Arkansas. Then, colder air began spilling into the state to the north and west of the low pressure center's track. Over the northwestern half of Arkansas, a transition from rain to freezing rain, sleet, and some snow occurred during the afternoon, with a changeover to mostly snow by evening. Over the southeastern half of the state, the changeover occurred during the evening, with mostly snow occurring by midnight. Snow began tapering off from the west after midnight, and most of the snow had exited the state by midday on the 26th.

In parts of central and western Arkansas, 0.1 to 0.2 inch of freezing rain accrued before the changeover to snow.

The heaviest band of snow fell from the Ouachita Mountains in west central Arkansas through the central part of the state and then on toward northeastern Arkansas. In this band, snowfall accumulations of 10 to 15 inches were common. The largest snowfall totals reported were 18 inches on Petit Jean Mountain (Conway Co.) and at Perryville (Perry Co.), 17.5 inches at Perry (Perry Co.), and 15 inches at Jessieville (Garland Co.) and Union Valley (Perry Co.). Thunderstorms accompanied the snow in many areas. Commerce and transportation were severely affected. Snowfall totals tapered off both to the northwest and southeast of the heaviest band of snow. Parts of northwest Arkansas received less than 1 inch of snow. Likewise, totals were less than 1 inch over a large part of southeast Arkansas.

Strong winds accompanied the winter storm. Sustained winds of 20 to 30 mph were common, and gusts reached 35 to 45 mph in many areas. Near-blizzard conditions occurred in the northeast part of the County Warning Area.

27 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, Central and North Central

The combination of ice, snow, and wind caused massive power outages. Branches, limbs, and entire trees fell over onto power lines. In the County Warning Area, there were around 200,000 power outages. About 70% of electric customers in Little Rock lost power. Most of the power outages were repaired within a week; cable TV repairs took several days longer.

Trees and limbs also fell onto cars and houses. A 60-year-old man was killed in Benton (Saline Co.), when a very large tree crashed into a house. A crane had to be brought in to lift the tree off the victim. In Little Rock, the Public Works Department estimated it could take until summer to collect all the fallen debris, which amounted to about 22,000 tons.

President Barack Obama declared a federal disaster for Garland, Grant, Hot Spring, Lonoke, Perry, Pulaski, and Saline Counties. Numerous snowfall records were broken: New all-time calendar day snowfall records were set at Perry (Perry Co.) when 17.5 inches of snow broke the record of 10 inches set in 1944, Morrilton (Conway Co.) when 12.5 inches of snow broke the record of 9 inches set in 1944, and at Batesville Livestock Experiment Station (Independence Co.) when 11 inches of snow broke the record of 10 inches set in 2010. At Cabot 4SW, the snowfall of 10 inches tied the record of 10 inches set in 1988.

Monthly snowfall records were broken or tied at Perry (Perry Co.), Batesville Livestock Experiment Station (Independence Co.), Morrilton (Conway Co.), Mountain View (Stone Co.), Alum Fork (Saline Co.), Little Rock (Pulaski Co.), North Little Rock (Pulaski Co.), Cabot 4SW (Lonoke Co.), Gravelly 1ESE (Yell Co.), Pine Ridge (Montgomery Co.), Damascus 2NNE (Van Buren Co.), Evening Shade 1NNE (Sharp Co.), Greers Ferry Dam (Cleburne Co.), Little Rock Air Force Base (Pulaski Co.), Mena (Polk Co.), Parks (Scott Co.), Crystal Valley (Pulaski Co.), Langley (Pike Co.), Batesville Lock and Dam (Independence Co.), Big Fork 1SSE (Polk Co.), Glenwood (Pike Co.), Bonnerdale 4SSW (Hot Spring Co.), Ratcliff (Logan Co.), Augusta 2NW (Woodruff Co.), Clinton 6SE (Van Buren Co.), and Keo (Lonoke Co.).

The 10.3 inches of snow that fell at Little Rock made it the snowiest Christmas on record. It also made it one of the top ten calendar snowfalls ever recorded, as well as one of the top ten 24-hour snowfall amounts ever recorded.

Woodruff County 1 SW Riverside 31 1800CST 2359CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Flood

Multiple heavy rain events throughout the month of December dropped 5 to 6 inches of rain. In addition, a heavy snowstorm on Christmas Day dropped 6 inches of snowfall locally, with between 8 and 12 inches of snow upstream.

A series of heavy rainfall events in mid to late December and a heavy snowstorm on Christmas Day, caused the Cache River to have minor flooding.

ARKANSAS, East

ARZ008 Randolph 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K Drought

Near normal rainfall during the month of December kept drought conditions status quo across Eastern Arkansas. As a result...severe (D2) drought conditions continued across Randolph County.

Lawrence County 1 WSW Annieville 09 1530CST 1535CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.25)

Randolph County 2 SW Noland 09 1533CST 1534CST 0 0 25.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

Damaging straight line winds snapped a few cedar trees at the ground. A small metal hay barn had roof damage and a partially built home received roof damage. Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph. Lee County 1 WSW Marianna Lee Co Arpt 09 2052CST 2057CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.00)

An arctic front moved through the Mid-South and clashed with a moist and unstable airmass during the afternoon and evening of December 9, 2012. A line of showers and thunderstorms developed in advance of the front and produced isolated damaging winds and large hail across parts of Northeast Arkansas.

28 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, East ARZ009-018-026> Clay - Craighead - Cross - Greene - Lee - Mississippi - Poinsett - St. Francis 028-035-048>049 25 1900CST 26 0600CST 0 0 20.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

ARZ036-058 Crittenden - Phillips 25 1900CST 26 0600CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

ARZ008-017 Lawrence - Randolph 25 2155CST 26 0115CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A powerful upper level low pressure system tracked across the Mid-South into the Ohio Valley the night of December 25th, 2012 into the morning of December 26th, 2012. The system brought heavy snow and gusty winds to much of Eastern Arkansas. Blizzard conditions occurred with visibilities of less than a quarter mile and wind gusts of 35 mph or greater for several hours across Lawrence and Randolph Counties. Snow accumulations ranged from three to twelve inches across Eastern Arkansas, mainly northwest of a Wheatley to Blytheville line. The higher snow totals were result of thunder snow which occurred in a few snow bands across Northeast Arkansas. The strong winds knocked down trees and power lines. A few homes were damaged from fallen trees. Roads were hazardous and numerous accidents occurred as a result.

ARKANSAS, Northwest

ARZ001-010>011- Benton - Carroll - Crawford - Franklin - Madison - Sebastian - Washington 019>020-029 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Precipitation over northwestern Arkansas continued below normal during December 2012, ranging from about one and a half inches to around four inches locally. As a result of this continued dry weather, northwestern Arkansas remained in severe drought (D2) to extreme drought (D3) conditions through the month. Monetary damage estimates resulting from the drought were not available. Sebastian County Mill Creek 19 2125CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Strong thunderstorm wind damaged the awning of a gas station near Zero Street and Wheeler Avenue.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Sebastian County (FSM)Ft Smith Muni A 19 2129CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55MG)

The ASOS at the Fort Smith Regional Airport measured thunderstorm wind gusts to 63 mph.

Note: The measured wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph. Sebastian County 2 SSE Island 19 2146CST 3 ESE Riverdale 2149CST 3 650 0 0 400.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The tornado developed near Highway 96 north of Union Road where it damaged a permanent home and trees. It moved northeast uprooting or snapping numerous hardwood and softwood trees and damaging chicken houses and outbuildings. The tornado damaged the sides and roof of a fire station on County Road 68, tore the roof off a double wide mobile home north of County Road 68, then destroyed a double wide mobile home and tore the roofs off of three chicken houses before moving into a wooded area. Based on this damage, maximum estimated wind in the tornado was 100 to 110 mph.

Crawford County 1 S Mulberry 19 2156CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

29 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, Northwest Franklin County Branch 19 2216CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Franklin County 5 ESE Peter Pender 19 2219CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

A line of severe thunderstorms developed over eastern Oklahoma during the early evening hours of the 19th as a cold front moved into the region from the west. The thunderstorms moved rapidly eastward into Arkansas, producing damaging wind, large hail, and a tornado across west central Arkansas.

ARZ020-029 Franklin - Sebastian 25 1300CST 26 0000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A strong storm system translated from the Pacific Northwest across the Southern Rockies and into the Southern Plains from the 23rd through the 25th. Rain began across west central Arkansas during the early morning hours of the 25th as this system approached and then transitioned to light freezing rain and a little sleet. The precipitation changed over to snow during the early afternoon of the 25th and fell heavily for several hours before tapering off late in the evening. A swath of heavy snow from four to six inches occurred across west central Arkansas.

ARKANSAS, Southeast Ashley County Crossett 20 0245CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree limb knocked down part of a shed. A tree was blown down on Dunmore Loop and another blown down on Highway 425 South. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Chicot County 1 S Lake Vlg 20 0330CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Power lines were blown down in Lake Village. A powerful low pressure system and cold front moved over the ArkLaMiss region during the early morning hours of December 20th. This storm system caused a line of severe storms to cross the region producing thunderstorm widespread wind damage in the form of blown down trees, power lines, and structural damage. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. ARKANSAS, Southwest

ARZ050-059>060 Hempstead - Howard - Little River - Sevier 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

The month of December continued where November left off concerning the ongoing drought conditions across portions of Southwest Arkansas. This despite the fact that Southwest Arkansas saw a range between 2 and 5 inches during the month of December. The counties that continued to suffer through D2 Severe and D3 Extreme Drought conditions through the month of December were Howard, Little River and Sevier and Hempstead Counties. The following are a few selected cities across Southwest Arkansas with their December rainfall totals and departures from normal as well as their 2012 rainfall totals and departures from normal. Texarkana December rainfall was 4.46. The departure from normal was -0.59. Texarkana yearly rainfall was 32.07. The departure from normal was -17.58. Dequeen December rainfall was 3.83. The departure from normal was -0.53. Dequeen yearly rainfall was 28.52. The departure from normal was -20.47.

Sevier County 1 NW Horatio 19 2315CST 0 0 30.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (58EG)

A tree was downed on a house in Horatio, Arkansas. No injuries were reported.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 58 knots is equivalent to 67 mph.

30 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, Southwest Little River County Foreman 19 2320CST 0 0 60.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (60EG)

Structural damage was reported to several properties across the Foreman, Arkansas area. There were no reports of injuries.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 60 knots is equivalent to 69 mph. Sevier County 1 NW De Queen 19 2320CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (60EG)

Numerous trees and powerlines were downed throughout the entire county.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 60 knots is equivalent to 69 mph. Sevier County 1 E Ben Lomond 19 2330CST 0 0 20.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (60EG)

Wind damage was reported to the front porch of a home and the chimney of the same house.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 60 knots is equivalent to 69 mph. Little River County Ashdown 19 2335CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (59EG)

Numerous trees and powerlines were downed throughout the county.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 59 knots is equivalent to 68 mph. Miller County 2 NE Texarkana 19 2357CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (51MG)

A measured 59 mph gust was recorded at the KTXK ASOS on the airport.

Note: The measured wind gust of 51 knots is equivalent to 59 mph. Miller County 2 NE Texarkana 20 0000CST 0 0 100.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (51EG)

Roof or structural damage was reported to several homes in the Texarkana area.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 51 knots is equivalent to 59 mph. Hempstead County 1 E Hope 20 0020CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (58EG)

Trees and powerlines were downed through the entire county. Note: The estimated wind gust of 58 knots is equivalent to 67 mph. Hempstead County 3 E Spring Hill 20 0030CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (58EG)

Trees were downed on Hwy. 29 blocking traffic south of Hope, Arkansas.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 58 knots is equivalent to 67 mph. Nevada County 4 WNW Boughton 20 0030CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (58EG)

Trees were downed across Interstate 30 near mile marker 48 north of Prescott, Arkansas.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 58 knots is equivalent to 67 mph. Nevada County 3 NE Weaver 20 0035CST 0 0 70.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (67EG)

A mobile home was nearly destroyed due to damaging wind gusts. The home was located near Nevada County Road 246 just west of the Redland Community. Four individuals were in the home at the time but none sustained any injuries.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 67 knots is equivalent to 77 mph.

31 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, Southwest Lafayette County 1 S Stamps 20 0040CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (57EG)

A tree was downed onto a car in the Stamps community. No injuries were reported.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 57 knots is equivalent to 66 mph. Lafayette County 2 NW Canfield 20 0045CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (58EG)

Three trees were downed onto Hwy. 29 in the Canfield community.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 58 knots is equivalent to 67 mph. Lafayette County 4 N State Line 20 0050CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (57EG)

Numerous trees were downed near Hwy. 53 and Walker Creek. Note: The estimated wind gust of 57 knots is equivalent to 66 mph. Columbia County Mt Vernon 20 0055CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

A few trees were downed along Hwy. 344 near Mount Vernon. Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Columbia County 1 W Magnolia Muni Arpt 20 0105CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (57EG)

Several trees were downed across Hwy. 371 making the highway impassible.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 57 knots is equivalent to 66 mph. Union County 2 NNE El Dorado 20 0136CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50MG)

Measured wind gust from the ASOS in El Dorado, Arkansas. Note: The measured wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Union County 2 NNE El Dorado 20 0155CST 0 0 30.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (54EG)

Trees were downed around El Dorado including one tree on a home just north of town. There were no reports of injuries.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 54 knots is equivalent to 62 mph. Union County 1 NE Strong 20 0215CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Trees were downed in and around the town of Strong, Arkansas.

A very unstable airmass developed across the Four State region during the afternoon and evening hours of December 12th. A potent upper level storm system moved out of the Inter Mountain West and into the Southern Plains during the afternoon as well. A warm front moved north of the region allowing for dewpoint temperatures well into the 60s across the entire region. Shear was very strong ahead of this upper level storm system with nearly 70 knots of deep layer shear. The wind profile however was unidirectional which given the instability in place, provided the necessary ingredients for a squall line to develop. Storms originally developed across North Central Texas and Southern Oklahoma along a prefrontal surface trough. The broken line of storms increased in coverage and intensity with the squall line moving through the entire Four State Region during the late night hours of the 19th and early morning hours of the 20th. Wind damage was widespread across the entire Four State Region. Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph.

ARZ050-059>060 Hempstead - Howard - Little River - Sevier 25 1600CST 2300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

32 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ARKANSAS, Southwest

A deep upper level low pressure system that produced severe thunderstorms across the southern half of Northeast Texas into much of Northern Louisiana produced widespread rain across all of Southwest Arkansas during Christmas Day. However, much colder arctic air moved into the Middle Red River Valley during the late afternoon and evening hours of the 25th which allowed the rain to change over to snow very quickly. Accumulating snow was common across several counties in Southwest Arkansas. This heavy wet snow resulted in several trees downed along with powerlines which cut power to many locations across Southwest Arkansas. There were also several accidents reported from the accumulating snow on area roadways and bridges. The following were some snowfall accumulations across Southwest Arkansas: Foreman: 7.5 inches, Dequeen: 4.5 inches, 5 N of Nashville: 7 inches, Dierks: 5.5 inches, Athens and Umpire: 6 inches, Ozan: 5 inches.

ARZ061-070 Miller - Nevada 25 1600CST 2300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A deep upper level low pressure system that produced severe thunderstorms across the southern half of Northeast Texas into much of Northern Louisiana produced widespread rain across all of Southwest Arkansas during Christmas Day. However, much colder arctic air moved into the Middle Red River Valley during the late afternoon and evening hours of the 25th which allowed the rain to change over to snow very quickly. Lighter amounts of accumulating snow was reported across a few counties in Southwest Arkansas. This heavy wet snow resulted in a few minor traffic accidents due to snow accumulating on some roadways and overpasses. The following were some snowfall accumulations across Northeast Texas: 2 inches near Texarkana, 3 inches near Prescott.

CALIFORNIA, North Central

CAZ068-069 Mt Shasta/Western Plumas County - West Slope Northern Sierra Nevada

01 0000PST 02 1200PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

El Dorado County Shingle Spgs 01 0500PST 02 1500PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Several series of waves containing heavy rainfall hit northern California during a high impact atmospheric river event. The last series of waves that occurred Dec. 1st and Dec. 2nd dropped an additional 1-2 inches of rainfall in the motherlode region...on top of the 4-8 inches that had already fallen previously in the first series of waves. Grounds became overly saturated, which caused trees to collapse from saturated soils and heavy absorption of water. At approximately 8 am on Dec. 4th, one oak tree fell on a vehicle that was traveling 40 mph in a Ford F-150 pickup truck on westbound Green Valley Road, approaching Ponderosa Road, killing a 48 year old man after failing to avoid the falling oak tree. The other passenger in the back of the vehicle, a 10 year old boy, was unharmed.

Butte County 2 NW Big Bend 01 1100PST 02 2000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

A series of consecutive heavy rainfall events caused local flooding due to ground saturation and steep terrain. California Highway Patrol indicated that SR70 was closed from the Jarbo Gap area to Greenville along the Feather River due to extremely heavy rains and run off from the steep terrain. Damage was reported for the roadway and possibly to the bridge. Closure began at Big Bend Road on SR70 in area indicated.

Butte County 9 WSW Biggs 01 1500PST 2200PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

A series of consecutive heavy rainfall events caused creeks and streams to rise rapidly due to ground saturation. A spotter reported flooding in the Butte Sink area along the Butte and Colusa County border. Approximately 4 inches of water has accumulated over the Gridley Rd-Colusa Hwy roadway, which has closed the road.

CAZ014 Burney Basin/Eastern Shasta County 02 0000PST 0900PST 0 0 High Wind

33 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, North Central Shasta County 2 WNW Bella Vista 02 0600PST 1000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

A series of consecutive heavy rainfall events caused creeks and streams to rise rapidly due to ground saturation. Two to three feet of water was reported at the intersection of Highway 299 and Dry Creek Rd, as well as flooding farther northeast on Highway 299 from Montgomery Creek.

Sacramento County 2 NW Carmichael 02 0800PST 1 SSW Foothill Farms 1500PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

A series of consecutive heavy rainfall events caused creeks and streams to rise rapidly due to ground saturation. Reports of a trailer park flooded on Sunday due to rising creek levels along Arcade Creek. Winding Way (road) was reported as flooded in low lying areas as well. A warm atmospheric river event began early Wednesday, November 28th with an initial wave of rain and snow at higher elevations above 6500 ft. A second wave came through Thursday evening, November 29th through Friday, November 30th, bringing heavier rain and more snow to the highest elevations above 7000 ft. The third wave came through Saturday evening December 1st through Sunday, December 2nd, bringing periods of moderate to heavy rainfall, flooding from overly saturated grounds and high river/stream water levels, and snow above 7000 ft. Windy conditions persisted through the event, especially Wednesday through Saturday, causing trees and tree branches to fall down and localized power outages affecting approximately 10K people. Winds were reported to reach as high as 60-70 mph in the valley/foothill region, and over 100 mph in the mountains.

CAZ015 Northern Sacramento Valley 15 0700PST 1500PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

The first round of winter storms hit northern California Saturday, Dec. 15th and continued into Monday evening, Dec. 17th. Snow accumulations were 1/2 to 1 ft for the northern and Sierra mountains, with winds gusting up to 60mph for the mountains. Snow levels ranged 500-1500 ft for Shasta county and above 2000 ft for the Sierra. Heavy rainfall amounts were reported to be up to 1-3 in some areas. Some thunderstorms were reported with small hail in Butte county. This system was significant because it brought snow to the Northern Sacramento Valley.

CAZ013-063-068 Burney Basin/Eastern Shasta County - Mountains Southwest Shasta County to Northern Lake County - Mt Shasta/Western Plumas County - Shasta Lake/North Shasta County 20 1200PST 23 2000PST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

CAZ015 Northern Sacramento Valley 21 0600PST 1200PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

CAZ069 West Slope Northern Sierra Nevada 21 0700PST 23 2200PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

24 1100PST 1200PST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K Avalanche

A series of pacific storms tracked across Northern California Thursday through the weekend bringing periods of moderate to heavy snow in the mountains and gusty winds. Low snow levels brought snow as low as 500 ft before snow levels rose to 3000 to 4500 ft by the weekend. Significant rainfall was brought to the lower elevations. Winds gusted up to 40-55 mph in the Northern, Central, and Southern Sacramento Valley, as well as the northeast foothills and northern Sierra Mountains, on December 23rd. These winds caused an estimated 10,000 to 30,000 power outages, and also resulted in downed trees and tree branches. Power outages were located near the Redding vicinity, mountain valleys such as Quincy and Chester, near the Chico/Paradise/Oroville area, and also the Sacramento metropolitan. Two fatalities occurred with this episode: one fatality due to a fallen tree, and one fatality due to an avalanche. M49OU

CAZ013 Shasta Lake/North Shasta County 25 0600PST 26 1000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

34 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, North Central CAZ014-063-068 Burney Basin/Eastern Shasta County - Mountains Southwest Shasta County to Northern Lake County - Mt Shasta/Western Plumas County 25 0600PST 26 1000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

CAZ069 West Slope Northern Sierra Nevada 25 1200PST 26 1000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Another strong winter storm brought an additional 1/2 to over 2 feet of heavy snow to the mountains and gusty winds 40-50+ mph to the Sierra Nevada Christmas Day into the morning of December 26th. Rainfall amounts in lower elevations ranged from 0.50 inches to 2.25 inches.

CALIFORNIA, Northeast

CAZ070-073 Lassen/Eastern Plumas/Eastern Sierra - Mono - Surprise Valley

02 0100PST 1100PST 0 0 0.00K High Wind

Modoc County 5 S Ft Bidwell 02 0751PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood 1 ESE Cedarville Arpt Water washed over highway 1 between Cedarville and Fort Bidwell in multiple areas. In some areas, the water was over 20 feet wide. A spotter just northeast of Fort Bidwell reported 1 inch of rain between 0100PST and 0700PST, with 1.5 to 1.8 inches in 24 hours in Cedarville and Fort Bidwell.

El Dorado County 2 NW Fallen Leaf 02 0941PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Debris Flow The California Highway Patrol reported boulders on highway 89 near Emerald Bay State Park. An estimated 2 to 3 inches of precipitation was reported (SNOTEL/RAWS observations), mostly within the previous 12 hours.

Plumas County 1 ENE Graeagle 02 1100PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Debris Flow 1 NE Blairsden Mudslide on highway 70 between Blairsden and Portola. A 24-hr rainfall of 3.20 inches fell near Sloat through the morning of the 2nd. Plumas County 1 NW Chilcoot 02 1117PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Debris Flow The California Highway Patrol reported boulders the size of a motor cycle on Frenchman Lake Road.

A warm and moist flow off of the Pacific brought strong winds, heavy rain, and high elevation snow (mostly above 7000-7500 feet) in the Sierra on the 2nd and 3rd. A widespread 2 to 5 inches of precipitation fell over eastern California. The heavy rain brought localized areas of debris flows and flooded roads as well as minor flooding (little or no damage) along the Susan River in and near Susanville.

CAZ071 Lassen/Eastern Plumas/Eastern Sierra 21 1000PST 23 1600PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

CAZ072-073 Greater Lake Tahoe Area - Mono 21 1200PST 23 0200PST 0 0 0.00K Winter Storm

24 1045PST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K Avalanche Strong, cold low pressure remained over the northeast Pacific from the 21st through early on the 24th bringing heavy snow to eastern California. M53OU

25 1200PST 26 0800PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

35 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, Northeast CAZ073 Mono 25 1500PST 26 1700PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A cold and fast-moving system moved across the northern Pacific and into California on the 26th. The system brought a relatively quick period of heavy snow to the northern Sierra from the afternoon of the 25th through the morning of the 26th.

CALIFORNIA, Northwest

CAZ003-004 North Coast Interior - Upper Trinity River 19 1800PST 20 2200PST 0 0 Winter Storm

A winter storm dropped significant snowfall amounts over parts of Northwest California. This resulted in road closures and chain restrictions on the higher elevation roads.

CAZ004 Upper Trinity River 25 0300PST 0800PST 0 0 Winter Storm

A winter storm dropped significant snowfall amounts over parts of Northwest California. This resulted in chain restrictions on the higher elevation roads.

CALIFORNIA, South Central Fresno County 3 NNW (FCH) chandler Af 02 1451PST 1651PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The California Highway Patrol reported flooding on West Olive St.

Tulare County 1 ESE Tulare 02 1551PST 1751PST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Flood

The California Highway Patrol reported flooding on Albert Avenue at Wilma Street.

CAZ089>092 East Central San Joaquin Valley - Southeast San Joaquin Valley - Southwest San Joaquin Valley - West Central San Joaquin Valley 04 0000PST 1200PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

The third in the series of storms that began affecting central California in late November reached the Hanford warning/forecast area on December 2nd. Ahead of the storm, there were midday showers across the region in the warm, moist unstable airmass between the departing second storm and the approaching third system. These showers produced between a tenth and a third of an inch of rain on the San Joaquin Valley floor, except for the south end of the Valley which remain rain shadowed. Bakersfield only received 0.03 inch of rain on December 1st.

The final cold front stalled over northern California during the night of December 1st-2nd, as a wave developed along the front. The front began moving into the central California interior during the early afternoon of the 2nd. Although the cold front moved rapidly southward, it brought locally heavy rain to the region, causing some road flooding. In the Sierra Nevada foothills, the new rain fell on saturated soil, triggering a few rock and mud slides.

With persistent cloud cover and a warm airmass in place, both Bakersfield and Fresno set record high minimum temperature records on December 1st and again on the 2nd. The low at Fresno on the 2nd was 60 degrees, not only breaking the previous record high minimum temperature for the date by 7 degrees, but also tying the record high minimum temperature for the month of December, last set on December 23rd, 1964. Fresnos string continued into December 3rd for four consecutive days with record high minimum temperatures. Bakersfield just missed its record high minimum temperature on the 3rd by one degree, ending its string of consecutive record high minimum temperatures at three days.

In Yosemite National Park, officials reported that over five feet of new snow fell on Tuolumne Meadows from the series of storms. At the lower elevations, Yosemite Falls was rejuvenated by the persistent rains.

Please see the November, 2012 Storm Data report for more information about the individual storm events.

36 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, South Central

With abundant ground moisture, the stage was set for the development of Tule fog in the central and southern San Joaquin Valley. Fog formed during the evening hours of December 3rd near Hanford, Porterville, Tulare and Visalia. The fog spread westward to Naval Air Station Lemoore, where the visibility dropped to zero shortly after 10 PM. The fog then spread northward through the Fresno area by 4 AM on December 4th, and continued into Merced shortly thereafter. The fog lingered in many areas into the late morning before finally lifting.

CAZ090>092 East Central San Joaquin Valley - Southeast San Joaquin Valley - Southwest San Joaquin Valley

11 0000PST 2000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

CAZ093>097 Kern County Mountains - South Sierra Foothills - South Sierra Mountains - Tulare County Foothills - Tulare County Mountains 12 1600PST 13 0400PST 0 0 79.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

CAZ089>092 East Central San Joaquin Valley - Southeast San Joaquin Valley - Southwest San Joaquin Valley - West Central San Joaquin Valley 14 0300PST 0800PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Frost/Freeze

14 0400PST 1100PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

CAZ090 East Central San Joaquin Valley 14 0400PST 1100PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

A weak storm system moved through northern California during the night of December 4th, and moved south the next day bringing a few showers to Merced and Mariposa Counties by noon. Ahead of the storm, patchy dense fog developed in northern Kings County during the early morning hours of the 5th. This was a warm storm, and low temperatures on December 5th were again above normal. The low at the Fresno-Yosemite International Airport on the 5th was 52 degrees, tying the record high minimum temperature for the date. The low at Fresno the next day was even warmed, bottoming out at 55 degrees. This broke the old record high minimum temperature for the 6th by 3 degrees. For the seven days from November 30th through December 6th, Fresno broke or tied the record high minimum temperature on six days. In the wake of the storm of December 5th-6th, an upper-level ridge formed over the eastern Pacific. The circulation around the ridge set up a northwest flow aloft over California, bringing cooler temperatures. Cooler was a relative term, however, as temperatures were still above normal. The upper-level ridge also brought a stable environment to the central California interior. This triggered the development of night and morning fog over parts of the central and southern San Joaquin Valley on December 9th through the 11th. December 11th also saw the approach of the next Pacific storm system, which reached the central California interior that night. This storm brought up to 15 inches of new snow to the higher elevations of the Southern Sierra Nevada, and 3 inches of snow as far south as Frazier Park. Snow levels fell into the upper foothills in the cold airmass behind the front, dropping to around 3500 feet during the afternoon of the 12th. The storm moved east of the region during the morning of December 13th, leaving only a few showers over the Kern County deserts. Behind the departing trough, another east-Pacific upper- level ridge built into the state, bringing more fog to the central and southern San Joaquin Valley. The airmass was drier the next morning, and in the absence of fog, radiational cooling allowed lows in the central and southern San Joaquin Valley to drop into the upper 20s to around 30.

CAZ096 South Sierra Mountains 17 0400PST 18 0900PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

37 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, South Central CAZ089>092 East Central San Joaquin Valley - Southeast San Joaquin Valley - Southwest San Joaquin Valley - West Central San Joaquin Valley 19 0200PST 0900PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Frost/Freeze

20 0000PST 0900PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Frost/Freeze

CAZ090>092 East Central San Joaquin Valley - Southeast San Joaquin Valley - Southwest San Joaquin Valley

20 0000PST 0900PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Frost/Freeze

A warm airmass moved into California on December 17th, ahead of the next storm. Lows in the central and southern San Joaquin Valley were several degrees above normal. Fresnos low on the 17th was 52 degrees, tying the record high minimum temperature for the date. A potent winter storm reached the central California interior on December 18th. This storm brought strong winds to the region, with gusts to 37 mph in the central San Joaquin Valley and gusts to 64 mph in the Kern County deserts and 71 mph in the Kern County mountains. The strong gusts played havoc on traffic traversing Highway 14 at the south end of Tehachapi Pass, with two big rigs blown over during the afternoon of the 18th. The storm was relative dry, however, and snow accumulations were only 9 inches or less, mainly above the 6500 foot level. The relatively dry airmass allowed for strong cooling for the central and southern San Joaquin Valley once the winds subsided during the evening of December 18th. Temperatures fell into the mid to upper 20s in the coldest Valley locations, bringing the first significant freeze event to the central and southern San Joaquin Valley. Low temperatures the next morning were even colder by a few degrees, with the coldest spots dropping down to 21 degrees.

CAZ096-097 South Sierra Mountains - Tulare County Mountains 21 1400PST 24 0400PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

CAZ090>092 East Central San Joaquin Valley - Southeast San Joaquin Valley - Southwest San Joaquin Valley

25 0000PST 1100PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

CAZ096-097 South Sierra Mountains - Tulare County Mountains 25 1800PST 26 1600PST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

CAZ095 Kern County Mountains 26 0000PST 27 0150PST 0 0 50.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

The next storm consisted of two components. The first reached California on December 22nd, with only a brief pause in the precipitation before the second component arrived. This was a wet storm, and 3-day rainfall amounts north of Kern County ranged from a third of an inch to around an inch and a third, while the south end of the San Joaquin Valley remained rain- shadowed. In the Southern Sierra Nevada foothills, rainfall amounts approached 4 inches in the wettest locations, while up to 40 inches of snow fell in the high country of the Southern Sierra Nevada. The storm moved east of the region on December 24th. With abundant ground moisture and light winds, the stage was set for dense fog development Christmas morning. The fog subsequently gave way to a cold storm that arrived during the afternoon of December 25th, quickly spreading through the region. By daybreak on the 26th, up to 4 inches of snow had fallen on Walker Pass, and secondary roads near Tehachapi were closed due to snow. Precipitation continued through the day on the 26th, and persisted over the mountains into the next morning, with icy conditions reported on Grapevine during the morning of December 27th. New snow accumulations of up to 14 inches fell on the Southern Sierra Nevada, and up to 7 inches fell in the Tehachapi Mountains.

38 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, South Central

An upper-level short-wave ridge brought another round of dense fog to the central and southern San Joaquin Valley during the morning of December 28th. The ridge gave way to yet another storm, which reached the central California interior during the evening of the 28th and continued into December 29th. Behind the storm, a northwest flow developed over the San Joaquin Valley. Upslope clouds formed along the valley-facing slopes of the Kern County mountains, triggering isolated snow showers that persisted into the morning of December 30th.

An upper-level short-wave dropped into the central California interior late on December 31st. This short-wave triggered a few sprinkles over Merced County shortly before midnight. Otherwise, 2012 ended on a dry note across the Hanford warning/forecast area. 2012 was unseasonably warm with below normal precipitation. Bakersfield had 4.41 inches of rain, or 68.2 percent of its annual average of 6.47 inches. Fresno reported 9.97 inches of rain in 2012, for 86.7 percent of its normal of 11.50 inches.

Fresno had its warmest year on record, with an average temperature of 66.7 degrees, which was 2.3 degrees above the average annual temperature of 64.4 degrees. The last five months of the year ranked in the top 10 for each month. August and September 2012 were the warmest for those months on record, and August 2012 also was the 5th warmest month on record overall. Although Bakersfield was slightly warmer with an average temperature of 67.0 degrees, this was not enough to rank in the top 10 warmest years. The average annual temperature for Bakersfield is 65.2 degrees.

CALIFORNIA, Southeast

CAZ523 Western Mojave Desert 18 1729PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind A strong low pressure system brought isolated heavy snow to the southern Great Basin and isolated high winds to the Mojave Desert.

CAZ519 Eastern Sierra slopes of Inyo County 22 0630PST 2030PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A storm system brought isolated heavy snow to the Sierra Nevada.

CAZ523 Western Mojave Desert 24 0655PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind Another storm system followed shortly behind the previous one, bringing isolated high winds to the Mojave Desert.

CAZ519 Eastern Sierra slopes of Inyo County 25 2130PST 26 1000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Yet another in a series of Pacific storm systems brought isolated heavy snow to the Sierra Nevada.

CALIFORNIA, Southwest

CAZ042-043 Orange County Coastal Plain - San Diego County Coasts 01 0400PST 02 2000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Surf

A large west to northwest swell generated high surf on the 1st and 2nd, mainly along west-facing beaches of Orange and San Diego County. Surf heights peaked on the 1st and gradually decreased into the 3rd. Tidal swings of over 6 feet occurred between the highest morning high tides and lowest afternoon low tides. The highest surf occurred in San Diego County with heights averaging 5-8 feet and sets to 13 feet at times. No damage was observed, though the Ocean Beach Pier was closed for a time due to the high surf.

CAZ055-058-061 Coachella Valley - San Bernardino County Mountains - San Diego County Mountains

24 0230PST 1330PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

26 1200PST 1900PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

39 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, Southwest

A weak trough moved through southern California late on the 23rd into the morning of the 24th, providing another round of light to moderate precipitation, and strong winds in the mountains and desert slopes. Many locations gusted over 50 mph during the morning and early afternoon of the 24th. Another, deeper, trough dug south through the region and on the 26th into the morning of the 27th, bringing more strong, gusty winds to the mountains and desert slopes.

San Diego County 2 WNW Grantville 30 1200PST 2 S (MYF)Mntgmry Fld San 1400PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

National coverage of the Chargers/Raiders football game showed heavy rain and pea sized hail during pre-game warmups and the beginning of the first quarter. The heavy rain resulted in the flooding of a few seating areas in the stadium.

Flooded seats in Qualcomm Stadium due to heavy rain. Photo is a screen capture from a video courtesy of CBS sports. San Diego County Fallbrook 30 1300PST 1330PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Funnel Cloud

Public reported a funnel cloud over the city of Fallbrook from a thunderstorm nearby.

Funnel cloud spotted over Fallbrook from a thunderstorm in the area. Photo courtesy of Fallbrook resident, Tom Chester.

40 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, Southwest CAZ048 San Bernardino County Valley/The Inland Empire 31 0400PST 0600PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

A cold, upper-level trough dug south along the West Coast and closed off, before moving inland and stalling over southern California for the 29th and 30th. This system resulted in more precipitation, as well as scattered thunderstorms and a few waterspouts, including one off the coast of Oceanside. Dense fog also formed during the early morning of the 31st, resulting in a large accident involving 4 vehicles.

CALIFORNIA, Upper

CAZ085 Modoc County 01 1803PST 02 0503PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Another cold front brought high wind to portions of northern California east of the Cascades.

CAZ081 Central Siskiyou County 03 2010PST 04 2248PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Yet another incoming cold front brought high winds to portions of northern California.

CAZ081-083 Central Siskiyou County - North Central & Southeast Siskiyou County

16 1831PST 2050PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

After a lull in storm activity, a strong cold front brought high winds back to portions of northern California.

CAZ081 Central Siskiyou County 20 0010PST 1055PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

The stormy pattern continued as another cold front brought high winds to portions of northern California.

CAZ082 South Central Siskiyou County 20 0300PST 23 1620PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A long lasting winter storm occurred during this interval, caused by a series of closely spaced storms.

CAZ083-085 Modoc County - North Central & Southeast Siskiyou County 20 0303PST 1301PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

The stormy pattern continued as another cold front brought high winds to portions of northern California.

CAZ080-081 Central Siskiyou County - Western Siskiyou County 20 0800PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow 23

CAZ083 North Central & Southeast Siskiyou County 20 0900PST 23 1500PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

CAZ085 Modoc County 20 1730PST 21 0730PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

41 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, Upper CAZ083 North Central & Southeast Siskiyou County 21 0730PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow 22 23 0800PST 1620PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A long lasting winter storm occurred during this interval, caused by a series of closely spaced storms.

CAZ081 Central Siskiyou County 25 1240PST 1448PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

An incoming front brought a brief period of high winds to the Shasta Valley near Weed.

CALIFORNIA, West South Central

CAZ053-054 Los Angeles County Mountains Excluding the Santa Monica Range - Ventura County Mountains

19 0655PST 1455PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Strong northerly winds developed across the mountains of Ventura and Los Angeles counties. Wind gusts in excess of 60 MPH were reported in many areas with the strongest winds through the Interstate 5 corridor.

CALIFORNIA, Western Contra Costa County Orinda 02 0000PST 0 0 250.00K 0.00K Flood During heavy rainfall, a 24 inch culvert failed and collapsed, opening up a 20 foot sinkhole on Tarabrook Drive. One lane of traffic could still get by the sinkhole. The Orinda City Council declared a state of emergency due to this large sinkhole.

CAZ506 North Bay Interior Valleys 02 0215PST 0 0 15.0K 0.00K Strong Wind 02 0400PST 0 0 4.0K 0.00K High Wind 02 0400PST 0800PST 0 0 15.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

02 0445PST 0 0 50.0K 0.00K Strong Wind 02 0500PST 0 0 30.0K 0.00K Strong Wind 02 0600PST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K Strong Wind Sonoma County 1 N Santa Rosa Arpt 02 0634PST 0 0 0.10K 0.00K Flood Law Enforcement reported Roadway Flooding along Carriage Lane.

Marin County 1 W Pt Reyes Station 02 0643PST 0 0 0.10K 0.00K Flood Law enforcement reports minor flooding of roadways. Sonoma County 5 S Schellville Arpt 02 0703PST 0 0 0.10K 0.00K Flood Law Enforcement reports Highway flooding along Highway 37. Marin County 1 NW Burdell 02 0725PST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Flood Law enforcement reports roadway flooding on U.S. Highway 101 near San Antonio Road.

42 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, Western Marin County 1 W Carte Madera 02 0732PST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Flood Flooding of several roadways in the area reported by law enforcement.

Sonoma County 1 NW Petaluma 02 0741PST 0 0 0.10K 0.00K Flood Minor Flooding on Willow Brook observed. San Francisco County 2 NE Ocean View 02 0743PST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Flood Law enforcement reports flooding on U.S. Highway 101. Marin County 1 NNW San Anselmo 02 0750PST 0 0 15.00K 0.00K Flood Heavy rains produced flooding of the Ross Valley Sanitary District sewer system. A massive sewage spill ocurred in San Anselmo where 30,000 gallons of sewage spilled into Sleepy Hollow Creek.

Marin County 2 NNW Manor 02 0800PST 0 0 50.00K 0.00K Flood Flooding damaged White Hill Middle School and classes were cancelled on Monday December 3rd due to classrooms being flooded. Significant flooding occurred with the library and several other classrooms covered in mud. Two art classrooms and two seventh grade classrooms, as well as an administrative office and a staff room suffered water damage.

San Francisco County 3 NE San Francisco 02 0816PST 0 0 0.10K 0.00K Flood Law enforcement reports street flooding on 8th street.

CAZ506 North Bay Interior Valleys 02 0820PST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K Strong Wind Contra Costa County 1 SW Greenbrook 02 0856PST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Flood Law enforcement reported roadway flooding on Interstate 680 N at Sycamore Valley Road.

Santa Cruz County 3 ENE Mission Spgs 02 0900PST 0 0 100.00K 0.00K Debris Flow Heavy rain triggered a mud and landslide that lead to a washout of Vine Hill Road. The road was completely closed for 4 days for repairs. Marin County San Anselmo 02 0900PST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Flash Flood Water level reached 12.59 feet on San Anselmo Creek gauge. Gauge operators indicated that flooding begins above 11.1 feet on that gauge. Flooding was reported on nearby Sleepy Hollow Creek impacting lower floors of residences on Butterfield Road.

Sonoma County 1 W Petaluma Sky Rnch Ar 02 0900PST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Flash Flood The water level on Willow Brook at Penngrove park reached 61.9 feet. Water on the creek at this location goes out of its banks at 60.7 feet with minor flooding in Penngrove Park in Petaluma.

San Francisco County 2 NE San Francisco 02 0900PST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Flood The Church Street Muni station was shut down due to flooding, which resulted in a loss of service on the line from West Portal to the Embarcadero.

CAZ006 San Francisco 02 0900PST 0 0 15.0K 0.00K Strong Wind Sonoma County 2 SW Hilton 02 0907PST 0 0 0.10K 0.00K Flood Law Enforcement reports flooding leading to road closures at the intersection of Green Valley Road and State Route 116.

43 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, Western Sonoma County 1 W Petaluma Sky Rnch Ar 02 1000PST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Flash Flood The water level on Willow Brook at Penngrove park reached 62.1 feet. Water on the creek at this location goes out of its banks at 60.7 feet with minor flooding in Penngrove Park in Petaluma.

Santa Cruz County 3 ENE Mission Spgs 02 1101PST 0 0 15.00K 0.00K Flood Road washed out at Vine Hill Road near Highway 17 due to flooding.

Monterey County 1 N Posts 02 1412PST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Flash Flood The water level on the Big Sur River near Big Sur reached 10.42 feet. Flooding begins with levels above 10.0 feet with minor flash flooding in the Big Sur area.

CAZ506 North Bay Interior Valleys 05 0710PST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Strong Wind Sonoma County 3 NW Jenner 05 1330PST 0 0 15.00K 0.00K Debris Flow Highway 1 was closed north of Jenner due to a significant mud and rock slide blocking the lanes of the road.

A series of significant winter storms impacted the district during late November and early December 2012. The first storm arrived November 28 and then was followed by three more winter storms. Each brought strong and gusty winds, heavy rainfall, high surf, and flooding to the region. The second storm happened on the 1st and 2nd of the month, with the third and final storm on the 5th of December.

CAZ505 Coastal North Bay Including Point Reyes National Seashore 13 1100PST 1200PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Coastal Flood

The highest King Tides of the winter season impacted the Bay Area on December 13 and 14. Minor coastal flooding during the times of high tide was observed at many areas with some minor damage reported.

San Mateo County (SFO)Sfo Intl Arpt 21 0000PST 2359PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

More than 100 flights were cancelled in and out of San Francisco International Airport (KSFO) due to the heavy rain and low clouds on one of the busiest travel days of the year. Passengers were delayed for an average of 3 hours because two runways were shut down.

Marin County 1 NNE Hamlet 21 1200PST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Flood Two motorists had to be rescued from waist deep water on Highway 1 where Walker Creek flooded the roadway near Tomales. The road was then closed due to high water. Santa Cruz County 3 S Ellicott 22 0659PST 0702PST 1.07 20 0 0 40.00K 500.00K Tornado (EF0)

EF-0 tornado moved onshore from Monterey Bay into coastal Santa Cruz County in the early morning of December 22. The tornado caused tree damage and significant damage to commercial greenhouse structures at a large farm. Broken fiberglass panels and bent metal frame poles were observed at the greenhouse with debris thrown several dozen yards south of the damage path into adjacent fields. the tornado caused additional minor damage to 4 adjacent greenhouse structures. Debris was wrapped around electric poles south of the damage path. The greenhouse operators indicated that they lost 25 percent of their lisianthus flower crop, over 3,000 Gerbea crop, and 40,000 square feet of greenhouse space. Minor tree damage was observed along San Andreas Road nearby. Damage path was 1.07 miles and 20 yards wide. Damage consistent with an EF-0 tornado estimated at 75 MPH.

CAZ512 Santa Cruz Mountains 22 0915PST 0 0 2.5K 0.00K Strong Wind

44 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, Western Sonoma County 1 S Schellville Arpt 22 1425PST 0 0 30.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

California Highway Patrol reported a two car accident during heavy rainfall in Napa County. At 2:25 PM on Saturday the 22nd of December, a car heading southbound on Highway 121 near the Viansa winery lost control on a curve, crossed the center line and was hit broadside by oncoming traffic. The driver was killed at the scene and the passenger sustained significant injuries and was airlifted. The driver of the car in oncoming traffic was also airlifted with significant injuries.

CAZ512 Santa Cruz Mountains 22 2200PST 0 0 6.0K 0.00K Strong Wind Sonoma County 1 SE Penngrove 23 0831PST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Flash Flood The gauge on Willow Brook at Penngrove Park reached a level of 60.9 feet. Flooding begins in Penngrove Park with water going out of its banks and flooding the park at 60.7 feet.

CAZ506 North Bay Interior Valleys 23 1000PST 0 0 2.5K 0.00K Strong Wind Sonoma County 2 W Annapolis 23 1100PST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Debris Flow Mudslides closed Annapolis Road for several hours, east of Highway 1.

Sonoma County 2 W Cotati 23 1100PST 0 0 40.00K 0.00K Flood During vigorous rain, Stony Point Road had to be closed in Coati. A 48 inch culvert underneath the road collapsed and left behind a 10 foot hole in the middle of Stony Point Road, in front of the Sports City Indoor Complex. Engineers planned emergency repairs to reopen the road by the end of the next day.

Sonoma County 1 SE Penngrove 23 1116PST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Flash Flood Willow Brook at Penngrove Park gauge reached 62.1 feet. At a level of 60.7 feet, water from the Brook goes out of the banks and flooding begins in Penngrove Park. Above 62.0 feet, Willow Brook will flood downstream of Penngrove Park as well.

Santa Cruz County 1 NNW Soquel 23 1121PST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Flash Flood Stream Gauge on Soquel Creek reported water levels on the creek had risen to 14.62 feet. Flooding on the Creek begins above 14.5 feet. Monterey County 5 SE Posts 23 1200PST 0 0 50.00K 0.00K Debris Flow A massive rock and mud slide near Partinigton Creek blocked US Highway 1 and a private road leading into a Partington Ridge neighborhood. 32 homes were isolated due to the rocks and mud blocking the roadway. Highway 1 was closed for 5 days due to the slide until one lane could be opened again. More than 40 stranded tourists slept in their cars Saturday night December 22nd as they had no way to get out of the area. Repairs took several weeks.

Santa Cruz County 8 N Aptos 23 1200PST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Debris Flow Highland Way in the Santa Cruz Mountains was blocked by a mudlside. The road was initially flooded due to heavy rain and then a mudslide ocurred shortly after. The slide blocked all traffic and closed the road. Public works estimated the road will be closed for one week.

Sonoma County Graton 23 1200PST 1220PST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Flood

A van full of people stalled in knee-deep water from Atascadero Creek on Graton Road. The people were stranded for 20 minutes before being rescued by fire crews.

CAZ506 North Bay Interior Valleys 23 1200PST 1500PST 0 0 8.5K 0.00K Strong Wind

45 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, Western Napa County 1 NE Yountville 23 1215PST 1415PST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Flood

Hopper Creek rose to the top of the bridge on Finnell Road, overflowed down Mulberry Street, and flooded the south end of Heather Street. Napa County 1 E Yountville 23 1215PST 1415PST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Flood

Washington Street was flooded on both sides of its intersection with California Drive for several hours early in the afternoon of December 23. The Napa Valley Wine train shortened its route due to water on the tracks.

Sonoma County 1 NNW Schellville Arpt 23 1300PST 1345PST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain flooded the intersection of Highways 12 and 121 in Schellville for about 45 minutes. Traffic was blocked and could not cross the intersection during this time.

CAZ506 North Bay Interior Valleys 23 1300PST 0 0 2.0K 0.00K Strong Wind Sonoma County 1 SE Penngrove 23 1446PST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Flash Flood The gauge on Willow Brook at Penngrove Park reached a level of 61.6 feet. Flooding begins in Penngrove Park with water going out of its banks and flooding the park at 60.7 feet. Santa Cruz County 1 S Mt Hermon 23 1500PST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Flash Flood The Big Trees gauge on the San Lorenzo River reached a level of 17.55 feet. Minor flooding in the area begins with levels above 17.0 feet at this location. Santa Clara County 1 SSW Palo Alto Arpt 23 1500PST 0 0 2.70M 0.00K Flood Heavy rain caused San Francisquito Creek to flood and briefly overtop a levee in East Palo Alto. Numerous other seeps and areas where water bubbled through the levee were also noted in the area. Homes on Verbena Drive nearest the levee were evacuated. Officials placed sandbags on top of the levees to temporarily strengthen the flood defenses.

Santa Cruz County 1 S Mt Hermon 23 1645PST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Flash Flood The Big Trees gauge on the San Lorenzo River reached 20.41 feet. Flooding on the river at this locations begins with levels above 17.0 feet. San Mateo County Pescadero 23 1715PST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Flash Flood Levels at the gauge on Pescadero Creek near Pescadero reached 12.86 feet. Minor flooding on the Creek at this location will begin with levels above 12.0 feet. Santa Cruz County 1 NNW Soquel 23 1715PST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Flash Flood Soquel Creek stream gauge near Soquel reported a water level of 15.04 feet. In this area, Flooding begins at 14.5 feet. This is the peak value of the flash flooding event. San Mateo County 36 SE Loma Mar 23 1730PST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Flash Flood The water level on Corralitos Creek gauge at Freedom reached 11.61 feet. At this location, minor flooding begins above 11.5 feet.

CAZ512-529 Northern Monterey Bay - Santa Cruz Mountains 23 1800PST 1815PST 0 0 17.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

46 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CALIFORNIA, Western Santa Cruz County 1 S Mt Hermon 23 1830PST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Flash Flood The water level on the San Lorenzo River at the Big Trees Gauge reached 18.65 feet. Minor flooding begins at this location at levels above 17.0 feet. San Mateo County Pescadero 23 1845PST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Flash Flood The water level on the Pescadero Creek at Pescadero gauge reached 14.56 feet. Flooding begins at this location at levels above 12.0 feet. This is the peak level of the flash flood event.

Santa Cruz County 2 WNW Felton 23 1900PST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Debris Flow Heavy rain caused a mudslide which blocked the southbound lanes of Felton Empire Road, near Bonny Doon.

San Mateo County Pescadero 23 1900PST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Flash Flood The water level on the Pescadero Creek at Pescadero gauge reached 14.47 feet. Minor flooding begins at levels above 12.0 feet at this location. Santa Cruz County Mt Hermon 23 1900PST 2200PST 0 0 2.50K 0.00K Flood

Evacuations to 50 homes in Felton on Sunday night. The San Lorenzo River flooded several streets, including Sylvan Way, River Road, Covered Bridge Road and Circle Road. Residents were able to return home around 11:00 PM that night.

Santa Cruz County 1 N Freedom 23 1915PST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Flash Flood The water levels on the Corralitos Creek at Freedom gauge reached 12.45 feet. Flooding begins at levels of 12.0 feet at this location. San Mateo County Pescadero 23 2015PST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Flash Flood The water level on the Pescadero Creek at Pescadero gauge reached 13.23 feet. At this location, flooding occurs with levels above 12.0 feet. A series of storm systems, part of a large Atmospheric River type of pattern, impacted the area during late December 2012. From the 21st through 26th of December, heavy rain, gusty winds, flooding, and mudslides occurred across the Bay Area in these consecutive events. Downed trees, powerlines, and flooded roadways impacted residents over the Christmas holiday season. The event included a tornado touchdown on the coast of Santa Cruz County which brought extensive damage to portions of a greenhouse and flower growing operations. These storms followed a series of significant storms in late November and early December.

CAZ505 Coastal North Bay Including Point Reyes National Seashore 28 1700PST 2 0 0.00K 0.00K Sneakerwave A large, long period swell impacted the California coastline for two days from December 28-29. A pair of fishermen were killed during the event from a sneaker wave which washed them off the rocks they were fishing on. M37IW, M9IW

COLORADO, Central and Northeast

COZ033>036-038> Boulder & Jefferson Counties below 6000 Feet/West Broomfield County - Central & east Adams & 040-044>045 Arapahoe Counties - Jefferson & West Douglas Counties above 6000 Feet/Gilpin/Clear Creek/Northeast Park Counties below 9000 Feet - Larimer & Boulder Counties between 6000 & 9000 Feet - Larimer County below 6000 Feet/Northwest Weld County - Morgan County - North Douglas County below 6000 Feet/Denver/West Adams & Arapahoe Counties/east Broomfield County - South & East Jackson/Larimer/North & Northeast Grand/Northwest Boulder Counties above 9000 Feet - South & Southeast Grand/West Central & Southwest Boulder/Gilpin/Clear Creek/Summit/North & West Park Counties above 9000 Feet 19 0000MST 1400MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

COZ048 Logan County 19 1000MST 1500MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

47 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

COLORADO, Central and Northeast

A storm system brought periods of moderate to heavy snow to parts of the North Central Mountains, Front Range Foothills, Urban Corridor with blizzard conditions developing over the parts of the Northeast Plains of Colorado. The combination of snow and wind reportedly reduced the visibilities to just a few hundred feet at times, and resulted in several road closures. Across eastern Elbert, Lincoln, Logan, Phillips, Sedgwick and Washington Counties, gusty northerly winds ranged from 35 to 55 mph producing extensive blowing and drifting snow, ranging from 1 to 4 feet in depth. Storm totals in those areas were difficult to measure but estimated to range from 3 to 5 inches.

Road closures included: Interstate 70, east of Aurora to the Kansas Stateline; U.S. Highway 24, from Limon to Colorado Springs; Colorado Highway 94 between Punkin Center and Enoch; U.S. Highway 40/287 between Limon and Kit Carson; Colorado Highway 71 from east of Fort Morgan to Limon; U.S. Highway 34 from Brush to Yuma.

In the mountain and foothills, the heaviest amounts generally occurred north of Interstate 70. Storm totals included: 13 inches at Estes Park, 12 inches at Genesee and Red Feather Lakes, 11 inches at Glen Haven; 10.5 inches at Livermore, 9 inches, 4 miles west-southwest of Eldorado Springs; 8.5 inches at Coal Creek Canyon and near Crescent Village; 8 inches near Evergreen, 7 inches at Drake and Bear Lake; with 6 inches at Eldora Ski Area, Idaho Springs, Grandby, Gross Reservoir and Nederland. Along the Urban Corridor and adjacent plains, lesser storm totals from 1 to 4 inches were observed.

COZ033-034 South & East Jackson/Larimer/North & Northeast Grand/Northwest Boulder Counties above 9000 Feet - South & Southeast Grand/West Central & Southwest Boulder/Gilpin/Clear Creek/Summit/North & West Park Counties above 9000 Feet 24 1400MST 25 1100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A storm system brought additional snowfall to the North Central Mountains of Colorado. Storm totals included 8 inches at Loveland Ski Area; with 6 inches at Dillon, Elliot Ridge SNOTEL, Hoosier Pass and Keystone Ski Area.

COLORADO, East Central

COZ090-091 Kit Carson County - Yuma County 19 1200MST 1600MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

COZ092 Cheyenne County 19 1400MST 1600MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A strong cold front moved through East Central Colorado during the early afternoon. Behind the front winds quickly strengthened, with a peak gust of 67 MPH measured at Cheyenne Wells. As snow began to fall shortly behind the front, the strong winds and blowing snow lead to visibilities of a quarter mile or less, with some locations reporting white-out conditions.

COLORADO, South Central and Southeast

COZ058-069>088 Alamosa Vicinity/Central San Luis Valley below 8500 Ft - Canon City Vicinity/Eastern Fremont County - Colorado Springs Vicinity/Southern El Paso County/Rampart Range below 7500 Ft - Del Norte Vicinity/Northern San Luis Valley below 8500 Ft - Eastern Lake County/Western Mosquito Range above 11000 Ft - Leadville Vicinity/Lake County below 11000 Ft - Northern El Paso County/Monument Ridge/Rampart Range below 7500 Ft - Northern Sangre De Cristo Mountains above 11000 Ft - Northern Sangre De Cristo Mountains between 8500 & 11000 Ft - Northwest Fremont County above 8500 Ft - Pikes Peak above 11000 Ft - Pueblo Vicinity/Pueblo County below 6300 Ft - Southern San Luis Valley - Southern Sangre De Cristo Mountains above 11000 Ft - Southern Sangre De Cristo Mountains between 7500 & 11000 Ft - Teller County/Rampart Range above 7500 Ft/Pikes Peak between 7500 & 11000 Ft - Trinidad Vicinity/Lower Huerfano River Basin & Western Las Animas County below 7500 Ft - Walsenburg Vicinity/Upper Huerfano River Basin below 7500 Ft - West/Central Fremont County below 8500 Ft - Westcliffe Vicinity/Wet Mountain Valley below 8500 Ft - Wet Mountains above 10000 Ft - Wet Mountains between 8500 and 10000 Ft 09 0200MST 1700MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A weather system moving south across the Colorado Rockies generated snow...heavy at times...to portions of southern Colorado. Some of the higher snow totals include: 4 to 5 inches near Rosita (Custer County)...Pueblo West (Pueblo County)...Woodland Park (Teller County)...Alamosa (Alamosa County)...Monument and Fountain (El Paso County...Walsenburg (Huerfano County) and Leadville (Lake County). Six to 8 inches of snow was measured in and near Trinidad (Las Animas County)...Divide (Teller County)...Colorado City...Beulah...Rye (Pueblo County)...Penrose (Fremont County) and Maysville (Chaffee County).

48 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

COLORADO, South Central and Southeast COZ068-073-075 Eastern San Juan Mountains above 10000 Ft - Northern Sangre De Cristo Mountains above 11000 Ft - Southern Sangre De Cristo Mountains above 11000 Ft 14 0300MST 15 2330MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A strong Pacific storm system produced generous amounts of snow...especially across the eastern San Juan mountains. Eight inches of snow was noted southwest of South Fork (Rio Grande County), and an impressive 42 inches of snow covered the summit of Wolf Creek Pass (Mineral County). Snow accumulations over 8 inches occurred over the higher elevations of the Sangre de Cristo mountains.

COZ060-066-068- Eastern San Juan Mountains above 10000 Ft - Eastern Sawatch Mountains above 11000 Ft - La Garita 084 Mountains above 10000 Ft - Northern El Paso County/Monument Ridge/Rampart Range below 7500 Ft

18 1500MST 19 1400MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A potent storm system generated snow...heavy at times...and gusty winds across portions of southern Colorado. Snow totals in excess of 8 inches occurred across the La Garita, eastern San Juan, and eastern Sawatch mountains. In addition, 5 to 7 inches of snow fell across and near the Wet Mountains, with an isolated 12-inch amount in Rye.

19 0500MST 1600MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A potent storm system and associated cold front produced snow...heavy at times...in combination with wind gusts to around 50 mph and near zero visibilites across northern El Paso County. Snow amounts up to 6 inches occurred with the blizzard conditions.

COZ060-068 Eastern San Juan Mountains above 10000 Ft - Eastern Sawatch Mountains above 11000 Ft

26 1200MST 27 0600MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A weather system brought snow to the Continental Divide. Accumulations were generally under 6 inches, but isolated amounts near one foot were noted near Monarch Pass (Chaffee County) and at the summit of Wolf Creek Pass (Mineral County).

COLORADO, West

COZ001>014-017> Animas River Basin - Central Colorado River Basin - Central Gunnison and Uncompahgre River Basin - 023 Central Yampa River Basin - Debeque to Silt Corridor - Elkhead and Park Mountains - Flattop Mountains - Four Corners/Upper Dolores River Basin - Gore and Elk Mountains/Central Mountain Valleys - Grand Valley - Grand and Battlement Mesas - Lower Yampa River Basin - Northwestern San Juan Mountains - Paradox Valley/Lower Dolores River Basin - Roan and Tavaputs Plateaus - San Juan River Basin - Southwestern San Juan Mountains - Uncompahgre Plateau and Dallas Divide - Upper Gunnison River Valley - Upper Yampa River Basin - West Elk and Sawatch Mountains 01 0000MST 31 2359MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

As western Colorado transitioned from fall to winter the storm track became more favorable for precipitation across the eastern Great Basin and northern Rockies, especially during the latter half of the month. Half of the climate reporting systems over western Colorado collected above normal precipitation for the first time in many months. The central and southern mountain ranges and adjacent valleys however continued to receive below normal precipitation through November. Overall the precipitation was not enough to ease drought conditions and little change was seen in the severe to extreme categories in place across western Colorado.

CONNECTICUT, Northeast

CTZ002>004 Hartford - Tolland - Windham 29 1400EST 30 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A rapidly intensifying low moved out of the mid-Atlantic, passing southeast of Southern New England. This spread heavy snow across much of Southern New England, resulting in six to twelve inches of snow across the area.

49 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

CONNECTICUT, Northwest CTZ001-013 Northern Litchfield - Southern Litchfield 26 1600EST 27 1200EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Low pressure organized on Christmas Day over the Deep South, producing widespread rain and severe weather across the Gulf Coast Region. As this storm lifted northward on Christmas Night, a secondary area of low pressure developed along the mid- Atlantic coastline. This secondary low become the dominant storm center and moved northeast towards Long Island. This storm then continued northeast across southeastern New England before lifting towards the Canadian Maritimes. Although precipitation began as snow on the afternoon of December 26th, warmer air moving in aloft allowed for the precipitation to change over to sleet and freezing rain across Northwestern Connecticut. Some valley areas even changed over to just a plain rain. Snowfall amounts ranged from 4 to 6 inches across the area. This storm resulted in very slow travel during the holiday season, especially on the evening of the 26th and morning on the 27th.

CTZ001-013 Northern Litchfield - Southern Litchfield 29 0730EST 30 0030EST 0 0 Winter Weather

On the heels of a bigger snowstorm, a light to moderate snowfall occurred across the region on Saturday, December 29th, 2012. An area of low pressure developed along the coast of North Carolina and moved northeastward off the Eastern Seaboard. Although the storm passed well to the south, an upper level disturbance associated with the storm allowed for light snow to occur throughout the day. With temperatures cold across the entire area, the precipitation remained entirely in the form of snow. Most areas across Northwestern Connecticut reported between 3 and 6 inches of snow, with an isolated higher report of 7.5 inches at Thomaston Dam.

CONNECTICUT, Southern

CTZ008 Northern New London 26 2300EST 27 0200EST 0 0 2.0K 0.00K High Wind

A deep area of low pressure approached from the southeast, and passed just south of Long Island. High winds from this Nor'Easter resulted in scattered damage.

CTZ005-009 Northern Fairfield - Southern Fairfield 29 1200EST 2100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

CTZ006>008-010> Northern Middlesex - Northern New Haven - Northern New London - Southern Middlesex - Southern New 012 Haven - Southern New London 29 1240EST 2315EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A complex low pressure system entering the Ohio Valley on December 28th transferred its energy to a secondary low along the North Carolina coast on the 29th. The secondary low intensifed into a nor'easter off the Mid Atlantic and New England coasts later on the 29th, and brought heavy snow to most of southern Connecticut.

DELAWARE

DEZ002>004 Delaware Beaches - Inland Sussex - Kent 21 0100EST 0500EST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

DEZ001 New Castle 21 0200EST 0500EST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K High Wind

21 0400EST 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Coastal Flood

50 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

DELAWARE New Castle County 1 WSW Glasgow 21 0530EST 1 W Milford Xrds 1220EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The heavy rain caused considerable flooding within Wilmington as well as in New Castle. In both locations, vehicles were stuck in high water and firefighters rescued stranded motorists. In Wilmington, the Southbridge area was impacted by the flooding the hardest. South Market Street (along the Christina River), South Herald Street, New Castle Avenue, South Walnut Street (along the Chrsitina River) were totally impassable. Elsewhere in the city, East 12th Street and Interstate 495 were also flooded. Most of the flooding was gone by the middle of the morning on the 21st. The Christina River at Coochs Bridge had moderate flooding and was above its 10.5 foot flood stage from 535 a.m. EST through 1136 a.m. EST on the 21st. It crested at 11.99 feet at 9 a.m. EST. The Red Clay Creek at Wooddale was above its 7 foot flood stage from 808 a.m. EST through 945 a.m. EST on the 21st. It crested at 7.11 feet at 845 a.m. EST. The Red Clay Creek at Stanton was above its 15 foot flood stage from 853 a.m. EST through 1217 p.m. EST on the 21st. It crested at 15.19 feet at 945 a.m. EST. Event precipitation totals included 2.45 inches in Newark, 1.64 inches in Newport, 1.44 inches at the Wilmington Airport and 1.43 inches in Middletown.

A deep low pressure system tracked across the Lower Great Lakes northeastward into the St. Lawrence Valley from the evening of the 20th into the daytime of the 21st. Its associated strong cold front swept eastward through the Mid Atlantic region and across Delaware during the early morning of the 21st. In addition, a secondary area of low pressure formed along the frontal boundary, west of Delaware Bay, and deepened rapidly. The approaching cold front and the deepening secondary low pressure produced a strong southeasterly flow over the region that resulted in peak southeast wind gusts ranging from 45 mph to 60 mph across the state during the early morning on the 21st. The wind damaged trees, tree limbs and knocked down power lines. Most of the reported downed trees were in New Castle County. Delmarva Power reported about 650 of its customers lost power, 500 of them were in New Castle County. Peak wind gusts included 60 mph at the New Castle County Airport, 48 mph in Georgetown (Sussex County) and 45 mph in Lewes (Sussex County) and Dover (Kent County). In addition, the significant southeast flow allowed water to pile up along the Delaware Coast and into Delaware Bay, producing minor to major coastal flooding at the time of high tide on the morning of the 21st. The magnitude of the tidal flooding increased northwestward through Delaware Bay into tidal sections of the Delaware River. Moderate to heavy rain fell across the state, with storm totals ranging between 1 to 3 inches. This rain resulted in minor to moderate flooding of creeks and rivers in Northern Delaware. The strong onshore flow contributed to higher high tides with minor tidal flooding occurring along the Delaware oceanfront. High tide at Breakwater Harbor (Sussex County) reached 6.67 feet above mean lower low water. Minor tidal flooding starts at 6.0 feet above mean lower low water. The southeasterly flow pushed water up the Delaware Bay and into the tidal portions of the Delaware River, causing major tidal flooding to occur at Reedy Point (New Castle County). High tide at Reedy Point reached 9.2 feet above mean lower low water. Major tidal flooding starts at 9.2 feet above mean lower low water. The high tide reached 9.47 feet above mean lower low water at Delaware City (New Castle County). There are no established flood categories for this site. Because of tidal effects from Chesapeake Bay which extended east through the Nanticoke River, the Woodland Ferry (in Sussex County) canceled operations on the 21st.

DEZ001>004 Delaware Beaches - Inland Sussex - Kent - New Castle 22 0900EST 1600EST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

Strong west winds followed in the wake of the departing low pressure system during the day on the 22nd in Delaware. Peak wind gusts averaged around 45 mph and knocked down additional weak trees, tree limbs and wires. Peak wind gusts included 48 mph in Lewes (Sussex County), 45 mph in Dewey Beach and Georgetown in Sussex County and the New Castle County Airport and 41 mph in Dover (Kent County). The strong winds were caused by the pressure difference between the departing intense low pressure system as moved northeast along the Saint Lawrence River and an approaching high pressure system from the Mississippi Valley.

DEZ004 Delaware Beaches 26 1600EST 1900EST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K High Wind

DEZ003 Inland Sussex 26 1600EST 2000EST 0 0 2.5K 0.00K Strong Wind

51 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

DELAWARE DEZ002 Kent 26 1800EST 2100EST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K High Wind

DEZ001 New Castle 26 2000EST 2300EST 0 0 2.5K 0.00K Strong Wind

An intense low pressure system brought strong to high northeast winds into Delaware during the late afternoon and evening of the 26th. The onshore flow also caused minor tidal flooding in Sussex County. The strongest winds appeared tied to gravity waves as they propagated northwest into the state and mainly affected parts of Kent and Sussex Counties. As the low pressure system moved into the state, the strong to high winds ceased. Weak trees, tree limbs and power lines were knocked down and scattered outages occurred. Peak wind gusts included 64 mph in Dover (Kent County), 59 mph in Lewes (Sussex County), 48 mph at the New Castle County Airport and 45 mph in Delaware City (New Castle County). The evening high tide at Breakwater Harbor reached 6.49 feet above mean lower low water. Minor tidal flooding starts at 6.0 feet above mean lower low water. The strong to high winds were caused by the pressure gradient (difference) between a low pressure syetem that passed across the southeast part of the state and a high pressure system over nearby New England and southeast Canada. The low itself moved from Texas on Christmas Day northeast into the Tennessee Valley on the 26th. A secondary low pressure system formed in the Carolinas on the 26th and became the main low. This low moved northeast and passed through southern Delaware on the evening of the 26th and across southeast New Jersey overnight on the 26th.

27 1000EST 1500EST 0 0 1.25K 0.00K Strong Wind

DEZ002>004 Delaware Beaches - Inland Sussex - Kent 27 1000EST 1500EST 0 0 3.75K 0.00K Strong Wind

The northwest flow behind the departing strong low pressure system produced strong winds across Delaware during the middle of the day on the 27th. Peak wind gusts averaged 45 to 50 mph and knocked down additional weakened trees, tree limbs and wires. Peak wind gusts included 48 mph at the New Castle County Airport, 46 mph in Lewes (Sussex County), 45 mph in Dover (Kent County) and 43 mph in Georgetown (Sussex County).

DEZ001 New Castle 29 1000EST 1300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure system that moved off the North Carolina coast dropped 1 to 2 inches of snow in northern New Castle County before the precipitation changed to rain during the early afternoon on the 29th. The snow began falling during the mid morning of the 29th and changed to rain in most places by 1 p.m. EST that day. Representative snowfall included 1.6 inches in Newark and Hockessin, 1.4 inches in Greenville and 0.4 inches in Wilmington. The snow was caused by a low pressure system that moved from the Texas coast on the morning of the 28th, to southern North Carolina on the morning of the 29th. From there it intensified as it move northeast and passed just east of Cape Hatteras on the afternoon of the 29th and south of Cape Cod on the evening of the 29th. Warmer air was able to move in and change the snow to rain. There was not a strong enough high pressure system to the north or much cold air in place at the start of precipitation to keep it as snow.

30 0900EST 1600EST 0 0 1.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

DEZ002>004 Delaware Beaches - Inland Sussex - Kent 30 0900EST 1600EST 0 0 4.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

52 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

DELAWARE

The same low pressure system that brought snow to northern Delaware on the 29th intensified rapidly as it moved northeast overnight and reached Nova Scotia on the morning of the 30th. At 7 a.m. EST the surface pressure had dropped to 964 millibars. The northwest circulation between the intense low pressure system and the approaching high pressure system in the lower Tennessee Valley produced strong winds across Delaware during the day on the 30th. Peak wind gusts averaged 45 to 50 mph and knocked down shallow rooted trees, weak tree limbs and wires and caused isolated power outages. The strong winds also forced the cancellation of four departures of the Cape May-Lewes Ferry. Peak wind gusts included 51 mph in Lewes (Sussex County), 49 mph in Talleyville (New Castle County), 46 mph in Dewey Beach (Sussex County), 45 mph in Dover (Kent County) and 43 mph at the New Castle County Airport. The combination of the intensification process of the low pressure system ceasing and the movement of the high pressure system closer to the state (and the low pressure system farther away) caused the strong winds to cease the afternoon of the 30th.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

DCZ001 District of Columbia 02 0437EST 0956EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

High pressure was moving off the Mid Atlantic coast overnight. Abundant low level moisture and light winds contributed to fog development across the region.

09 2352EST 10 0752EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

High pressure across most of the Northeast and Mid Atlantic led to the development of dense fog across the region. Light winds and saturated low levels aided in fog development.

FLORIDA, East Central Orange County 2 SE Lake Apopka 10 1626EST 2 WSW Plymouth 1634EST 4.18 50 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

A citizen videotaped a waterspout over Lake Apopka for several minutes as it moved northeast from near the center of the lake toward the northeast shore. A short time later, several citizens located a few miles northeast of the lake observed the waterspout move onshore and track across the rural Lake Apopka Restoration Area before dissipating.

Volusia County 1 S Hucomer 10 1725EST 1726EST 0.61 150 0 2 1.70M 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The tornado began at US Highway 1 in Edgewater and continued northeast through the Terra Mar Village Mobile Home Park to Alice Street and Jones Fish Camp Road, then moved onto the intracoastal river as a waterspout (see 1726 LST waterspout episode). A total of 62 homes were damaged (17 with minor damage and 45 with major damage), impacting carports, awnings, roofs, power poles and lines, and numerous trees. Over 100 trees (many very large) between the mobile home park and the intracoastal river were snapped near the ground or uprooted. Metal from the mobile homes were carried far downstream. The frame of a mobile home was wrapped several times around the base of a tree. The tornado produced high-end EF0 damage within the mobile home park, then strengthened to a high-end EF1 tornado with a widening damage swath along Jones Fish Camp Road and upon approach to the intracoastal waterway. There were two very minor injuries, both treated at the scene. Maximum winds estimated at 90-110 mph. A motorist travelling on US Highway 1 videotaped the tornado crossing the highway in front of him, with debris evident within the circulation as it reached the mobile home park. Several other citizens and a public safety official also witnessed the tornado. DI3 DOD4 EXP; DI3 DOD8 LB-EXP; DI27 DOD4 EXP; DI28 DOD4 EXP.

Volusia County 2 ENE Hucomer 10 1729EST 1730EST 0.09 20 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

The tornado which impacted Edgewater from 1725-1726 LST, continued northeast across the intracoastal waterway (1726- 1729 LST), then moved across the narrow barrier island at Bethune Beach as a small, weak tornado. Several power lines were downed by the tornado along Highway A1A and small debris from palm trees and shrubs were observed along the path. A citizen observed the tornado cross the barrier island, from the second story of his home just to the north. Maximum winds estimated at 55-65 mph.

53 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

FLORIDA, East Central St. Lucie County 5 WNW Ft Pierce Nelson Arp 10 2155EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Funnel Cloud

Multiple reports were received from the public of funnel clouds, west of Fort Pierce.

St. Lucie County 2 WNW Viking 10 2210EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Funnel Cloud

A public safety officer relayed multiple public reports of funnel clouds observed north of Fort Pierce.

Very moist southwest winds developed across east-central Florida well in advance of a cold front and associated upper level disturbance. Strong daytime heating, combined with moderate low-level wind shear, resulted in numerous strong storms, two of which produced tornadoes. The first tornado began as a waterspout over Lake Apoka, then crossed the northeast shore of the lake and remained on the ground for a short distance. Although the waterspout/tornado affected a rural area, several citizens witnessed the event. The second tornado impacted a mobile home park and adjacent wooded area in Edgewater, then became a waterspout as it crossed the intracoastal river, before moving across the barrier island as a tornado. Significant damage occurred at the mobile home park, with only minor damage on the barrier island. Several funnel clouds were also observed.

FLORIDA, Northeastern Alachua County 2 SSE Campville 10 1650EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down about 3 miles north of Hawthorne along County Road 219A.

Warm air advection brought unseasonably high temperatures near 80 degress across inland northeast Florida as a short wave trough was approaching from the Gulf of Mexico. Warm surface temperatures combined with cool temperatures aloft form the passing short wave trough and increased lift from the passing vorticity lobe enhanced thunderstorm development over inland northeast Florida during the afternoon and early evening over northeast Florida. As the storms approached the Florida Atlantic coast, low level helicity was increased due to the east coast sea breeze which was lingering near the coast due to prevailing low level southwest flow. As one storm over Flagler county approached the coast, a mesocylone intensified and a tornado warning was issued. A touchdown was never confirmed and post analysis indicates that perhaps a lingering low level inversion near the area from a marine stratus layer and dense fog earlier in the day prevented descent of the rear flank downdraft. Locally heavy rainfall of 1.38 inches was reported in 40 minutes about 3 miles SSW of Micanopy, while heavy rainfall was also reported in Newberry and Gainesville where storm total rainfall amounts of about 2.5 inches were reported. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Suwannee County 1 N Mercer 20 1815EST 1825EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees blown down west of Live Oak. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Hamilton County 1 S Jennings 20 1820EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down along County Road 141. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Hamilton County 3 ENE Marion 20 1825EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down along Highway 41 South, near Sweet Creek Mines.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Hamilton County 4 ENE Purvis Still 20 1840EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were downed on County Road 135. A pre-frontal squall line moved over the Suwannee River Vally during the evening. Instability was marginal, however low level winds and speed shear were very strong with the 850 mb jet 50-60 knots. A nose of higher instability moved inland from Apalachee Bay and coincided over the Suwannee River Valley, and these convective ingredients phased to produce scattered pockets of wind damage with discrete rotating cells during the evening. Trees were blown down across portions of Suwannee, Hamilton and Alachua counties during this evening. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

54 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

FLORIDA, Northeastern Columbia County 2 W Columbia 26 0840EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

About 50 trees and power lines were blown down at the intersection of Dairy Road and Mangham Way, southwest of Lake City. A tree limb was blown down and caused minor damage to a home near the above intersection. The cost of damage was unknown. A fast moving pre-frontal squall line with isolated thunderstorms moved across northeast Florida during the morning. Instability was limited, but a strong low level jet of 50-60 knots between 1-1.5 kft produced isolated wind damage in thunderstorm activity. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Alachua County 1 NW Wacahoota 29 0255EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Large trees and large tree limbs were blown down near the intersection of Williston and Wacahoota Roads in southern Gainesville. A warm front lifted northward over northeast Florida during the pre-dawn hours. Elevated instability combined with strong low level winds enhanced a storm that produced severe wind damage over Alachua county. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. FLORIDA, Northwest Washington County 2 SW Brock Crossroad 17 1142CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was blown down near Bonnett Pond Rd. Monetary damage was estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Washington County 2 NNW Chipley 17 1142CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A power line was blown down on Morris Street in Chipley. Monetary damage was estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Jackson County 1 N Greenwood 17 1155CST 0 0 1.50K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Two trees were blown down about one mile north of Greenwood. Monetary damage was estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Jackson County Alford 17 1155CST Sneads 1225CST 0 0 4.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Several trees were blown down across Jackson county. Monetary damage was estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Calhoun County Blountstown 17 1230CST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (45EG)

A single tree was blown down in the Blountstown with no other damage reported in Calhoun county.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 45 knots is equivalent to 52 mph. Gadsden County Quincy 17 1410EST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A few trees were blown down in Quincy. Monetary damage was estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Leon County Lake Jackson 17 1435EST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Numerous power outages in the Lake Jackson and Harbinwood areas were caused by downed trees and limbs. Monetary damage was estimated.

55 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

FLORIDA, Northwest

A strong trough of low pressure moved through the area, bringing with it a pre-frontal squall line. Although wind fields were strong, limited instability precluded a more widespread event. Scattered pockets of damaging winds occurred, and these were limited to tree and power line damage. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

Walton County 4 NNW Glendale 20 1100CST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was blown down across a road in northern Walton county. Monetary damage was estimated. Across the border in Geneva county, several trees were blown down. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Walton County 1 S Freeport 20 1147CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Multiple power lines were blown down in southern Walton county. Monetary damage was estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Bay County 4 W Allanton 20 1325CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Funnel Cloud

A funnel cloud was spotted near East Bay. Gadsden County Quincy 20 1548EST Havana 1600EST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A couple of trees were blown down from Quincy to Havana. Monetary damage was estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Jefferson County 1 W Nash 20 1700EST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Power lines were blown down on Brown Road. Monetary damage was estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Taylor County Perry 20 1742EST 0.01 10 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

The Perry police reported a brief tornado touchdown near the police station. No damage occurred.

Madison County 4 W Madison 20 1750EST 6 E Hanson 1815EST 0 0 4.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Scattered trees were blown down around the county, including near Madison. Monetary damage was estimated.

A strong upper level trough and cold front moved through the area. There was sufficient instability and shear for a few strong to severe thunderstorms across the area. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

Walton County 2 W Blue Mountain Beach 25 1447CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Funnel Cloud

A trained spotter videotaped a waterspout offshore that remained at least a funnel cloud as it moved over land. The spotter could not tell if it ever touched down over land, and no damage was reported.

Walton County 1 NW Alpine Heights 25 2335CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was blown down at the intersection of Kings Lake Road and Highway 90. A transformer was also blown in the area. Monetary damage was estimated. A strong upper level trough and cold front moved through the area. There was sufficient instability and shear for a few stronger thunderstorms across the area. However, the most severe weather remained just west of the area. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

56 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

FLORIDA, Southern Palm Beach County Jupiter Inlet Colony 11 2000EST 2 NNE Jupiter 12 0300EST 0 0 504.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

A nearly stationary line of thunderstorms caused very heavy rains to occur over the course of about seven hours in the town of Jupiter. Radar estimates and unofficial measurements were received of 6 to 10 inches of rain. Law enforcement and city/county officials reported 45 housing and business units receiving flooding, most of it minor. The thunderstorms ended around midnight Tuesday evening but the flooding of homes continued until early Wednesday morning. Flooding also occurred just south of Jupiter in Juno Beach, but this flooding was confined to roadways with no intrusion into structures.

A stationary pre-frontal trough was located along a line from near Naples in Southwest Florida to extreme northeast Palm Beach County which provided a convergence zone for the development of scattered showers and thunderstorms.

FLORIDA, West Central Pasco County Land O Lakes 10 1930EST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Lightning

Lightning struck a house in Land O Lakes, damaging the fuse box, as well as shattering a couple of windows. Damage was estimated as $1000 for 2 new windows and a new fuse box. Southwesterly winds ahead of an approaching cold front brought in a surge of moisture that fueled early evening thunderstorms. A lightning strike from one of these storms struck and damaged a house in Land O Lakes.

FLZ039-042-048> Citrus - Hernando - Levy - Pasco - Sumter 049 22 0500EST 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Frost/Freeze

A cold front very quickly pushed across the Florida peninsula early on the morning of the 21st, with a cool air mass filling in behind the front. Although the coldest temperatures would not be recorded until the morning of the 23rd, temperatures over the Nature Coast briefly dropped below freezing early on the morning of the 22nd. Inland Levy County recorded widespread areas with 3 hours of freezing temperatures. The coldest temperature reported was 27 degrees at the mesonet site Inglis 2W. Citrus County had several reports of temperatures dropping below freezing for up to 3 hours, mostly at inland locations. The coldest temperature reported was 30 degrees at the COOP station at Inverness 3 SE. Pasco County reported an isolated patch with temperatures falling to freezing for an hour or two. The coldest temperature reported was 32 degrees at the AWOS station at Zephyrhills.

FLZ039-051-055> Charlotte - Hardee - Highlands - Hillsborough - Levy - Manatee - Polk - Sarasota 057-060-062 23 0000EST 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Frost/Freeze

A cold front very quickly pushed across the Florida peninsula early on the morning of the 21st, with a cool air mass filling in behind the front. Temperatures briefly dropped below freezing on the morning of the 22nd, though colder and much more widespread temperatures were reported on the 23rd across west central and southwest Florida. No major crop damage was reported. Much of interior Levy County reported as many as 6 hours of freezing temperatures, with isolated spots reporting a couple hours of hard freeze conditions. The coldest temperature reported was 29 degrees at both the Bronson FAWN site and the COOP site near Chiefland. Much of interior Citrus County reported as many as 11 hours of freezing temperatures, with isolates spots recording up to 4 hours of hard freeze conditions. The coldest temperature reported was 25 degrees at the mesonet site 4 miles east of Chassahowitzka. Interior parts of Hernando County reported up to 9 hours of freezing temperatures. The coldest temperature reported was 28 degrees at the ASOS site at Brooksville. Much of Sumter County recorded up to 8.5 hours of freezing temperatures, with isolated spots reporting a couple hours of hard freeze conditions. The coldest temperature reported was 27 degrees at the FAWN site at Okahumpka.

Pasco County reported as many as 9 hours of freezing temperatures over the interior. The coldest temperature reported was 28 degrees at the AWOS site at Zephyrhills.

57 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

FLORIDA, West Central

Hillsborough County reported isolated spots with up to 8 hours of freezing temperatures, generally over interior regions. The coldest temperature reported was 29 degrees at a mesonet site 2 miles ESE of Bloomingdale.

Polk County reported isolated spots with up to 4 hours of freezing temperatures. The coldest temperature reported was 32 degrees at the AWOS site at Bartow. Manatee County reported isolated spots with 2 to 4 hours of freezing temperatures, generally over interior regions. The coldest temperature reported was 30 degrees at the COOP site near Fort Green.

Sarasota County reported isolated spots with as much as 8 hours of freezing temperatures, generally over interior regions. The coldest temperature reported was 29 degrees at the FAWN site at North Port.

Hardee County reported isolated spots with 1 to 2 hours of freezing temperatures. The coldest temperature reported was 31 degrees at the FAWN site at Ona. Highlands County reported isolated spots with 1 to 2 hours of freezing temperatures. The coldest temperature reported was 31 degrees at the RAWS site near Lake Wales. Charlotte County reported isolated spots with up to an hour of freezing temperatures, generally over interior regions. The coldest temperature reported was 32 degrees at the ASOS site at Punta Gorda.

GEORGIA, Lower Coffee County 5 E Relee 17 1428EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Numerous trees and power lines were blown down between Broxton and Highway 107.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Jeff Davis County Hazelhurst 17 1440EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Five large trees were blown down an blocking roadways. There were also numerous power lines blown down.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Appling County 4 SSW Baxley Muni Arpt 17 1442EST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (45EG)

A tree was blown down on a home near Bud Miles Road and J.R. Harper Road. The time of damage was based on radar, and the cost of damage was estimated for inclusion in StormData. The cost of damage is likely inaccurate.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 45 knots is equivalent to 52 mph. Appling County 1 S Baxley 17 1448EST 0 0 2.00K Thunderstorm Wind (45EG)

Trees were blown down along State Road 15 and U.S. Highway 1 near Baxley. The time of the event was based on radar. The cost of damage was estimated for inclusion in Storm Data and could be inaccurate.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 45 knots is equivalent to 52 mph. Wayne County 2 ENE Ross 17 1515EST 0 0 200.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down an damage was done to agricultural equipment. The cost of property loss was reported at $200,000.

A pre-frontal squall line interacted with marginal instability and strong unidirectional speed shear that produced scattered severe storms over southeast Georgia during the afternoon. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

58 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

GEORGIA, North and Central GAZ019 Floyd 03 1000EST 1752EST 0 0 4.25K 0.00K Wildfire

GAZ015 Lumpkin 04 1500EST 1900EST 0 0 2.0K 0.00K Wildfire

With the exception of early morning fog, above-normal temperatures and mainly dry conditions prevailed on the 3rd. A cold front began to push into the area on the 4th, bringing showers and isolated thunderstorms to the region.

Wheeler County 1 W Stuckey 17 1346EST 1348EST 0.36 75 0 0 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

A National Weather Service survey team found damage from an EF1 tornado with winds around 100 mph. Numerous trees had their tops sheared off along with hardwood trees snapped at their trunks. [12/17/12: Tornado #1, County #1-1, EF1, Wheeler, 2012:007].

Telfair County 1 SE Cook Still 17 1348EST 1350EST 1.05 15 0 0 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

A National Weather Service survey team found damage from an EF0 tornado in Telfair County. This tornado sheared off the tops of softwood trees and snapped off several large branches. [12/17/12: Tornado #2, County #1-1, EF0, Telfair, 2012:008].

Wheeler County 4 N Spring Hill 17 1349EST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (70EG)

A National Weather Service survey team determined that a thunderstorm downburst uprooted and snapped several trees. This downburst was most likely from a rear-flank downdraft associated with the brief EF1 tornado that occurred nearby.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 70 knots is equivalent to 81 mph.

A thunderstorm downburst, most likely associated with the rear flank downdraft from a nearby EF1 tornado, blew down these trees in Wheeler County.

59 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

GEORGIA, North and Central Wheeler County 4 N Spring Hill 17 1349EST 1350EST 0.32 75 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

A National Weather Service survey team found a second short-lived tornado in Wheeler County. This tornado was also classified as an EF1 tornado with winds around 100 mph. It caused some minor shingle damage to one structure, and about 50 trees were downed or had their tops sheared off. [12/17/12: Tornado #3, County #1-1, EF1, Wheeler, 2012:009].

A mid-level high over the Gulf brought moist, southwest flow to the area. Meanwhile a strong shortwave moved off the Rockies and into the Central Plains on the 16th, pushing a front toward the Southeast on the 17th. Widespread showers and a few thunderstorms developed ahead of the front across especially central Georgia on the afternoon of the 17th. Three weak tornadoes developed on the leading edge of the thunderstorms, causing mainly tree damage in Wheeler and Telfair Counties.

An EF1 tornado downed several trees in Wheeler County on December 17, 2012.

GEORGIA, Southeast Bulloch County 3 ESE Adabelle 17 1445EST 1446EST 0 0 2.25K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

The Bulloch County 911 Call Center reported a tree down on a power line along Highway 301 South.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Bulloch County 1 W Statesboro 17 1450EST 1451EST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

The Bulloch County 911 Call Center reported a tree down on Maple Street in Statesboro.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Liberty County 1 NE Camp Stewart 17 1525EST 1528EST 0 0 28.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (65EG)

The Liberty County Emergency Manager reported a roof blown off a structure and trees twisted and uprooted at Fort Stewart. Law enforcement reported power lines down on North Main Street and Harrison Drive and a large sign blown down onto a car along East Oglethorpe Highway. Tree debris were also reported on streets in Hinesville.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 65 knots is equivalent to 75 mph.

60 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

GEORGIA, Southeast Effingham County 2 NNW Faulkville 17 1528EST 1529EST 0 0 6.50K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (60EG)

The public reported several pine trees blown down on power lines along Route 17 near Roebling and Jabez Jones Roads.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 60 knots is equivalent to 69 mph. Effingham County 1 N Faulkville 17 1532EST 1533EST 0 0 8.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (60EG)

The public reported multiple trees blown down near the intersection of Atlanta Road and Daytona Drive. One tree fell on a house. Note: The estimated wind gust of 60 knots is equivalent to 69 mph. Chatham County 2 SW Bloomingdale 17 1535EST 1536EST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Savannah media reported a tree down on Little Neck Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Chatham County 2 ENE Burroughs 17 1548EST 1549EST 0 0 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Broadcast media reported traffic lights blown down at the intersection of King George Blvd and Highway 204.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Chatham County 1 W Fairway Oaks 17 1554EST 1555EST 0 0 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (62MG)

A 71 mph wind gust was recorded at Hunter Air Field. High shear characterized with 70 knots of bulk shear along with low surface based cape set up a high shear, low cape environment ahead of the trough over the southeastern United States. A distinct line of thunderstorms developed along a surface trough and became strong as the trough swept through the Southeast. Although there was a tornado watch issued for the entire forecast area, all reported damage was contributed to straight-line winds. Note: The measured wind gust of 62 knots is equivalent to 71 mph. GEORGIA, Southwest

GAZ120>128-130- Baker - Ben Hill - Calhoun - Clay - Colquitt - Decatur - Dougherty - Early - Grady - Lee - Miller - Mitchell 142>146-155>158 - Quitman - Randolph - Seminole - Terrell - Thomas - Turner - Worth 01 0000EST 31 2359EST 0 0 Drought

D2-D3 drought conditions affected portions of the counties listed through December and into January.

Mitchell County 1 W Cotton 17 1315EST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (45EG)

One tree was blown down on Highway west of Cotton with no other damage reported in the county.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 45 knots is equivalent to 52 mph. Decatur County 2 NNE Faceville 17 1345EST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down on Highway 97 South. Monetary damage was estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

61 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

GEORGIA, Southwest Berrien County Enigma 17 1402EST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down in the Enigma area. Monetary damage was estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Grady County 3 N Cairo 17 1402EST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down on Highway 93 North. Monetary damage was estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Thomas County 2 NE Thomasville 17 1416EST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Power lines were blown down on Jackson Street east of downtown Thomasville. Monetary damage was estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Brooks County Morven 17 1440EST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Power lines were blown down in Morven. Monetary damage was estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Cook County 2 ENE Cecil 17 1440EST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree and a power line were blown down along Harris Road. Monetary damage was estimated.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Lanier County 5 S Lakeland 17 1503EST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A power pole was blown over about 5 miles south of Lakeland. Monetary damage was estimated.

A strong trough of low pressure moved through the area, bringing with it a pre-frontal squall line. Although wind fields were strong, limited instability precluded a more widespread event. Scattered pockets of damaging winds occurred, and these were limited to tree and power line damage. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

Thomas County Thomasville 20 1635EST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (45EG)

A tree was blown down across a roadway in Thomasville with no other damage reported in the county.

A strong upper level trough and cold front moved through the area. There was sufficient instability and shear for a few strong to severe thunderstorms across the area. Note: The estimated wind gust of 45 knots is equivalent to 52 mph.

HAWAII

HIZ002-005>006- Big Island Interior - Kauai Leeward - Kauai Windward - Kohala - Kona - Lanai Makai - Lanai Mauka - 013>015-018>019- Leeward Haleakala - Maui Central Valley - Maui Leeward West - Molokai Leeward - Oahu South Shore - 021-023>024-026> South Big Island - Waianae Coast 027 01 0000HST 31 2359HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Dry weather, D2 drought conditions or worse, continued to plague parts Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and the Big Island of Hawaii; and all of Lanai. Mandatory and voluntary water restrictions remained in force.

62 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

HAWAII Kauai County 1 W Princeville 04 2024HST 1 ENE Poipu 05 0155HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

An upper air low northwest of the Garden Isle of Kauai generated heavy showers and thunderstorms over and adjacent to the island. The rain caused small stream and drainage ditch flooding, and ponding on roadways. Lightning apparently knocked a radio station off the air for a time, and the inclement conditions forced airlines to delay and cancel several flights to and from the Lihue airport. There were no reports of serious injuries or property damage.

HIZ002-008-012- Big Island North and East - Kauai Windward - Maui Windward West - Molokai Windward - Oahu 017-020-024>025 Koolau - Olomana - South Big Island - Windward Haleakala 10 1930HST 23 1800HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Surf

A persistent trade wind swell, enhanced at times by a north swell that affected east shores with northern exposures, produced surf of 6 to 15 feet along the east-facing shores of Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and the Big Island of Hawaii. There were no reports of significant property damage or injuries.

Hawaii County Laupahoehoe 19 2100HST 1 ESE Papaaloa 2300HST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Heavy showers fell over the windward side of the Big Island near Papaaloa, just to the southeast of Laupahoehoe. A motorist, a tourist from California, apparently tried to cross the swollen Pahale Stream and died after being swept away by the rapid current. The vehicle he was driving was considerably damaged as well. M31IW

HIZ002-007>009- Big Island North and East - Kauai Windward - Maui Central Valley - Maui Windward West - Molokai 012>013-017-019> Leeward - Molokai Windward - Oahu Koolau - Oahu North Shore - Olomana - Windward Haleakala 020-025 22 0700HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Surf 23 A north swell caused surf of 10 to 15 feet along the north-facing shores of Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and the Big Island of Hawaii. No serious injuries or property damage were reported.

HIZ001>003-006> Big Island North and East - Kauai Leeward - Kauai Windward - Maui Central Valley - Maui Windward 008-012>013-017- West - Molokai Leeward - Molokai Windward - Niihau - Oahu Koolau - Oahu North Shore - Waianae 019>020-025 Coast - Windward Haleakala 24 2000HST 26 1400HST 0 3 0.00K 0.00K High Surf

A swell from a powerful low far northwest of the islands generated surf of 15 to 25 feet along the north- and west-facing shores of Niihau, Kauai, and Molokai; and the north-facing shores of Oahu and Maui; and 10 to 15 feet along the west-facing shores of Oahu and north-facing shores of the Big Island of Hawaii. At least three individuals required assistance by paramedics after getting into trouble in the surf. Lifeguards also performed many rescues and provided warnings to beach goers to stay away from the water. There were no reports of serious property damage.

27 1500HST 31 2359HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Surf

HIZ002-006>008- Kauai Leeward - Kauai Windward - Maui Central Valley - Maui Windward West - Molokai Leeward - 012>013-017-019> Molokai Windward - Oahu Koolau - Oahu North Shore - Waianae Coast - Windward Haleakala 020 27 1500HST 31 2359HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Surf

A series of swells from a deep low far northwest of the islands caused surf of 15 to 25 feet along the north- and west-facing shores of Niihau and Kauai, and the north-facing shores of Oahu, Molokai, and Maui; and 10 to 18 feet along the west-facing shores of Oahu and Molokai. Lifeguards rescued several people in trouble and warned many others to stay away from the rough surf if they were not experienced in such conditions. No serious injuries or property damage were reported.

01 0000HST 31 2359HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

63 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

HAWAII HIZ003-005-013> Big Island Interior - Kauai Leeward - Kohala - Kona - Lanai Makai - Lanai Mauka - Leeward Haleakala - 015-018>019-021- Maui Central Valley - Maui Leeward West - Molokai Leeward - Oahu South Shore - South Big Island - 023>024-026>027 Waianae Coast 01 0000HST 31 2359HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Dry weather, D2 drought conditions or worse, continued to plague parts Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and the Big Island of Hawaii; and all of Lanai. Mandatory and voluntary water restrictions remained in force.

Kauai County 1 W Princeville 04 2024HST 1 ENE Poipu 05 0155HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

An upper air low northwest of the Garden Isle of Kauai generated heavy showers and thunderstorms over and adjacent to the island. The rain caused small stream and drainage ditch flooding, and ponding on roadways. Lightning apparently knocked a radio station off the air for a time, and the inclement conditions forced airlines to delay and cancel several flights to and from the Lihue airport. There were no reports of serious injuries or property damage.

HIZ002-008-012- Big Island North and East - Kauai Windward - Maui Windward West - Molokai Windward - Oahu 017-020-024>025 Koolau - Olomana - South Big Island - Windward Haleakala 10 1930HST 23 1800HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Surf

A persistent trade wind swell, enhanced at times by a north swell that affected east shores with northern exposures, produced surf of 6 to 15 feet along the east-facing shores of Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and the Big Island of Hawaii. There were no reports of significant property damage or injuries.

Hawaii County Laupahoehoe 19 2100HST 1 ESE Papaaloa 2300HST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Heavy showers fell over the windward side of the Big Island near Papaaloa, just to the southeast of Laupahoehoe. A motorist, a tourist from California, apparently tried to cross the swollen Pahale Stream and died after being swept away by the rapid current. The vehicle he was driving was considerably damaged as well. M31IW

HIZ002-007>009- Big Island North and East - Kauai Windward - Maui Central Valley - Maui Windward West - Molokai 012>013-017-019> Leeward - Molokai Windward - Oahu Koolau - Oahu North Shore - Olomana - Windward Haleakala 020-025 22 0700HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Surf 23 A north swell caused surf of 10 to 15 feet along the north-facing shores of Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and the Big Island of Hawaii. No serious injuries or property damage were reported.

HIZ001>003-006> Big Island North and East - Kauai Leeward - Kauai Windward - Maui Central Valley - Maui Windward 008-012>013-017- West - Molokai Leeward - Molokai Windward - Niihau - Oahu Koolau - Oahu North Shore - Waianae 019>020-025 Coast - Windward Haleakala 24 2000HST 26 1400HST 0 3 0.00K 0.00K High Surf

A swell from a powerful low far northwest of the islands generated surf of 15 to 25 feet along the north- and west-facing shores of Niihau, Kauai, and Molokai; and the north-facing shores of Oahu and Maui; and 10 to 15 feet along the west-facing shores of Oahu and north-facing shores of the Big Island of Hawaii. At least three individuals required assistance by paramedics after getting into trouble in the surf. Lifeguards also performed many rescues and provided warnings to beach goers to stay away from the water. There were no reports of serious property damage.

27 1500HST 31 2359HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Surf

HIZ002-006>008- Kauai Leeward - Kauai Windward - Maui Central Valley - Maui Windward West - Molokai Leeward - 012>013-017-019> Molokai Windward - Oahu Koolau - Oahu North Shore - Waianae Coast - Windward Haleakala 020 27 1500HST 31 2359HST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Surf

64 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

HAWAII

A series of swells from a deep low far northwest of the islands caused surf of 15 to 25 feet along the north- and west-facing shores of Niihau and Kauai, and the north-facing shores of Oahu, Molokai, and Maui; and 10 to 18 feet along the west-facing shores of Oahu and Molokai. Lifeguards rescued several people in trouble and warned many others to stay away from the rough surf if they were not experienced in such conditions. No serious injuries or property damage were reported.

IDAHO, North Idaho County 1 NE Pollock 02 2230PST 0 0 Heavy Rain

The Idaho Transportation Department reported a large rock slide that completely blocked U.S. Highway 95 at milepost 188 in the Salmon River canyon. Crews were able to open up one lane by the morning of December 3rd. It had been four to five years since there had been any similar problems in that area.

Southwest flow brought above normal Pacific moisture impacting mainly higher elevations of the Northern Rockies with 5 to 8 inches of snow, and lower elevations with heavy rain. The heavy rain produced rock slides along U.S. Highway 95 north of Pollock, Idaho.

IDZ005 Northern Clearwater Mountains 23 0400PST 24 1714PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

24 0600PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow 25 An upper level trough over Washington and Oregon brings snow to north-central Idaho.

IDAHO, Northwest

IDZ001-004 Central Panhandle Mountains - Northern Panhandle 01 2300PST 02 1000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A vigorous and quick hitting storm system brought heavy snow to the mountains of the Idaho Panhandle. Snow fell as low as 3000 feet however the heaviest snow accumulations were at or above 4000 feet.

IDZ001-004 Central Panhandle Mountains - Northern Panhandle - Southwest and West Kootenai

16 2000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow 17

IDZ004 Central Panhandle Mountains 17 0700PST 0900PST 0 0 1.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

A potent winter storm slammed into the Pacific Northwest from the evening hours of December 16th through sunset on December 17th. The surface low reached a peak intensity of 973 millibars while crossing into Northwestern Washington before gradually weakening and tracking east, northeast along the Canadian Border. Strong isentropic ascent coupled with orographic flow resulted in heavy wet snow across the Northern Idaho Panhandle Sunday evening into Monday morning. A strong low-level jet on the eastern periphery of the low ushered a tongue of warm air into the region transitioning heavy snow to rain for most locations between Sandpoint and Coeur D Alene. Snowfall amounts ranged from four to eight inches in the valleys to up to two feet in the mountains. Strong winds also accompanied this storm resulting in numerous power outages.

IDZ001-002 Northern Panhandle - Southwest and West Kootenai 19 1200PST 20 0800PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A strong and wet winter storm consisting of deep isentropic ascent brought heavy snow to Northern Idaho Panhandle from the late afternoon on December 19th through midday on the 20th. The heaviest snow fell between the Coeur D Alene Area northward to the Canadian Border.

65 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

IDAHO, Northwest IDZ003-004 Central Panhandle Mountains - Idaho Palouse 23 2000PST 24 1600PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A potent and quick moving low pressure system tracked through the Inland NW during the overnight periods of December 23rd through the afternoon of December 24th. Due to the quick nature of the system, widespread snowfall of one to four inches were common across the region. The exception was along a corridor stretching from the Idaho Palouse east into southern portions of the Central Panhandle Mountains where a narrow but intense deformation zone materialized resulting in heavier snow. Locations under this heavier snow band experienced between five to nine inches.

IDAHO, Southeast

IDZ018-031>032 Big and Little Wood River Region - Lost River/Pahsimeroi - Sawtooth Mountains - Upper Snake Highlands 01 0001MST 02 1600MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A very wet Pacific storm system with a series of potent short waves brought 1 to 4 feet of snow to the Central Mountains and Upper Snake River Highlands. The highest amounts were 42 inches at Dollarhide Summit and 43 inches at Bear Canyon. Snow levels were above 7000 feet throughout the storm. The storm began on the morning of November 30th but the brunt of snow fell on December 1st and 2nd in the long duration event.

IDZ021 Lower Snake River Plain 10 0400MST 1000MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Ice Storm

Fifteen to twenty automobile accidents occurred in the Pocatello area as freezing rain began in the early morning hours on the 10th and continued through morning rush hour.

IDZ018-023-031 Big and Little Wood River Region - Caribou Highlands - Sawtooth Mountains - Upper Snake Highlands

16 2300MST 17 1400MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A fast moving Pacific storm system dropped 10 to 20 inches of snow at several SNOTEL sites. Trained spotters reported 6 to 9 inches in the Hailey and Bellevue areas.

IDZ020 Upper Snake River Plain 17 0300MST 1700MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Sustained 40 mph winds occurred in the Upper Snake River Plain from early morning through noon on the 17th. Atomic City, Ririe, Rover site and several INL sites reported the over 40 mph sustained winds.

IDZ018-022-025- Big and Little Wood River Region - Sawtooth Mountains - South Central Highlands - Upper Snake 031 Highlands - Wasatch Mountains/Idaho Portion 22 1100MST 24 1200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Nine to 14 inches of snow were recorded at several SNOTEL sites over a two day snow event just prior to the Christmas holiday.

IDAHO, Southwest

IDZ028 Camas Prairie 23 1600MST 2200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Strong upslope and good moisture advection produced the right ingredients for an abundant snowfall on the Camas Prairie on the 23rd of the month.

66 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

IDAHO, Southwest IDZ030 Southern Twin Falls County 26 1500MST 27 0300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A winter storm moved through Southeast Idaho on the 26th through 27th leaving 4 to 6 inches of snow across southern Twin Falls County.

IDZ014-016 Upper Treasure Valley - Western Magic Valley 27 0700MST 1200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

Dense fog and slippery roads created hazardous driving conditions across parts of Southeast Idaho on the morning of the 27th.

ILLINOIS, Central

ILZ027>029-036> Cass - Fulton - Knox - Logan - Mason - Menard - Morgan - Peoria - Sangamon - Schuyler - Scott - Stark - 037-040>042-047> Tazewell 051 20 1130CST 2330CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A deepening area of low pressure tracking from the southern Plains toward the Great Lakes brought snow and high winds to central Illinois on December 20th. Snowfall totals were generally light...ranging from around 1 inch along the I-55 corridor to as much as 4 to 5 inches northwest of the Illinois River across parts of Knox and Stark counties. As the low passed through central Illinois, winds increased to between 35 and 45 mph...with gusts exceeding 55 mph. The highest wind gust recorded was 65 mph at a mesonet station 3 miles northeast of Galesburg in Knox County. The very strong winds combined with the falling and blowing snow created blizzard conditions along and west of I-55. Numerous car accidents were reported as a result of the snow and wind.

ILZ073 Lawrence 20 1400CST 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

As a deepening area of low pressure lifted northeastward through the region, very strong winds developed across east-central and southeast Illinois on December 20th. Sustained winds increased to 35 to 45 mph, while peak wind gusts exceeded 55 mph. Further west, falling and blowing snow combined with the strong winds to create blizzard conditions along and west of a Bloomington to Taylorville line. The strong winds downed numerous trees and power lines.

ILZ030-038-043- Christian - De Witt - Macon - Marshall - Mclean - Woodford 052>053 20 1430CST 2330CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A deepening area of low pressure tracking from the southern Plains toward the Great Lakes brought snow and high winds to central Illinois on December 20th. Snowfall totals were generally light...ranging from around 1 inch along the I-55 corridor to as much as 4 to 5 inches northwest of the Illinois River across parts of Knox and Stark counties. As the low passed through central Illinois, winds increased to between 35 and 45 mph...with gusts exceeding 55 mph. The highest wind gust recorded was 65 mph at a mesonet station 3 miles northeast of Galesburg in Knox County. The very strong winds combined with the falling and blowing snow created blizzard conditions along and west of I-55. Numerous car accidents were reported as a result of the snow and wind.

ILZ044>046-054> Champaign - Clark - Clay - Coles - Crawford - Cumberland - Douglas - Edgar - Effingham - Jasper - 057-061>063-066> Moultrie - Piatt - Richland - Shelby - Vermilion 068-071>072 20 1600CST 2330CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

As a deepening area of low pressure lifted northeastward through the region, very strong winds developed across east-central and southeast Illinois on December 20th. Sustained winds increased to 35 to 45 mph, while peak wind gusts exceeded 55 mph. Further west, falling and blowing snow combined with the strong winds to create blizzard conditions along and west of a Bloomington to Taylorville line. The strong winds downed numerous trees and power lines.

ILZ073 Lawrence 26 0200CST 1030CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

67 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ILLINOIS, Central

Deepening low pressure tracking from Arkansas to West Virginia produced heavy snow and strong winds across southeast Illinois on December 26th. Locations from Lawrence County southeastward into the Ohio River Valley received the most snow, with many areas measuring between 8 and 12 inches. The Cooperative Weather Observer in Lawrenceville picked up 11 inches. The snow combined with winds gusting between 35 and 40 mph to produce blizzard conditions across Lawrence County. Three to five-foot snow drifts and visibility less than one quarter of a mile resulted in numerous road closures across the county.

ILZ068 Crawford 26 0800CST 1900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

An area of low pressure tracking from Arkansas to West Virginia brought heavy snow to southeast Illinois during the morning of December 26th. The heaviest snow and blizzard conditions occurred from Lawrence County southeastward into the Ohio River Valley. Further north across Crawford and Richland counties, the snow was a bit lighter and the winds were not quite as strong. Six to eight inches of snow fell along and southeast of a Hutsonville to Olney line. Strong winds of 25 to 30 mph created extensive drifting across the area.

ILZ067 Jasper 26 0800CST 1900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

An area of low pressure tracking from Arkansas to West Virginia brought heavy snow to southeast Illinois during the morning of December 26th. The heaviest snow and blizzard conditions occurred from Lawrence County southeastward into the Ohio River Valley. Further north across Jasper County, the snow was a bit lighter and the winds were not quite as strong. Three to six inches of snow fell across the county, including 4.1 inches 3 miles southwest of Hidalgo. Strong winds of 25 to 30 mph created extensive drifting.

ILZ072 Richland 26 0830CST 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

An area of low pressure tracking from Arkansas to West Virginia brought heavy snow to southeast Illinois during the morning of December 26th. The heaviest snow and blizzard conditions occurred from Lawrence County southeastward into the Ohio River Valley. Further north across Crawford and Richland counties, the snow was a bit lighter and the winds were not quite as strong. Six to eight inches of snow fell along and southeast of a Hutsonville to Olney line. Strong winds of 25 to 30 mph created extensive drifting across the area.

ILZ073 Lawrence 28 1800CST 29 0500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

An area of low pressure tracking through the Tennessee River Valley spread snow as far north as southeast Illinois. Accumulations of 6 to 7 inches occurred across Lawrence County, with lighter amounts noted further north toward the I-70 corridor.

ILLINOIS, Northeast

ILZ012-021-032 Grundy - Kane - Livingston 20 1652CST 2315CST 0 0 3.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

A strong and deepening area of low pressure lifted across Illinois on December 20th bringing periods of heavy snow and strong winds to portions of Northern Illinois.

ILZ014 Cook 22 1610CST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K Cold/Wind Chill Low temperature in the teens and a high near freezing contributed to the cold exposure death of man. M53OU

68 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ILLINOIS, Northwest ILZ001-007 Carroll - Jo Daviess - Stephenson 19 2200CST 20 2000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

ILZ009-015>018- Bureau - Hancock - Henderson - Henry - McDonough - Mercer - Putnam - Rock Island - Warren - 024>026-034>035 Whiteside 20 1200CST 2200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A powerful storm system moved from the Southern Plains on Wednesday morning into Michigan by early Friday morning. This brought a wide array of weather to northwest Illinois through the period. Precipitation began as rain on Wednesday evening and quickly changed over to snow along and north of a line from Keokuk County to Linn County to Johnson County to across Carroll, Jo Daviess, and Stephenson Counties. Snow continued heavy at times through the night across Carroll, Jo Daviess, and Stephenson Counties while to the south rain with isolated thunderstorms occurred. A powerful cold front swept through northwest Illinois on Thursday morning changing the precipitation over to all snow from west to east by afternoon. In addition, winds switched to the northwest and increased rapidly to 25 to 35 mph with gusts as high as 60 mph. This created blizzard conditions across all of northwest Illinois as the front passed, reducing visibility to a half mile or less for several hours. Conditions began to improve rapidly from west to east on Thursday evening as the storm system departed to the east.

ILLINOIS, South

ILZ081>083-085> Alexander - Franklin - Gallatin - Hamilton - Hardin - Johnson - Massac - Pope - Pulaski - Saline - Union - 094 White - Williamson 01 0000CST 16 2359CST 0 0 0.00K Drought

Slow improvement continued in long-term drought conditions. Rainfall was below normal during the month of December, but this deficit was partially offset by low evaporation rates from colder winter weather. Moderate drought conditions persisted throughout December along and south of a line from Anna to Vienna and Golconda. The drought ended along and north of a Marion to Harrisburg line. Impacts were very few, since the growing season was over for most crops. Farm ponds used for irrigating livestock remained low. At the Carbondale airport, December monthly rainfall was about an inch below normal. The drought began in May and continued into January.

ILZ076>078-080> Alexander - Edwards - Franklin - Gallatin - Hamilton - Jackson - Johnson - Perry - Pope - Pulaski - Saline 090-092>093 - Union - Wabash - Wayne - White - Williamson 07 0300CST 0900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

Widespread dense fog blanketed most of southern Illinois except for a few locations such as Mount Vernon and Metropolis. Visibility was reduced to one-quarter mile or less. The dense fog was associated with light winds and high humidity in the vicinity of a warm front that was draped across southern Illinois.

White County Carmi 09 1700CST 1845CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Minor flooding occurred as a result of between two and 2.5 inches of rain. Several streets were water-covered.

A strong cold front moving across the southern Plains and Mid-Mississippi Valley served as the focus for thunderstorm development. Unseasonably moist air characterized by surface dew points in the mid 60's helped generate thunderstorms with heavy rain.

ILZ094 Massac 20 0800CST 1900CST 0 0 1.0K 0.00K High Wind

ILZ075>078-080> Alexander - Edwards - Franklin - Gallatin - Hamilton - Hardin - Jackson - Jefferson - Johnson - Perry - 093 Pope - Pulaski - Saline - Union - Wabash - Wayne - White - Williamson 20 0800CST 1900CST 0 0 18.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

69 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ILLINOIS, South

A strong low pressure system tracked northeast across the St. Louis area into northern Illinois. Strong west winds developed behind a cold front that swept across southern Illinois. West winds were sustained from 20 to 35 mph, with frequent gusts from 40 to 55 mph. Peak wind gusts that were clocked at airport locations included: 48 mph at Mount Vernon and Cairo, 51 mph at Carbondale and Carmi, 45 mph at Marion, 46 mph at Harrisburg, and 50 mph at Mount Carmel. A trained spotter at Metropolis measured a gust to 59 mph. Tree limbs were blown down at isolated locations. A whole tree was blown down in Herrin.

ILZ087-090>094 Alexander - Gallatin - Hardin - Massac - Pope - Pulaski 24 0400CST 0900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

Widespread dense fog blanketed the Ohio River counties of southern Illinois. Visibility was reduced to one-quarter mile or less. The dense fog was associated with light winds and high humidity in the vicinity of a weak low pressure center over western Kentucky.

ILZ075>078-080> Alexander - Edwards - Franklin - Gallatin - Hamilton - Hardin - Jackson - Jefferson - Johnson - Massac - 094 Perry - Pope - Pulaski - Saline - Union - Wabash - Wayne - White - Williamson

26 0000CST 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Near-blizzard conditions affected a large part of southern Illinois. The swath of the heaviest snow and near-blizzard conditions excluded only the far southeast counties of Massac and Hardin, as well as the far northwest counties of Jefferson and Perry. Elsewhere, visibility dropped to one-quarter to one-half mile for several hours in heavy snow. Winds frequently gusted from 25 to 35 mph. Total snowfall amounts were around a foot from northern Pope and Johnson Counties, northward across Marion and Harrisburg, to the Wabash Valley region, including Mount Carmel and Albion. Isolated amounts to 20 inches were observed near Albion. Snowfall amounts across the rest of southern Illinois were from 6 to 10 inches, except for just 4 or 5 inches in the southernmost county of Massac. The wet, heavy consistency of the snow minimized drifting and blowing of the snow. Some drifts from two to three feet were reported. The snow fell at a very heavy rate in localized bands, in some cases accompanied by thunder and lightning. Snowfall rates in the heaviest bands were from two to three inches per hour. Road conditions were snow- covered and hazardous. Snow plows were able to keep one lane passable on most major highways. Smaller rural roads were passable only in 4-wheel drive vehicles in the area of heaviest snow. Isolated power outages occurred due to the combination of strong winds and heavy wet snow on power lines. A surface low pressure center moved northeast across Middle Tennessee. Strong winds and colder air on the northwest side of the low created a dangerous winter storm.

ILZ075-080>088 Franklin - Gallatin - Hamilton - Jackson - Jefferson - Perry - Saline - Union - White - Williamson

28 1700CST 29 0300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

ILZ092 Alexander 28 1700CST 29 0900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

ILZ076>078 Edwards - Wabash - Wayne 28 1800CST 29 0300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

ILZ089>091-093> Hardin - Johnson - Massac - Pope - Pulaski 094 29 0000CST 1300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A winter storm dumped 4 to 7 inches of snow across much of southern Illinois. The exception was in the Ohio River Valley from Cairo to Metropolis and Golconda, where only 1 to 3 inches fell. In the area of heaviest snow, snowfall rates were from 1 to 2 inches per hour. Roads were snow-covered and hazardous. The wet, heavy snow coated trees and power lines. Specific snowfall totals included: 5 inches at Mount Vernon and Marion, 6.5 inches at Mount Carmel, and 4 inches at Anna. This new snow, which fell on top of snow from the Christmas night storm, brought total snow depths to as high as 15 inches from Marion to Mount Carmel. A compact and strong upper-level disturbance moved rapidly east-northeast from Oklahoma. Precipitation rates increased ahead of this disturbance. Very weak instability in the mid-levels of the atmosphere enhanced snowfall rates, with embedded bands of heavy snow. Due to the quick progression of the system, the duration of heavy snow was no more than two to three hours at any given location.

70 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ILLINOIS, South ILZ075>078-080> Alexander - Edwards - Franklin - Gallatin - Hamilton - Jackson - Jefferson - Johnson - Perry - Pulaski - 089-092>093 Saline - Union - Wabash - Wayne - White - Williamson 30 0400CST 0900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

Widespread dense fog blanketed most of southern Illinois, except for the Ohio River counties of Hardin, Massac, and Pope. Visibility was reduced to less than one-quarter mile. The dense fog was caused by clear and calm conditions over deep snow cover.

INDIANA, Central

INZ021-028>031- Bartholomew - Boone - Brown - Carroll - Clay - Clinton - Daviess - Decatur - Delaware - Fountain - 035>049-051>057- Greene - Hamilton - Hancock - Hendricks - Henry - Howard - Jackson - Jennings - Johnson - Knox - 060>065-067>072 Lawrence - Madison - Marion - Martin - Monroe - Montgomery - Morgan - Owen - Parke - Putnam - Randolph - Rush - Shelby - Sullivan - Tippecanoe - Tipton - Vermillion - Vigo - Warren

20 1500EST 1800EST 0 0 49.0K High Wind

INZ071 Jackson 21 0230EST 0 0 75.0K Winter Weather A strong low pressure system moved just north of central Indiana, producing widespread rainfall followed by very strong winds. Non-thunderstorm winds gusted over 55 mph at times. The rain eventually changed to snow. Minor snow accumulations were observed. However, a truck driver was killed in a crash on Interstate 65 in Jackson County after loosing control while crossing an icy bridge.

INZ030-036>042- Bartholomew - Boone - Brown - Clay - Clinton - Daviess - Decatur - Delaware - Greene - Hamilton - 044>049-051>057- Hancock - Hendricks - Henry - Howard - Jackson - Jennings - Johnson - Knox - Lawrence - Madison - 060>065-067>072 Marion - Martin - Monroe - Montgomery - Morgan - Owen - Parke - Putnam - Randolph - Rush - Shelby - Sullivan - Tipton - Vigo

26 0100EST 1300EST 0 0 Blizzard

A strong area of low pressure moved through Tennessee and Kentucky on December 26th. This brought blizzard conditions to central Indiana for much of the daylight hours of the 26th. Much of central Indiana saw over 6 inches of snow, with some areas seeing a foot of snow. Wind gusts over 40 mph at some locations caused some drifting of snow, and the blowing snow reduced visibilties to less than a quarter of a mile at times.

28 1700EST 29 0500EST 0 0 0.00K Winter Storm

INZ068>070 Daviess - Lawrence - Martin 28 1700EST 29 0500EST 0 0 0.00K Winter Storm

An area of low pressure moved across the Tennessee Valley and brought another round of snow to Central Indiana during the evening of December 28 and the early morning hours of December 29. Snowfall amounts ranged from around an inch to over 6 inches. The heaviest amounts fell from Knox to Lawrence County. Also, a separate band of snow set up north of the main snow area and persisted for a few hours. This led to a thin strip of around 6 inches at some locations.

INDIANA, Northeast

INZ018-032 Allen - Grant 20 1445EST 1711EST 0 0 1.5K 0.00K Strong Wind

Rapidly deepening low pressure moved from central Illinois into southwestern Lower Michigan. While snowfall amounts ended up lower than expected across the region, the winds caused by the pressure gradient of the low caused sporadic damage and wind gusts to 60 mph.

INZ032>034 Blackford - Grant - Jay 26 0600EST 1700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

71 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

INDIANA, Northeast INZ004>009-014> Adams - Allen - Cass - De Kalb - Elkhart - Fulton - Huntington - Kosciusko - Lagrange - Marshall - Miami 018-020-022>027 - Noble - St. Joseph - Steuben - Wabash - Wells - White - Whitley 26 0700EST 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A deepening low pressure system tracking northeast through the Ohio Valley brought accumulating snow and blowing snow to northern Indiana on December 26th.

INZ018-025>027- Adams - Allen - Blackford - Grant - Huntington - Jay - Wells 032>034 28 2100EST 29 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure system tracking through the Ohio Valley dropped between 2 and 6 inches of snow on portions of northeast Indiana.

INDIANA, Northwest

INZ001 Lake 29 0235CST 0555CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Light snow fell during during the early morning hours causing slick road conditions on I-65 near Merrillville. At least 6 cars were involved in an accident with three people transported to area hospitals with non-life threatening injuries.

INDIANA, South Central

INZ083-090 Crawford - Dubois - Harrison 20 1357EST 2224EST 0 0 17.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

Low pressure began to deepen rapidly over Missouri during the early morning hours on December 20th. By late afternoon, this cyclone reached its lowest pressure of 983 mb right over Chicago. Over the Lower Ohio Valley, gradient winds increased overnight from the south ahead of an occluded front. Along with widespread showers, winds gusted up to 40 mph. The strongest winds, however, didn't arrive until late afternoon. Strong cold air advection behind a front brought sustained winds of over 30 mph for several hours. Several locations recorded wind gusts of over 50 mph. A few trees were toppled with more widespread damage to limbs.

INZ076-083 Dubois - Orange - Washington 26 0300EST 1300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

INZ078 Scott 26 0300EST 1300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

The winter season's first significant snow storm across the Lower Mississippi and Ohio Valleys brought heavy snow and blizzard conditions to southern Illinois and Central Indiana. Snowfall totals dropped markedly from accumulations of around a foot near Indianapolis to under 1 inch near the Ohio River. However, several counties across southern Indiana received in excess of four inches of snow during the morning hours of December 26th. Blizzard conditions developed over Dubois, Orange and Washington counties.

INZ076>078-083> Clark - Crawford - Dubois - Floyd - Harrison - Orange - Scott - Washington 084-090>092 28 2100EST 29 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

An upper level disturbance moved across the Lower Ohio Valley during the morning hours on December 29th. Ahead of this feature, a weak surface trough moved across Tennessee late on the 28th. Lift associated with the left entrance region of an approaching jet aided in producing a band of heavy snow across southern Illinois into southern Indiana. Snow began during the evening hours, ending during the pre-dawn hours on the 29th. In general, 4 to 7 inches of snow fell across southern Indiana, with the heaviest snow falling along an arc extending from Dubois County through Scott County, Indiana.

72 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

INDIANA, Southeast INZ050-058-059 Fayette - Union - Wayne 26 0400EST 1500EST 0 0 Blizzard

Heavy snow and strong winds combined to create blizzard-like conditions over portions of Indiana beginning Christmas night and continuing into Wednesday morning.

INZ066-073 Franklin - Ripley 26 0700EST 1700EST 0 0 Winter Storm

Heavy snow and strong winds combined to create near blizzard conditions over portions of Indiana beginning Christmas night and continuing into Wednesday.

INZ074 Dearborn 26 0700EST 1700EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Heavy snow and strong winds created adverse winter weather over portions of Indiana beginning Christmas night and continuing into Wednesday morning.

INZ073-074 Dearborn - Ripley 28 2200EST 29 0800EST 0 0 Winter Storm

A low pressure system moved across the Tennessee Valley and into the Appalachians Friday Night through Saturday, December 29th and snow overspread the Ohio Valley. The heaviest snow generally fell along and southeast of Interstate 71, where 4 to 5 inches of accumulation was common. Northwest of the interstate, snowfall amounts were in the 2 to 4 inch range.

INZ050-058-066- Fayette - Franklin - Ohio - Switzerland - Union - Wayne 075-080 28 2200EST 29 0800EST 0 0 Winter Weather

A low pressure system moved across the Tennessee Valley and into the Appalachians Friday Night through Saturday, December 29th and snow overspread the Ohio Valley. The heaviest snow generally fell along and southeast of Interstate 71, where 4 to 5 inches of accumulation was common. Northwest of the interstate, snowfall amounts were in the 2 to 4 inch range.

INDIANA, Southwest

INZ081-085 Gibson - Pike - Posey 07 0300CST 0900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

Widespread dense fog blanketed parts of southwest Indiana, mainly north and west of Evansville. Visibility was reduced to one -quarter mile or less. The dense fog was associated with light winds and high humidity in the vicinity of a warm front that was draped across southwest Indiana.

20 1000CST 2000CST 0 0 1.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

INZ082-085>088 Pike - Posey - Spencer - Vanderburgh - Warrick 20 1000CST 2000CST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

A strong low pressure system tracked northeast across the St. Louis area into northern Illinois. Strong west winds developed behind a cold front that swept across southwest Indiana. West winds were sustained from 20 to 35 mph, with frequent gusts from 40 to 50 mph. The peak wind gust that was clocked at the Evansville airport was 53 mph. A trained spotter at Newburgh measured a gust to 47 mph. A wind gust to 45 mph was measured at Oakland City in Gibson County. Isolated power outages were reported in the Evansville area.

73 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

INDIANA, Southwest INZ085>088 Posey - Spencer - Vanderburgh - Warrick 24 0400CST 0900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

Widespread dense fog blanketed parts of southwest Indiana, mainly along and south of Interstate 64. Visibility was reduced to one-quarter mile or less. The dense fog was associated with light winds and high humidity in the vicinity of a weak low pressure center over western Kentucky.

INZ081-085>087 Gibson - Pike - Posey - Vanderburgh - Warrick 26 0200CST 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

INZ088 Spencer 26 0400CST 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Near-blizzard conditions affected parts of southwest Indiana. The swath of the heaviest snow and near-blizzard conditions occurred north and west of the city of Evansville, where visibility dropped to one-quarter to one-half mile for several hours in heavy snow, and total snowfall amounts were around a foot. Snowfall amounts across the rest of southwest Indiana were from 6 to 10 inches, except for just 1 to 3 inches in the easternmost county of Spencer. Rain changed to snow from northwest to southeast, resulting in the highest accumulations north and west of Evansville. A quarter to half inch of sleet fell during the changeover in some places. Winds frequently gusted from 25 to 35 mph across all of southwest Indiana. The wet, heavy consistency of the snow minimized drifting and blowing of the snow. Some drifts from two to three feet were reported. The snow fell at a very heavy rate in localized bands, in some cases accompanied by thunder and lightning. Snowfall rates in the heaviest bands were from two to three inches per hour. Road conditions were snow-covered and hazardous. Snow plows were able to keep one lane passable on most major highways. However, State Route 165 was reported to be impassable southwest of Owensville. Isolated power outages and downed tree limbs occurred due to the combination of strong winds and heavy wet snow. A state of emergency was declared in Posey County. A surface low pressure center moved northeast across Middle Tennessee. Strong winds and colder air on the northwest side of the low created a dangerous winter storm.

INZ081-085>087 Gibson - Pike - Posey - Vanderburgh - Warrick 28 1900CST 29 0600CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

INZ088 Spencer 28 2000CST 29 0600CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A winter storm dumped 6 to 8 inches of snow north of Interstate 64, 4 to 6 inches along Interstate 64 and over most of Posey County, and 2 to 4 inches south of Interstate 64 to the Ohio River. In the area of heaviest snow, snowfall rates were from 1 to 2 inches per hour. Roads were snow-covered and hazardous. The wet, heavy snow coated trees and power lines. Specific snowfall amounts included: 6.5 inches at Princeton in Gibson County, 6 inches at Winslow in Pike County, 4.5 inches in Evansville, and 2.5 inches at Rockport in Spencer County. This new snow, which fell on top of snow from the Christmas night storm, brought total snow depths to as high as 18 inches in Pike and Gibson Counties. A compact and strong upper-level disturbance moved rapidly east-northeast from Oklahoma. Precipitation rates increased ahead of this disturbance. Very weak instability in the mid-levels of the atmosphere enhanced snowfall rates, with embedded bands of heavy snow. Due to the quick progression of the system, the duration of heavy snow was no more than two to three hours at any given location.

INZ081-085-086 Gibson - Posey - Vanderburgh 30 0400CST 0900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

Widespread dense fog blanketed parts of southwest Indiana from Evansville north and west. Visibility was reduced to less than one-quarter mile. The dense fog was caused by clear and calm conditions over deep snow cover.

74 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

IOWA, Central

IAZ005>007-015> Adair - Adams - Audubon - Black Hawk - Boone - Bremer - Butler - Calhoun - Carroll - Cass - Cerro 017-023>028-033> Gordo - Clarke - Crawford - Dallas - Franklin - Greene - Grundy - Guthrie - Hamilton - Hancock - Hardin 039-044>050-057> - Humboldt - Jasper - Kossuth - Madison - Mahaska - Marion - Marshall - Palo Alto - Pocahontas - Polk - 062-070>075-081> Poweshiek - Sac - Story - Tama - Union - Warren - Webster - Winnebago - Worth - Wright 083 19 1900CST 20 1400CST 0 0 1.025M 0.00K Winter Storm

Part 1 of 2: The seasons first major winter storm moved into Iowa during the late afternoon and evening of the 19th and continued into the day on the 20th. A strong low pressure developed over southeast Colorado and pushed east across southern Kansas. The low turned northeast through Missouri and into southern Lake Michigan by the 20th. At the same time, a strong upper level trough of low pressure became negatively tilted as it lifted northeast across the central U.S. A strong push of moisture took place ahead of the storm. A mixture of rain and snow developed north and northwest of the low pressure track. As the dry slot lifted northeast toward Iowa, the airmass became increasingly unstable. A large area, for December, of thunderstorms developed over northeast Kansas into northwest Missouri, then pushed rapidly across Iowa during the evening of the 19th. A mixture of rain and snow occurred across southern Iowa during the early evening. The rain/snow line shifted southeast with much of the thunderstorm activity occurring as thundersnow. The thunderstorms brought with them a mixture of snow and some freezing rain. Though the freezing rain was not of a significant amount, it did help to cake the snow that was falling at a one to two inch per hour rate onto trees and power lines. The snow spread north quickly through the evening and early morning hours. The heaviest snow fell in a band about 50 miles wide that extended from near the Omaha-Council Bluffs area, through Des Moines and Waterloo, and all the way to Marquette. Snowfall of 8-12 inches was common in this band. Some of the heavier snowfall amounts included 14.5 inches in Ankeny, 13.8 inches in Johnston, 13.4 inches in Grimes, 13 inches in Conrad and Marshalltown, 12.4 inches at the Des Moines Airport and 11.5 inches south of Madrid. Roads became treacherous quickly with the heavy snow falling on road surface temperatures that were just above freezing. Numerous traffic accidents and injuries were reported, along with some fatalities. The largest accident occurred on Interstate 30 near the Williams exit. Thirty cars were involved with two fatalities reported. Icing on trees and power lines became a major issue, especially as winds increased later in the night. Snow and ice laden trees and power lines produced considerable damage through much of the area. Branches and full trees fell on power lines, knocking out power for 150,000 to 200,000 customers, 139,000 in the MidAmerican Service area alone. Conditions became bad enough that most activities in the state were cancelled for both the 20th and 21st. In addition to the snow, strong winds caused considerable blowing and drifting of snow. Snowdrifts of 5 to 10 feet were common. Winds were sustained above 25 MPH across the area, with much of the state reaching frequent gusts of 50 MPH or more. Blizzard conditions were reported over most of the Des Moines CWA. This will be addressed via a separate entry.

IAZ005>007-016> Adair - Adams - Audubon - Black Hawk - Boone - Bremer - Butler - Calhoun - Carroll - Cass - Cerro 017-023>028-033> Gordo - Clarke - Crawford - Dallas - Decatur - Franklin - Greene - Grundy - Guthrie - Hamilton - 039-044>050-057> Hancock - Hardin - Humboldt - Jasper - Kossuth - Lucas - Madison - Mahaska - Marion - Marshall - 062-070>075-081> Monroe - Pocahontas - Polk - Poweshiek - Ringgold - Sac - Story - Tama - Union - Wapello - Warren - 086-093>094 Webster - Winnebago - Worth - Wright

20 0000CST 2000CST 2 7 7.25M 0.00K Blizzard

75 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

IOWA, Central

Part 2 of 2: The seasons first major winter storm moved into Iowa during the late afternoon and evening of the 19th and continued into the day on the 20th and became a blizzard for much of the Des Moines CWA. A strong low pressure developed over southeast Colorado and pushed east across southern Kansas. The low turned northeast through Missouri and into southern Lake Michigan by the 20th. As the low moved into Lower Michigan the pressure fell to 982 mb. This combined with high pressure building into Iowa from the northwest resulting in a very strong pressure gradient across the state. The strong upper level trough of low pressure became negatively tilted as it lifted northeast across the central US, aiding in the low pressure intensification. A strong push of moisture took place ahead of the storm. A mixture of rain and snow developed north and northwest of the low pressure track. As the dry slot lifted northeast toward Iowa, the airmass became increasingly unstable. A large area, for December, of thunderstorms developed over northeast Kansas into northwest Missouri, then pushed rapidly across Iowa during the evening of the 19th. A mixture of rain and snow occurred across southern Iowa during the early evening. The rain/snow line shifted southeast with much of the thunderstorm activity occurring as thundersnow. The thunderstorms brought with them a mixture of snow and some freezing rain. Though the freezing rain was not of a significant amount, it did help to cake the snow that was falling at a one to two inch per hour rate onto trees and power lines. The snow spread north quickly through the evening and early morning hours. The heaviest snow fell in a band about 50 miles wide that extended from near the Omaha-Council Bluffs area, through Des Moines and Waterloo, and eventually all the way to Marquette. Snowfall of 8-12 inches was common in this band with some amounts over 14 inches. Outside of the heavier band of snowfall, 2 to 5 inches of snow was reported. Roads became treacherous quickly with the heavy snow falling on road surface temperatures that were just above freezing. Numerous traffic accidents and injuries were reported, along with some fatalities. The largest accident occurred on Interstate 30 near the Williams exit. The location was near mile marker 150. Thirty cars were involved with two fatalities reported. There were two deaths that occurred in the pile up. A 27 year old female, pregnant with twins, was outside of her car looking for her young son when she was struck and killed. A 43 year old female was killed in her stopped vehicle when another car struck hers. There waere also seven others injured in the pileup. Blowing snow became a major issue as the night progressed. Blizzard and near whiteout conditions were widespread by sunrise across the state. Roads drifted shut in many areas with numerous road closings. Interstate 35 was closed from Ames to the Minnesota line much of the day on the 20th until mid-day on the 21st. Conditions became bad enough that most activities in the state were cancelled for both the 20th and 21st. The strong winds caused snow drifts 5 to 10 feet high in many areas. Blizzard conditions were reported over most of the Des Moines CWA. Sustained winds of 25 to 35 MPH were common across the CWA, with frequent gusts of 45 to 55 MPH. Some of the highest winds included 43 MPH gusting to 57 MPH at Ottumwa at the peak of the storm. Their peak gust was 60 MPH. Other locations at the peak of the storm include Mason City with 36 MPH gusting to 48 MPH, Knoxville 38 MPH gusting to 50 MPH, Marshalltown 36 MPH gusting to 49 MPH, Newton 36 MPH gusting to 53 MPH, Oskaloosa 43 MPH gusting to 54 MPH, Waterloo 39 MPH gusting to 52 MPH, Des Moines 32 MPH gusting to 54 MPH, Ames 35 MPH gusting to 50 MPH, Carroll 39 MPH gusting to 46 MPH, Chariton 28 MPH gusting to 49 MPH, Lamoni 35 MPH gusting to 50 MPH, and Grinnell 39 MPH gusting to 50 MPH.

IOWA, East Central and Southeast

IAZ040>042-051> Benton - Buchanan - Cedar - Delaware - Dubuque - Iowa - Jackson - Johnson - Jones - Keokuk - Linn 054-063>065-076 19 1700CST 20 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

IAZ066>068-077> Clinton - Des Moines - Henry - Jefferson - Lee - Louisa - Muscatine - Scott - Van Buren - Washington 078-087>089-098> 099 20 0000CST 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A powerful storm system moved from the Southern Plains on Wednesday morning into Michigan by early Friday morning. This brought a potent winter storm to eastern Iowa through the period. Precipitation began as rain on Wednesday evening and quickly changed over to snow along and north of a line from Keokuk County to Linn County to Johnson County to Dubuque County. North of this line snow continued to fall heavily at times through the night while to the south mainly rain with isolated thunderstorms occurred. A powerful cold front swept through eastern Iowa on Thursday morning changing the precipitation over to all snow from west to east by noon. In addition, winds switched to the northwest and increased rapidly to 25 to 35 mph with gusts as high as 60 mph. This created blizzard conditions across all of eastern Iowa reducing visibility to a half mile or less for several hours. Thundersnow was reported at several locations Wednesday night into Thursday morning. Conditions began to improve rapidly from west to east on Thursday afternoon as the storm system departed to the east.

76 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

IOWA, Northeast IAZ008-018 Floyd - Howard - Mitchell 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 Drought

Despite snowfall amounts that averaged 10 to 15 inches across northeast Iowa during December, no changes in the drought conditions occurred. Severe to extreme drought conditions continued to plague Floyd, Howard and Mitchell Counties.

IAZ008>011-018> Allamakee - Chickasaw - Clayton - Fayette - Floyd - Howard - Mitchell - Winneshiek 019-029>030 20 0600CST 1430CST 0 0 75.0K 0.00K Blizzard

A strong area of low pressure moved out of the Central Plains into Illinois and the Great Lakes region on December 19th and 20th. As this storm moved by, it produced a period of blizzard conditions during the morning and afternoon of the 20th as sustained north winds of 25 to 35 mph with higher gusts created poor visibility from falling and blowing snow. Impacts from the blizzard included closed roads, trapped vehicles, power outages, region wide school closings on the 20th with some schools remaining closed on the 21st or started 2 hours late. The accumulating snow first started moving into the region during the middle of the evening on the 19th with accumulations reaching winter storm criteria of 6 inches between midnight and 6 a.m. on the 20th. The highest reported snow total was 15.2 inches in Strawberry Point (Clayton County). National Guard troops were activated across the state to help rescue stranded drivers. The Iowa Dept. of Transportation stated that travel was not advised across the majority of the state from 8 p.m. Wednesday, December 19th through Thursday the 20th. A tow ban was also in place for much of the state during the storm.

IOWA, Northwest

IAZ001>003-012> Buena Vista - Cherokee - Clay - Dickinson - Ida - Lyon - O`Brien - Osceola - Plymouth - Sioux - 014-020>022-031> Woodbury 032 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K Drought

Drought conditions continued over all of northwest Iowa in December. Although precipitation was generally normal to above normal...the amount of excess over the low winter normals was not enough to relieve the dry conditions. The effects of the drought on farmers and ranchers continued, with the poor condition of winter wheat, and the low stock of winter feed for livestock. Hunting was also affected according to conservation officers, with low pheasant numbers, and disease in the deer population. There were few remaining water restrictions given the much lower water usage compared with the summer and fall, but the low soil moisture levels presented a bleak outlook for the next spring and summer without a very significant increase in precipitation over the winter. Drought was generally listed as continued severe to extreme for the area.

18 0400CST 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

IAZ002-003 Dickinson - Osceola 18 0400CST 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A band of snow produced accumulations of 2 to 5 inches near the northern border of Iowa during the morning and early afternoon of December 18th. Winds during the snowfall were light.

IAZ022-031-032 Buena Vista - Ida - Woodbury 19 1800CST 20 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

IAZ014-020-021 Cherokee - Clay - Plymouth 19 1800CST 20 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Snowfall of 2 to 6 inches was accompanied by north to northwest winds gusting to 35 mph. This combination produced widespread visibilities near zero in Woodbury, Ida, and Buena Vista Counties in northwest Iowa on the morning of December 20th. Several businesses were closed, and some schools not already closed for the holidays were forced to close.

77 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

IOWA, Northwest IAZ001-012>013- Cherokee - Ida - Lyon - O`Brien - Osceola - Plymouth - Sioux - Woodbury 020>021-031>032 27 0800CST 28 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Occasional snow over northwest Iowa produced widespread accumulations from the morning of December 27th to the afternoon of December 28th. The accumulations ranged from 3 to 5 near the western border of the state, with only 2 to 3 inches from Spirit Lake and Spencer to Storm Lake. The snow was accompanied by generally light winds.

IOWA, Southwest

IAZ043-055-069- Fremont - Harrison - Mills - Monona - Pottawattamie - Shelby 079-090 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

The drought intensity remained in the Extreme category during December from around Glenwood through Onawa, with a Moderate or Severe Drought across the area southeast of there. Precipitation for the month was generally 1/2 to 1 inch, around 1/4 to 1/2 inch below normal. The drought persisted over western Iowa into January.

IAZ043-056-069- Fremont - Monona - Page - Pottawattamie - Shelby 090-091 19 1600CST 20 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

IAZ043-055-069 Harrison - Monona - Pottawattamie - Shelby 19 2100CST 20 1200CST 0 0 Blizzard

IAZ079 Mills 20 0200CST 1000CST 0 0 Blizzard

A winter storm developed over the western United States on December 18th, and then moved into the central Plains on the 19th producing heavy snow, localized areas of sleet and freezing rain, and in some areas blizzard conditions. Light rain developed during the late morning and early afternoon on December 19th as moisture spread north into the area from the south. As cooler air worked into the storm system from the north, the rain mixed with and eventually changed over to snow. The change over from rain to snow initially occurred over central Nebraska, spreading into northeast and east central Nebraska, and eventually west central Iowa by mid to late afternoon. Snowfall coverage and intensity increased into the evening hours as the upper level storm system moved through Kansas. Areas of thunder snow were reported in parts of east central Nebraska and southwest Iowa. The snow mixed with sleet and freezing rain over parts of southwest Iowa during the event before finally changing over to all snow just before midnight. The change-over from rain to snow also occurred just before midnight over parts of far southeast Nebraska. As the area of surface low pressure deepened and moved through Missouri toward eastern Iowa, northwest winds increased across eastern Nebraska and western Iowa. Wind speeds of 40 to 50 mph were common from late evening on the 19th into the morning hours of the 20th. The combination of falling temperatures and increasing winds led to significant blowing and drifting of snow and areas of blizzard conditions, especially in open areas. Winds also combined with the initially heavy wet nature of the snow to create power outages for over 45,000 customers across the area. The heaviest snow fell in a band from Butler and Seward County in Nebraska, through the Omaha and Lincoln metro areas, and into west central Iowa. In this band 8 to 10 inches of snow were common with isolated amounts up to 10 inches reported in Saunders and Sarpy County in Nebraska. To the north and the south of this band snowfall amounts were lighter with 3 to 6 inches common. There were also reports of over a quarter inch of sleet and freezing rain in southwest Iowa around Page County, before the precipitation switched over to all snow. The storm finally came to an end by mid day on the 20th as the system pushed off to the east and the winds diminished.

KANSAS, East

KSZ008>012-020> Anderson - Brown - Clay - Cloud - Coffey - Dickinson - Douglas - Franklin - Geary - Jackson - Jefferson - 024-026-034>040- Lyon - Marshall - Morris - Nemaha - Osage - Ottawa - Pottawatomie - Republic - Riley - Shawnee - 054>056-058>059 Wabaunsee - Washington 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 Drought

78 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

KANSAS, East

Dry conditions continued across all of the central plains through the month of December. December brought a small amount of moisture in the form of some snow during the middle part of the month, and again at the very end of the month. Although some moisture did arrive to the area, the drought persisted through the month with D2 to D3 conditions continuing through the month, and into January.

19 2100CST 20 0400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

KSZ009>012-022> Brown - Geary - Jackson - Marshall - Nemaha - Pottawatomie - Riley - Shawnee - Wabaunsee - 024-036-038>039 Washington 19 2100CST 20 0700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

KSZ026 Jefferson 20 0100CST 0800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Rain changed to sleet and snow from northwest to southeast across much of northeast Kansas. The rain changed to snow after 9pm across north central Kansas and after midnight across the rest of northeast Kansas. The snow was heavy at times and many areas received between 2 and 6 inches of snow. What was most notable about this storm was the strong northwest winds that gusted to over 50 mph at times. This created near blizzard conditions for a 3-6 hour period during the pre-dawn hours of December 20th. The decision to verify winter storm conditions was based off of the combined impacts of the falling snow and strong winds that created near blizzard conditions during the early morning rush hour of December 20th.

KSZ008-020 Cloud - Republic 31 0600CST 2100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A winter weather advisory was issued for much of the area effective from 6am Monday December 31st through 6am Jan 1st. Snow began to fall around 6am on December 1st and accumulated to between 5 and 7 inches across Cloud and Republic Counties. The remainder of the area receive between 2 and 5 inches of snow. Winds were not particularly strong and averaged 10 to 15 mph and visibilities also ranged from one half to one mile at most times during the snowfall. However, the snow did accumulate to around 6 inches within 12 hours and thus those two counties will be listed as enduring heavy snow for this event.

KANSAS, Extreme Southeast

KSZ073-097-101 Bourbon - Cherokee - Crawford 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

December was drier than normal which kept drought conditions across southeast Kansas.

KANSAS, North Central

KSZ005>007-017> Jewell - Mitchell - Osborne - Phillips - Rooks - Smith 019 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

79 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

KANSAS, North Central

According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, December marked the seventh consecutive month of severe (or worse) drought across this six-county portion of North Central Kansas, as the latter two-thirds of 2012 marked its place in history as one of the worst droughts since the 1950s. For the year as a whole, the vast majority of the area only measured between 55-75 percent of normal annual precipitation, with only a small portion of southern Jewell County finishing the year slightly above normal. One of the driest NWS cooperative observer sites during 2012 was Long Island in Phillips County, which only tallied 10.07 inches for the year...a notable 14.78 below normal. Focusing solely on December, despite a welcome change of pace featuring above normal precipitation, all six counties remained under a federally-designated drought disaster. According to weekly issuances of the U.S. Drought Monitor, there was essentially no change whatsoever in drought classification during the month. Category D4 exceptional drought (the worst- possible classification) remained firmly in place across Phillips and Rooks counties along with the majority of Smith and Osborne counties. Farther east, a mix of category D2 severe and category D3 extreme drought persisted in Jewell and Mitchell Counties. Based on reports from around 20 NWS cooperative observers, and also incorporating radar-derived estimation, most of the area realized above normal precipitation in December (per normals generally between 0.70-0.90). This much-needed precipitation was largely the result of two snow events, one that generally brought 2-5 of snow on the 19th, and another on the 31st that blanketed most areas with 4-7. A few of the highest December precipitation totals per NWS observers included 1.14 at Phillipsburg, 1.13 at Burr Oak and 1.11 at Smith Center. On the lower side of precipitation totals were sites such as Hunter (0.50), Cawker City (0.50) and Natoma (0.72). The USDA Kansas Crop Progress and Condition Report for December indicated that state-averaged winter wheat crop conditions declined during the month, and rated 31 percent poor to very poor and only 24 percent good to excellent. State-averaged range and pasture conditions as of the end of December were reportedly 84% poor to very poor. Hay and forage and stock water supplies checked in between 71-77% short to very short, values which had held fairly steady for the past four to five months.

19 1600CST 2200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

KSZ006-017 Rooks - Smith 19 1600CST 2300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

KSZ007-018-019 Jewell - Mitchell - Osborne 19 1800CST 0100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

The first significant winter storm of the 2012-2013 season brought widespread snowfall of generally 2-5 inches to the entire six -county area, but more notably several hours of near-blizzard to blizzard conditions that greatly enhanced event impacts. Officially, this was the first blizzard to strike this portion of North Central Kansas in nearly three years...since the Christmas 2009 event. Wind and blowing snow created white-out conditions that gradually overspread the area from west-to-east during the late afternoon and early evening hours of Wednesday the 19th, making travel difficult if not impossible. Prior to the arrival of moderate to heavy snow bands, much of the day featured little more than spotty passing rain showers before the arrival of colder air. During the evening hours, full-fledged blizzard conditions blossomed across parts of the area as an expansive shield of snow combined with steadily increasing north winds featuring sustained speeds generally 25-35 MPH but frequently gusting 40-45 MPH and sometimes higher. Primarily between 9 PM on the 19th and 1 AM on Thursday the 20th, the back edge of moderate to heavy snowfall gradually cleared the area from west to east, releasing its grip on the Highway 281 corridor around 11 PM. Even in the wake of falling snow, late night wind speeds were slow to decrease, keeping blowing snow going into the morning hours of the 20th. Per NWS cooperative observers, some of the highest snow totals included 5.2 in Smith Center and 5 in Phillipsburg. On the synoptic scale, this event was driven by a powerful, expansive mid-upper level trough translating eastward through the Central Plains, and featuring a closed 700 millibar low tracking across the northern half of Kansas. The most intense snow bands during the evening were associated with stout frontogenesis/deformation on the northwest side of the mid level circulation. At the surface, strong north winds and blizzard/winter storm conditions were promoted by a tight pressure gradient on the north side of roughly 996 millibar low that tracked along the Kansas/Oklahoma border during the afternoon and evening.

31 0400CST 2330CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

KSZ007-019 Jewell - Mitchell 31 0400CST 2330CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

80 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

KANSAS, North Central KSZ005-017 Phillips - Rooks - Smith 31 0500CST 2330CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

New Year's Eve 2012, a Monday, featured a widespread 4 to 7 inch snowfall across the six-county area, with some locally higher amounts. Although the vast majority of accumulating snow fell the daylight hours generally between 7 AM and 5 PM, the first flakes started flying during the pre-dawn hours mainly south of Highway 24, and very light snow or flurries lingered well past sunset. The most concentrated area of 6+ inch snowfall targeted Osborne, Mitchell and Jewell counties, where some of the highest amounts according to NWS cooperative observers and CoCoRaHS observers included 8.5 near Covert, 7 at Beloit and Hunter and 6.6 at Jewell. Slightly lower totals were reported across most of Phillips, Rooks and Smith Counties, including at Phillipsburg (5), Smith Center (4.7) and near Plainville (5.2). Although visibilities were reduced to less than one- half mile at times, sustained north-northeast winds generally averaged no more than 15-20 MPH, keeping significant blowing and drifting snow in check. On the large scale aloft, the primary instigator for this event was an expansive, positively-tilted longwave trough migrating toward the Central Plains from the western United States. On a more localized scale, North Central Kansas snowfall focused underneath a pronounced band of mid level frontogenesis evident at 700 millibars, and likely tied to the left exit region of a 150+ knot upper jet streak stretched from eastern New Mexico into southern Kansas.

KANSAS, Northeast

KSZ025-057-060- Atchison - Doniphan - Johnson - Leavenworth - Linn - Miami - Wyandotte 102>105 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Slight improvement of the drought conditions were observed across extreme eastern Kansas. However, D2 or severe drought conditions prevailed across the counties, with a small portion of west central Leavenworth County, still in D3 or extreme drought conditions.

KSZ102 Doniphan 20 0000CST 1700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

KSZ025 Atchison 20 0100CST 1700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

After nearly two years without a significant winter weather event in the local area, a major winter storm impacted the region from the evening of Wednesday December 19th through the morning on Thursday, December 20th. Despite temperatures in the upper 30s to lower 40s, warm and moist air streamed in aloft just after sundown, ingiting showers and thunderstorms across the region. The lightning was prolific at times and a few of the stronger thunderstorms even produced small hail. A powerful cold front then began to sweep across the region after midnight, resulting in a brief period of sleet (and more thunder) before the precipitation changed to snow. As temperatures fell into the 20s, northwest winds increased dramatically, reaching sustained speeds of 20 to 35 mph with frequent gusts of 40 to 50+ mph during the early morning hours. The wind was the greatest impact with this storm, resulting in blizzard conditions as visibilities dropped to near zero for several hours early this morning due to significant blowing snow. Periods of snow fell heaviest across eastern Kansasi during the pre-dawn hours and then shifted toward northeast and mid Missouri by mid to late morning. Strong winds continued throughout the day, with winds chills in the single digits and teens. Snowfall totals generally ranged from 1 to 3 inches across the area, with localized amounts upwards of 5. The heavy wet snow, coupled with the very strong winds resulted in widespread power outages reaching into the tens of thousands by late Thursday morning, although improvements were noted by afternoon as weather conditions improved. Driving conditions were equally impacted, especially during the morning commute with many interstates, major highways and secondary routes suffering from closures due to numerous vehicle accidents. Rainfall during the overnight hours froze to the surface once temperatures fell below freezing, creating a thin glaze of ice beneath the freshly fallen snowfall. The road and weather conditions led to widespread school closings across the area.

81 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

KANSAS, Northwest KSZ001>003-013> Cheyenne - Decatur - Greeley - Logan - Rawlins - Sherman - Thomas - Wallace 014-027>028-041 19 1300CST 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

KSZ015-029 Gove - Sheridan 19 1500CST 1700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

KSZ042 Wichita 19 1600CST 1900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A strong cold front moved through Northwest Kansas during the early afternoon. Behind the front winds quickly strengthen, with gusts of 44-58 MPH reported. As snow began to fall shortly behind the front, the strong winds and blowing snow lead to visibilities of a quarter mile or less, with many locations reporting white-out conditions. The lack of visibility caused most of the area roads to be closed until the storm passed. Snowfall totals ranged from 0.5 inches near Oakley to 6 near Herndon.

KSZ029 Gove 31 0600CST 2300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Snowfall developed from south to north across parts of Northwest Kansas during the morning behind a cold front that was ahead of an upper level trough over southwest Kansas. Snowfall amounts of 4 to 7 inches were reported across Gove county.

KANSAS, Southeast

KSZ032-047>053- Allen - Barton - Butler - Chase - Chautauqua - Cowley - Elk - Ellsworth - Greenwood - Harper - Harvey - 067>072-082>083- Kingman - Labette - Lincoln - Marion - McPherson - Montgomery - Neosho - Reno - Rice - Russell - Saline 091-093>096-098> - Sedgwick - Wilson - Woodson 100 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 Drought

A prolonged period of dry weather continued the drought conditions across most of Kansas during the month of December. An unusually dry period from May through October kept an extreme drought (D3) going for most of Southern Kansas. Portions of Central Kansas continued to stay very dry, with exceptional drought (D4) conditions for most of the month of December. Most areas saw little if any rainfall during the month, which led to the drought actually getting worse across South Central Kansas by the end of December.

KENTUCKY, Central Hardin County 1 SSE Rogersville 17 1422EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

One inch hail fell along State Highway 31W north of Highway 313.

Bullitt County 1 W Brooks 17 1431EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

One inch hail fell in Brooks. Bullitt County 1 NW Hubers 17 1434EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.25)

A CoCoRahs observer several miles south of Brooks reported 1.25 inch hail.

82 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

KENTUCKY, Central Scott County 1 NE Paynes Depot 17 1556EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Widespread pea to dime sized hail whitened the ground just south of Georgetown. Some of the larger hail stones were 1 inch in diameter. Partial clearing ahead of an approaching upper trough led to widespread thunderstorms over central Kentucky during the afternoon of December 17th. Weak surface low pressure moved up the Ohio River during the afternoon, moving northeast of Louisville by early evening. South of this low, temperatures reached the lower 60s with dewpoints in the lower 50s. Surface based instability of between 500 and 1000 Joules and low freezing levels led to widespread hail. Many storms produced enough small hail to turn roads and the ground white. Several of the stronger storms briefly developed supercell characteristics and produced one inch hail.

KYZ023-035-049- Clark - Franklin - Hancock - Taylor - Warren 065-071 20 1200CST 2113CST 0 0 25.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

KYZ030 Jefferson 20 2247EST 0 0 50.0K 0.00K High Wind Low pressure began to deepen rapidly over Missouri during the early morning hours on December 20th. By late afternoon, this cyclone reached its lowest pressure of 983mb right over Chicago. Over the Lower Ohio Valley, gradient winds increased overnight from the south ahead of an occluded front. Along with widespread showers, winds gusted up to 40 mph. Our strongest winds, however, didn't arrive until late afternoon. Strong cold air advection behind a front brought sustained winds of over 30 mph for several hours. Several locations recorded wind gusts of over 50 mph. A few trees were toppled with more widespread damage to limbs.

KYZ032-035>037- Fayette - Franklin - Harrison - Scott - Trimble 041 28 2200EST 29 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

An upper level disturbance moved across the Lower Ohio Valley during the morning hours on December 29th. Ahead of this feature, a weak surface trough moved across Tennessee late on the 28th. Lift associated with the left entrance region of an approaching jet aided in producing a band of heavy snow across southern Illinois through southern Indiana and just brushing by the northern Kentucky Bluegrass. Snow began during the late evening hours, ending shortly after dawn on the 29th. In general, 4 to locally as much as 6 inches fell across portion of the Kentucky Bluegrass, especially north of Interstate 64.

KENTUCKY, Eastern Montgomery County Jeffersonville 17 1700EST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Thunderstorm wind gusts caused damage to roofing material siding on a structure on Main Street in Jeffersonville.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Mccreary County Pine Knot 17 1745EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Trees were blown down across both lanes of Mount Pleasant Road in Pine Knot.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Floyd County 1 SW Galveston 17 1855EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Trees were blown down at the intersection of Highways 979 and 680 near Galveston.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Pike County Virgie 17 1900EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Trees were blown down on Highways 122 and 610 near the Virgie community.

Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms produced wind damage across portions of eastern Kentucky on December 17, 2012. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph.

83 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

KENTUCKY, Eastern KYZ088-120 Harlan - Pike 20 1040EST 1150EST 0 0 High Wind

KYZ050>052 Bath - Montgomery - Rowan 20 1759EST 1810EST 0 0 3.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

Strong winds occurred across eastern Kentucky on December 20, 2012 as a potent storm system tracked through the Ohio Valley. The high winds were noticed over the high terrain along the Virginia border first. High winds surfaced in Cumberland late in the morning associated with mountain wave activity and this produced isolated damage. Less severe winds occurred as the storm system passed to our east during the late afternoon and early evening.

KYZ060-106-108- Magoffin - Menifee - Morgan - Wolfe 109 21 0500EST 1754EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

KYZ059-088-108> Breathitt - Floyd - Harlan - Leslie - Letcher - Magoffin - Menifee - Powell - Wolfe 110-112-117>118 21 0500EST 1144EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Accumulating snowfall fell across portions of eastern Kentucky on December 21, 2012. Snowfall amounts ranged from a dusting up to 2 inches for many locations east of I-75. However, a band of heavier snow setup over southern Menifee, western Morgan, northern Wolfe and northern Magoffin Counties producing 3 to 5 inches in these areas.

KYZ044-051 Bath - Fleming 28 2230EST 29 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

28 2230EST 29 1127EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

28 2230EST 29 1140EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

28 2230EST 29 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

28 2230EST 29 1127EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

KYZ050>052-060- Bath - Elliott - Menifee - Montgomery - Rowan 104 28 2230EST 29 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A mix of rain and snow fell across eastern Kentucky on December 29, 2012 as a storm system tracked across the Tennessee Valley. Over northern Kentucky, the precipitation fell as snow for the most part with several inches accumulating north of I- 64.

84 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

KENTUCKY, Northeast KYZ101-102 Carter - Greenup 28 2230EST 29 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure system lifted northeast, out of the Tennessee Valley late on the 28th. The low center passed through West Virginia during the early morning of the 29th. Wet snow developed over northeast Kentucky just before midnight. The snow diminished by late morning. Accumulations of 2 to 3 inches were common in Greenup and Carter Counties.

KENTUCKY, Northern

KYZ091>100 Boone - Bracken - Campbell - Grant - Kenton - Lewis - Mason - Owen - Pendleton - Robertson

28 2200EST 29 1200EST 0 0 Winter Storm

A low pressure system moved across the Tennessee Valley and into the Appalachians Friday Night through Saturday, December 29th and snow overspread the Ohio Valley. The heaviest snow generally fell along and southeast of Interstate 71, where 4 to 5 inches of accumulation was common. Northwest of the interstate, snowfall amounts were in the 2 to 4 inch range.

KYZ090 Gallatin 28 2200EST 29 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure system moved across the Tennessee Valley and into the Appalachians Friday Night through Saturday, December 29th and snow overspread the Ohio Valley. The heaviest snow generally fell along and southeast of Interstate 71, where 4 to 5 inches of accumulation was common. Northwest of the interstate, snowfall amounts were in the 2 to 4 inch range.

KENTUCKY, Southwest

KYZ001>016-018 Ballard - Caldwell - Calloway - Carlisle - Crittenden - Fulton - Graves - Henderson - Hickman - Hopkins - Livingston - Lyon - Marshall - McCracken - Trigg - Union - Webster 01 0000CST 0 0 0.00K Drought 31 Slow improvement continued in long-term drought conditions. Rainfall was slightly below normal during the month of December, but this deficit was partially offset by low evaporation rates from colder winter weather. All areas of severe drought were reclassified as moderate at the start of the month. Moderate drought conditions persisted throughout December west of Kentucky Lake. The drought ended along and east of Kentucky Lake. Impacts were very few, since the growing season was over for most crops. Farm ponds used for irrigating livestock remained low. At the Paducah airport, December monthly rainfall was about half to three-quarters of an inch below normal. The drought began in May and continued into January.

Hopkins County Madisonville 09 2000CST 2100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Locally heavy rainfall of around an inch per hour caused some roads to become covered with water.

A strong cold front moving across the southern Plains and Mid-Mississippi Valley served as the focus for thunderstorm development. Unseasonably moist air characterized by surface dew points in the mid 60's helped generate thunderstorms with heavy rain.

KYZ005 McCracken 20 0900CST 2000CST 0 0 25.0K 0.00K High Wind

KYZ001>004-006> Ballard - Caldwell - Calloway - Carlisle - Christian - Crittenden - Daviess - Fulton - Graves - Henderson - 022 Hickman - Hopkins - Livingston - Lyon - Marshall - McLean - Muhlenberg - Todd - Trigg - Union - Webster 20 0900CST 2000CST 0 0 26.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

85 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

KENTUCKY, Southwest

A strong low pressure system tracked northeast across the St. Louis area into northern Illinois. Strong west winds developed behind a cold front that swept across western Kentucky. West winds were sustained from 20 to 35 mph, with frequent gusts from 40 to 55 mph. Measured peak wind gusts included: 56 mph at Princeton, 54 mph at Paducah, 53 mph at Hopkinsville, 51 mph at Calhoun, 50 mph at Wingo (southwest Graves County), Murray, Madisonville, Central City, and Calvert City, 48 mph at Owensboro and Hickman, 47 mph near Cadiz and Morganfield, 46 mph near Marion, and 45 mph at Henderson. There was minor damage to some trees, and a few whole trees were uprooted. Tree limbs landed across roads at scattered locations in many counties. A large restaurant sign and a fence was blown over in Paducah. In McCracken County, at least a couple of houses lost shingles, and a newly built plastic greenhouse was destroyed. Two buildings at a community college in Paducah sustained moderate roof damage. Isolated power outages were reported in Union and Webster Counties. A metal awning was blown off a business in Sturgis in Union County.

24 0400CST 0900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

KYZ002>016-018> Ballard - Caldwell - Calloway - Carlisle - Crittenden - Daviess - Graves - Henderson - Hickman - Hopkins 020 - Livingston - Lyon - Marshall - McCracken - McLean - Trigg - Union - Webster

24 0400CST 0900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

Widespread dense fog blanketed most of western Kentucky with the exception of the Hopkinsville area and points east. Visibility was reduced to one-quarter mile or less. The dense fog was associated with light winds and high humidity in the vicinity of a weak low pressure center over western Kentucky.

KYZ003>005-007- Ballard - Carlisle - Crittenden - Henderson - Livingston - McCracken - Union - Webster 010-014>015-018 26 0000CST 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

KYZ001-006-008> Caldwell - Calloway - Christian - Daviess - Fulton - Graves - Hickman - Hopkins - Lyon - Marshall - 009-011>013-016> McLean - Muhlenberg - Todd - Trigg 017-019>022 26 0400CST 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Anywhere from 1 to 5 inches of snow fell across western Kentucky. The heaviest amounts were along the Ohio River, from west of Paducah to Henderson. Snowfall amounts were only an inch from the Hopkinsville area, westward across Cadiz, to Eddyville and Benton. The Owensboro area also received an inch or so. The remainder of western Kentucky generally received two to four inches. Rain changed to snow from northwest to southeast, resulting in the highest accumulations near the Ohio River. Winds frequently gusted from 25 to 35 mph. The wet, heavy consistency of the snow minimized drifting and blowing of the snow. Road conditions were snow-covered and hazardous. Numerous minor accidents and slide-offs were reported. A surface low pressure center moved northeast across Middle Tennessee. Strong winds and colder air on the northwest side of the low created a dangerous travel conditions.

KYZ019 Daviess 28 2100CST 29 0500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

KYZ004-007-010- Ballard - Crittenden - Henderson - Livingston - McCracken - Union - Webster 014>015-018 29 0000CST 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

One to two inches of snow fell across the Ohio River counties of western Kentucky, as well as across Webster County. Specifically, 2 inches fell in Henderson and one inch in Paducah. A compact and strong upper-level disturbance moved rapidly east-northeast from Oklahoma. The heaviest precipitation and coldest air remained north and west of the Ohio River, therefore only light accumulations were observed in western Kentucky.

86 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

LOUISIANA, Northeast West Carroll Parish 3 ESE Goodwill 08 1830CST 0 0 15.00K 0.00K Hail (1.75)

Hail up to golf ball size fell between Pioneer and Goodwill. The hail downed tree branches in the area.

A weak upper disturbance moved over the northeast Louisiana on the evening of December 8th. This disturbance caused one strong storm to drop golf ball size hail over West Carroll Parish.

Morehouse Parish 2 SE Spyker 09 2155CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was blown down along Highway 139. A squall line moving across the region downed a tree in Morehouse Parish. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Morehouse Parish 1 SW Bastrop 20 0300CST 0 0 6.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was blown onto a house near Crossett Road and Highway 425. Power was out across the northern part of the parish.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Richland Parish 1 SE Rayville Muni Arpt 20 0325CST 0 0 40.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Numerous trees and power lines were blown down parish wide. The worst of the damage was in Rayville.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. West Carroll Parish 1 SW Oak Grove 20 0330CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A power line was blown down on Gunter Loop. A tree was blown down and a fence was blown over north of Oak Grove.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. East Carroll Parish 1 N Lake Providence 20 0350CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was blown down in Lake Providence. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Franklin Parish 1 SE Winnsboro 20 0350CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A few power lines were blown down in the parish. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Madison Parish 14 SSW Altoona 20 0358CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was blown down across Highway 577. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Catahoula Parish 1 E Harrisonburg 20 0410CST 0 0 25.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Numerous trees and power lines were blown down across the parish.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Concordia Parish 1 E Clayton 20 0430CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down on power lines. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

87 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

LOUISIANA, Northeast Tensas Parish 1 W Lake Bruin Lake 20 0435CST 0 0 15.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Two trees were blown down on the north end of Highway 604. Numerous power lines were blown down across the parish.

A powerful low pressure system and cold front moved over the ArkLaMiss region during the early morning hours of December 20th. This storm system caused a line of severe storms to cross the region producing widespread thunderstorm wind damage in the form of blown down trees, power lines, and structural damage. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Catahoula Parish 2 W Glade 25 1319CST 1322CST 2.55 300 0 0 75.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

One mobile home was destroyed with damage to other mobile homes and sheds. Two doors were blown off a warehouse, and a porch was blown over a mobile home. Trees and large limbs were snapped. One large limb fell on a house causing roof damage. Maximum winds were estimated at 100 mph.

Richland Parish 8 NW Cuthbert 25 1400CST 1 0 25.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A tree fell on a mobile home west of Epps along LA Highway 134, fatally injuring one man inside. Additional trees were also blown down in the area. M53MH A regional severe weather outbreak unfolded during Christmas Day 2012 as a result of an anomalously strong and southward positioned trough axis over the southern plains and lower Mississippi River valley. Very strong cyclonically curved winds in the mid-levels of the atmosphere near 115 mph and a rapidly deepening surface low over Louisiana and Mississippi aided in strong low-level wind shear and destabilization for severe thunderstorm development. Early Christmas morning, a large elevated rain and thunderstorm shield overspread the entire ArkLaMiss region. A warm front pushed north through southern Louisiana and Mississippi through late morning and through the afternoon while a quickly advancing cold front and developing squall line were occurring across portions of Texas and Louisiana. A Particularly Dangerous Situation (PDS) Tornado Watch was issued for all of southern Louisiana and Mississippi late Christmas morning for the expected potency of the rotating thunderstorms. Supercells began to develop ahead of the squall line across southern Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama south of the warm front during the afternoon. With such ample wind and speed shear, strong tornadoes developed that afternoon. The most notable tornadoes in NWS Jackson's area were two EF2 tornadoes in Lawrence and southern Forrest counties that destroyed several mobile homes and campers, snapped power poles, and uprooted or snapped hundreds of trees. Luckily, no fatalities occurred in association with the tornadoes. The tornado damage in Forrest County was part of a 61 mile long tornado that began in Pearl River County Mississippi, where EF-3 damage occurred, and ended in western Greene County. Numerous trees were reported down across much of central Mississippi from the advancing squall line and its damaging straight-line winds. Flash flooding also occurred across many areas leading to road closures. The severe weather and cold front finally cleared Mississippi by early Christmas evening. M53MH Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph.

LOUISIANA, Northwest Jackson Parish 2 NNE Vernon 04 1420CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A tree was downed on Mount Zion Road near the Mount Zion Church northwest of Chatham, Louisiana.

Isolated severe thunderstorms developed over north Louisiana in a fairly moist and unstable air mass ahead of a cold front that moved through the Four State Region during the afternoon and evening of December 4th. The thunderstorms produced isolated wind damage. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Bienville Parish 2 SSE Lucky 09 2030CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55EG)

Several trees were downed in the southern part of Bienville Parish.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph. Jackson Parish 1 SE Jonesboro 09 2045CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (54EG)

Trees were downed on the west side of Jonesboro, Louisiana. Note: The estimated wind gust of 54 knots is equivalent to 62 mph.

88 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

LOUISIANA, Northwest Jackson Parish Quitman 09 2055CST 0 0 20.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (54EG)

A tree was downed on a mobile home in Quitman, Louisiana. There was no report of injuries.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 54 knots is equivalent to 62 mph. Jackson Parish 1 S Beech Spgs 09 2110CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (54EG)

Trees and powerlines were downed northeast of Jonesboro, Louisiana.

A strong upper level trough dug southward into the southern Rockies during the afternoon hours of December 12th and accelerated eastward towards the region during the evening hours. A line of thunderstorms developed along and ahead of a cold front across the southern half of Northeast Texas and Northern Louisiana. The airmass ahead of the front was moderately unstable and strong shear was evident such that damaging wind gusts were produced from the severe thunderstorms. Note: The estimated wind gust of 54 knots is equivalent to 62 mph. Bossier Parish 1 SW Benton 20 0045CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (57EG)

Local Law Enforcement reported widespread trees downed along Old Plain Dealing Road between Benton and Plain Dealing.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 57 knots is equivalent to 66 mph. Bossier Parish 1 S Plain Dealing 20 0045CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (57EG)

Trees were downed in the Plain Dealing community. Note: The estimated wind gust of 57 knots is equivalent to 66 mph. Caddo Parish 1 E Gilliam 20 0045CST 0 0 100.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (65EG)

Two barns, several outbuildings and other debris were thrown several hundred yards downwind from the Bruce Lynn Farms in Gilliam, Louisiana. Note: The estimated wind gust of 65 knots is equivalent to 75 mph. Caddo Parish 1 S Jewella 20 0100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (54EG)

A few trees were downed near West Lakeshore Drive. Note: The estimated wind gust of 54 knots is equivalent to 62 mph. Webster Parish 2 SSE Springhill 20 0100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (58EG)

A large tree was down on a house in the Cullen community. There were no reports of injuries.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 58 knots is equivalent to 67 mph. Caddo Parish 1 S Jewella 20 0105CST 0 0 30.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (54EG)

A large pine tree fell on a home on Pine Grove Street in South Shreveport.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 54 knots is equivalent to 62 mph. Caddo Parish 1 S Jewella 20 0110CST 0 0 70.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (54EG)

A large number of bricks were blown off a multi-story building owned by Christus Schumpert Health System at the corner of Jordan Street and Southern Avenue. The bricks that fell damaged an awning and security fence below. A large tree also fell on a home and a car on Fairway Street. There were no report of injuries.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 54 knots is equivalent to 62 mph.

89 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

LOUISIANA, Northwest Webster Parish 1 NE Shongaloo 20 0110CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (58EG)

Trees were downed across the entire parish. Note: The estimated wind gust of 58 knots is equivalent to 67 mph. Claiborne Parish 1 NE Homer 20 0130CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Several trees were downed in Homer, Louisiana. Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. De Soto Parish 1 E Mansfield 20 0130CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55EG)

Numerous trees were downed throughout the parish. Note: The estimated wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph. Claiborne Parish 2 SSW Corney Lake 20 0140CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Trees were downed in Summerfield, Louisiana. Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Bienville Parish 1 S Bienville 20 0209CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (54EG)

A tree was downed across a local highway in Bienville, Louisiana.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 54 knots is equivalent to 62 mph. Red River Parish 2 NNE Coushatta 20 0210CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (54EG)

Powerlines were downed just north of Coushatta, Louisiana. Note: The estimated wind gust of 54 knots is equivalent to 62 mph. Union Parish 2 S Truxno 20 0215CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55EG)

Trees and powerlines were downed near Truxno along Hwy. 549.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph. Lincoln Parish 1 NW Ruston 20 0220CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Trees were downed across the entire parish including a few trees and powerlines downed near Hwy. 544 near Wafer.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Jackson Parish 1 SE Jonesboro 20 0225CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (54EG)

Trees and powerlines were downed in Jonesboro, Louisiana. Note: The estimated wind gust of 54 knots is equivalent to 62 mph. Union Parish Farmerville 20 0230CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55EG)

Trees were downed across the entire parish. Note: The estimated wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph. Natchitoches Parish 1 WSW Natchitoches 20 0240CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (54EG)

Trees were downed across Hwy. 9 in Natchitoches, Louisiana. Note: The estimated wind gust of 54 knots is equivalent to 62 mph.

90 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

LOUISIANA, Northwest Winn Parish 1 W Winnfield 20 0305CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (54EG)

Numerous trees downed across the entire parish. A very unstable airmass developed across the Four State region during the afternoon and evening hours of December 12th. A potent upper level storm system moved out of the Inter Mountain West and into the Southern Plains during the afternoon as well. A warm front moved north of the region allowing for dewpoint temperatures well into the 60s across the entire region. Shear was very strong ahead of this upper level storm system with nearly 70 knots of deep layer shear. The wind profile however was unidirectional which given the instability in place, provided the necessary ingredients for a squall line to develop. Storms originally developed across North Central Texas and Southern Oklahoma along a prefrontal surface trough. The broken line of storms increased in coverage and intensity with the squall line moving through the entire Four State Region during the late night hours of the 19th and early morning hours of the 20th. Wind damage was widespread across the entire Four State Region. Note: The estimated wind gust of 54 knots is equivalent to 62 mph.

Red River Parish 1 E Coushatta 25 1135CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (53EG)

A tree was downed on Hwy. 71 south of the Crossroads community.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 53 knots is equivalent to 61 mph. Winn Parish 2 N Mill 25 1212CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (53EG)

A tree was downed on Hwy. 501 near the Mill community. Note: The estimated wind gust of 53 knots is equivalent to 61 mph. Winn Parish 1 E Dodson 25 1215CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55EG)

Trees and powerlines were downed along Hwy. 126 near Dodson, Louisiana.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph. Ouachita Parish 1 W Brownsville 25 1245CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A tree was downed on Evergreen Street. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Caldwell Parish Columbia 25 1251CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A tree was downed across Hwy. 165 near Columbia, Louisiana. During the night of the 24th, a stationary frontal boundary across the Southeast Texas and Southern Louisiana coast began moving northward as a warm front as a deep upper level disturbance moved out of the Four Corners Region and into the Plains. This front delineated a very cold air mass north of it with a very warm and unstable air mass south of the boundary. The front moved north and became stationary near the lower Toledo Bend and Sam Rayburn country of Deep East Texas, into Central Louisiana during the late morning and afternoon hours of Christmas Day. Initially, showers and thunderstorms developed during the predawn hours with storms overriding the front and becoming elevated. These storms primarily produced large hail. However as the day went on, the storms become more surface based. Eventually, a squall line developed south of the Interstate 20 corridor of Northeast Texas and Northern Louisiana with damaging wind gusts the main result. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph.

LOUISIANA, Southeast East Baton Rouge Parish 1 ESE Alsen 10 0648CST 2 NNE Brownfields 0657CST 5.42 100 0 0 200.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The tornado first touched down on Highway 61 near the intersection with the Baton Rouge Barge Canal. The tornado caused moderate damage to a roof of a single family residence and minor damage to a convenience store. A tree was uprooted at the same location. The tornado then traveled east-northeast, causing sporadic tree damage until it crossed over New Rafe Meyer Road and moved into the Lincoln Heights subdivision. This was the location of the worst damage with numerous softwood trees snapped and a few residences with moderate to major roof damage. A travel trailer was rolled over 25 to 30 yards and destroyed. The tornado then continued to travel to the east-northeast, crossing over Highway 19 and causing moderate damage to the roof of a car wash. Afterward, the tornado continued to the east-northeast, causing sporadic tree damage and minor roof damage to a few homes before finally lifting near the intersection of Plank Road and Dyer Road.

91 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

LOUISIANA, Southeast West Baton Rouge Parish 1 W Lukeville 10 0724CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Trees were blown down along Cell Land and State Highway 1. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. East Baton Rouge Parish Greenwell Spgs 10 0736CST 0 0 15.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Numerous trees were blown down along Cane Market Road in Greenwell Springs.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Ascension Parish 1 ESE Duplessis 10 0850CST 0854CST 1.39 30 0 0 200.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

A tornado touched down near the intersection of Airline Highway and Black Bayou Road. It ripped a metal roof off a boat dealership and shattered the windshield of 10 cars at a car dealership. An eyewitness also saw a small pickup truck lifted into the air about 20 feet and came back down on its wheels. The tornado tracked to the east along Black Bayou Road, causing sporadic tree damage and minor roof damage to a few residences. Before the tornado crossed Highway 44, it impacted a fire station, blowing in 2 large overhead doors, and blowing out 3 large overhead doors on the opposite side of the building. A nearby metal frame building was heavily damaged. The tornado continued to the east and lifted before reaching Ott Road. The maximum wind was estimated at 90 mph.

Washington Parish Bogalusa 10 0930CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Metal roof damage was reported at a nursery in Bogalusa. A cold front moving through southeast Louisiana produced several reports of severe weather, including at least 2 tornadoes. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. East Baton Rouge Parish 1 SSE Millerville 20 0430CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Trees were blown down along Millerville Road in the Tunica Hills area in Baton Rouge. This caused power outages to approximately 1000 Demco Electric Company customers. Type and size of trees were unknown.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Ascension Parish 1 SSW Brittany 20 0635CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

A section of a metal roof on a school was peeled back. The location was near the intersection of Louisiana Highways 30 and 431. Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Washington Parish 2 SSE Richardson 20 0646CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A few trees were blown down on Sylvest Road. Time of the event was based on radar.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Tangipahoa Parish Ponchatoula 20 0700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (60MG) Note: The measured wind gust of 60 knots is equivalent to 69 mph.

Washington Parish 1 SSW Pine 20 0700CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A few trees were blown down on Lake Choctaw Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph.

92 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

LOUISIANA, Southeast Tangipahoa Parish Ponchatoula 20 0710CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

Ponchatoula Police Department reported a large tree blown down and a power pole leaning over in Ponchatoula.

A line of thunderstorms developed ahead of a strong cold front that moved through southeast Louisiana during the morning hours. Several reports of severe weather were received. Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph.

St. Charles Parish Luling 25 1423CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Tree branches and power lines were reported down in Luling. Time of event was estimated by radar.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. St. Charles Parish Boutte 25 1440CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

A large portion of a fence was blown down behind Wal-Mart and damage was reported to the roof of a car wash on Highway 90. Time of event estimated by radar. Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph. East Baton Rouge Parish Zachary 25 1505CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Scattered tree and large limb damage across the city of Zachary was due to straight line winds.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Iberville Parish Grosse Tete 25 1520CST 0 0 0.20K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Thunderstorm winds blew down trees on Sidney Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. West Feliciana Parish St Francisville 25 1530CST 0 0 15.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (60EG)

Several trees were blown down near Highway 421 in the area of Austin Road and at Whitestown Road at Delee Road. Trees were also down on Sage Hill Road with complete road blockage. Note: The estimated wind gust of 60 knots is equivalent to 69 mph. Washington Parish 1 N Clifton 25 1625CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was reported down on Highway 25 north of Clifton. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Washington Parish Mt Hermon 25 1625CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were reported down on Highway 35. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Jefferson Parish 2 WSW Terrytown 25 1820CST 0.8 25 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

A weak tornado touched down in Marrero near the intersection of Barataria and LaPalco Blvd. A gas station sign was blown over and minor damage was done to a fast food restraunt drive-through canopy.

A strong low pressure system moving across the middle Mississippi River Valley drove a strong cold front through the area. A squall line developed ahead of the cold front with isolated supercells ahead of the squall line. Multiple reports of severe weather were received.

93 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

LOUISIANA, Southwest St. Landry Parish 2 W Sunset 16 1811CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

One inch in diameter hail was reported with a passing storm near Sunset.

St. Landry Parish 2 W Sunset 16 1811CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A 60 MPH gust was reported with a passing storm near Sunset.

A few storms developed over South Central Louisiana as a cold front moved through. One storm went severe. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Evangeline Parish 1 N Vidrine 20 0422CST 0 0 50.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Evangeline OEP reported damage to a house in Vidrine. A carport was blown away and a sun room and bedroom was damaged at the house as a line of thunderstorms along a cold front moved through. A few bricks from the house and carport fell onto a new car. Another home in Ville Platte had some shingles removed from the high winds.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

LAZ052>054-073> EAST CAMERON - Iberia - St. Mary - Vermilion - WEST CAMERON 074 20 1000CST 21 0630CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Astronomical Low Tide

A strong cold front pushed through South Louisiana with strong showers and storms along the boundary. Wind gusts in these storms were commonly in the 45 to 55 MPH range as they moved from northwest to southeast. Damage was reported in South Central Louisiana as isolated wind gusts of 55 to 60 MPH occurred. The strong persistent north winds behind the front also caused low tides along the coast.

Jefferson Davis Parish Jennings 25 0230CST 0231CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

A brief period dime to quarter size hail fell in Jennings with a passing severe storm.

Lafayette Parish Duson 25 0720CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Lightning

A lightning stike ignited a 90-barrel storage tank battery in Duson. The Duson Fire Department and the Lafayette Fire Department and Hazardous Materials Response Team extinguished the blaze with foam.

Calcasieu Parish 1 W De Quincy 25 1156CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Dequincy Police report a tree blown over onto power lines along highways 389 and 204 resulting in power outages across the Dequincy area. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Vernon Parish 2 N Slagle 25 1215CST 1217CST 0.24 50 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

A very weak tornado occurred near the town of Slagle Christmas afternoon. The tornado mostly twisted and broke limbs, however one shed was destroyed along the Slagle Loop. Beauregard Parish Merryville 25 1216CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

The Beauregard Parish emergency manager reports trees and power lines down in Merryville from a passing storm.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

94 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

LOUISIANA, Southwest Vernon Parish 2 E Pitkin 25 1243CST 3 NNE Dido 1245CST 2.19 200 0 0 25.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

A NWS storm survey team confirmed an EF 0 tornado touched down three miles east of the town of Pitkin. The tornado produced a damage path two miles long and 200 yards wide. The tornado snapped 20 to 40 pine trees along the path. A mobile home had a tree fall on it causing minor damage and a barn had a few sheets of roofing tin removed.

Rapides Parish 2 WSW Lee Hgts 25 1245CST Paradise 1248CST 4.62 500 0 1 2.00M 0.00K Tornado (EF2)

A NWS survey confirmed an EF 2 tornado touched down in the woods southwest of in the town of Tioga and traveled into town. The tornado produced a damage path four to five miles long and 500 yards wide. The tornado damaged approximately 43 homes with a brick home having the roof almost totally ripped off. The tornado also damaged the Tioga Elementary School and an industrial complex along highway 167. At the school part of the roof of the gym was removed. At the industrial complex 5 18 wheeler trailers flipped over, several large overhead doors were blown in, and a large section of the metal roof was peeled off. One person was injured with very minor bumps and bruises when a mobile home rolled over.

Rapides Parish Lee Hgts 25 1250CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A NWS employee reports a 5th wheel flipped over at 118 Woodcreek loop. Numerous pine trees and power lines are also reported to be down. As the storms moved through many in the area lost power. At 1:40PM Cleco reported near 6,000 customers in the dark. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Rapides Parish 1 E Alexandria 25 1250CST 1 SW Pineville 1251CST 0.77 200 0 0 2.00M 0.00K Tornado (EF2)

A NWS storm survey confirmed an EF 2 tornado touched down in the city of Alexandria. The tornado produced a damage path near 1 mile long and 200 yards wide. The tornado began in a residential area between Polk and White Streets downing trees onto homes and removing some roofing material. It ripped roofs off some businesses including around the Washington Square Complex. The tornado moved across Interstate 49 and dissipated between Lee and Saint James Streets where several more homes and a church lost some roofing material.

A building front is damaged from a tornado that traveled through downtown Alexandria. This image is from KALB 5 in Alexandria.

95 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

LOUISIANA, Southwest Rapides Parish 1 SE Alexandria 25 1253CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (53MG)

The Alexandria Regional Airport ASOS reported a 61 mph wind gust with a passing storm.

Note: The measured wind gust of 53 knots is equivalent to 61 mph. Lafayette Parish 2 SSW Billeaud 25 1300CST 1400CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain flooded the Highway 90 west bound on ramp from LA 182. A few cars were flooded out from the deep water.

Cameron Parish 1 E Johnson Bayou 25 1314CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A NWS employee in Johnson's Bayou reported an estimated wind gust of 60 MPH with a passing line of storms.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. St. Landry Parish 1 S Opelousas 25 1441CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50MG)

A Lafayette Skywarn spotter reported a wind gust of 58 mph near Opelousas.

Note: The measured wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Lafayette Parish 1 NE Scott 25 1500CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

The Lafayette sheriffs department reports a roof partially torn off of a porch north of Interstate 10 off of Highway 93.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

LAZ052>054-073> East Cameron - Iberia - St. Mary - Vermilion - West Cameron 074 26 0545CST 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Astronomical Low Tide

LAZ052>054-073> East Cameron - Iberia - St. Mary - Vermilion - West Cameron 074 29 0700CST 1545CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Astronomical Low Tide

A warm front lifted out of the Gulf of Mexico early Christmas morning with mostly small hail in storms along the boundary, however one storm did become severe. A strong cold front pushed out of Texas and across Louisiana during late Christmas morning into the afternoon with Severe Thunderstorms and Tornadoes. Strong northwest winds behind the boundary created low tides along the coast.

MAINE, North

MEZ001>006-010- Central Piscataquis - Northeast Aroostook - Northern Penobscot - Northern Piscataquis - Northern 032 Somerset - Northern Washington - Northwest Aroostook - Southeast Aroostook 18 0600EST 19 1530EST 0 0 Heavy Snow

Intensifying low pressure tracked across the southern Gulf of Maine during the 18th...with a trof extending back westward across the region into the 19th. Snow expanded north across the region through the morning and afternoon of the 18th. The snow then continued through the remainder of the 18th into the 19th. The heaviest snows fell from the night of the 18th through the morning of the 19th...focused along the trof. Warning criteria was met across east-central areas during the evening of the 18th and across extreme northern and northwestern areas during the early morning hours of the 19th. The snow ended through the afternoon and evening of the 19th. The largest storm totals were focused from southeastern Aroostook county to northern Piscataquis county where 12 to 18 inches of snow fell. Storm totals across extreme northern and northwestern portions of the region ranged from 8 to 15 inches. Storm totals from northern Washington to southern Piscataquis county generally ranged from 6 to 12 inches.

96 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MAINE, North MEZ015>017-029> Central Washington - Coastal Hancock - Coastal Washington - Interior Hancock - Southern Penobscot 030 21 1400EST 2345EST 0 0 High Wind

Intense low pressure tracked northeast along the Saint Lawrence River Valley during the 21st drawing a cold front across the region. A strong low level jet moved across the region in advance of the front during the afternoon and evening of the 21st producing strong winds. Sustained winds of 25 to 35 mph...with gusts up to 60 mph...occurred Downeast with the stronger winds generally occurring near the coast. The strongest winds occurred from mid afternoon through evening...then diminished in the wake of the front. The strong winds toppled trees...snapped branches and brought down power lines. The most extensive damage to trees and power lines occurred across Hancock county where numerous trees were toppled. At the peak of the event...during the evening...around 10000 customers were without power in Hancock county. Numerous trees and power lines were reported down in the towns of Brooklin...Sorrento...Aurora...Trenton...Hancock and Amherst. The fallen trees blocked roads in spots. Trees and power lines were also brought down around the Bangor area. At the peak of the event around 5300 customers were without power in southern Penobscot county. Trees and power lines were also reported down in the coastal Washington county towns of Cherryfield...Addison and Machias. Around 1500 customers were without power at the peak of the event in coastal Washington county.

MEZ002>006-010> Central Penobscot - Central Piscataquis - Central Washington - Coastal Hancock - Coastal Washington - 011-015>017-029> Interior Hancock - Northeast Aroostook - Northern Penobscot - Northern Piscataquis - Northern Somerset 032 - Northern Washington - Southeast Aroostook - Southern Penobscot - Southern Piscataquis 27 0600EST 28 0300EST 0 0 Winter Storm

Intensifying low pressure tracked northeast from the mid Atlantic region early on the 27th...crossing the Gulf of Maine that night...then exiting through the maritimes early on the 28th. Snow began to develop across southern portions of the forecast area during the early morning hours of the 28th...then expanded across the rest of the region through the remainder of the morning. Warning criteria accumulations were met through the afternoon into the evening hours of the 27th. The snow then ended during the early morning hours of the 28th. Storm total snow accumulations across Downeast areas generally ranged from 6 to 12 inches...with localized totals up to 14 inches. The snow did mix with sleet at times contributing to the range of snow totals. Along the immediate Downeast coast precipitation even transitioned to all rain for a time...though just inland from the coast snow and sleet persisted. This created a sharp snow gradient from the immediate coast to slightly inland from the coast. The combination of heavy wet snow and gusty winds did bring branches down on power lines contributing to power outages across Downeast areas. Snow totals across much of the rest of the region generally ranged from 9 to 15 inches...with localized totals up to 17 inches across southeast Aroostook county. Lesser totals of 5 to 8 inches occurred across extreme northeast Aroostook county. Occasional wind gusts of 40 to 50 mph occurred along the Downeast coast...with gusts of 25 to 35 mph across the remainder of the region. The winds produced significant blowing and drifting snow with near blizzard conditions at times.

MEZ016-029>030- Central Washington - Coastal Hancock - Coastal Washington - Interior Hancock - Northern Washington 032 29 1900EST 30 1100EST 0 0 Winter Storm

Rapidly intensifying low pressure tracked across the Gulf of Maine to southeast Nova Scotia during the evening of the 29th...then moved along the eastern coast of Nova Scotia during the 30th. Snow developed across Downeast areas during the evening of the 29th. Heavy snow and blowing snow then occurred through the overnight hours...winding down during the morning of the 30th. Warning criteria was met through the early morning hours of the 30th. Gusty winds kept blowing and drifting snow through the afternoon of the 30th. Storm total snow accumulations ranged from 12 to 20 inches across much of Washington and Hancock counties...with the heaviest accumulations generally occurring along the coast. Accumulations across northern Washington county ranged from 10 to 15 inches. Occasional wind gusts of 35 to 45 mph produced significant blowing and drifting snow with near blizzard conditions at times.

MAINE, South

MEZ007-012-019 Interior Cumberland - Northern Oxford - Southern Franklin - Southern Oxford

16 1300EST 18 0500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

An area of low pressure on the morning of the 16th and a developing low off the mid-Atlantic coast produced heavy snow across sections of western Maine. Snowfall amounts generally ranged from 6 to 10 inches Oxford, southern Somerset, and northern Cumberland Counties. The precipitation changed to freezing rain and eventually to rain across the area.

97 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MAINE, South MEZ024 Coastal Cumberland 18 1420EST 1446EST 0 0 2.0K 0.00K Coastal Flood

Low pressure strengthened as it moved slowly across the southern New England coastline before reaching coastal Maine on the afternoon of the 18th. This slow movement allowed for heavy rains and a one to two foot storm surge on top of high astronomical tides. Seas reached 11 to 15 feet at high tide on gusty easterly winds. Flooding occurred along the wharf in Portland and moderate splash-over closed down two roads in Saco.

MEZ007>009-012> Androscoggin - Central Somerset - Coastal Cumberland - Coastal Waldo - Coastal York - Interior 014-018>028 Cumberland - Interior Waldo - Interior York - Kennebec - Knox - Lincoln - Northern Franklin - Northern Oxford - Sagadahoc - Southern Franklin - Southern Oxford - Southern Somerset 27 0100EST 28 0200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A large area of low pressure intensified as it moved northeast from Tennessee on the morning of the 26th to just southeast of New York City by the morning of the 27th, to Nova Scotia by the morning of the 28th. The storm brought heavy snow to most of western Maine. Snowfall amounts ranged from 6 to 14 inches across most of western Maine to 2 to 3 inches in coastal York County..

MEZ023-024 Coastal Cumberland - Coastal York 27 0915EST 1035EST 0 0 43.5K 0.00K Coastal Flood

Low pressure intensified as it slowly moved up the east coast on the 26th of December and into the Gulf of Maine on the 27th. The slow movement allowed for a two to three foot storm surge on top of the normal astronomical tides. Seas rapidly built in the Gulf of Maine, reaching 25 feet during high tide. Strong northeasterly wind gusts approached hurricane force over the coastal waters. Flooding occurred along the wharf in Portland. Damage occurred to drainage pipes at Casino Beach in Cape Elizabeth and a ramp was lost at Crescent Beach. Moderate splash-over damage impacted Saco as waves struck porches and eroded a road near the Ferry Beach Association, while flooding was significant enough to close roads in Camp Ellis. In York, splash-over, erosion and flooding was the worst since the Patriots Day storm (2007) as a foot of water covered much of the downtown area. Across the remainder of York county, splash-over also occurred in Wells, Biddeford and Kennebunk. In Wells, beach roads were closed due to flooding and erosion.

MEZ021>028 Coastal Cumberland - Coastal Waldo - Coastal York - Interior Waldo - Kennebec - Knox - Lincoln - Sagadahoc 29 1400EST 30 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

An area of low pressure off the Carolina coast on the morning of the 29th moved rapidly northeastward to just south of Nova Scotia by the morning of the 30th as it intensified. The storm brought 4 to 8 inches of snow to coastal sections of the state and the Capitol region.

MARYLAND, Central

MDZ003-017 St. Mary`s - Washington 01 1020EST 0910EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

A weak frontal boundary across the Baltimore/Washington DC metros led to southerly flow off the Atlantic and moisture to move into the region. Dense fog formed over parts of southern Maryland.

MDZ004>007-009> Anne Arundel - Calvert - Carroll - Charles - Frederick - Harford - Howard - Montgomery - Northern 011-013>014-016- Baltimore - Prince Georges - Southern Baltimore 018 02 0030EST 1120EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

High pressure was moving off the Mid Atlantic coast overnight. Abundant low level moisture and light winds contributed to fog development across the region.

98 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MARYLAND, Central MDZ003>007-010> Anne Arundel - Carroll - Frederick - Harford - Howard - Northern Baltimore - Southern Baltimore - 011-014 Washington 08 0118EST 0600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

A surface trough was draped across the Mid Atlantic from the panhandle of WV through North-Central Maryland and Northern Virginia and then Southern Maryland. Northerly flow north of the surface trough led to a cold air damming where trapped low clouds and fog developed and persisted in Northern Maryland.

MDZ013-016>018 Anne Arundel - Calvert - Charles - Prince Georges - St. Mary`s

09 0041EST 1309EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

A surface trough was draped across the Mid Atlantic from the panhandle of WV through North-Central Maryland and Northern Virginia and then Southern Maryland. Fog persisted along the I-95 corridor through the daytime and dense fog continued overnight especially for areas along and near the Chesapeake Bay.

10 0012EST 1110EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

MDZ003>007-009> Carroll - Central and Eastern Allegany - Frederick - Harford - Howard - Montgomery - Northern 011-502 Baltimore - Southern Baltimore - Washington 10 0055EST 0930EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

High pressure across most of the Northeast and Mid Atlantic led to the development of dense fog across the region. Light winds and saturated low levels aided in fog development.

MDZ014 Anne Arundel 16 2344EST 17 0854EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

MDZ007-009-011- Anne Arundel - Calvert - Charles - Harford - Montgomery - Southern Baltimore - St. Mary`s 014-016>018 17 0257EST 1830EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

High pressure across most of the Northeast and Mid Atlantic led to the development of dense fog across the region. Light winds and saturated low levels aided in fog development.

MDZ003-502 Central and Eastern Allegany - Washington 18 0012EST 0615EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

Onshore flow continued in the Mid Atlantic region as high pressure continued to move off the coast. Areas in northeast Maryland and along the Chesapeake Bay had fog throughout the day. Moisture continued to move inland and impacted areas in Northern Maryland and the panhandle of WV.

MDZ501 Extreme Western Allegany 21 1600EST 22 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

Intensifying low pressure over the Great Lakes with an associated cold front brought below freezing temperatures and snow to the Potomac Highlands. Windy northwest flow behind the cold front produced upslope snow showers and blizzard conditions.

MDZ003>007-009> Carroll - Frederick - Harford - Howard - Montgomery - Northern Baltimore - Washington 010 24 1300EST 1800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

99 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MARYLAND, Central

Low pressure moved up the Ohio Valley and precipitation overspread the region. Warm air aloft moved over cold air at the surface and resulted in snow west of the Blue Ridge and in Northern Maryland. Temperatures were warm enough for rain east of the Blue Ridge and south of Baltimore city including Washington DC metro.

25 0006EST 1130EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

MDZ004>007-009> Carroll - Frederick - Harford - Howard - Montgomery - Northern Baltimore 010 25 0030EST 0410EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

High pressure was located over the Atlantic Ocean and an upper trough of low pressure moved into the Ohio Valley. Flow between the exiting high and approaching low pressure caused onshore flow to develop that led to dense fog across the Mid Atlantic.

MDZ003-501-502 Central and Eastern Allegany - Extreme Western Allegany - Washington

26 0400EST 27 0000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

MDZ004>007-009> Anne Arundel - Carroll - Frederick - Harford - Howard - Montgomery - Northern Baltimore - Southern 011-014 Baltimore 26 0800EST 1700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Parent low pressure moved up the Tennessee Valley towards the Mid Atlantic. As precipitation moved over the area, surface temperatures were below freezing and a wintery mix of sleet and freezing rain occurred. Low pressure continued to intensify across the Mid Atlantic and onward to New England. Wrap around moisture produced heavy snow showers in the higher elevations.

MDZ003>007-501 Carroll - Extreme Western Allegany - Frederick - Harford - Northern Baltimore - Washington

29 0400EST 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Low pressure developed near Mississippi and moved northeast and across the Mid Atlantic. A secondary low formed off the Carolina coast and moved northeast. A wintery mix of rain and snow moved across the Mid Atlantic. Surface temperatures were above freezing which led to rain south and east of I-95. Snow did accumulate across parts of Northern Maryland and the panhandle of WV.

MARYLAND, Northeast

MDZ008-012-015- Caroline - Cecil - Kent - Queen Anne`s - Talbot 019-020 17 0300EST 1100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

A quasi-stationary frontal boundary that lingered over the Delmarva Peninsula produced dense fog over the region during the morning of the 17th. Schools had delayed openings in Talbot County.

21 0100EST 0500EST 0 0 1.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

MDZ012-015-019- Caroline - Kent - Queen Anne`s - Talbot 020 21 0100EST 0500EST 0 0 9.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

MDZ015-019-020 Caroline - Queen Anne`s - Talbot 21 1000EST 1500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Coastal Flood

100 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MARYLAND, Northeast

A deep low pressure system tracked across the Lower Great Lakes northeastward into the St. Lawrence Valley from the evening of the 20th into the daytime of the 21st. Its associated strong cold front swept eastward through the Mid Atlantic region and across Maryland during the early morning of the 21st. In addition, a secondary area of low pressure formed along the frontal boundary, west of Delaware Bay, and deepened rapidly. The approaching cold front and the deepening secondary low pressure produced a strong southeasterly flow during the early morning on the 21st that resulted in peak wind gusts of around 45 mph across the Eastern Shore and knocked over weak tree limbs and wires. In Grasonville (Queen Anne's County), the strong winds not only snapped a tree, but also damaged a greenhouse. Peak wind gusts included 49 mph in Salisbury (Wicomico County) and 43 mph at the Baltimore-Washington International Airport.

In addition, the significant southeast flow allowed water to pile up into Chesapeake Bay. Once the winds shifted to the west, the higher tidal departures shifted to the Eastern Shore and producing moderate tidal flooding in Queen Anne's, Talbot and Caroline Counties and minor tidal flooding in Kent and Cecil Counties at the time of high tide during the daytime of the 21st. Moderate to heavy rain also fell across the Eastern Shore, with storm totals ranging between 1 to 2 inches. In Queen Anne's County, Maryland State Route 18 was covered with water from exit 42 at Kent Narrows to exit 43A in Grasonville. Tidal flooding along Maryland State Route 18 also occurred in Queenstown adjacent to the Little Queenstown Creek. Flood waters nearly reached one home. In the Kent Narrows area, tidal flooding also occurred in and around Mears Point Marina north of U.S. Route 50. People were wading through the flood waters with boots.

Minor to moderate tidal flooding occurred in the Chesapeake Bay during the morning and afternoon high tide cycle on the 21st. High tide in Cambridge (Dorchester County) reached 4.70 feet above mean lower low water. Moderate tidal flooding starts at 4.5 feet above mean lower low water. High tide at Tolchester Beach reached 4.17 feet above mean lower low water. Minor tidal flooding starts at 3.5 feet above mean lower low water.

MDZ012-015-019- Caroline - Kent - Queen Anne`s - Talbot 020 22 0800EST 1200EST 0 0 0.8K 0.00K Strong Wind

Strong west winds followed in the wake of the departing low pressure system during the morning on the 22nd on the Eastern Shore. Peak wind gusts averaged around 45 mph and knocked down additional weak trees, tree limbs and wires. Peak wind gusts included 46 mph in Tolchester Beach (Kent County), 44 mph in Stevensville (Queen Anne's County) and 41 mph in Easton (Talbot County). The strong winds were caused by the pressure difference between the departing intense low pressure system as moved northeast along the Saint Lawrence River and an approaching high pressure system from the Mississippi Valley.

MDZ008 Cecil 29 0900EST 1300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure system that moved off the North Carolina coast dropped 1 to 2 inches of snow in Cecil County before the precipitation changed to rain during the early afternoon on the 29th. The snow began falling during the mid morning of the 29th and changed to rain in most places by 1 p.m. EST that day. Representative snowfall included 1.7 inches in Colora and 1.5 inches in Northeast and Elkton. The snow was caused by a low pressure system that moved from the Texas coast on the morning of the 28th, to southern North Carolina on the morning of the 29th. From there it intensified as it move northeast and passed just east of Cape Hatteras on the afternoon of the 29th and south of Cape Cod on the evening of the 29th. Warmer air was able to move in and change the snow to rain. There was not a strong enough high pressure system to the north or much cold air in place at the start of precipitation to keep it falling as snow.

30 0900EST 1500EST 0 0 1.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

MDZ012-015-019- Caroline - Kent - Queen Anne`s - Talbot 020 30 0900EST 1500EST 0 0 4.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

The same low pressure system that brought snow to northern Maryland on the 29th intensified rapidly as it moved northeast overnight and reached Nova Scotia on the morning of the 30th. At 7 a.m. EST the surface pressure had dropped to 964 millibars. The northwest circulation between the intense low pressure system and the approaching high pressure system in the lower Tennessee Valley produced strong winds across the Eastern Shore during the day on the 30th. Peak wind gusts averaged around 45 mph and knocked down shallow rooted trees, weak tree limbs and wires and caused isolated power outages. Peak wind gusts included 46 mph at the Baltimore-Washington Airport and Salisbury (Wicomico County) and 43 mph in Tolchester Beach (Kent County). The combination of the end of the intensification process of the low pressure system and the movement of the high pressure system closer to the state (and the low pressure system farther away) caused the strong winds to cease the afternoon of the 30th.

101 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MARYLAND, South MDZ021-023 Dorchester - Somerset 21 0500EST 1200EST 0 0 300.0K 0.00K Coastal Flood

A rapidly deepening low pressure system moved northeast from western North Carolina into eastern Pennsylvania from the evening of December 20th, into the morning of December 21st. This drove a strong southeast wind with frequent gale force gusts over the Chesapeake Bay, which allowed water to flow up the Bay during the late evening and early overnight hours. The passage of a cold front around 5-6 am EST produced an abrupt wind shift to the west, which pushed water into the inlets on the western side of the Delmarva. Due to the very strong winds, moderate to severe coastal flooding was observed across portions of Dorchester and Somerset counties.

MARYLAND, West

MDZ001 Garrett 20 1645EST 22 1500EST 0 0 0.00K Winter Storm

A strong low pressure moving across the Ohio valley swept a cold front through the region late on the 20th of December. Some freezing rain was reported in the higher elevations in northern West Virginia where temperatures struggled to rise above freezing. Several accidents were reported on interstate 68 in both Garrett and Preston counties with freezing rain and snow, prompting the closure of the interstate in Garrett county on the 20th. In addition, strong winds brought down several trees in Tucker county. Cold northwest flow behind the front then allowed for a period of up-slope and lake enhanced snow to continue through the 22nd. Snow amounts of 12-14 inches were reported in the West Virginia mountains; 7-8 inches in the ridges of Westmoreland and Fayette counties in Pennsylvania; and 2-6 inches were reported over other portions of western Pennsylvania, the northern West Virginia lowlands, and eastern Ohio.

26 0500EST 2315EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A surface low moving south of the region brought mixed precipitation and heavy snow to much of eastern Ohio, western Pennsylvania, northern West Virginia, and Garrett county Maryland on the 26th of December. Precipitation mainly started out as snow, sleet, or freezing rain but as a dry slot and warm air lifted northward, changed over to rain for southern portions of the region. Up to one half inch of ice was measured in Preston county in West Virginia and in Westmoreland and Fayette counties in Pennsylvania. The heaviest snow amounts of 8-14 inches were generally confined to an area north and south of Pittsburgh. A mix of sleet, freezing rain, and snow kept amounts lower at Pittsburgh and points south.

29 0100EST 30 1300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A fast moving surface low moving from the lower Mississippi Valley to the Ohio Valley brought a quick burst of snow and lingering up-slope snows, with the lagging upper level trough, to the northern West Virginia mountains and Garrett county Maryland. Snow amounts ranged from 7-14 inches in those locations with lower amounts of 2-5 inches recorded elsewhere.

MASSACHUSETTS, Central and East Bristol County New Bedford 10 1428EST 1 N Fairhaven 1535EST 0 0 15.00K 0.00K Flood

Flooding was reported in New Bedford on parts of Route 18, Purchase Street, and at the intersection of Rockdale, Coggeshall and Sawyer Streets. Route 18 was closed in both directions for a time because of water up to 30 inches deep flooding the roadway. The I-195 eastbound exit ramp to Route 18 South was closed for a brief time due to water covering the roadway. In Fairhaven, flooding affected Route 6 at Green Street as well as on Bridge and Spring Streets, where as much as 18 inches of water covered the road. Two cars were stranded on Adams Street after attempting to drive through the flooded roadway.

Unseasonably warm and humid air behind a warm front triggered the development of scattered showers and thunderstorms across southeast Massachusetts. Locally heavy rainfall in the urbanized corridor around New Bedford resulted in minor flooding. Rainfall rates of 1 to 2 inches per hour were observed.

MAZ004 Northern Worcester 16 1615EST 17 0845EST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

Weak low pressure passing south of New England brought a wintry mix of precipitation to Massachusetts. Light freezing rain in northern Massachusetts resulted in a light coating of ice, with up to 1/4 inch of glaze reported.

102 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MASSACHUSETTS, Central and East MAZ007-015-019> Eastern Essex - Eastern Norfolk - Eastern Plymouth - Southern Bristol - Suffolk 020 21 1006EST 1416EST 0 0 30.0K 0.00K High Wind

A strong low level jet (65-75 kt) coupled with strong pressure falls produced gusty winds, some of which reached high wind criteria. With trees already defoliated, damage was fairly minimal.

MAZ004-008 Northern Worcester - Western Hampshire 22 1330EST 1538EST 0 0 6.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

A strong cold front moved across southern New England resulting in gusty winds. Some of these winds did some minor damage.

MAZ002>004-008> Eastern Franklin - Eastern Hampden - Northern Worcester - Western Franklin - Western Hampden - 009-011 Western Hampshire 26 2000EST 27 2300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

MAZ015-019>020- Barnstable - Eastern Norfolk - Eastern Plymouth - Nantucket - Southern Bristol - Suffolk 022-024 27 0245EST 0509EST 0 0 16.0K 0.00K High Wind

MAZ022-023 Barnstable - Dukes 27 0700EST 0830EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Coastal Flood

MAZ013 Western Norfolk 27 0701EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

MAZ007-016-019- Eastern Essex - Eastern Norfolk - Eastern Plymouth - Southern Plymouth 021 27 0730EST 1300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Coastal Flood

Low pressure moved up the coast over Southern New England from the mid-Atlantic. This brought a mixture of wintry precipitation and strong winds to the region. In addition, minor coastal flooding was observed along east-facing shores.

MAZ003>005-008> Eastern Franklin - Eastern Hampden - Northern Bristol - Northern Worcester - Northwest Middlesex 009-011>014-017- County - Southeast Middlesex - Southern Worcester - Western Hampden - Western Hampshire - Western 026 Middlesex - Western Norfolk 29 1400EST 30 0800EST 0 0 8.0K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A rapidly intensifying low moved out of the mid-Atlantic, passing southeast of Southern New England. This spread heavy snow across much of Southern New England, resulting in six to ten inches of snow across the area.

MASSACHUSETTS, West

MAZ001-025 Northern Berkshire - Southern Berkshire 26 1800EST 27 1900EST 0 0 Winter Storm

103 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MASSACHUSETTS, West

Low pressure organized on Christmas Day over the Deep South, producing widespread rain and severe weather across the Gulf Coast Region. As this storm lifted northward on Christmas Night, a secondary area of low pressure developed along the mid- Atlantic coastline. This secondary low become the dominant storm center and moved northeast towards Long Island. This storm then continued northeast across southeastern New England before lifting towards the Canadian Maritimes. Snow, heavy at times, fell across much of western Massachusetts from the evening of the 26th into the day on the 27th. Warmer air moving in aloft allowed for the precipitation to mix with or change over to sleet and freezing rain across mainly southern portions of the Berkshires. Total storm snowfall amounts ranged for just 4 inches in downsloped valley areas to 20 inches in Savoy. In addition, strong southeast winds were gusty, especially across the higher elevations. A wind gust to 46 mph was recorded at North Adams and 36 mph at Pittsfield. This storm resulted in very slow travel during the holiday season, especially on the evening of the 26th and morning on the 27th.

MAZ001-025 Northern Berkshire - Southern Berkshire 29 0800EST 30 0030EST 0 0 Winter Weather

On the heels of a bigger snowstorm, a light to moderate snowfall occurred across the region on Saturday, December 29th, 2012. An area of low pressure developed along the coast of North Carolina and moved northeastward off the Eastern Seaboard. Although the storm passed well to the south, an upper level disturbance associated with the storm allowed for light snow to occur throughout the day. With temperatures cold across the entire area, the precipitation remained entirely in the form of snow. Most areas across the Berkshires reported between 4 and 6 inches of snow.

MICHIGAN, East

MIZ055-063-069- Macomb - Oakland - Sanilac - St. Clair - Washtenaw - Wayne 075>076 26 1200EST 27 0600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

The northwest flank of a significant winter storm impacted post holiday travel across southeastern Michigan on December 26th. Widespread snow lifted across the Michigan-Ohio stateline during the late morning hours, arriving over portions of the I-69 corridor during the mid afternoon. While the storm system tracked through the Tennessee valley transferring energy to the east coast during the afternoon, an axis of enhanced moisture became anchored over much of southeast Michigan throughout the evening. By daybreak of December 27th, a general 4 to 7 inches of snowfall fell southeast of a line from Bad Axe to Manchester, with amounts in excess of 10 inches common for locations in eastern St Clair and Sanilac counties adjacent to Lake Huron. Here are some of the higher snowfall totals received: Lakeport (3W), 14 inches. Port Huron, 11 inches. Richmond (4N), 7.7 inches. White Lake, 7.3 inches. Lexington, 7 inches. Ann Arbor, 6.9 inches. Grosse Pointe Farms, 6.8 inches.

MICHIGAN, Extreme Southwest

MIZ077 Berrien 21 0500EST 0501EST 0 0 0.00K Strong Wind

Rapidly deepening low pressure moved from central Illinois into southwestern Lower Michigan. While snowfall amounts ended up lower than expected across the region, the winds caused by the pressure gradient of the low caused sporadic damage and wind gusts to 60 mph.

26 1000EST 2000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

104 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MICHIGAN, Extreme Southwest MIZ078-081 Cass - Hillsdale - St. Joseph 26 1000EST 2000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A deepening low pressure system tracking northeast through the Ohio Valley brought accumulating snow and blowing snow to southern Michigan on December 26th.

MICHIGAN, North

MIZ015 Mackinac 11 1000EST 2200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

A low pressure system passed north of Lake Superior late on the 11th, with cold air already in place across Northern Michigan. Southwest winds just ahead of the system produced locally heavy lake effect snow in Eastern Upper Michigan, with 6 to 8 inches of accumulation near Engadine. As winds veered, heavy snow was displaced into far Northern Lower Michigan, with around a foot of new snow in the Mullett Lake area.

MIZ008-015>023- Antrim - Benzie - Charlevoix - Cheboygan - Chippewa - Crawford - Emmet - Grand Traverse - Kalkaska - 025>028-031>033 Leelanau - Mackinac - Manistee - Missaukee - Montmorency - Otsego - Presque Isle - Wexford

20 0500EST 21 1100EST 0 0 245.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

A powerful low pressure system passed across Southern Lower Michigan on the night of the 20th. Precipitation surged north into Northern Michigan early in the day on the 20th, falling primarily as snow over Eastern Upper and the high terrain of Northern Lower, and as a rain/snow mix near the coasts. The snow was heavy where it was all snow, with 6 to 9 inches falling during the day in some areas. As night arrived, cooler air started to enter the region, and precipitation changed to all snow (except near Saginaw Bay). Another, more widespread round of heavy snow resulted. Total snowfall amounts of 5 to 10 inches were common near the Northern Lower Michigan coastline, ramping up to 10 to 20 inches in Eastern Upper and higher terrain of Northern Lower. The highest accumulations, 18 to 20 inches, fell on Gaylord in Northern Lower Michigan, and Kinross in Eastern Upper. The snow was wet and sticky early on, especially in Northern Lower, and the resulting weight of the snow produced considerable damage to trees. Hundreds of downed trees and limbs resulted in widespread power outages in parts of Northern Lower, some of which weren't restored until around Christmas Day. Travel was brought to a near-standstill in some areas for a day or two, with gusty winds throughout the event producing problems with blowing and drifting snow. All told, this was very much a high-impact winter storm in Northern Michigan.

MICHIGAN, Upper

MIZ003-005-012> Delta - Marquette - Menominee - Northern Houghton - Southern Schoolcraft 014 09 1100CST 10 0000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A weakening low pressure system moving east through Lower Michigan produced moderate snow over portions of west and central Upper Michigan from the 9th into the morning of the 10th.

MIZ003-007 Luce - Northern Houghton 11 1000EST 0500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

MIZ001 Keweenaw 11 1700EST 12 0500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Heavy lake enhanced snow plastered portions of Luce County on the 11th ahead of a cold front. In the wake of the cold front...moderate to heavy lake effect snow occurred over the Keweenaw Peninsula from the 11th into the 12th.

MIZ005-009-011> Delta - Dickinson - Gogebic - Marquette - Menominee - Southern Schoolcraft 014 20 0430CST 1800CST 0 0 12.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

105 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MICHIGAN, Upper MIZ002 Ontonagon 20 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather 21

MIZ004-006-007 Alger - Baraga - Luce 20 0730EST 21 1100EST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

MIZ084 Southern Houghton 20 0800EST 21 0600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

MIZ085 Northern Schoolcraft 20 0900EST 1800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

MIZ001-003 Keweenaw - Northern Houghton 20 0900EST 21 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A powerful low pressure system originating over the mid-Mississippi Valley dumped wet heavy snow across much of the east half of Upper Michigan from the 20th into the 21st. A few locations over western Upper Michigan also saw heavy snow during the event. Strong wind gusts to 50 mph accompanying the wet snow caused power outages across the area.

MICHIGAN, West

MIZ038>040 Clare - Lake - Osceola 20 1200EST 21 1700EST 0 0 Heavy Snow

MIZ037-043-064- Allegan - Mason - Oceana - Van Buren 071 20 1200EST 21 1700EST 0 0 Winter Storm

Significant snow fell across west central Lower Michigan from December the 20th through the 21st, where two day cumulative snowfall amounts reached 10 to 15 inches across portions of Lake, Osceola and Clare counties. One burst of significant snow came during the early morning hours of the 20th followed by more snow late night of the 20th into the early morning hours of the 21st. In addition, it became very windy particularly right along the Lake Michigan shoreline on the 21st where a peak wind gust as high as 71 mph was recorded in South Haven.

MINNESOTA, Central and South Central

MNZ041>043-047> Benton - Brown - Carver - Chippewa - Douglas - Hennepin - Kandiyohi - Lac Qui Parle - Le Sueur - 051-054>060-064> McLeod - Meeker - Morrison - Nicollet - Pope - Redwood - Renville - Scott - Sherburne - Sibley - Stearns - 069-073>076 Stevens - Swift - Todd - Wright - Yellow Medicine 08 1700CST 09 2000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

MNZ044-052>053- Anoka - Chisago - Dakota - Goodhue - Isanti - Kanabec - Mille Lacs - Ramsey - Rice - Washington 061>063-070-077> 078 09 0000CST 2200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A slow moving storm dumped more than a foot of snow in parts of the Upper Midwest, making roads treacherous or impassable and leading to one fatal crash near Red Wing, Minnesota.

106 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MINNESOTA, Central and South Central

The storm began in the northern Rockies, and moved eastward across South Dakota the morning of Saturday, December 8th. An old frontal boundary that lied across the central Plains, lifted northward and developed into an inverted trough across the Mississippi River Valley that afternoon. This inverted trough and the merging of the storm system across South Dakota, provided the energy and moisture to cause a significant winter storm across the Upper Midwest.

The heaviest snowfall totals occurred along Highway 212 from near Montevideo in west-central Minnesota, eastward across the Twin Cities, and into portions of west-central Wisconsin. This storm had two periods of heavy snowfall. One of the heavier events occurred early Sunday morning after 2 am where several bands of light to moderate snow fell across the western suburbs of the Twin Cities, northward into the St. Cloud area. Locally 4 to 7 inches fell from near Buffalo, northward to Sauk Centre in a 6 hour period. The second heavier snowfall event occurred during the mid morning/early afternoon time period where the center of the storm system moved from southwest Minnesota, to east-central Minnesota. Several areas of southwest and west-central Minnesota had snowfall rates of 1 to 2 inches per hour. The town of Sacred Heart had a 17 inch total by the late morning due to these heavier snow bands. Eventually the storm affected the Twin Cities area, and then went into west-central Wisconsin by the mid afternoon hours. Locally 12 to 16 inches fell across the central and northern part of the Twin Cities metro area. The heaviest snowfall report was near Lake Elmo with a snowfall total of 17 inches. This system officially dropped 10.6 inches of snow at the Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport. This report at the airport was the heaviest snowfall since the blizzard on December 12, 2010 that caused the Metro dome roof to collapse.

Blizzard conditions, blowing and drifting snow made visibility so poor that the state Department of Transportation pulled snowplows off some highways in southwest and west Minnesota on Sunday afternoon. The Minnesota State Patrol reported more than 600 crashes by Monday morning, and at least 1,140 spin outs. One person was killed in a crash involving a semi near Red Wing and injuries were reported in 63 other accidents, the State Patrol said.

MNZ047-054>057- Chippewa - Kandiyohi - Lac Qui Parle - Pope - Redwood - Renville - Stevens - Swift - Yellow Medicine 064>065-073 09 1000CST 2100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

During the morning of Sunday, December 9th, an inverted trough across eastern Minnesota, and a surface low over southwest Minnesota, combined and then intensified as the main surface low developed across the southern Great Lakes. The tight pressure gradient, along with ample new snow on the ground, caused blizzard conditions to develop across portions of west- central Minnesota, and along the Minnesota River Valley. Surface winds increased to over 25 mph, with gusts over 40 to 45 mph by the late morning. These winds continued through the mid to late afternoon hours before decreasing during the evening. The combination of sustained winds of 25 to 35 mph, with frequent gusts over 40 mph, caused white-out conditions. Some observers noted that they could not see more than a half block during the height of the storm.

MNZ077-084>085- Faribault - Freeborn - Goodhue - Martin - Rice - Steele - Waseca 091>093 19 2000CST 20 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

MNZ093 Freeborn 20 0600CST 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A large storm system began to organize across the southern Rockies the morning of Wednesday, December 19th. This storm intensified as it moved out into the Plains, and across the Mid-Mississippi River Valley, then northeast across the southern Great Lakes by Thursday night, December 20th. Light snow developed across portions of southern Minnesota the evening of Wednesday, December 19th. Most of the snowfall was light during the early evening, but started to intensify after 9 pm across far southern Minnesota, northeast across portions of west-central Wisconsin. One of the heavier snow bands developed from near Fairmont, northeast toward Owatonna. Snowfall rates were near 1/2 to 3/4 of an inch per hour from 10 pm to 1 am in this area. This snow band slowly moved southeast and weakened by 3 am as it moved into southeast Minnesota. Wind increased during the morning and caused considerable blowing and drifting snow, before tapering off during the afternoon.

107 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MINNESOTA, Northeast MNZ010-018>019- Central St. Louis - Crow Wing - Koochiching - Northern Aitkin - Northern Cass - Northern Itasca - 025>026-033>038 Northern St. Louis - Pine - Southern Aitkin - Southern Cass - Southern Itasca - Southern St. Louis/Carlton

01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Severe drought (D2) conditions continued over most of the region, with the exception of the Arrowhead counties of Cook and Lake and areas bordering the Canadian border.

MNZ033-034 Crow Wing - Southern Cass 08 2300CST 09 1806CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

MNZ020-035-037- Northern Aitkin - Pine - Southern Lake - Southern St. Louis/Carlton 038 09 0000CST 1600CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Snow slowly spread across northeast Minnesota as low pressure moved across central Wisconsin. The heaviest snow fell over mainly the southern parts of the forecast area, including the Twin Ports and Pine County. There was some snow enhancement in the much higher terrain along the north shore of Lake Superior. Snow amounts ranged from 7 to nearly 12 inches. Some amounts include 7 inches at Finland and Wright and 8 inches on the Gunflint Trail of Cook County. The greatest amount was 11.8 inches in Pine City.

MINNESOTA, Northwest

MNZ029>032-040 East Otter Tail - Grant - Wadena - West Otter Tail - Wilkin 08 1800CST 09 1522CST 0 0 0.00K Winter Storm

Four to six inches of snow fell along and south of the Interstate 94 corridor in Minnesota. The highest amount, five inches, fell west at Wadena (in Wadena County) and Wendell (in Grant County). As wind speeds increased on the 9th, visibilities due to blowing snow lowered, especially in open country. Several observation sites reported wind gusts as high as 45 mph. Temperatures on the 9th also ranged in the single digits above zero, which in combination with the winds resulted in wind chill readings from 25 below to 35 below zero.

MINNESOTA, Southeast

MNZ079-086>088- Dodge - Fillmore - Mower - Olmsted - Wabasha - Winona 094>095 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 Drought

Despite snowfall amounts between 10 and 20 inches across southeast Minnesota during December, no changes in the drought conditions occurred. Severe to extreme drought conditions continued to plague Dodge, Fillmore, Mower, Olmsted, Wabasha and Winona Counties. Minnesota State Department of Natural Resources experts say the drought began affecting some wildlife. Several beaver lodges were empty because water levels had dropped significantly likely causing the beavers to move to a larger lake or pond. The drought has reduced available food for many animals, including black bears.

MNZ087 Olmsted 02 0600CST 2100CST 0 0 20.0K 0.00K Dense Fog

Two occupants of a small aircraft sustained minor injuries when the pilot missed a runway at the Rochester International airport when attempting to land, causing the plane to come down in a plowed field. The plane bounced in the field, flipped end-over- end before coming to a rest upside down. The automated weather observing equipment at the Rochester airport reported visibilities of a quarter mile or less on Sunday December 2nd from around 6 a.m. through about 9 p.m.

MNZ079-088-096 Houston - Wabasha - Winona 09 0200CST 2100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

108 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MINNESOTA, Southeast

Portions of southeast Minnesota received between 6 and 10 inches of snow on Sunday, December 9th as the first winter storm of the season impacted the area. The snow developed across the region during the early morning hours of the 9th as an area of low pressure moved east across Minnesota toward Wisconsin. Heavy snow fell for a period during the afternoon of the 9th before ending as some freezing drizzle as the area of low pressure departed the region. The highest reported snowfall total was 10.2 inches near Reads Landing (Wabasha County).

MNZ079-086>088- Dodge - Fillmore - Houston - Mower - Olmsted - Wabasha - Winona 094>096 19 2130CST 20 1900CST 0 0 2.5K 0.00K Winter Storm

A strong area of low pressure moved out of the Central Plains into Illinois and the Great Lakes region on December 19th and 20th. As this storm moved by, it dumped between 5 and 10 inches of snow on southeast Minnesota and produced wind gusts in excess of 40 mph. The winds created blowing and drifting snow that prompted schools to close Thursday the 20th with some remaining closed Friday the 21st or utilized 2 hour delays. The highest reported snow total was 9.7 inches in Minnesota City (Winona County). National Guard troops were activated across the state to help rescue stranded drivers. Several highways were closed because of accidents, including U.S. 61, U.S. 14 and Interstate 90.

MINNESOTA, Southwest

MNZ071-080>081- Cottonwood - Jackson - Lincoln - Lyon - Murray - Nobles - Pipestone - Rock 089>090-097>098 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K Drought

Drought conditions continued over all of southwest Minnesota in December. Although precipitation was generally normal to above normal...the amount of excess over the low winter normals was not enough to relieve the dry conditions. The effects of the drought on farmers and ranchers continued, with the poor condition of winter wheat, and the low stock of winter feed for livestock. Hunting was also affected according to conservation officers, with low pheasant numbers, and disease in the deer population. There were few remaining water restrictions given the much lower water usage compared with the summer and fall, but the low soil moisture levels presented a bleak outlook for the next spring and summer without a very significant increase in precipitation over the winter. Drought was generally listed as continued severe to extreme for the area.

08 1800CST 09 1100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

09 1100CST 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

MNZ072-080-081 Cottonwood - Lyon - Murray 09 1200CST 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

Snowfall of 1 to 4 inches on December 8th over part of southwest Minnesota was followed by strong northwest winds gusting as high as 54 mph over more of the area on December 9th. The combination of winds, and loose snow cover from the previous day and earlier days, produced blizzard conditions on December 9th, reducing visibilities to near zero over large areas. Travel was curtailed or stopped, and business were closed for part of this weekend storm.

MNZ089-098 Jackson - Nobles - Rock 18 0400CST 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A band of snow produced accumulations of 2 to 6 inches near Interstate 90 in southwest Minnesota during the morning and early afternoon of December 18th. Winds during the snowfall were light.

MNZ071-080>081- Cottonwood - Jackson - Lincoln - Lyon - Murray - Nobles - Pipestone - Rock 089>090-097>098 27 0700CST 28 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

109 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MINNESOTA, Southwest

Occasional snow over southwest Minnesota produced widespread accumulations from the morning of December 27th to the afternoon of December 28th. The accumulations ranged from 3 to 5 inches. The snowfall was accompanied by generally light winds.

MINNESOTA, West Central

MNZ039-046 Big Stone - Traverse 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 Drought

The severe drought continued across Big Stone and Traverse counties in west central Minnesota. On average, calculated soil moisture anomalies were showing deficits from 4 to 5 inches.

MNZ039-046 Big Stone - Traverse 08 1800CST 09 1600CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A strong low pressure area brought heavy snow of 6 to 11 inches to west central Minnesota. The winter storm evolved into a blizzard on the 9th. Some snowfall amounts included, 6 inches at Wheaton and 11 inches at Artichoke Lake. See blizzard entry for December 9th.

09 0830CST 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

MNZ039 Traverse 09 0900CST 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A winter storm evolved into a blizzard across west central Minnesota as 6 to 11 inches was blown around by northwest winds of 25 to 40 mph. Whiteout conditions occurred across much of the region shutting down travel. The snow began during the early evening of the 8th and ended in the late afternoon/early evening of the 9th. See Winter Storm entry for the 8th and 9th.

MISSISSIPPI, Central Grenada County 1 E Grenada 04 1515CST 1630CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

A few streets were flooded in town. Flooding occurred at the fairgrounds as well.

Grenada County 1 E Grenada 04 1530CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Two trees were blown down in Grenada. Isolated severe thunderstorms with heavy rains occurred over Grenada County as a moist and unstable mild air mass interacted with a weak cold front. Some flooding occurred in the city of Grenada. The storms also blown down a few trees in the city of Grenada. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Leflore County Money 08 1941CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Leflore County Money 08 1941CST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (40EG)

A tree was blown down across a bridge in Money. Note: The estimated wind gust of 40 knots is equivalent to 46 mph. Grenada County 5 NW Grenada 08 2015CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

110 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Central Lamar County 3 NE Talowah 09 1615CST 1616CST 0.05 50 0 0 8.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

A brief tornado touched down and caused some shingle damage, as well as broke a window on a house. Several trees were blown down. Two of the trees were blown down onto vehicles. Maximum wind speed was 85 mph.

Jones County 2 SSW Myrick 09 1720CST 1721CST 0.05 50 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

A brief tornado touchdown took the medal roof off a building along Weber Jordan Road. Maximum winds were 85 mph.

Carroll County 6 SSW Carrollton 10 0008CST 0010CST 0 0 20.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55EG)

Thunderstorm winds impacted the area around Carrollton. Trees were blown down across power lines in Carrollton and North Carrollton, causing widespread power outages. Also a roof was blown off an abandoned store. A few trees were blown down across Highway 17 South. Note: The estimated wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph. Montgomery County 1 NE Kilmichael 10 0035CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Several trees and power lines were blown down in Kilmichael.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Webster County 1 E Bellefontaine 10 0057CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down in Bellfontaine. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Clay County 3 NNW Pinebluff 10 0120CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Several trees were blown down in the western portion of the county. One large tree was blown down across Highway 46.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Winston County 1 S Louisville 10 0124CST 0 0 25.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (60EG)

Roof damage occurred to an apartment, and a few signs were damaged.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 60 knots is equivalent to 69 mph. Clay County 2 NNW West Pt 10 0143CST 0 0 60.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55EG)

Several trees were blown down, a patio was damaged, and a gazebo was flipped over on Lone Oak Drive just west of Highway 45. A car wash on Highway 45 sustained some roof damage. Note: The estimated wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph. Franklin County 2 SSE Meadville 10 0400CST 0 0 25.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree fell on a trailer along Gloster Road south of Meadville.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

111 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Central Copiah County Georgetown 10 0523CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down along Highway 28 just west of Georgetown.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Adams County 1 S Cranfield 10 0525CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down across Cranfield Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Marion County 5 WSW Pickwick 10 0819CST 0825CST 2.84 100 0 0 40.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

Numerous trees were snapped and uprooted along the path. A couple of sheds and a gazebo were destroyed. Shingle damage occurred to a couple of homes. A metal carport was blown onto a house. In addition, an antenna atop a house was snapped. This was a continuation of a tornado that came out of Walthall County. Maximum wind speeds were estimated at 100 mph.

Lamar County 1 ENE Wardwell Station 10 0915CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was blown down on Interstate 59 between US 49 and Hardy Street.

A weak upper disturbance moved over the region on the evening of December 8th producing a couple stronger storms that dropped hail across Grenada and Leflore Counties. On the afternoon of the 9th an area of showers moving north along the Interstate 59 corridor produced two weak tornadoes as this activity pushed into south central Mississippi. The cells responsible for these tornadoes were very weak and did not even exhibit lightning. Later that night into the next morning a squall line moved across the region causing widespread wind damage, as well as another tornado in Marion County. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Washington County 1 E Leland 20 0345CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Power outages occurred in Leland due to downed power lines. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Issaquena County 3 NNE Mayersville 20 0353CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Power lines were blown down across Glen Allan Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Sunflower County 1 E Indianola 20 0358CST 0403CST 0 0 15.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Power lines were blown down in Indianola and Moorhead. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Madison County 1 NW Cameron 20 0413CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Several trees were blown down across roads around Cameron. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Leflore County 1 W Greenwood 20 0435CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Power outages occurred at the courthouse and the fire station in town due to trees on power lines.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

112 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Central Yazoo County 1 SW Yazoo City Barrier A 20 0435CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Winds were estimated at 60 mph in Yazoo City. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Attala County 1 NW Kosciusko 20 0440CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was blown down across Highway 355 near County Road 1007.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Warren County 2 SSE Vicksburg 20 0440CST 0 0 20.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55EG)

Trees were blown down across the county. Several power outages occurred due to downed power lines. Trees were blown down on two vehicles. Note: The estimated wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph. Claiborne County 1 W Galloway 20 0448CST 0449CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down on Fisher Ferry Road and Highway 547. Power lines were blown down on Oil Mill Road.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Adams County 2 SSE Natchez 20 0450CST 0 0 4.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree and power line were blown down on Upper Kingston Road in Natchez.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Carroll County 1 NE Malmaison 20 0450CST 0 0 25.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A shed and two small wooden buildings were blown away near County Road 131.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Yazoo County 1 N Bentonia 20 0450CST 0 0 7.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down across Berryville Road and Highway 433. Trees were blown down on Sonny Lane and Highway 16 as well. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Holmes County Lexington 20 0455CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Power lines were blown down in the city of Lexington. Trees were also blown down on Highway 17 North.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Hinds County 1 W Brownsville 20 0500CST 0505CST 0 0 4.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Large limbs were blown down on Martin Road in the northern part of the county. Power lines were also blown down along Spring Ridge Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Yazoo County 1 NE Vaughan 20 0512CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down in Vaughn. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

113 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Central Madison County 2 NNE Turnetta 20 0523CST 0 0 6.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A few trees were blown down along Goodloe Road. Several trees were blown down along Rankin Road and Endris Road.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Franklin County 1 E Meadville 20 0525CST 0 0 9.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down on Marshall Road, Highway 98 South, and McNair Road in Meadville.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Hinds County 1 W West Jackson 20 0530CST 0535CST 0 0 30.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was blown onto an apartment building on McFadden Road. Large tree limbs and power lines were blown down at Wynndale Road and Terry Road. A tree limb fell and broke a window along Manhattan Road.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Smith County 1 E Raleigh 20 0530CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A power line was blown down on White Oak Avenue in Raleigh. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Copiah County 1 NE Crystal Spgs 20 0535CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down in Crystal Springs. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Webster County 1 N Walthall 20 0535CST 0 0 20.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down across the county. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Rankin County 1 S Star 20 0537CST 0540CST 0 0 9.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down along Star Road near Highway 49, Mount Repose in Plantation Shores, and along West Mountain Creek south of Florence. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Neshoba County 4 NE Spring Creek 20 0540CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees blocked one lane of Highway 21 North near County Road 763.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Scott County 3 NNE Morton 20 0540CST 2 N Forest 0610CST 0 0 12.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down on Clifton-Hillsboro Road, Cooperville Road, and a tree fell on a house on Banks Street in Forest.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Marion County 1 N Columbia 20 0549CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was blown down across Williams Cut Off Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

114 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Central Leake County 1 N Carthage 20 0555CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

At least eight trees blew down across the county. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Lincoln County 2 SSW Thayer 20 0558CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down on Cold Springs Lane. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Rankin County 4 SSW Johns 20 0605CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was blown down at Rose Hill Road and County Line Road.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Winston County 4 N Plattsburg 20 0607CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A few trees were blown down along Liberty Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Scott County 1 SE Forest 20 0610CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

There were reports of a tree blown down on Banks Street in Forest.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Lamar County Sumrall 20 0615CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down in Sumrall. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Oktibbeha County 1 SE Starkville 20 0617CST 0 0 15.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Several trees and power lines were blown down across the county.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Lawrence County 1 E Monticello 20 0625CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down along Rabbit Road east of Monticello. Power outages occurred in a few areas along Highway 84 between Monticello and Silver Creek. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Clay County 1 NE West Pt 20 0627CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down near West Point. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Lauderdale County 1 NE Meridian 20 0635CST 0 0 4.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Power lines were blown down. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Neshoba County 2 NE Arlington 20 0635CST 0 0 8.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55EG)

Trees were blown down across the county. A tree was blown onto a power line along Road 171 causing power outages in Arlington. Note: The estimated wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph.

115 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Central Newton County 2 SSE Stratton 20 0640CST 0650CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A few trees were blown down and the roof of an outbuilding was blown off. A tree was blown down across Highway 492 near Union. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Smith County 1 E Raleigh 20 0640CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Numerous trees were blown down across the county. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Jefferson Davis County 2 ENE Oak Vale 20 0642CST 0 0 8.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Limbs and power lines were blown down across the southern portion of the county.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Jones County 2 SE (LUL)Hesler Fld Laur 20 0644CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree and a power line were blown down behind Howard Industries.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Covington County 1 NW Hot Coffee 20 0650CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

One tree was blown down on Williams Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Forrest County 1 SE Hattiesburg 20 0650CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A few trees were blown down across the county. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Lowndes County 1 N Interstate City 20 0650CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down near Caledonia and in Columbus. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Jasper County 1 WNW Bay Spgs 20 0655CST 0715CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down blocking Highway 18. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Kemper County 3 SSE Bloomfield 20 0655CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was down on Old Jackson Road, and on Highway 39 North past Gholson Road.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Clarke County 2 NNW Hale 20 0710CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down along Highway 18 and county roads 115 and 350.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

116 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Central Lauderdale County 3 NE Suqualena 20 0714CST 0 0 0.10K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (45MG)

Measured at Okatibbee Lake. A powerful low pressure system and cold front moved over the ArkLaMiss region during the early morning hours of December 20th. This storm system caused a line of severe storms to cross the region producing thunderstorm widespread wind damage in the form of blown down trees, power lines, and structural damage. Note: The measured wind gust of 45 knots is equivalent to 52 mph. Madison County 1 E Flora 25 1230CST 1330CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Street flooding was reported in Flora. Rankin County 2 SSW Luckney 25 1322CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (63MG)

Measured at the Jackson Medgar Wiley Evers International Airport.

Note: The measured wind gust of 63 knots is equivalent to 72 mph. Rankin County 3 SSW Luckney 25 1322CST 1325CST 0 0 15.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (63EG)

A few signs were bent, a gate was damaged, and a tree fell on a fence at the Jackson International Airport. Just north of the airport, a business and an apartment building had siding damage, and a few small trees were snapped.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 63 knots is equivalent to 72 mph. Warren County 2 SSE Vicksburg 25 1324CST 1430CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Several streets were flooded around Vicksburg. Claiborne County 1 ESE Port Gibson 25 1340CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A large tree was blown down, along with several limbs. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Adams County 7 ESE Kingston 25 1345CST 1348CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Several trees were blown down in southeastern Adams County. A couple trees were blown down near the Natchez airport as well. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Warren County 2 SSE Vicksburg 25 1345CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Two trees were blown down in the city. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Jefferson County 3 SSE Church Hill 25 1400CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A few trees were blown down. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Adams County 2 SSE Natchez 25 1410CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Several additional trees were blown down around the county. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

117 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Central Hinds County Edwards 25 1417CST 0 2 55.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A large tree fell on a house in Edwards causing heavy damage. Two people were injured.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Franklin County 1 N Roxie 25 1430CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A few trees were blown down. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Copiah County 4 E Barlow 25 1440CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A tree was blown down and an awning was ripped off a home on Highway 28.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Madison County 1 S Madison Station 25 1442CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A large tree was blown down along Madison Avenue near Highway 51.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Warren County 2 SSE Vicksburg 25 1445CST 1530CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Street flooding occurred in Vicksburg. Some storm covers were blown off of drains.

Madison County 1 NE Ridgeland 25 1445CST 0 0 200.00K 0.00K Lightning

A home was destroyed along Rockwood Drive by a lightning induced fire.

Hinds County 1 W West Jackson 25 1510CST 1630CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Street flooding was ongoing across the city of Jackson. Cars were being stalled in the water on Terry Road near McDowell Road. Copiah County 1 N Hazlehurst 25 1515CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was blown down across Highway 51. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Leake County 1 S Thomastown 25 1520CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down on Highway 43. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Simpson County 2 SSE Braxton 25 1525CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree and a power line were blown down in Braxton. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

118 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Central Lawrence County 1 N Lamberts Store 25 1535CST 2 NNE Monticello 1544CST 8.37 440 0 7 200.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF2)

The tornado touched down in a wooded area near Trace Road producing mostly tree and minor roof damage to the homes in the area. As it moved to the northeast, the width increased to near 0.25 miles near Ford-Calcote and James Fox Roads producing significant tree damage. As it continued northeast crossing Conley Peavey Road, a carport awning was removed and part of a barn was destroyed, along with more heavy tree damage. As it approached Highway 84, the width decreased to around 1/10 if a mile and the tornado increased in intensity. It was at this time that the tornado was most intense (EF-2) resulting in several mobile homes and travel trailers being lofted and ultimately destroyed. A small business had substantial roof damage with two walls being blown out. An abandoned brick gas station had its roof removed and windows blown out, with the awning support poles bent and awning roof blown away. As the tornado approached Highway 27 northwest of Monticello, more tree damage was noted while it collapsed a patio roof on a house on Friendship Lane just north of Monticello. Minor tree damage occurred along the remainder of the track. Maximum winds were estimated at 120 mph.

A mobile home was destroyed and a house suffered major damage due to a tornado that crossed the area on Christmas Day. Photo courtesy NWS Jackson, MS. Neshoba County 1 E Arlington 25 1545CST 1600CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were blown down on Highway 19. Trees and power lines were blown down blocking MS Highway 395 near the Winston County line. A tree was on a power line on County Road 747. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Simpson County 1 NE Pinola 25 1545CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was blown down. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Scott County 1 NW Harperville 25 1550CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A couple of trees were blown down. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Forrest County 4 WSW Fruitland Park 25 1555CST 3 E Maxie 1605CST 6.9 300 0 4 200.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF2)

119 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Central

Numerous soft and hardwood trees were snapped and uprooted. Multiple power poles were snapped. Two double wide mobile homes were completely destroyed, a pickup truck was rolled, and a single-wide mobile home suffered major damage. Large oaks were uprooted and a travel trailer was demolished by a falling tree. Maximum wind speeds were estimated at 130 mph in Forrest County. This is the continuation of a longer tornado that started in Pearl River County. This tornado was strongest in Pearl River County with estimated wind speeds of 140 mph. The tornado finally ended in Greene County.

Scott County 1 S Lake 25 1600CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was blown down. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Jones County 1 ESE Ovett 25 1609CST 1611CST 1.21 100 0 0 50.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

Numerous soft and hardwood trees were snapped and uprooted. A single-wide mobile home had partial roof damage. A small barn had the walls collapse. A small out building was blown over. The roof collapsed on a small barn. A family residence had significant roof and siding damage. Maximum winds were estimated at 105 mph.

Clarke County 1 SE Enterprise 25 1625CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Several trees were blown down around the county. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Lauderdale County 5 SE Savoy 25 1635CST 4 SE Okatibbee 1637CST 2.26 50 0 0 55.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

The tornado touched down on County Road 356 producing minor roof damage to a couple of homes. As the tornado continued to the northeast, a tin roof was peeled back on a home on MS Highway 145 and a fence was blown over at a residence. The tornado uprooted a few trees along the path. The tornado finally ended near MS Highway 145 and US Highway 45 as it caused minor roof damage to a residence. Maximum winds were estimated at 80 mph.

A fence was blown down by a tornado during the afternoon hours on Christmas Day. Photo courtesy NWS Jackson, MS.

120 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Central Lauderdale County 3 SSE Okatibbee 25 1636CST 0 0 15.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was blown down onto a house along Wesley Chapel Road.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Lowndes County 2 SSW New Hope 25 1650CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A few trees were blown down around the county. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Lauderdale County 1 E Bailey 25 1735CST 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

Flooding occurred on Highway 493. A regional severe weather outbreak unfolded during Christmas Day 2012 as a result of an anomalously strong and southward positioned trough axis over the southern plains and lower Mississippi River valley. Very strong cyclonically curved winds in the mid-levels of the atmosphere near 115 mph and a rapidly deepening surface low over Louisiana and Mississippi aided in strong low-level wind shear and destabilization for severe thunderstorm development. Early Christmas morning, a large elevated rain and thunderstorm shield overspread the entire ArkLaMiss region. A warm front pushed north through southern Louisiana and Mississippi through late morning and through the afternoon while a quickly advancing cold front and developing squall line were occurring across portions of Texas and Louisiana. A Particularly Dangerous Situation (PDS) Tornado Watch was issued for all of southern Louisiana and Mississippi late Christmas morning for the expected potency of the rotating thunderstorms. Supercells began to develop ahead of the squall line across southern Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama south of the warm front during the afternoon. With such ample wind and speed shear, strong tornadoes developed that afternoon. The most notable tornadoes in NWS Jackson's area were two EF2 tornadoes in Lawrence and southern Forrest counties that destroyed several mobile homes and campers, snapped power poles, and uprooted or snapped hundreds of trees. Luckily, no fatalities occurred in association with the tornadoes. The tornado damage in Forrest County was part of a 61 mile long tornado that began in Pearl River County Mississippi, where EF-3 damage occurred, and ended in western Greene County. Numerous trees were reported down across much of central Mississippi from the advancing squall line and its damaging straight-line winds. Flash flooding also occurred across many areas leading to road closures. The severe weather and cold front finally cleared Mississippi by early Christmas evening.

MISSISSIPPI, North Lafayette County 1 SE Denmark 08 2112CST 2117CST 0 0 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Straight line winds knocked down trees and power lines near Denmark.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Pontotoc County 3 N Thaxton 08 2127CST 2132CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Penny to quarter size hail reported near Thaxton. An upper level disturbance moved out of the Lower Mississippi Valley and triggered a few thunderstorms across North Mississippi during the evening of December 8, 2012. One storm dropped large hail and produced damaging winds.

MISSISSIPPI, South Pearl River County 2 SW Pearl River Co Arpt 09 1550CST 1555CST 2.47 20 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

A weak tornado touched down a couple of times just south of Poplarville, causing minor property damage. A pool was overturned and minor damage was reported to a mobile home on Dupont Harts Chapel Road. A porch and an outbuilding were damaged at a residence on Highway 53. Path length was approximately 1.5 miles and path width was 20 yards. Maximum winds were estimated at 70 mph. A weak tornado developed along a sea breeze boundary in Pearl River County during the afternoon hours.

121 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, South Walthall County 1 S Simonds 10 0752CST 6 ENE Flowers 0819CST 16.33 100 0 0 100.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The tornado initially touched down near the intersection of Highway 27 and Simon Road. The storm moved northeast causing sporadic EF-0 damage for a few miles roughly along Simon and Taylor Roads. Near the intersection of Simon and Allen Hill roads, the tornado destroyed a metal building and threw the debris 200 to 300 yards down it's path. The storm strengthened as it neared Highway 48, causing more significant damage. Two homes suffered moderate damage to a brick facade, and roofing and a dairy barn was destroyed near the crossing of Dexter Road and Highway 48. The tornado then crossed Highway 48 and continued to cause significant damage to trees with some minor damage to a few more structures. It also picked up several large hay bales and threw them 75 to 100 feet. The tornado began to weaken as it approached the Walthall/Marion County line, but did continue to cause damage for a few more miles into Marion County per survey results from WFO Jackson MS. Estimated maximum wind speed in Walthall County was 100 mph.

A cold front moving through southeast Louisiana and southern Mississippi triggered numerous thunderstorms. A few of the storms triggered tornadoes including one in southern Walthall County.

Jackson County Vancleave 20 0940CST 0 0 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

A woman reported wind damage to her home to the local TV station. She reported that she saw rotation in the clouds outside her home after the event. A line of thunderstorms developed ahead of a strong cold front that moved through southern Mississippi during the morning hours. Several reports of severe weather were received. Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph.

Wilkinson County 2 S Centreville 25 1431CST 1433CST 0.5 250 0 0 100.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The tornado first touched down south of Highway 24, just east of the intersection of Highway 33 and Highway 24 on the south side of Centreville. Initially, numerous soft wood trees and a few hard woods were snapped and uprooted, and a few power poles lost their crossmembers. The tornado quickly moved to the east-northeast across Highway 24 uprooting another 6 to 10 trees, one of which clipped a house, bringing down much of the east facing wall. The tornado was 170-200 yards wide at this point and continued into the town of Centreville. A tire service station lost most of its canopy with the columns still standing, and the Centreville Head Start lost its metal awning. The tornado crossed Fort Street with many more trees coming down, one on top of a car. Also along Fort Street, a single-wide mobile home lost most of its exterior walls. On East Howard Street, another tree fell into a house, pinning and injuring a lady. The tornado continued to the east-northeast, leading to another area of significant tree damage, uprooting and snapping numerous hard woods. A residence had minor structural damage leading to the carport partially collapsing. The tornado moved along Highway 48 for about another mile causing light tree damage before lifting. Times were based on radar and eyewitness reports. Maximum wind speed was estimated at 105 mph.

Amite County 4 WSW Ariel 25 1433CST 1438CST 2.25 250 0 1 150.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The tornado first touched down south of Highway 24, just east of the intersection of Highway 33 and Highway 24 on the south side of Centreville. Initially, numerous soft wood trees and a few hard woods were snapped and uprooted, and a few power poles lost their crossmembers. The tornado quickly moved to the east-northeast across Highway 24 uprooting another 6 to 10 trees, one of which clipped a house, bringing down much of the east facing wall. The tornado was 170-200 yards wide at this point and continued into the town of Centreville. A tire service station lost most of its canopy with the columns still standing, and the Centreville Head Start lost its metal awning. The tornado crossed Fort Street with many more trees coming down, one on top of a car. Also along Fort Street, a single-wide mobile home lost most of its exterior walls. On East Howard Street, another tree fell into a house, pinning and injuring a lady. The tornado continued to the east-northeast, leading to another area of significant tree damage, uprooting and snapping numerous hard woods. A residence had minor structural damage leading to the carport partially collapsing. The tornado moved along Highway 48 for about another mile causing light tree damage before lifting. Times were based on radar and eyewitness reports. Maximum wind speed was estimated at 105 mph.

122 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, South Pearl River County 2 SE Mill Creek 25 1520CST 8 N Silver Run 1540CST 24.05 175 0 8 2.50M 0.00K Tornado (EF3)

The tornado initially touched down on Harris Road on the southwest side of McNeil causing EF0 and EF1 damage, where it snapped several pine trees. It moved northeastward and rapidly intensified, resulting in a small area of upper range EF-2 and low end EF-3 damage along Joe Smith Road and Sones Chapel Road. The worst damage occurred when a single story brick veneer triplex dwelling was destroyed with only two small interior walls standing. The tornado weakened after crossing Highway 11, causing mainly tree and minor roof damage, until it re-intensified in the far northeast corner of Pearl River County near Red Hill church Road. It caused upper range EF-1 damage as it was leaving Pearl River County into Stone County. County officials preliminary estimate of 22 homes destroyed, 8 homes with major damage, 16 homes with minor damage and an additional 9 homes affected. Eight people were transported by EMS to area hospitals, although additional minor injuries likely occurred. Maximum winds in Pearl River County were estimated around 140 mph. This tornado continued to track northeast across several more counties in south Mississippi for a total path length of 61 miles. Event times were based on radar and eyewitness accounts.

A strong low pressure system moving across the middle Mississippi River Valley drove a strong cold front through the area. A squall line developed ahead of the cold front with isolated supercells ahead of the squall line. Multiple reports of severe weather were received.

MISSISSIPPI, Southeast Perry County 1 S New Augusta 20 0800CST 0802CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Winds estimated at 60 mph downed trees which blocked Hwy 29 south of New Augusta.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. George County Benndale 20 0815CST 0817CST 0 0 7.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

Winds estimated at 70 mph blew a roof off a deck. Severe thunderstorms developed ahead of an approaching cold front and produced wind damage across parts of southeast Mississippi. Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph. Stone County 10 W Dean Griffin Mem Arp 25 1545CST 5 W Bond 1550CST 8.03 100 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF2)

The tornado moved from northeast Pearl River county into extreme northwest Stone county causing significant damage to a few homes on Magnolia Road. It crossed Highway 26...snapping numerous pine trees in the lake Tac-O-Leen campground. The tornado continued northeast destroying a manufactured home on Will Lee road and heavily damaging several frame houses. A manufactured home was also rolled into a frame house. Emergency Management also reported trees down on Progress Road before the tornado exited Stone County into Forrest County. This tornado segment in Stone County is part of a 61 mile long track tornado that went from central Pearl River County to western Greene County Mississippi.

Perry County 8 WSW Janice 25 1605CST 7 SE Beaumont 1632CST 19.97 200 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF2)

The tornado entered Perry County crossing the Desoto National Forest as an EF-1 tornado approximately 100 yards wide. The tornado increased in strength briefly to EF-2 as it moved across Highway 29 knocking down electrical transmission lines. The tornado crossed Lula Cooley road where it destroyed a manufactured home and hunting camp off Snider Road. The tornado continued northeast as an EF-1 producing damage to a few homes and widespread damage to trees. The tornado left Perry County near Mclain. This tornado segment in Perry County is part of a 61 mile long track tornado that went from central Pearl River County to western Greene County Mississippi.

123 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSISSIPPI, Southeast Greene County 1 SSW Mc Lain 25 1632CST 1634CST 1.39 100 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

The tornado moved through the Mclain area producing roof damage to an elementary school and a few homes...as well as snapping several trees. The tornado lifted near the intersection of Old Mississippi 24 and US Highway 98. This tornado segment in Greene County is part of a 61 mile long track tornado that went from central Pearl River County to western Greene County Mississippi.

George County 6 E Agricola 25 1920CST 1922CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (70EG)

Winds estimated at 80 mph downed trees and caused damage to 2 houses.

A powerful storm system moved out of the plains on Christmas, producing numerous strong storms across southeast Mississippi, southwest Alabama, and the western Florida panhandle out ahead of a strong cold front and accompanying squall line. Multiple tornadoes, some long track, were observed along the central gulf coast region. A total of eight tornadoes were observed across the NWS Mobile county warning area. Note: The estimated wind gust of 70 knots is equivalent to 81 mph.

MISSOURI, Lower

MOZ113-115 Dunklin - Pemiscot 25 1900CST 26 0700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A powerful upper level low pressure system tracked across the Mid-South into the Ohio Valley the night of December 25th, 2012 into the morning of December 26th, 2012. The system brought heavy snow and gusty winds to the Missouri Bootheel. Near-blizzard conditions occurred with visibilities of less than a quarter mile and wind gusts of 35 mph or greater for a couple of hours. Snow accumulations ranged from four to eight inches across the Missouri Bootheel. The strong winds knocked down trees and power lines. Roads were hazardous and numerous accidents occurred as a result.

MISSOURI, Northeast

MOZ009-010 Clark - Scotland 20 0600CST 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A powerful storm system moved from the Southern Plains on Wednesday morning into Michigan by early Friday morning. This brought much needed precipitation to Clark and Scotland Counties in Missouri. Precipitation began to fall as rain on Wednesday evening with isolated thunderstorms occurring Wednesday night into Thursday. A powerful cold front swept through Clark and Scotland Counties on Thursday morning changing the precipitation over to all snow from west to east by mid morning. In addition, winds switched to the northwest and increased rapidly to 20 to 30 mph with gusts as high as 50 mph. This led to a few hours of blowing snow but no major visibility reductions were reported in far northeast Missouri. Conditions began to improve rapidly from west to east on Thursday afternoon as the storm system departed eastward.

124 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSOURI, Northwest MOZ001>007-011> Andrew - Atchison - Buchanan - Caldwell - Cass - Clay - Clinton - Cooper - Daviess - De Kalb - Gentry - 016-020>024-028> Grundy - Harrison - Henry - Holt - Jackson - Johnson - Lafayette - Linn - Livingston - Mercer - Nodaway 030-037>038-043> - Platte - Putnam - Ray - Sullivan - Worth 044-046-054 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Slight improvement in the drought conditions were observed across northwest and west central Missouri. However, D1 to D2 conditions, moderate to severe drought conditions, still prevailed across the area.

20 0100CST 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

MOZ002>006-011> Adair - Andrew - Buchanan - Gentry - Harrison - Holt - Mercer - Nodaway - Worth 012-017-020 20 0100CST 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

MOZ007-013>016 Daviess - De Kalb - Grundy - Putnam - Schuyler - Sullivan 20 0100CST 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

After nearly two years without a significant winter weather event in the local area, a major winter storm impacted the region from the evening of Wednesday December 19th through the morning on Thursday, December 20th. Despite temperatures in the upper 30s to lower 40s, warm and moist air streamed in aloft just after sundown, ingiting showers and thunderstorms across the region. The lightning was prolific at times and a few of the stronger thunderstorms even produced small hail. A powerful cold front then began to sweep across the region after midnight, resulting in a brief period of sleet (and more thunder) before the precipitation changed to snow. As temperatures fell into the 20s, northwest winds increased dramatically, reaching sustained speeds of 20 to 35 mph with frequent gusts of 40 to 50+ mph during the early morning hours. The wind was the greatest impact with this storm, resulting in blizzard conditions as visibilities dropped to near zero for several hours early this morning due to significant blowing snow. Periods of snow fell heaviest across western Missouri during the pre-dawn hours and then shifted toward northeast and mid Missouri by mid to late morning. Strong winds continued throughout the day, with winds chills in the single digits and teens. Snowfall totals generally ranged from 1 to 3 inches across the area, with localized amounts upwards of 5. The heavy wet snow, coupled with the very strong winds resulted in widespread power outages reaching into the tens of thousands by late Thursday morning, although improvements were noted by afternoon as weather conditions improved. Driving conditions were equally impacted, especially during the morning commute with many interstates, major highways and secondary routes suffering from closures due to numerous vehicle accidents. Rainfall during the overnight hours froze to the surface once temperatures fell below freezing, creating a thin glaze of ice beneath the freshly fallen snowfall. The road and weather conditions led to widespread school closings across the area.

MISSOURI, Southeast

MOZ100-107>112- Butler - Carter - Mississippi - New Madrid - Ripley - Scott - Stoddard - Wayne 114 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K Drought

There was no appreciable change in long-term drought conditions during the month of December. Rainfall was below normal during the month of December, but this deficit was partially offset by low evaporation rates from colder winter weather. Moderate drought conditions persisted throughout the month south and west of a line from Cape Girardeau to Marble Hill. Impacts were very few, since the growing season was over for most crops. Farm ponds used for irrigating livestock remained low. At the Cape Girardeau and Poplar Bluff airports, December monthly rainfall was two to two and one-half inches below normal. The drought began in May and continued into January.

MOZ076-086-100- Bollinger - Butler - Cape Girardeau - Carter - Mississippi - New Madrid - Perry - Ripley - Scott - Stoddard 107>112-114 - Wayne 07 0300CST 0900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

125 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSOURI, Southeast

Widespread dense fog blanketed southeast Missouri. Visibility was reduced to one-quarter mile or less. The dense fog was associated with light winds and high humidity in the vicinity of a warm front that was draped across southeast Missouri.

Ripley County 8 N Flatwoods 09 1512CST 1513CST 0.4 150 0 0 100.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

Peak winds were estimated near 100 mph. The average path width was approximately 100 yards. Approximately 150 to 200 trees were snapped or uprooted. One barn and one outbuilding was destroyed. Square hay bales were blown up to 50 feet, and tin from the barn was lofted into nearby trees. A house lost a section of shingles and roof decking about six feet by six feet in area. The damage was near the intersection of State Highway K and County Road K-6, about 13 miles north-northeast of Doniphan.

Butler County Rombauer 09 1610CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

A strong cold front moving across the southern Plains and Mid-Mississippi Valley served as the focus for thunderstorm development. Unseasonably moist air characterized by surface dew points in the mid 60's yielded a marginally unstable air mass, with mixed-layer cape values near 500 j/kg during the afternoon. Strengthening deep-layer southwesterly winds were supportive of isolated supercells and tornadoes.

MOZ108-110 Ripley - Stoddard 20 0800CST 1900CST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K High Wind

MOZ076-086-100- Bollinger - Butler - Cape Girardeau - Carter - Mississippi - New Madrid - Perry - Scott - Wayne 107-109-111>112- 114 20 0800CST 1900CST 0 0 9.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

A strong low pressure system tracked northeast across the St. Louis area into northern Illinois. Strong west winds developed behind a cold front that swept across southeast Missouri. West winds were sustained from 20 to 35 mph, with frequent gusts from 45 to 55 mph. Measured peak wind gusts included: 49 mph at the Cape Girardeau airport and the Doniphan fire weather site, and 48 mph at the Poplar Bluff airport. An unofficial wind gust of 58 mph was measured in Doniphan. Shingles were blown off a roof in Bernie in Stoddard County. Some minor tree damage was reported at scattered locations. Power outages were caused by tree limbs on power lines in East Prairie in Mississippi County.

MOZ087-109>112- Butler - Cape Girardeau - Mississippi - New Madrid - Scott - Stoddard 114 24 0400CST 0900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

Widespread dense fog blanketed parts of southeast Missouri, mainly along and southeast of a line from Poplar Bluff to Cape Girardeau. Visibility was reduced to one-quarter mile or less. The dense fog was associated with light winds and high humidity in the vicinity of a weak low pressure center over western Kentucky.

MOZ087-100-107> Butler - Cape Girardeau - Carter - Mississippi - New Madrid - Ripley - Scott - Stoddard - Wayne 112-114 25 2200CST 26 0700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

MOZ076-086 Bollinger - Perry 26 0000CST 0800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

126 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MISSOURI, Southeast

Near-blizzard conditions affected a large part of southeast Missouri. Total snowfall amounts were generally from 4 to 9 inches, except only 2 or 3 inches from Marble Hill to Perryville and points northwest. For an hour or two, visibility dropped to one- quarter mile in heavy snow, and winds gusted from 35 to 45 mph. The wet, heavy consistency of the snow minimized drifting and blowing of the snow. Some drifts of two to three feet were reported. The snow fell at a very heavy rate in localized bands, in some cases accompanied by thunder and lightning. Snowfall rates in the heaviest bands were from two to three inches per hour. Road conditions were snow-covered and hazardous. Snow plows were able to keep one lane passable on most major highways. Isolated power outages occurred due to the combination of strong winds and heavy wet snow on power lines. A surface low pressure center moved northeast across Middle Tennessee. Strong winds and colder air on the northwest side of the low created a dangerous winter storm.

28 1700CST 29 0000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

MOZ086-100-107> Bollinger - Butler - Cape Girardeau - Carter - Ripley - Scott - Stoddard - Wayne 111 28 1700CST 29 0000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Accumulating snow fell across most of southeast Missouri except for the extreme southeast counties of New Madrid and Mississippi. The Perryville area received the highest amounts, from 5 to 6 inches. In the area of heaviest snow, snowfall rates were from 1 to 2 inches per hour. Specific snowfall amounts included: 3 inches in Cape Girardeau and 2.5 inches seven miles northwest of Poplar Bluff. Roads were snow-covered and hazardous. The wet, heavy snow coated trees and power lines. The precipitation began as a period of rain and sleet, especially from Poplar Bluff to Sikeston and points south. A compact and strong upper-level disturbance moved rapidly east-northeast from Oklahoma. Precipitation rates increased ahead of this disturbance. Very weak instability in the mid-levels of the atmosphere enhanced snowfall rates, with embedded bands of heavy snow. Due to the quick progression of the system, the duration of heavy snow was no more than two to three hours at any given location.

MISSOURI, Southwest

MOZ055-066-077> Barry - Barton - Benton - Cedar - Christian - Dallas - Greene - Jasper - Lawrence - McDonald - Newton - 080-088-090>091- Oregon - Polk - Shannon - St. Clair - Stone - Taney - Vernon - Webster 093>095-098-101> 01 0000CST 104-106 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

December was drier than normal which strengthen drought conditions across portions of the Missouri Ozarks.

Stone County 1 E Kimberling City 19 2230CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Several trees were blown over. A cold front and associated upper level trough moving across the Midwest developed strong to severe thunderstorms with one isolated report of wind damage. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph.

MONTANA, Central

MTZ009-055 Gallatin - North Rocky Mountain Front 01 0000MST 03 0500MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

MTZ009-048 North Rocky Mountain Front - Southern Rocky Mountain Front 01 0300MST 1900MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

MTZ008-015-050- Beaverhead - Broadwater - Gallatin - Jefferson - Judith Basin - Madison 052-055 02 0200MST 1700MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

127 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MONTANA, Central MTZ050 Judith Basin 03 0330MST 0430MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A phenomena-based heavy snow event occurred in far southwest Montana including the West Yellowstone/Big Sky areas. In addition, heavy snow fell in areas above 5000 feet along the Rocky Mountain Front. High winds were also seen across a large portion of Central Montana.

MTZ009-048 North Rocky Mountain Front - Southern Rocky Mountain Front 04 1500MST 1730MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

MTZ010>012-044- Blaine - Cascade - Eastern Glacier - Eastern Teton - Fergus - Hill - Southern Rocky Mountain Front - 047>049-051 Toole 05 0800MST 2030MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A high wind event over much of Central Montana produced numerous reports of warning criteria winds.

MTZ009-011-014- Cascade - Hill - Jefferson - Judith Basin - Meagher - North Rocky Mountain Front - Southern Lewis and 048-050-052-054 Clark - Southern Rocky Mountain Front 07 0300MST 08 0700MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A low pressure system moved through the region bringing heavy snow, mainly to higher elevations, to portions of Central and North Central Montana.

MTZ055 Gallatin 09 2300MST 10 0900MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

MTZ054 Meagher 10 0200MST 1100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A low pressure system brought strong winds to the Rocky Mountain Front and adjacent plains as well as new snow in the mountains of Southwest Montana.

MTZ009-048-050 Judith Basin - North Rocky Mountain Front - Southern Rocky Mountain Front

11 0500MST 1500MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

High winds reached warning criteria over portions of North Central and Central Montana.

MTZ015 Madison 11 1630MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow 12 A low pressure system moving over Southwest Montana brought heavy snow to the mountains.

11 2000MST 2100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

High winds reached warning criteria over portions of North Central and Central Montana.

12 0200MST 1400MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A low pressure system moving over Southwest Montana brought heavy snow to the mountains.

128 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MONTANA, Central MTZ009 North Rocky Mountain Front 13 0500MST 1500MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

High winds were measured over the Northern Rocky Mountain Front, mostly in and around Glacier Park.

MTZ009-015-048 Madison - North Rocky Mountain Front - Southern Rocky Mountain Front

17 0000MST 1600MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

High winds over the Continental Divide were measured at warning level along both the Rocky Mountain Front and Southwest Montana.

MTZ009-012-015 Cascade - Madison - North Rocky Mountain Front 20 0100MST 1400MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

High winds were measured over the Northern Rocky Mountain Front as well as Central and Southwest Montana mountains.

MONTANA, East

MTZ060 Little Rocky Mountains 02 2251MST 03 1345MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

With strong low pressure to the northeast and high pressure to the southwest, a tight pressure gradient set up across central Montana, which favored the development of strong and gusty surface winds across portions of central Montana.

MTZ017 Central and Southern Valley 07 1800MST 08 1400MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Accumulating snowfall was reported through portions of the region.

MONTANA, South

MTZ035-064>066 Beartooth Foothills - Livingston Area - Paradise Valley - Yellowstone

02 0630MST 2024MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong area of low pressure moved across the area resulting in high winds for portions of the Billings Forecast Area.

MTZ065 Livingston Area 19 2259MST 20 1311MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

MTZ066 Beartooth Foothills 20 1411MST 1900MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Tight pressure gradients along the eastern slopes of the Beartooth/Absaroka Mountains resulted in high winds during the afternoon and evening hours of the 19th and 20th.

129 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MONTANA, West MTZ004 Lower Clark Fork Region 01 1853MST 02 1427MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

MTZ007 Butte/Blackfoot Region 02 0545MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

MTZ002 West Glacier Region 02 0700MST 2130MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Southwest flow brought above normal Pacific moisture impacting mainly higher elevations of the Northern Rockies where snow amounts between 5 to 8 inches fell.

MTZ001 Kootenai/Cabinet Region 06 1700MST 07 1730MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

MTZ002>005 Flathead/Mission Valleys - Lower Clark Fork Region - Missoula/Bitterroot Valleys - West Glacier Region

07 1120MST 08 1937MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Several organized and unusually long west-to-east oriented bands of heavy snow developed across north-central Idaho by late afternoon and moved into western Montana by the evening hours on December 7. Snowfall rates of up to 3 inch per hour were reported underneath the bands. Multiple car accidents and slide-offs were also reported during this event.

MTZ001-004 Kootenai/Cabinet Region - Lower Clark Fork Region 16 1935MST 17 1435MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

MTZ007 Butte/Blackfoot Region 16 2310MST 17 1010MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

MTZ005 Missoula/Bitterroot Valleys 17 0131MST 0936MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

MTZ001 Kootenai/Cabinet Region 17 0500MST 1700MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

MTZ002 West Glacier Region 17 0500MST 18 0715MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A west to east oriented 150 knot upper level jet moves south of the area while heavy snow fell across sections of northwest Montana and also by the Continental Divide. Light to moderate snow accumulations fell across valleys of the remainder of west -central Montana before and during the morning commute.

MTZ001 Kootenai/Cabinet Region 19 1800MST 20 1614MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

19 1830MST 20 1420MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

130 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

MONTANA, West

A moist overrunning snow event that brought up to 10 inches across northwest Montana. There were multiple car slide-offs and accidents that were reported during this event. During the storm, a person in an automobile was killed (indirect) when their vehicle lost control in the snow and hit another vehicle head-on.

NEBRASKA, Central

NEZ004>010-022> Arthur - Blaine - Boyd - Brown - Chase - Custer - Deuel - Eastern Cherry - Frontier - Garden - Garfield - 029-035>038-056> Grant - Hayes - Holt - Hooker - Keith - Keya Paha - Lincoln - Logan - Loup - McPherson - Perkins - Rock 059-069>071-094 - Sheridan - Thomas - Western Cherry - Wheeler 01 0000MST 31 2359MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

The drought persisted into December with Exceptional Drought (D4) condition. In December rainfall was below normal and the average daily mean temperatures were 1 to 5 degrees above normal. The USDA reported that 49 percent of Nebraskas Wheat crop was in Poor to Very Poor condition for the month of December.

NEZ056-057 Deuel - Keith 19 0600MST 2100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

NEZ058-069 Chase - Lincoln - Perkins 19 0900MST 2100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

NEZ037-059 Custer - Lincoln - Logan 19 0900CST 2200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

NEZ070-071 Frontier - Hayes 19 1000CST 2200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

An intense winter storm tracked from southeastern Colorado into Nebraska. The winter storm brought winter storm and blizzard conditions to portions of the southeast panhandle into southwest and central Nebraska on December 19, 2012.

NEBRASKA, East

NEZ011-015>018- Antelope - Boone - Burt - Butler - Cass - Cedar - Colfax - Cuming - Dodge - Douglas - Gage - Jefferson - 030>034-042>045- Johnson - Knox - Lancaster - Madison - Nemaha - Otoe - Pawnee - Pierce - Platte - Richardson - Saline - 050>053-065>068- Sarpy - Saunders - Seward - Stanton - Thurston - Washington - Wayne 078-088>093 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Drought conditions improved little across eastern Nebraska during December although some areas of southeast and east central Nebraska received 1 to 1.5 inches or more of precipitation, in some cases more than 1/2 inch above normal. Precipitation across the far southeast and far northeast parts of the state was around or a little below 1/2 inch. Thus, Exceptional Drought conditions continued in northeast Nebraska near and northwest of a line from Columbus to Pender with the Drought intensity remaining in the Extreme category southeast of there from around Lincoln and Beatrice northeast through Omaha and Tekamah. Conditions were slightly better southeast of Lincoln and Omaha, but they were still in the Severe category. The drought persisted into January.

NEZ034-042>045- Burt - Butler - Cass - Colfax - Dodge - Douglas - Lancaster - Platte - Saline - Sarpy - Saunders - Seward - 050>053-065>067- Washington 078 19 1300CST 20 1230CST 0 0 Winter Storm

131 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEBRASKA, East NEZ050-065-078 Butler - Saline - Seward 19 1900CST 20 0400CST 0 0 Blizzard

NEZ068 Otoe 19 2000CST 20 1100CST 0 0 Winter Storm

NEZ034-044-051> Burt - Dodge - Douglas - Lancaster - Saunders - Washington 052-066 19 2100CST 20 0800CST 0 0 Blizzard

NEZ053-067-068 Cass - Otoe - Sarpy 20 0000CST 1000CST 0 0 Blizzard

A winter storm developed over the western United States on December 18th, and then moved into the central Plains on the 19th producing heavy snow, localized areas of sleet and freezing rain, and in some areas blizzard conditions. Light rain developed during the late morning and early afternoon on December 19th as moisture spread north into the area from the south. As cooler air worked into the storm system from the north, the rain mixed with and eventually changed over to snow. The change over from rain to snow initially occurred over central Nebraska, spreading into northeast and east central Nebraska, and eventually west central Iowa by mid to late afternoon. Snowfall coverage and intensity increased into the evening hours as the upper level storm system moved through Kansas. Areas of thunder snow were reported in parts of east central Nebraska and southwest Iowa. The snow mixed with sleet and freezing rain over parts of southwest Iowa during the event before finally changing over to all snow just before midnight. The change-over from rain to snow also occurred just before midnight over parts of far southeast Nebraska. As the area of surface low pressure deepened and moved through Missouri toward eastern Iowa, northwest winds increased across eastern Nebraska and western Iowa. Wind speeds of 40 to 50 mph were common from late evening on the 19th into the morning hours of the 20th. The combination of falling temperatures and increasing winds led to significant blowing and drifting of snow and areas of blizzard conditions, especially in open areas. Winds also combined with the initially heavy wet nature of the snow to create power outages for over 45,000 customers across the area. The heaviest snow fell in a band from Butler and Seward County in Nebraska, through the Omaha and Lincoln metro areas, and into west central Iowa. In this band 8 to 10 inches of snow were common with isolated amounts up to 10 inches reported in Saunders and Sarpy County in Nebraska. To the north and the south of this band snowfall amounts were lighter with 3 to 6 inches common. There were also reports of over a quarter inch of sleet and freezing rain in southwest Iowa around Page County, before the precipitation switched over to all snow. The storm finally came to an end by mid day on the 20th as the system pushed off to the east and the winds diminished.

NEZ011-018 Knox - Wayne 27 0700CST 28 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

An upper level system that lifted across the central plains brought a 12 to 24 hour period of snow to northeast Nebraska as an area of surface low pressure tracked slowly across the area. Snow amounts were mostly 3 to 4 inches, but isolated locations picked up 6 to 8, including nearly 8 inches at Verdel, 7 inches in Wayne and nearly 6 inches at Bloomfield. With cold air in place during the event, snow to liquid ratios were high, generally 20 to 1 to higher.

NEBRASKA, Extreme Northeast

NEZ013-014 Dakota - Dixon 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K Drought

Drought conditions continued over extreme northeast Nebraska in December. Although precipitation was generally normal to above normal...the amount of excess over the low winter normals was not enough to relieve the dry conditions. The effects of the drought on farmers and ranchers continued, with the poor condition of winter wheat, and the low stock of winter feed for livestock. Hunting was also affected according to conservation officers, with low pheasant numbers, and disease in the deer population. There were few remaining water restrictions given the much lower water usage compared with the summer and fall, but the low soil moisture levels presented a bleak outlook for the next spring and summer without a very significant increase in precipitation over the winter. Drought was generally listed as continued severe to extreme for the area.

27 0800CST 28 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

132 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEBRASKA, Extreme Northeast NEZ014 Dakota 27 0800CST 28 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Occasional snow over extreme northeast Nebraska produced accumulations of 4 to 6 inches from the morning of December 27th to the afternoon of December 28th. The snow was accompanied by generally light winds.

NEBRASKA, Extreme Southwest

NEZ079>081 Dundy - Hitchcock - Red Willow 19 1200MST 2030MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A strong cold front moved through extreme Southwest Nebraska during the early afternoon. Behind the front winds were strong, with gusts of 52 MPH reported at McCook. As snow began to fall during the afternoon, the strong winds and blowing snow lead to visibilities of a quarter mile or less, with many locations reporting white-out conditions. The lack of visibility caused most of the area roads to be closed until the storm passed.

NEBRASKA, South Central

NEZ039>041-046> Adams - Buffalo - Clay - Dawson - Fillmore - Franklin - Furnas - Gosper - Greeley - Hall - Hamilton - 049-060>064-072> Harlan - Howard - Kearney - Merrick - Nance - Nuckolls - Phelps - Polk - Sherman - Thayer - Valley - 077-082>087 Webster - York 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, December marked the sixth consecutive month of severe (or worse) drought across South Central Nebraska, as the latter half of 2012 marked its place in history as one of the worst droughts since the 1950s. For the year as a whole, the vast majority of the 24-county area only measured between 40-80 percent of normal precipitation, with only a small portion of Clay County finishing the year near-normal. In terms of percent-of-normal annual precipitation, one of the driest sites during 2012 was Grand Island (Central Nebraska Regional Airport), which established its driest year on record with only 11.55 inches...a notable 15.11 below normal. Focusing solely on December, despite a welcome change of pace featuring above normal precipitation for most (but not all) of the area, all 24 counties remained under a federally-designated drought disaster. According to weekly issuances of the U.S. Drought Monitor, there was essentially no change whatsoever in drought classification during the month. Category D4 exceptional drought (the worst possible category) remained firmly in place across all or part of 15 counties, primarily those north of Interstate 80 and also west of Highway 183. Meanwhile, category D3 extreme drought persisted across most of the other nine counties, while only a small sliver of category D2 severe drought held on in southern Thayer County. Based on reports from around 50 NWS cooperative observers, and also incorporating radar-derived estimation, roughly 85 percent of the area realized above normal precipitation in December (per normals generally between 0.50-1.00). The majority of this much- needed precipitation was associated with two winter storms. The first of these slammed most areas with blizzard conditions and several inches of snow on the 19th, with the highest snow totals of at least 6-9 focused within a southwest-to-northeast swath including places such as Holdrege, Hastings and York. A less-intense snowfall event on the 31st blanketed southern counties mainly between Highway 6 and the Kansas border with 2-4. Per NWS cooperative observers, a few of the highest December precipitation totals included 1.81 near Gresham, 1.77 at Central City and 1.69 at Hastings. On the drier side of things, and continuing trends from the past several months, the limited area that measured below normal precipitation was largely confined to a few northwestern counties including Valley, Greeley, Sherman and Dawson. Within these counties, a few of the lowest monthly totals included 0.12 at Cozad, 0.31 at Gothenburg and 0.35 at Ord airport. According to the December 31st issuance of the USDA Nebraska Weather and Crops Report, 49 percent of the state-averaged wheat crop was in poor to very poor condition, well below the 74% good-to-excellent rating one year prior. Hay and forage supplies across the state rated 39% short to very short, also in sharp contrast to December 2011 when 96% was adequate to surplus.

NEZ060>064-072> Adams - Buffalo - Clay - Dawson - Fillmore - Franklin - Furnas - Gosper - Hall - Hamilton - Harlan - 077-082>085 Kearney - Phelps - Webster - York 19 1300CST 0000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

NEZ046-047 Howard - Sherman 19 1400CST 0000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

133 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEBRASKA, South Central NEZ039-040 Greeley - Valley 19 1400CST 2300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

NEZ048 Merrick 19 1500CST 20 0100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

NEZ041 Nance 19 1500CST 20 0100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

NEZ049-086-087 Nuckolls - Polk - Thayer 19 1600CST 20 0200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

The first major winter storm of the 2012-2013 season brought widespread snowfall of generally 3 to 9 inches to the entire 24- county area, along with several hours of blizzard conditions to most counties. Officially, this was the first blizzard to blast South Central Nebraska in nearly three years...since the Christmas 2009 event. Wind and blowing snow created white-out conditions during most of the afternoon and evening of Wednesday the 19th, and travel became difficult if not impossible with reports of numerous accidents and road closures, including Interstate 80. Bands of moderate to heavy snow initially overspread most areas during the early to mid-afternoon hours, in some cases starting out as a brief period of rain or a rain/sleet/snow mix. Through the late afternoon and especially evening hours, full-fledged blizzard conditions blossomed as an expansive shield of snow combined with steadily increasing north winds featuring sustained speeds generally 25-35 MPH but frequently gusting 40 -45 MPH. During this time a few lightning strikes (thundersnow) were also noted within the heaviest snow bands. Generally between 8 PM on the 19th and 2 AM on Thursday the 20th, the back edge of moderate to heavy snow gradually cleared South Central Nebraska from west to east, releasing its grip on the Highway 281 corridor around midnight. Even in the wake of falling snow, late night wind speeds were slow to decrease, keeping blowing snow going into the morning hours of the 20th. The highest snowfall amounts of generally 5-9 focused within an east-west swath across the heart of the area, including much of the Interstate 80 and Highway 6 corridors. Per NWS cooperative observers, some of the highest totals included 10 near York, 9.1 at Central City and 8.1 at Hastings. To both the north and south of the primary snowfall zone, lesser amount of 3-4 were more common in the Ord, Greeley, Superior and Hebron areas. Liquid equivalent precipitation exceeded 1 inch in a few areas, including 1.04 at Grand Island. Interestingly, this was the highest calendar-day precipitation total of the entire year in Grand Island, which was quite unusual considering that the wettest days are almost always associated with spring or summer rainfall events. On the synoptic scale, this event was driven by a powerful, expansive mid-upper level trough translating eastward through the Central Plains, and featuring a closed 700 millibar low tracking across the northern half of Kansas. The most intense late afternoon and evening snow bands were associated with stout frontogenesis/deformation on the northwest side of the mid level circulation. At the surface, strong north winds and blizzard conditions were promoted by a tight pressure gradient on the north side of roughly 996 millibar low that tracked along the Kansas/Oklahoma border during the afternoon and evening.

NEZ076-082>087 Clay - Fillmore - Franklin - Furnas - Harlan - Nuckolls - Thayer - Webster

31 0800CST 2230CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

New Year's Eve 2012, a Monday, featured a widespread 2 to 5 inch snowfall across southern portions of South Central Nebraska, mainly south of the Highway 6 corridor. The largest totals focused near the Kansas border, where NWS cooperative observers reported 5 at Red Cloud and Hubbell, 4.5 at Franklin, 4.8 at Nelson and 3 at Wilsonville. Within the far northern edge of the main snowfall area, places such as Holdrege, Hastings and Clay Center only measured between 1-2, while even farther north, most areas along and north of Interstate 80 observed only a very light dusting, if any snow at all. Although the vast majority of accumulating snow fell the daylight hours between 8 AM and 5 PM, very light snow or flurries lingered well past sunset in some places. Despite visibilities reduced to around one-half mile at times, sustained north-northeast winds generally averaged no more than 15 MPH, keeping blowing and drifting snow in check. On the large scale aloft, the primary instigator for this event was an expansive, positively-tilted longwave trough migrating toward the Central Plains from the western United States. On a more localized scale, South Central Nebraska snowfall focused underneath a pronounced band of mid level frontogenesis evident at 700 millibars, and likely tied to the left exit region of a 150+ knot upper jet streak stretched from eastern New Mexico into southern Kansas.

134 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEBRASKA, West NEZ019-054 Banner - Kimball - Scotts Bluff 03 0247MST 0443MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A large surface pressure gradient and strong winds aloft produced sustained northwest winds of 30 to 40 mph with gusts to 60 mph across extreme western portions of the Nebraska Panhandle.

NEVADA, North

NVZ030 Humboldt 02 0840PST 1100PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong Pacific storm system brought high winds to Humboldt county. Wind gusts up to 68 mph were observed.

NVZ036-040 North Lander & North Eureka - Northwestern Nye - South Lander & South Eureka

12 2100PST 13 1300PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A winter storm brought 6 to 8 inches of snow to northwest Nye, Lander, and Eureka counties.

NVZ030-034-039 Humboldt - Ruby Mountains/east Humboldt Range - SOUTH-CENTRAL ELKO

17 0330PST 1400PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong low pressure system moving across southern Oregon and southern Idaho caused strong south winds across portions of northern Nevada. Wind gusts up to 86 mph were observed.

NVZ035 White Pine 17 2200PST 18 1800PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A winter storm dumped up to 19 inches of snow across portions of central Nevada, primarily across White Pine county.

NVZ030-036-038> Humboldt - North Elko County - North Lander & North Eureka - South-Central Elko - Southwestern 039 Elko 25 1330PST 26 1400PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A strong winter storm brought widespread heavy snow to northern Nevada. Many valley locations reported between 6 and 10 inches of snow.

NEVADA, South

NVZ019 Spring Mountains 02 1150PST 1434PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A Pacific storm system brought downslope winds in the lee of the Sierra Nevada and Spring Mountains.

13 1000PST 14 0900PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A Pacific storm system brought isolated heavy snow to the mountains of southern Nevada.

NVZ022 Southern Clark 15 0930PST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K Strong Wind A skydiver died when shifting winds caused his parachute to fail. At least one media source reported the event as a dust devil, but this is doubtful. M51OU

135 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEVADA, South NVZ015 Lincoln County except the Sheep Range 18 1430PST 1800PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A strong low pressure system brought isolated heavy snow to the southern Great Basin and isolated high winds to the Mojave Desert.

NEVADA, West

NVZ003 Greater Reno/Carson City/Minden Area 01 0900PST 02 0700PST 0 0 60.0K 0.00K High Wind

NVZ001-004 Mineral/Southern Lyon - Western Nevada Basin and Range 02 0300PST 1200PST 0 0 20.0K 0.00K High Wind

A warm and moist flow off of the Pacific brought strong winds, heavy rain, and high elevation snow (mostly above 7500 feet) in the Sierra from the 1st through the 3rd. The heavy rain brought areas of minor flooding near the Truckee River and for some secondary roads in the Reno, Carson City, and Dayton areas on the 2nd.

NVZ001 Mineral/Southern Lyon 12 2130PST 13 0800PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Low pressure dropped south through eastern California on the 13th, bringing a persistent band of snow to Mineral County.

NVZ003 Greater Reno/Carson City/Minden Area 21 1200PST 1500PST 0 0 40.0K 0.00K High Wind

NVZ002 Greater Lake Tahoe Area 21 1300PST 23 2200PST 0 0 0.00K Winter Storm

NVZ003 Greater Reno/Carson City/Minden Area 22 0300PST 2200PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Strong, cold low pressure remained over the northeast Pacific from the 21st through early on the 24th bringing heavy snow to the Sierra along with snow and strong wind for far western Nevada.

NVZ002 Greater Lake Tahoe Area 25 1300PST 26 0800PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

NVZ003-004 Greater Reno/Carson City/Minden Area - Western Nevada Basin and Range

25 1400PST 26 0100PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A cold and fast-moving system moved across the northern Pacific and into Nevada on the 26th. The system brought a relatively quick period of heavy snow to the Lake Tahoe area, with some snow spreading into the western Great Basin from the afternoon of the 25th through the morning of the 26th.

136 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW HAMPSHIRE, North and Central

NHZ001 Northern Coos 16 1300EST 18 0500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

An area of low pressure on the morning of the 16th and a developing low off the mid-Atlantic coast produced heavy snow across sections of northern Coos County. Snowfall amounts generally ranged from 6 to 8 inches.

NHZ014 Coastal Rockingham 18 1420EST 1520EST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Coastal Flood

Low pressure strengthened as it moved slowly across the southern New England coastline before reaching coastal Maine on the afternoon of the 18th. This slow movement allowed for heavy rains and a one to two foot storm surge on top of high astronomical tides. Seas reached 11 to 15 feet at high tide on gusty easterly winds. Minor flooding occurred along side streets in the backbay area of Hampton, New Hampshire and minor splash-over occurred in Hampton.

NHZ001>010-013 Belknap - Interior Rockingham - Merrimack - Northern Carroll - Northern Coos - Northern Grafton - Southern Carroll - Southern Coos - Southern Grafton - Strafford - Sullivan 26 2200EST 27 2300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A large area of low pressure intensified as it moved northeast from Tennessee on the morning of the 26th to just southeast of New York City by the morning of the 27th, to Nova Scotia by the morning of the 28th. The storm brought heavy snow to all of the state except coastal Rockingham County. Snowfall amounts ranged fro 6 to 14 inches across most of the state to about an inch in the Seacoast area.

NHZ014 Coastal Rockingham 27 1000EST 1220EST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K Coastal Flood

Low pressure intensified as it slowly moved up the east coast on the 26th of December and into the Gulf of Maine on the 27th. The slow movement allowed for a two to three foot storm surge on top of the normal astronomical tides. Seas rapidly built in the Gulf of Maine, reaching 25 feet during high tide. Strong northeasterly wind gusts approached hurricane force over the coastal waters. Splash-over occurred in Hampton, New Hampshire with moderate flooding closing down Brown, Island Path and Asheworth Streets.

NHZ013 Interior Rockingham 29 1200EST 30 0400EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

An area of low pressure off the Carolina coast on the morning of the 29th moved rapidly northeastward to just south of Nova Scotia by the morning of the 30th as it intensified. The storm brought 4 to 8 inches of snow to interior Rockingham County.

NEW HAMPSHIRE, Southern

NHZ011-015 Cheshire - Hillsborough - Western and Central Hillsborough 26 2000EST 27 0000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Low pressure moved up the coast over Southern New England from the mid-Atlantic. This brought a mixture of wintry precipitation and strong winds to the region.

29 1600EST 30 1200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A rapidly intensifying low moved out of the mid-Atlantic, passing southeast of Southern New England. This spread heavy snow across much of Southern New England, resulting in four to eight inches of snow across the area.

137 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW JERSEY, Northeast

NJZ006-104 Eastern Bergen - Hudson 21 0700EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K High Wind

Bergen County 1 WSW Mahwah 21 1000EST Ridgewood 22 1200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The Ramapo River at Mahwah exceeded its flood stage of 8.0 ft. at 10:00 am. The river crested at 8.52 ft. at 11:00 pm and fell below flood stage at 12:00 pm on December 22, 2012. The Hohokus Brook at Ho-Ho-Kus exceeded its flood stage of 3.0 ft. at 8:00 am. The river crested at 3.24 ft. at 9:15 am and fell below flood stage at 11:15 am.

High winds and river flooding occurred across portions of Northeast New Jersey.

NJZ106 Eastern Essex 26 2000EST 27 0000EST 0 0 1.0K 0.00K High Wind

A deep area of low pressure approached from the southeast, and passed just south of Long Island. High winds from this Nor'Easter resulted in scattered damage.

NJZ006 Hudson 27 0700EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Coastal Flood

Low pressure taking shape over the Southern Plains and Lower Mississippi Valley on Christmas Day intensified into a nor'easter as it moved into the Tennessee Valley on the 26th, passing just south of Long Island the morning of the 27th and then moving to Nova Scotia on the 28th. This system brought strong east winds to the region the 26th into the morning of 27th, which resulted in 3 to 5 feet of storm surge and widespread minor to locally moderate coastal flooding along the coast.

NJZ004 Eastern Passaic 29 1200EST 2015EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A complex low pressure system entering the Ohio Valley on December 28th transferred its energy to a secondary low along the North Carolina coast on the 29th. The secondary low intensifed into a nor'easter off the Mid Atlantic and New England coasts later on the 29th, and brought isolated snowfall amounts up to 6 inches across Eastern Passaic County.

NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest

NJZ001-007>010 Hunterdon - Morris - Somerset - Sussex - Warren 07 0700EST 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A southwest flow of milder air aloft preceding a cold front and riding over at or below freezing temperatures at the surface produced light freezing rain and sleet during the morning commute on the 7th across the western Raritan Basin and northwest New Jersey. Ice accretions were generally just a couple of hundredths of an inch, but untreated roadways were icy and hazardous. In Warren County, the State Police from Hope responded to twenty vehicle accidents in a three hour period. Five accidents (with one injury) alone occurred on Interstate 80 in Knowlton Township. A mixture of sleet and light freezing rain overspread the area between 7 a.m. EST and 9 a.m. EST on the 7th. For most of the area, temperatures rose above freezing around 10 a.m. EST in the western Raritan Basin and between 11 a.m. EST and 1 p.m. EST in northwest New Jersey on the 7th as the wintry mix changed to light rain.

NJZ016>019-021- Camden - Cumberland - Eastern Cape May - Gloucester - Northwestern Burlington - Salem - Western 023>024 Cape May 21 0000EST 1400EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Coastal Flood

138 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest NJZ016>019-021> Camden - Cumberland - Eastern Atlantic - Eastern Cape May - Gloucester - Northwestern Burlington - 025-027 Salem - Southeastern Burlington - Western Atlantic - Western Cape May 21 0300EST 0830EST 0 0 8.5K 0.00K Strong Wind

NJZ017 Gloucester 21 0405EST 0500EST 0 0 1.0K 0.00K High Wind

Hunterdon County 2 SE Riegel Ridge 21 0420EST Glen Gardner 1500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Flooding caused the closure of U.S. Route 22 in Readington Township west of Oldwick Road (County Route 523) for two hours on the morning of the 21st. In Raritan Township, both Dayton and Hampton Corner Roads were flooded by the Neshanic River. The flooding also covered sections of the Copper Hill Country Club. The Spruce Run at Glen Gardner was above its 4.5 foot flood stage from 427 a.m. EST through 1245 p.m. EST on the 21st. It crested at 6.63 feet at 815 a.m. EST on the 21st. The Neshanic at Reaville was above its 5 foot flood stage from 452 a.m. EST through 258 p.m. EST on the 21st. It crested at 8.44 feet at 945 a.m. EST on the 21st. Event precipitation totals included 3.01 inches in Stockton, 2.48 inches in Franklin Township, 2.41 inches in Tewksbury Township, 2.39 inches in Clinton, 2.09 inches in Lambertville, 2.06 inches in Flemington and 2.05 inches in Alexandria Township.

NJZ012>015-020- Eastern Monmouth - Eastern Ocean - Mercer - Middlesex - Western Monmouth - Western Ocean 026 21 0430EST 0830EST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

Warren County 1 WNW Hackettstown 21 0500EST 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain caused flooding along the Hackery Brook in Hackettstown. Both Manor Drive and East Baldwin Street were flooded and closed around the waterway. Event precipitation totals included 2.33 inches in White Township, 2.30 inches in Hackettstown, 2.26 inches in Stewartsville, 2.16 inches in Broadway, 2.15 inches in Allamuchy Township, 2.05 inches in Phillipsburg, 1.91 inches in Belvidere and 1.78 inches in Blairstown.

NJZ019 Northwestern Burlington 21 0510EST 0650EST 0 0 1.0K 0.00K High Wind

NJZ009-010 Hunterdon - Somerset 21 0530EST 0700EST 0 0 1.5K 0.00K Strong Wind

Morris County 1 ESE Green Pond Jct 21 0600EST 1 WSW Riverdale 23 0546EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

139 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest

The East Ditch at Beaver Brook Road was above its 2.5 foot flood stage from 602 a.m. EST through 822 p.m. EST on the 21st. It crested at 3.32 feet at 1110 a.m. EST on the 21st. The Macopin Dam at Pequannock was above its 5.5 foot flood stage from 451 p.m. EST on the 21st through 150 a.m. EST on the 22nd. It crested at 6.39 feet at 1120 p.m. EST on the 21st. The Rockaway at Boonton below the reservoir was above its 5 foot flood stage from 933 p.m. EST on the 21st through 1145 p.m. EST on the 22nd. It crested at 5.56 feet at 530 a.m. EST on the 22nd. The Pompton River at Ryerson Road was above its 12 foot flood stage from 711 a.m. EST on the 22nd through 135 a.m. EST on the 23rd. It crested at 12.59 feet at 225 p.m. EST on the 22nd. Farther downstream, the Pompton River at Midwood was above its 7.5 foot flood stage from 651 a.m. EST on the 22nd through 546 a.m. EST on the 23rd. It crested at 8.08 feet at 4 p.m. EST on the 22nd. Event precipitation totals included 3.11 inches in Jefferson Township, 2.66 inches in Rockaway, 2.62 inches in Mansfield Township, 2.52 inches in Mine Hill Township and 2.40 inches in Randolph Township.

NJZ013-014 Eastern Monmouth - Western Monmouth 21 0705EST 0800EST 0 0 13.0K 0.00K High Wind

Somerset County North Branch 21 0830EST 2 NNE Sunset Hill Garden 22 1700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The North Branch of the Raritan River at North Branch was above its 12.3 foot flood stage from 1238 p.m. EST through 344 p.m. EST on the 21st. It crested at 12.53 feet at 215 p.m. EST on the 21st. Farther downstream, the North Branch of the Raritan River at South Branch was above its 7 foot flood stage from 832 a.m. EST through 902 p.m. EST on the 21st. It crested at 9.01 feet at 415 p.m. EST on the 21st. The Millstone River at Griggstown was above its 10 foot flood stage from 1240 p.m. EST on the 21st through 5 p.m. EST on the 22nd. It crested at 11.14 feet at 315 a.m. EST on the 22nd. Event precipitation totals included 1.82 inches in Bedminster Township, 1.70 inches in Bernards Township, 1.62 inches at the Somerville Airport, 1.61 inches in Pottersville, 1.60 inches in Peapack-Gladstone and Branchburg Township, 1.56 inches in Bridgewater Township, 1.55 inches in Hillsborough Township, 1.48 inches in Bound Brook and 1.46 inches in Warren Township.

Warren County 1 E Manunka Chunk 21 1300EST 1 NE Hazen 2215EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The Pequest River at Pequest was above its 4 foot flood stage from 102 p.m. EST through 1015 p.m. EST on the 21st. It crested at 4.14 feet at 330 p.m. EST on the 21st. Event precipitation totals included 2.30 inches in Oxford Township, 2.26 inches in Stewartsville, 2.16 inches in Broadway, 2.15 inches in Allamuchy Township, 2.05 inches in Phillipsburg, 1.91 inches in Belvidere and 1.78 inches in Blairstown.

A deep low pressure system tracked across the Lower Great Lakes northeastward into the St. Lawrence Valley from the evening of the 20th into the daytime of the 21st. Its associated strong cold front swept eastward through the Mid Atlantic region and across New Jersey during the early morning of the 21st. In addition, a secondary area of low pressure formed along the frontal boundary, west of Delaware Bay, and deepened rapidly. The approaching cold front and the deepening secondary low pressure produced a strong southeasterly flow over the region that resulted in peak wind gusts ranging from 46 mph to 64 mph across the state. About 35,000 homes and businesses lost power because of downed trees, tree limbs and wires. In addition, the significant southeast flow allowed water to pile up along the New Jersey shore and into Delaware Bay, producing minor to moderate coastal flooding at the time of high tide on the morning of the 21st. Tidal flooding increased further along tidal sections of the Delaware River as major flooding occurred. Moderate to heavy rain fell across the state, with storm totals ranging between 1 to 3 inches. This rain resulted in some mainly minor flooding of smaller streams and creeks in southern New Jersey. The strong onshore flow contributed to higher high tides with minor to moderate tidal flooding occurring along the southern New Jersey oceanfront and in Barnegat Bay. In Ocean County, tidal flooding was reported on the barrier island section of Brick Township. In Toms River Township, tidal flooding was reported in the Green Island and Silverton sections of the township on Barnegat Bay. High tide at Atlantic City Reached 6.71 feet above mean lower low water. Minor tidal flooding starts at 6.0 feet above mean lower low water. High tide at Cape May reached 7.82 feet above mean lower low water. Moderate tidal flooding starts at 7.7 feet above mean lower low water.

The southeasterly flow pushed water up the Delaware Bay and into the tidal portions of the Delaware River, causing major tidal flooding to occur. Major tidal flooding occurred in both Philadelphia and Reedy Point. High tide at Reedy Point reached 9.2 feet above mean lower low water. Major tidal flooding starts at 9.2 feet above mean lower low water. High tide in Philadelphia reached 10.35 feet above mean lower low water. This was the third highest tide on record. Major tidal flooding starts at 10.2 feet above mean lower low water. The high tide reached 11.13 feet above mean lower low water in Burlington City (Burlington). There are no established levels of tidal flooding at this site.

140 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest

In Cumberland County, tidal flooding along the bay and the Maurice River caused water to spill over the causeway. In addition, a dike was broken in Maurice River Township near Matts Landing Road. Flooding was reported along Route 47. In Maurice River Township, Main Street in Dorchester was covered in 4 to 5 feet of water and Beaver Dam Road and County Route 553 were covered with 2 feet of water. In Commercial Township, homes in Bivalve and Port Norris were surrounded by water. Cove Road was flooded and closed. In Downe Township, the tides and waves knocked down bulkheads and forced the displacement of two families. One thousand feet of unpaved road was also reported to be washed away in Gandys Beach.

In Salem County, tidal flooding closed Hook Road in Pennsville Township (along the Salem Canal), Sinnickson Landing Road (along the Salem River) in Elsinboro Township, New Jersey State Route 45 in Salem (along the Salem River) and County Route 540 in Mannington Township (along the Salem Creek). Tidal flooding also affected the Penns Grove Carneys Point Library again. Tidal flooding off of Oldmans Creek flooded Woodstown-Pedericktown Road. The tidal surge combined with freshwater runoff to cause flooding of Acton Station Road in Mannington Township and Alloway-Quinton Road in Alloway and Quinton Townships. In Gloucester County, several roadways were closed due to tidal flooding. In Logan Township, High Hill Road off the Raccoon Creek and Center Square Road off of Oldmans Creek were flooded. In West Deptford Township, Crown Point Road was closed between the Mid Atlantic Parkway and Mantua Grove Road off of the Main Ditch. Tidal flooding was reported along the Big Timber Creek near Westville. Water was reported to have entered at least one home in the area. Parts of Route 130 and Route 47 were closed due to flooding in the area. In Camden County, a combination of tidal and freshwater flooding caused lanes on the Admiral Wilson Boulevard to be blocked as far east as New Jersey State Route 38. Flooding was also reported at the Brooklawn Circle and U.S. Route 130 in Gloucester City (Off of the South Branch of the Big Timber Creek), where the highway was closed in both directions. In Burlington County, home evacuations were performed due to tidal flooding in Burlington City.

In Southern New Jersey, wind related power outages were concentrated in Cumberland and Salem Counties. The Gloucester County College and Institute of Technology canceled classes on the 21st because of power outages. A downed pole closed a section of New Jersey State Route 47 in Gloucester County. In central New Jersey, power outages were concentrated in the Toms River area. In Northern New Jersey, approximately 27,000 homes and businesses lost power. Some of the more concentrated outages were in Pequannock and East Hanover in Morris County. In Hunterdon County, downed trees, poles and wires closed roadways in East and West Amwell Townships. Peak wind gusts included 64 mph in Sandy Hook (Monmouth County), 62 mph in Burlington (Burlington County), 59 mph in Eatontown (Monmouth County), 58 mph in Westville (Gloucester County), 57 mph in Sea Girt (Monmouth County) and at North Beach (Ocean County), 56 mph at the Millville Airport (Cumberland County), 55 mph in Tuckerton (Ocean County), 54 mph in Seaside Heights (Ocean County) and in Mullica Township (Atlantic County), 52 mph in Ocean City (Cape May County) and at McGuire Air Force Base (Burlington County) and also at the intersection of Interstate 78 and County Road 525 (Somerset County), 51 mph at the Atlantic City International Airport (Atlantic County), 50 mph in Hamilton (Mercer County) and also at the intersection of I-295 and Route 140 (Salem County), 49 mph in Upper Deerfield Township (Cumberland County), 48 mph at Cape May Harbor (Cape May County) and at the Belmar-Farmingdale Airport (Monmouth County), 47 mph at the Trenton Airport (Mercer County) and in New Brunswick (Middlesex County) and also in Harvey Cedars (Ocean County), and 46 mph in Pittstown (Hunterdon County). Strong winds occurred throughout central to southern parts of the state, beginning a few hours prior to daybreak and ending soon after sunrise on the 21st. A few areas also recorded high winds during this timeframe. Winds decreased by mid-morning following the passage of the surface cold front.

NJZ001-007>010- Camden - Cumberland - Eastern Atlantic - Eastern Cape May - Eastern Monmouth - Eastern Ocean - 012>027 Gloucester - Hunterdon - Mercer - Middlesex - Morris - Northwestern Burlington - Salem - Somerset - Southeastern Burlington - Sussex - Warren - Western Atlantic - Western Cape May - Western Monmouth - Western Ocean

22 0900EST 1800EST 0 0 25.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

Strong west winds followed in the wake of the departing low pressure system during the day on the 22nd in New Jersey. Peak wind gusts averaged around 45 mph inland and around 50 mph along the coast and knocked down additional weak trees, tree limbs and wires. Peak wind gusts included 53 mph in Cape May (Cape May County), 51 mph in Brick and Tuckerton (Ocean County), 50 mph at High Point (Sussex County), 48 mph in Eatontown (Monmouth County), 47 mph in Sandy Hook (Monmouth County) and Monmouth Beach (Monmouth County), 45 mph in Perth Amboy (Middlesex County) and Woodbine (Cape May County) and 43 mph at the Atlantic City International Airport (Atlantic County) and Millville (Cumberland County). The strong winds were caused by the pressure difference between the departing intense low pressure system as moved northeast along the Saint Lawrence River and an approaching high pressure system from the Mississippi Valley.

NJZ001-007>010 Hunterdon - Morris - Somerset - Sussex - Warren 24 1800EST 0500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

141 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest

A quick moving low pressure system dropped one to two inches of snow across Northwest New Jersey and the Upper Raritan River Basin during the evening and overnight of the 24th and gave those areas a White Christmas. Snow started falling across the central and northern parts of New Jersey during the late afternoon and early evening of the 24th. As warmer air moved in, the snow changed to rain in central New Jersey, but light snow fell through the night in northwest New Jersey. The greatest impact was poor driving visibilities. Representative snowfall included 2.0 inches in Phillipsburg (Warren County) and Lebanon (Hunterdon County), 1.5 inches in Greenbrook Township (Somerset County) and Flemington (Hunterdon County), 1.4 inches in Stewartsville (Warren County), 1.2 inches in Butler (Morris County), 1.1 inches in Rockaway (Morris County) and 1.0 inch in Kingwood (Hunterdon County), Bridgewater (Somerset County) and Wantage (Sussex County). The snow was caused by a low pressure system that moved northeast through the Ohio Valley on the 24th and reached Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania at 7 p.m. EST. Overnight the low moved east and then reformed off the New Jersey coast on the morning of the 25th on its way farther offshore.

26 1300EST 1800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

NJZ010 Somerset 26 1300EST 1700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

NJZ001 Sussex 26 1400EST 27 1200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

NJZ007-008 Morris - Warren 26 1400EST 27 2200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

An intense low pressure system brought a winter storm to Sussex County and a wintry mix in the rest of Northwest New Jersey. A combination of snow, sleet and freezing rain occurred. Snowfall averaged 1 to 4 inches, except around 6 inches in Sussex County. Ice accumulations averaged around one tenth of an inch. The same storm system brought high winds and flooding rains to the eastern part of New Jersey. The wintry mix caused accidents with the greatest impact in Morris and Sussex Counties. There were approximately forty reported accidents on state highways during the first two hours of precipitation. Snow began throughout Northwest New Jersey on the afternoon of the 26th. The snow fell at its heaviest during the second half of the afternoon in Sussex County. As warmer air moved in aloft, the snow changed to sleet in the Raritan Basin during the second half of the afternoon on the 26th, but took most of the evening for this to occur in far Northwest New Jersey. In the Raritan Basin, the sleet changed to freezing rain and then rain during the late afternoon and early evening and rain fell heavy at times late that evening before ending overnight. In the rest of Northwest New Jersey, the sleet changed to freezing rain overnight and precipitation changed back to snow before ending on the morning of the 27th. Sussex County was affected the hardest by the winter storm. In Sparta alone there were twenty reported accidents. In Frankford Township, a mail truck drove through a guard rail on U.S. Route 206. The driver was uninjured. In Warren County, in Hardwick Township, all westbound lanes of Interstate 80 were closed after a tractor trailer overturned. In Morris County, minor accidents were reported in Chatham, Jefferson, Mendham, Mount Olive and Roxbury Townships. In Jefferson Township, an overturned public works truck closed closed East Shawnee Trail. Representative snowfall included 7.2 inches in Highland Lakes (Sussex County), 6.0 inches in Wantage (Sussex County), 5.9 inches in Hardyston Township (Sussex County), 5.5 inches in Montague (Sussex County), 5.2 inches in Vernon Township (Sussex County), 5.0 inches in Sparta (Sussex County), 4.0 inches in Milton (Morris County), 3.8 inches in Butler (Morris County), 2.8 inches in Blairstown (Warren County), 2.5 inches in Marcella (Morris County), 2.3 inches in Hackettstown (Warren County), 2.0 inches in Hope (Warren County) and Watchung (Somerset County), 1.6 inches in Califon (Hunterdon County) and 1.0 inch in Flemington (Hunterdon County). The wintry weather was caused by a low pressure system that moved from Texas on Christmas Day northeast into the Tennessee Valley on the 26th. A secondary low pressure system formed in the Carolinas on the 26th and became the main low. This low moved northeast and passed through southern Delaware on the evening of the 26th and across southeast New Jersey overnight on the 26th. The low pressure system reached the eastern tip of Long Island, New York late in the morning on the 27th. That storm track made it difficult for warm air at the surface to reach northwest New Jersey.

142 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest NJZ022>025-027 Eastern Atlantic - Eastern Cape May - Southeastern Burlington - Western Atlantic - Western Cape May

26 1700EST 2300EST 0 0 25.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

NJZ020-026 Eastern Ocean - Western Ocean 26 2000EST 2300EST 0 0 100.0K 0.00K High Wind

NJZ015-019 Mercer - Northwestern Burlington 26 2000EST 27 0100EST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

NJZ013-014 Eastern Monmouth - Western Monmouth 26 2100EST 27 0000EST 0 0 50.0K 0.00K High Wind

NJZ012 Middlesex 26 2100EST 27 0100EST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

An intense low pressure system brought strong to high northeast winds into central and eastern New Jersey mainly during the evening of the 26th. Peak wind gusts reached hurricane force gusts in Ocean County. The strong to high winds caused some structural damage as well as knocking down trees, tree limbs and wires and caused power outrages. Jersey Central Power and Light reported about 7,000 of its customers lost power in Ocean and Monmouth Counties. The onshore flow also caused minor tidal flooding from Lower Delaware Bay north through Raritan Bay during the evening high tide cycle on the 26th and moderate tidal flooding in Middlesex, Monmouth and Ocean Counties during the morning high tide cycle on the 27th. The tidal flooding was exacerbated by heavy flooding rain that fell during the evening and overnight on the 26th. As the low pressure system moved into New Jersey, the strong to high winds ceased. Because of the adverse weather, New Jersey Transit cross honored bus and rail tickets. Peak wind gusts included 74 mph in Brick (Ocean County), 70 mph in Tuckerton and Barnegat (Ocean County), 68 mph in Harvey Cedars (Ocean County), 61 mph in Sandy Hook (Monmouth County), 58 mph in Monmouth Beach (Monmouth County), 57 mph in Oceanport (Monmouth County), 54 mph in Florence (Burlington County), Point Pleasant and Seaside Heights (Ocean County), 51 mph at the Atlantic City International Airport (Atlantic County), 49 mph in West Cape May (Cape May County), 48 mph in Oceanville (Atlantic County) and 46 mph in Trenton (Mercer County) and the Marina in Atlantic City (Atlantic County). Tidal flooding affected the northern half of New Jersey the hardest. The heavy rain exacerbated the flooding on roadways. In Middlesex County, in Woodbridge, the intersection of Port Reading Avenue and Watson Avenue was closed over the Spring Creek. In Laurence Harbor, tidal flooding occurred between New Jersey State Route 35 and the Monmouth County border with Cliffwood Beach and Aberdeen Township. In Monmouth County, sections of New Jersey State Route 35 in Aberdeen and Hazlet Townships were also flooded and closed. New Jersey State Route 36 in Sea Bright was flooded. In Ocean County, New Jersey State Route 35 was flooded in Mantoloking Borough. Brick Township closed off its part of the barrier islands to traffic and Toms River Township reported some ocean breaches on its barrier islands. In Barnegat Bay, tidal flooding caused the closure of Mandalay and Drum Point Roads. Tidal flooding was reported along Hovsons Boulevard and in the Silverton and Holiday City areas of the township. In Atlantic County, U.S. Route 9 in Absecon and the Black Horse Pike (U.S. Routes 40 and 322) approaching Atlantic City were closed because of tidal flooding. From south to north in the state, the highest tide at Cape May (Cape May County) reached 7.11 feet above mean lower low water. Minor tidal flooding starts at 6.7 feet above mean lower low water. The highest tide at Atlantic City (Atlantic County) reached 6.4 feet above mean lower low water. Minor tidal flooding starts at 6.0 feet above mean lower low water. The highest tide in Sandy Hook (Monmouth County) reached 7.83 feet above mean lower low water. Moderate tidal flooding starts at 7.7 feet above mean lower low water. The morning high tide on the 27th also reached 8.01 feet above mean lower low water at Keansburg (Monmouth County) and 8.93 feet above mean lower low water at South Amboy (Middlesex County). There are no established tide categories for the latter two sites. The strong to high winds and the subsequent tidal flooding were caused by the pressure gradient (difference) between a low pressure system that passed across the southeast part of the state and a high pressure system over nearby New England and southeast Canada. The low itself moved from Texas on Christmas Day northeast into the Tennessee Valley on the 26th. A secondary low pressure system formed in the Carolinas on the 26th and became the main low. This low moved northeast and passed through southern Delaware on the evening of the 26th and across southeast New Jersey overnight on the 26th.

143 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest Hunterdon County Reaville 27 0041EST 1 ENE Copper Hill 0546EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The Neshanic River at Reaville (East Amwell Township) was above its 5 foot flood stage from 1241 a.m. EST through 546 a.m. EST on the 27th. It crested at 5.83 feet at 245 a.m. EST. Event precipitation totals included 1.31 inches in Flemington and 1.14 inches in Readington.

Monmouth County Sea Girt 27 0054EST 1 SW Allenwood 28 0000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

In addition to river flooding, the heavy rain caused flooding of many major roadways in Monmouth County. New Jersey State Route 35 was closed in Holmdel Township, Northbound U.S. Route 9 and all of New Jersey State Route 33 were closed in Howell Township and New Jersey State Route 71 in Sea Girt was also closed.. The Big Brook at Marlboro was above its 18 foot flood stage from 1254 a.m. EST through 250 a.m. EST on the 27th. It crested at 18.62 feet at 2 a.m. EST. The Shark River in Neptune City was above its 6 foot flood stage from 237 a.m. EST through 1045 a.m. EST on the 27th . It crested at 6.67 feet at 445 a.m. EST. The Swimming River in Red Bank was above its 6 foot flood stage from 136 a.m. EST through 307 p.m. EST on the 27th. It crested at 7.11 feet at 6 a.m. EST. The Manasquan River at Squankum had moderate flooding and was above its 7.5 foot flood stage from 153 a.m. EST through 1131 p.m. EST on the 27th. It crested at 9.75 feet at 1 p.m. EST. Farther downstream, the Manasquan River at Allenwood was above its 14.5 foot flood stage from 448 a.m. EST on the 27th through Midnight EST on the 28th. It crested at 16.43 feet at 215 p.m. EST on the 27th. Event precipitation totals included 5.90 inches in Howell, 4.12 inches in Eatontown, 3.94 inches in Belmar, 3.81 inches in Red Bank, 3.48 inches in Freehold and Fair Haven, 3.45 inches in Sea Girt and 3.33 inches in Manalapan.

Middlesex County 1 NW Monmouth Jct 27 0100EST 3 S New Brunswick 0600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain caused flooding along many major roadways in northeastern Middlesex County and exacerbated the tidal flooding along Raritan Bay and the Arthur Kill. Flooding caused jughandle closures on U.S. Route 1 in South Brunswick Township and lane closures of New Jersey State Route 18 in East Brunswick Township. Roadway flooding also occurred in Woodbridge Township .Event precipitation totals included 2.24 inches in Woodbridge, 1.83 inches in East Brunswick, 1.80 inches in South Brunswick and 1.78 inches in New Brunswick. Heavy rain caused poor drainage as well as flooding of streams and rivers in the central third of New Jersey. It had the greatest impact on waterways in Monmouth and Ocean Counties. The runoff from the heavy rain also exacerbated the tidal flooding. Event precipitation totals averaged 1 to 3 inches, except averaged 2.5 to 6.0 inches in Monmouth and Ocean Counties. Many roadways were flooded. The rain spread south to north during the late morning and early afternoon on the 26th. It fell at its heaviest during the evening of the 26th into the early morning of the 27th. The rain ended between Midnight EST and 5 a.m. EST on the 27th. The heavy rain and subsequent flooding was caused by a low pressure system that moved from Texas on Christmas Day northeast into the Tennessee Valley on the 26th. A secondary low pressure system formed in the Carolinas on the 26th and became the main low pressure system. This low moved northeast and passed through southern Delaware on the evening of the 26th and across southeast New Jersey overnight on the 26th.

NJZ012-014-026 Eastern Monmouth - Eastern Ocean - Middlesex 27 0400EST 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Coastal Flood

An intense low pressure system brought strong to high northeast winds into central and eastern New Jersey mainly during the evening of the 26th. Peak wind gusts reached hurricane force gusts in Ocean County. The strong to high winds caused some structural damage as well as knocking down trees, tree limbs and wires and caused power outrages. Jersey Central Power and Light reported about 7,000 of its customers lost power in Ocean and Monmouth Counties. The onshore flow also caused minor tidal flooding from Lower Delaware Bay north through Raritan Bay during the evening high tide cycle on the 26th and moderate tidal flooding in Middlesex, Monmouth and Ocean Counties during the morning high tide cycle on the 27th. The tidal flooding was exacerbated by heavy flooding rain that fell during the evening and overnight on the 26th. As the low pressure system moved into New Jersey, the strong to high winds ceased. Because of the adverse weather, New Jersey Transit cross honored bus and rail tickets.

144 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest

Peak wind gusts included 74 mph in Brick (Ocean County), 70 mph in Tuckerton and Barnegat (Ocean County), 68 mph in Harvey Cedars (Ocean County), 61 mph in Sandy Hook (Monmouth County), 58 mph in Monmouth Beach (Monmouth County), 57 mph in Oceanport (Monmouth County), 54 mph in Florence (Burlington County), Point Pleasant and Seaside Heights (Ocean County), 51 mph at the Atlantic City International Airport (Atlantic County), 49 mph in West Cape May (Cape May County), 48 mph in Oceanville (Atlantic County) and 46 mph in Trenton (Mercer County) and the Marina in Atlantic City (Atlantic County). Tidal flooding affected the northern half of New Jersey the hardest. The heavy rain exacerbated the flooding on roadways. In Middlesex County, in Woodbridge, the intersection of Port Reading Avenue and Watson Avenue was closed over the Spring Creek. In Laurence Harbor, tidal flooding occurred between New Jersey State Route 35 and the Monmouth County border with Cliffwood Beach and Aberdeen Township. In Monmouth County, sections of New Jersey State Route 35 in Aberdeen and Hazlet Townships were also flooded and closed. New Jersey State Route 36 in Sea Bright was flooded. In Ocean County, New Jersey State Route 35 was flooded in Mantoloking Borough. Brick Township closed off its part of the barrier islands to traffic and Toms River Township reported some ocean breaches on its barrier islands. In Barnegat Bay, tidal flooding caused the closure of Mandalay and Drum Point Roads. Tidal flooding was reported along Hovsons Boulevard and in the Silverton and Holiday City areas of the township. In Atlantic County, U.S. Route 9 in Absecon and the Black Horse Pike (U.S. Routes 40 and 322) approaching Atlantic City were closed because of tidal flooding.

From south to north in the state, the highest tide at Cape May (Cape May County) reached 7.11 feet above mean lower low water. Minor tidal flooding starts at 6.7 feet above mean lower low water. The highest tide at Atlantic City (Atlantic County) reached 6.4 feet above mean lower low water. Minor tidal flooding starts at 6.0 feet above mean lower low water. The highest tide in Sandy Hook (Monmouth County) reached 7.83 feet above mean lower low water. Moderate tidal flooding starts at 7.7 feet above mean lower low water. The morning high tide on the 27th also reached 8.01 feet above mean lower low water at Keansburg (Monmouth County) and 8.93 feet above mean lower low water at South Amboy (Middlesex County). There are no established tide categories for the latter two sites. The strong to high winds and the subsequent tidal flooding were caused by the pressure gradient (difference) between a low pressure system that passed across the southeast part of the state and a high pressure system over nearby New England and southeast Canada. The low itself moved from Texas on Christmas Day northeast into the Tennessee Valley on the 26th. A secondary low pressure system formed in the Carolinas on the 26th and became the main low. This low moved northeast and passed through southern Delaware on the evening of the 26th and across southeast New Jersey overnight on the 26th.

Somerset County 1 ENE Griggstown 27 0533EST 29 0207EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The Millstone River in Griggstown was above its 10 foot flood stage from 533 a.m. EST on the 27th through 207 a.m. EST on the 29th. It crested at 11.68 feet at 8 p.m. EST on the 27th. The Griggstown Causeway was closed. Event precipitation totals included 1.49 inches in Peapack, 1.41 inches in Montgomery Township and 1.35 inches in Hillsborough Township.

Heavy rain caused poor drainage as well as flooding of streams and rivers in the central third of New Jersey. It had the greatest impact on waterways in Monmouth and Ocean Counties. The runoff from the heavy rain also exacerbated the tidal flooding. Event precipitation totals averaged 1 to 3 inches, except averaged 2.5 to 6.0 inches in Monmouth and Ocean Counties. Many roadways were flooded. The rain spread south to north during the late morning and early afternoon on the 26th. It fell at its heaviest during the evening of the 26th into the early morning of the 27th. The rain ended between Midnight EST and 5 a.m. EST on the 27th. The heavy rain and subsequent flooding was caused by a low pressure system that moved from Texas on Christmas Day northeast into the Tennessee Valley on the 26th. A secondary low pressure system formed in the Carolinas on the 26th and became the main low pressure system. This low moved northeast and passed through southern Delaware on the evening of the 26th and across southeast New Jersey overnight on the 26th.

NJZ013-020 Western Monmouth - Western Ocean 27 0600EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Coastal Flood

An intense low pressure system brought strong to high northeast winds into central and eastern New Jersey mainly during the evening of the 26th. Peak wind gusts reached hurricane force gusts in Ocean County. The strong to high winds caused some structural damage as well as knocking down trees, tree limbs and wires and caused power outrages. Jersey Central Power and Light reported about 7,000 of its customers lost power in Ocean and Monmouth Counties. The onshore flow also caused minor tidal flooding from Lower Delaware Bay north through Raritan Bay during the evening high tide cycle on the 26th and moderate tidal flooding in Middlesex, Monmouth and Ocean Counties during the morning high tide cycle on the 27th. The tidal flooding was exacerbated by heavy flooding rain that fell during the evening and overnight on the 26th. As the low pressure system moved into New Jersey, the strong to high winds ceased. Because of the adverse weather, New Jersey Transit cross honored bus and rail tickets.

145 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest

Peak wind gusts included 74 mph in Brick (Ocean County), 70 mph in Tuckerton and Barnegat (Ocean County), 68 mph in Harvey Cedars (Ocean County), 61 mph in Sandy Hook (Monmouth County), 58 mph in Monmouth Beach (Monmouth County), 57 mph in Oceanport (Monmouth County), 54 mph in Florence (Burlington County), Point Pleasant and Seaside Heights (Ocean County), 51 mph at the Atlantic City International Airport (Atlantic County), 49 mph in West Cape May (Cape May County), 48 mph in Oceanville (Atlantic County) and 46 mph in Trenton (Mercer County) and the Marina in Atlantic City (Atlantic County). Tidal flooding affected the northern half of New Jersey the hardest. The heavy rain exacerbated the flooding on roadways. In Middlesex County, in Woodbridge, the intersection of Port Reading Avenue and Watson Avenue was closed over the Spring Creek. In Laurence Harbor, tidal flooding occurred between New Jersey State Route 35 and the Monmouth County border with Cliffwood Beach and Aberdeen Township. In Monmouth County, sections of New Jersey State Route 35 in Aberdeen and Hazlet Townships were also flooded and closed. New Jersey State Route 36 in Sea Bright was flooded. In Ocean County, New Jersey State Route 35 was flooded in Mantoloking Borough. Brick Township closed off its part of the barrier islands to traffic and Toms River Township reported some ocean breaches on its barrier islands. In Barnegat Bay, tidal flooding caused the closure of Mandalay and Drum Point Roads. Tidal flooding was reported along Hovsons Boulevard and in the Silverton and Holiday City areas of the township. In Atlantic County, U.S. Route 9 in Absecon and the Black Horse Pike (U.S. Routes 40 and 322) approaching Atlantic City were closed because of tidal flooding.

From south to north in the state, the highest tide at Cape May (Cape May County) reached 7.11 feet above mean lower low water. Minor tidal flooding starts at 6.7 feet above mean lower low water. The highest tide at Atlantic City (Atlantic County) reached 6.4 feet above mean lower low water. Minor tidal flooding starts at 6.0 feet above mean lower low water. The highest tide in Sandy Hook (Monmouth County) reached 7.83 feet above mean lower low water. Moderate tidal flooding starts at 7.7 feet above mean lower low water. The morning high tide on the 27th also reached 8.01 feet above mean lower low water at Keansburg (Monmouth County) and 8.93 feet above mean lower low water at South Amboy (Middlesex County). There are no established tide categories for the latter two sites. The strong to high winds and the subsequent tidal flooding were caused by the pressure gradient (difference) between a low pressure system that passed across the southeast part of the state and a high pressure system over nearby New England and southeast Canada. The low itself moved from Texas on Christmas Day northeast into the Tennessee Valley on the 26th. A secondary low pressure system formed in the Carolinas on the 26th and became the main low. This low moved northeast and passed through southern Delaware on the evening of the 26th and across southeast New Jersey overnight on the 26th.

NJZ020-023>027 Eastern Atlantic - Eastern Cape May - Eastern Ocean - Southeastern Burlington - Western Cape May - Western Ocean 27 0900EST 1500EST 0 0 9.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

The northwest flow behind the departing strong low pressure system produced strong winds across southeast New Jersey from the middle of the morning into the early evening on the 27th. Peak wind gusts averaged around 50 mph and knocked down additional weakened trees, tree limbs and wires. Peak wind gusts included 52 mph in Cape May (Cape May County), 47 mph in Tuckerton and Brick (Ocean County) and 45 mph at the Atlantic City International Airport.

Burlington County 2 NNE Chatsworth 27 1545EST 29 0945EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The North Branch of the Rancocas Creek at Pemberton was above its 2.5 foot flood stage from 845 p.m. EST on the 27th through 945 a.m. EST on the 29th. It crested at 2.56 feet at 945 a.m. EST on the 28th. The McDonalds Branch in Woodland Township was above its 1.7 foot flood stage from 345 p.m. EST through 944 p.m. EST on the 27th. It crested at 1.71 feet at 4 p.m. EST. Event precipitation totals included 2.98 inches in Oswego Lake, 2.21 inches in Tabernacle, 2.20 inches in Pemberton, 2.00 inches in Southampton, 1.97 inches in Lumberton, 1.85 inches at the McGuire Air Force Base, 1.73 inches in Mount Laurel and 1.59 inches in Westampton. Heavy rain caused poor drainage as well as flooding of streams and rivers in the central third of New Jersey. It had the greatest impact on waterways in Monmouth and Ocean Counties. The runoff from the heavy rain also exacerbated the tidal flooding. Event precipitation totals averaged 1 to 3 inches, except averaged 2.5 to 6.0 inches in Monmouth and Ocean Counties. Many roadways were flooded. The rain spread south to north during the late morning and early afternoon on the 26th. It fell at its heaviest during the evening of the 26th into the early morning of the 27th. The rain ended between Midnight EST and 5 a.m. EST on the 27th. The heavy rain and subsequent flooding was caused by a low pressure system that moved from Texas on Christmas Day northeast into the Tennessee Valley on the 26th. A secondary low pressure system formed in the Carolinas on the 26th and became the main low pressure system. This low moved northeast and passed through southern Delaware on the evening of the 26th and across southeast New Jersey overnight on the 26th.

NJZ001-007>010- Hunterdon - Mercer - Middlesex - Morris - Somerset - Sussex - Warren 012-015 29 0900EST 1600EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

146 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest

A low pressure system that moved off the North Carolina coast dropped 2 to 5 inches of snow across the Raritan Basin and Northwest New Jersey, around one inch in Mercer County and little if any elsewhere in New Jersey. Precipitation started as snow across southwest and most of the northern half of New Jersey during the morning of the 29th. In the southwest part of the state, the snow changed to rain by Noon EST. In Mercer and Middlesex Counties, the snow changed to rain during the afternoon of the 29th. In the rest of the Raritan Basin as well as northwest New Jersey, precipitation fell as snow throughout the event. The snow fell at its heaviest during the first half of the afternoon and ended during the evening of the 29th. In spite of the 29th being a Saturday, the snow caused numerous traffic accidents. Representative snowfall included 4.8 inches in Flemington (Hunterdon County), 4.5 inches in Wantage (Sussex County), 4.3 inches in Parsippany (Morris County), 4.2 inches in Blairstown (Warren County), 4.0 inches in Whippany (Morris County) and Basking Ridge (Somerset County), 3.9 inches in Broadway (Warren County), 3.7 inches in Hackettstown and Stewartsville (Warren County), 3.5 inches in Whitehouse Station (Hunterdon County) and Sparta (Sussex County), 3.3 inches in Bridgewater Township (Somerset County), 3.2 inches in Rockaway (Morris County), 2.5 inches in Hopewell (Mercer County), 1.5 inches in Edison (Middlesex County), 1.2 inches in Ewing (Mercer County) and 0.8 inches in Trenton (Mercer County). The snow was caused by a low pressure system that moved from the Texas coast on the morning of the 28th, to southern North Carolina on the morning of the 29th. From there it intensified as it move northeast and passed just east of Cape Hatteras on the afternoon of the 29th and south of Cape Cod on the evening of the 29th. Warmer air was able to move in and change the snow to rain in the southwest and central parts of New Jersey, but sufficient cold air remained in place for precipitation to fall as snow throughout the event farther to the northwest.

NJZ001-007>010- Camden - Cumberland - Eastern Atlantic - Eastern Cape May - Eastern Monmouth - Eastern Ocean - 012>027 Gloucester - Hunterdon - Mercer - Middlesex - Morris - Northwestern Burlington - Salem - Somerset - Southeastern Burlington - Sussex - Warren - Western Atlantic - Western Cape May - Western Monmouth - Western Ocean

30 0900EST 1700EST 0 0 45.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

The same low pressure system that brought snow to New Jersey on the 29th intensified rapidly as it moved northeast overnight and reached Nova Scotia on the morning of the 30th. At 7 a.m. EST the surface pressure had dropped to 964 millibars. The northwest circulation between the intense low pressure system and the approaching high pressure system in the lower Tennessee Valley produced strong winds across New Jersey during the day on the 30th. Peak wind gusts averaged 45 to 50 mph inland and 50 to 55 mph along the coast and knocked down shallow rooted trees, weak tree limbs and wires and caused isolated power outages. The strong winds also forced the cancellation of four departures of the Cape May-Lewes Ferry. Most of the peak wind gusts occurred during the afternoon. Peak wind gusts included 55 mph in Cape May (Cape May County), 53 mph in Tuckerton and Seaside Heights (Ocean County), 52 mph in Barnegat (Ocean County) and West Cape May (Cape May County), 50 mph in Sea Girt (Monmouth County), 49 mph in Eatontown (Monmouth County), 47 mph at the Atlantic City International Airport, 46 mph in Ancora (Camden County) and Hamilton (Mercer County) and 44 mph in Millville (Cumberland County). The combination of the end of the intensification process of the low pressure system and the movement of the high pressure system closer to the state (and the low pressure system farther away) caused the strong winds to cease the afternoon of the 30th.

NEW MEXICO, Central and North

NMZ501>508-510> Albuquerque Metro Area - Central Highlands - Chaves County Plains - Chuska Mountains - Curry 540 County - De Baca County - East Slopes Of The Sangre De Cristo Mountains - Eastern Lincoln County - Eastern San Miguel County - Estancia Valley - Far Northeast Highlands - Far Northwest Highlands - Guadalupe County - Harding County - Jemez Mountains - Lower Chama River Valley - Lower Rio Grande Valley - Northeast Highlands - Northern Sangre De Cristo Mountains Above 9500 Feet/red River - Northwest Highlands - Northwest Plateau - Quay County - Raton Ridge/johnson Mesa - Roosevelt County - San Juan Mountains - Sandia/manzano Mountains - Santa Fe Metro Area - South Central Highlands - South Central Mountains - Southern Sangre De Cristo Mountains Above 9500 Feet - Southwest Chaves County - Southwest Mountains - Union County - Upper Rio Grande Valley - Upper Tularosa Valley - West Central Highlands - West Central Mountains - West Central Plateau - West Slopes Of The Sangre De Cristo Mountains 01 0000MST 31 2359MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Drought conditions persisted across the NWS Albuquerque County Warning Area (CWA).

This month the state saw an increase in storm activity with numerous winter systems crossing the state about once a week. The bulk of the moisture was confined to the northern mountain areas and the eastern plains with much of western and central portions missing out. Precipitation percent of normal was much better for December, again in part to the increased activity. The northern portions of the state saw above average percent of normal precipitation ranging from 104%-205%. Areas in the northeast also had readings of 115%-203% of normal precipitation. Other areas that were above normal were around the Gallup area and in the southwest near Glenwood. Areas in the west ranged from 62%-99% of normal. The Albuquerque Metro area as well as surrounding areas were still lacking with only 25%-50% of normal. Although the east did manage to see some moisture with winter systems most of the central and southeast plains remain at only 30%-85% of normal.

147 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW MEXICO, Central and North

Severe drought (D2) continued across the ABQ CWA. D2 conditions were present along central and western New Mexico including the Far Northwest Highlands, San Juan Mountains, Jemez Mountains, Lower Rio Grande Valley, and as far east as Eastern Lincoln County. Extreme (D3) drought crept into portions of the Northwest Plateau by the end of the month and continued for much of the east enveloping most of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. The sole zone left that has not succumbed to severe drought status is the San Francisco River Valley.

NMZ512-514-518- Central Highlands - East Slopes Of The Sangre De Cristo Mountains - Far Northeast Highlands - 523-527>529 Northeast Highlands - Raton Ridge/johnson Mesa - Santa Fe Metro Area - Southern Sangre De Cristo Mountains Above 9500 Feet - West Slopes Of The Sangre De Cristo Mountains 09 0600MST 1900MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

NMZ519 Albuquerque Metro Area 09 1500MST 1501MST 0 0 0.5K 0.00K Strong Wind

A potent winter storm system surged south across the northern Rockies into NM, ushering in a potent cold front and areas of heavy snow. Strong forcing for lift between the Pacific cold front and the arctic back door cold front developed an area of heavy snow from the Sangre de Cristo Mountains south and east to the Santa Fe metro area and the central and northeast highlands. Lighter snowfall amounts were reported across surrounding areas. Heavy snow and very cold temperatures created exceptionally high snow ratios where some areas of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains reported snowfall rates of 1 to 2 inches per hour. The coldest temperatures of the season moved into the region behind this storm system. NMDOT reported difficult to severe travel conditions along portions of Interstates 25 and 40, as well as several other state highways in northeastern New Mexico.

NMZ503-508-510> Far Northwest Highlands - Jemez Mountains - Northern Sangre De Cristo Mountains Above 9500 Feet/red 514-516 River - San Juan Mountains - Southern Sangre De Cristo Mountains Above 9500 Feet - Southwest Mountains - Upper Rio Grande Valley - West Slopes Of The Sangre De Cristo Mountains 14 0600MST 1900MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

NMZ538 Chaves County Plains 14 1200MST 1500MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Curry County 1 N (CVS)Cannon Afb 14 1327MST 1440MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55MG)

Cannon AFB AWOS reported peak wind gust to 63 mph at 127pm then 58 mph again at 238pm as thunderstorms moved through the area. Note: The measured wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph. Roosevelt County 2 SW Dora 14 1340MST 1400MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55MG)

West Texas mesonet at Dora. Note: The measured wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph. Curry County 3 NNW Texico 14 1355MST 1440MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (57MG)

Clovis AWOS sites reported peak wind gust of 66mph as a line of thunderstorms moved through the area.

Note: The measured wind gust of 57 knots is equivalent to 66 mph.

NMZ515-539-540 East Slopes Of The Sangre De Cristo Mountains - Eastern Lincoln County - Southwest Chaves County

14 1400MST 1755MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

148 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW MEXICO, Central and North

An upper level storm system deepened along the California coastline on the 13th then ejected quickly eastward across New Mexico through the 14th. Widespread rain and higher terrain snow impacted central and western New Mexico. Heavy snowfall amounts were reported for the Gila region and the northern mountains. A line of strong thunderstorms developed out ahead of this storm system over the eastern plains where gusty winds and small hail were reported. Strong westerly winds then pushed across the east central and southeast plains as the storm exited northeast into the central plains states.

NMZ503-510-513 Far Northwest Highlands - Northern Sangre De Cristo Mountains Above 9500 Feet/red River - San Juan Mountains 15 0300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow Two upper level low pressure systems off the southern California coastline ejected quickly northeast across New Mexico on the 15th. Widespread light snowfall occurred during the early morning hours for northern and western New Mexico, followed by a second round of light to moderate snowfall as the Pacific cold front pushed across the area. Areas beneath the upper level storm system reported heavy snow totals of 6 to 10 inches, including the northwest plateau, the far northwest highlands, and the northern mountains.

NMZ502-504>506- Chuska Mountains - Jemez Mountains - Northern Sangre De Cristo Mountains Above 9500 Feet/red River 510>511-513 - Northwest Highlands - San Juan Mountains - West Central Mountains - West Central Plateau

19 0000MST 1500MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

NMZ508-513-519- Albuquerque Metro Area - Chaves County Plains - Curry County - De Baca County - Eastern Lincoln 521-524-526-533> County - Estancia Valley - Guadalupe County - Northern Sangre De Cristo Mountains Above 9500 540 Feet/red River - Quay County - Roosevelt County - Sandia/manzano Mountains - South Central Highlands - South Central Mountains - Southwest Chaves County - Southwest Mountains

19 0500MST 1435MST 0 0 50.0K 0.00K High Wind

An open wave trough over the Great Basin pushed across New Mexico bringing with it snow and high winds. Snow developed over northern and western portions of the state late on the 18th and spread east and south across the remainder of western and northern New Mexico by daybreak on the 19th. Heavy snow and blowing snow were reported Wednesday over the northern and western higher terrain and the Continental Divide of western New Mexico. Aside from the snow, wind was the major impact with this system across southern and eastern New Mexico. Dangerous, damaging wind speeds occurred in eastern areas with some reduced visibility in blowing snow and dust. The entire system pushed quickly east into Texas late Wednesday afternoon allowing wind and snow to diminish across New Mexico.

NMZ502-510-511 Chuska Mountains - Jemez Mountains - San Juan Mountains 30 2000MST 31 2359MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

NMZ512>514-530> Harding County - Northern Sangre De Cristo Mountains Above 9500 Feet/red River - Southern Sangre De 531 Cristo Mountains Above 9500 Feet - Union County - West Slopes Of The Sangre De Cristo Mountains

31 0100MST 2359MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A deep upper level low pressure system pushed south along the California coastline on the 29th then weakened while turning slowly eastward across much of New Mexico on the 30th and 31st. Widespread light to moderate snowfall developed across many areas along and south of Interstate 40. Moderate to heavy snowfall develop over the northern mountains where 12 to 18 inches was reported. Very cold temperatures in association with this system created widespread hazardous travel conditions, particularly across the northern high terrain.

149 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW MEXICO, South Central and Southwest NMZ401>405-407> Central Tularosa Basin - East Slopes Sacramento Mountains Below 7500 Feet - Eastern Black Range 417 Foothills - Lowlands Of The Bootheel - Northern Dona Ana County - Otero Mesa - Sacramento Mountains Above 7500 Feet - Sierra County Lakes - Southern Dona Ana County/mesilla Valley - Southern Gila Foothills/mimbres Valley - Southern Gila Highlands/black Range - Southern Tularosa Basin - Southwest Desert/lower Gila River Valley - Southwest Desert/mimbres Basin - Upper Gila River Valley - West Slopes Sacramento Mountains Below 7500 Feet 01 0000MST 31 2359MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Another month of below normal precipitation across Southwest New Mexico kept a majority of the region in Severe(D2) drought during the month of December.

NMZ411>415 Central Tularosa Basin - Sacramento Mountains Above 7500 Feet - Southern Dona Ana County/mesilla Valley - Southern Tularosa Basin - West Slopes Sacramento Mountains Below 7500 Feet

19 0703MST 1400MST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K High Wind

A strong upper level trough with a 130+ knot jet streak moved out of the desert southwest through New Mexico and pushed a cold front across the region. A peak gust of 90 mph was reported at San Augustin Pass.

NEW MEXICO, Southeast

NMZ028 Eddy County Plains 14 1230MST 1353MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Strong mid level winds at the base of a powerful upper level trough raked Southeast New Mexico and West Texas with strong westerly surface winds.

19 1015MST 1255MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

19 1053MST 1353MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

NMZ029-033 Central Lea County - Northern Lea County 19 1150MST 1400MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

The passing of an upper level trough to the north of the region resulted in high winds across Southeast New Mexico.

NEW YORK, Central

NYZ009-017-036- Cortland - Madison - Northern Oneida - Onondaga - Southern Cayuga 044 22 0400EST 1700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Lake-Effect Snow

Low pressure tracked from eastern Michigan on Friday the 21st to southern Quebec on Saturday the 22nd. A cold northwest flow behind this system generated lake effect snow for a large part of central New York. Snowfall amounts ranged from 7 to 14 inches.

NYZ009-015>018- Broome - Chemung - Chenango - Cortland - Delaware - Madison - Northern Oneida - Onondaga - Otsego - 022>025-036>037- Schuyler - Seneca - Southern Cayuga - Southern Oneida - Steuben - Sullivan - Tioga - Tompkins - Yates 044>046-055>057- 062 26 1400EST 27 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A low pressure system tracked from the Tennessee Valley on Wednesday to just off of the New Jersey coast on Thursday to the Canadian Maritimes on Friday. Northwest flow pulled cold and moist air behind the system with a widespread snow falling across central New York on Wednesday and Thursday.

150 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW YORK, Central NYZ025-044>046- Broome - Chenango - Cortland - Delaware - Otsego - Tioga - Tompkins 055>057 29 1300EST 30 0030EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A low pressure system tracked from the midwest on Friday to the mid-Atlantic states on Saturday. Moisture and cold air associated with this system spread snow into portions of central New York on Saturday.

NEW YORK, Coastal

NYZ067 Orange 07 0900EST 1000EST 1 1 0.00K Winter Weather

Light freezing rain developed in the morning as a weak warm front approached from the southwest, while surface high pressure off the New England coast provided sub-freezing air at the surface. The freezing rain caused roads to become icy across the Lower Hudson Valley of southeast New York, and resulted in 1 direct fatality. M28VE

NYZ075-176 Kings (Brooklyn) - Northern Queens 21 0300EST 1000EST 0 0 100.0K 0.00K High Wind

A strong cold front approached from the west and moved across the area. High winds occurred across portions of New York City, resulting in localized damage.

Westchester County Thornwood 21 0832EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flash Flood

In Pleasantville, the Saw Mill River Pkwy. was closed in both directions between the Taconic State Pkwy. and exit 29 (Manville Rd.) due to flooding. A strong cold front produced heavy rain that resulted in isolated flash flooding in Westchester County.

NYZ079-081 Northeast Suffolk - Southeast Suffolk 26 1124EST 27 1030EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Coastal Flood

Low pressure taking shape over the Southern Plains and Lower Mississippi Valley on Christmas Day intensified into a nor'easter as it moved into the Tennessee Valley on the 26th, passing just south of Long Island the morning of the 27th and then moving to Nova Scotia on the 28th. This system brought strong east winds to the region the 26th into the morning of 27th, which resulted in 3 to 5 feet of storm surge and widespread minor to moderate coastal flooding along the coast.

NYZ067 Orange 26 1550EST 27 0320EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Low pressure taking shape over the Southern Plains and Lower Mississippi Valley on Christmas Day intensified into a nor'easter as it moved into the Tennessee Valley on the 26th, passing just south of Long Island the morning of the 27th and then moving to Nova Scotia on the 28th. This system brought heavy snow to Orange County on December 26 and 27th.

NYZ071-075-078- Kings (Brooklyn) - New York (Manhattan) - Northwest Suffolk - Southern Nassau - Southern Queens - 178>179 Southern Westchester 26 2000EST 0600EST 0 0 4.0K 0.00K High Wind

A deep area of low pressure approached from the southeast, and passed just south of Long Island. High winds from this Nor'Easter resulted in scattered damage.

NYZ071-073-176 Bronx - Northern Queens - Southern Westchester 26 2200EST 27 0100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Coastal Flood

151 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW YORK, Coastal

Low pressure taking shape over the Southern Plains and Lower Mississippi Valley on Christmas Day intensified into a nor'easter as it moved into the Tennessee Valley on the 26th, passing just south of Long Island the morning of the 27th and then moving to Nova Scotia on the 28th. This system brought strong east winds to the region the 26th into the morning of 27th, which resulted in 3 to 5 feet of storm surge and widespread minor to moderate coastal flooding along the coast.

NYZ177 Northern Nassau 26 2300EST 27 0300EST 0 0 0.00K High Wind

NYZ079-080 Northeast Suffolk - Southwest Suffolk 27 0000EST 0300EST 0 0 0.00K High Wind

A deep area of low pressure approached from the southeast, and passed just south of Long Island. High winds from this Nor'Easter resulted in scattered damage.

NYZ080-178-179 Southern Nassau - Southern Queens - Southwest Suffolk 27 0630EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Coastal Flood

Low pressure taking shape over the Southern Plains and Lower Mississippi Valley on Christmas Day intensified into a nor'easter as it moved into the Tennessee Valley on the 26th, passing just south of Long Island the morning of the 27th and then moving to Nova Scotia on the 28th. This system brought strong east winds to the region the 26th into the morning of 27th, which resulted in 3 to 5 feet of storm surge and widespread minor to moderate coastal flooding along the coast.

NEW YORK, East

NYZ064 Eastern Ulster 21 0530EST 1300EST 0 0 High Wind

21 0700EST 1100EST 0 0 Storm Surge/Tide

NYZ041-050-052> Eastern Albany - Eastern Columbia - Eastern Rensselaer - Northern Saratoga - Southern Saratoga - 054-060>061-065 Western Columbia - Western Dutchess - Western Rensselaer 21 0719EST 1300EST 0 0 High Wind

An intense area of low pressure moved into the Great Lakes region on the evening of Thursday, December 20th. The storm's warm front extended into the Northeastern United States. Light precipitation occurred across the eastern New York during the overnight hours, with mainly rain for valley areas and light snow and mixed precipitation across the higher elevations. As the storm lifted into southern Canada, the storm's cold front approached the region on the morning of Friday, December 21st. Very strong east to southeast winds were present aloft ahead of this front as it moved towards eastern New York State. A few breaks in the clouds allowed for some of these strong winds to reach the surface across the Taconics and eastern portions of the Hudson Valley. Damage to trees and power lines occurred, mainly across portions of the Rensselaer, Columbia and Dutchess counties. Measured winds gusts reached up to 62 mph in Rensselaer County. These winds even caused some roof damage to a school in East Greenbush. The strong winds also caused scattered power outages, especially across the Taconic Region with 14,375 customers reported without power in Rensselaer County due to high winds, 3,782 customers in Columbia County and 1,175 customers in Dutchess County. In addition, heavy rainfall associated with the front allowed for some minor river flooding across portions of the eastern Catskills. With the strong east-southeast flow, some minor tidal flooding occurred along the Hudson River which backed up into the Rondout Creek. The river and tidal flooding subsided by Friday afternoon. The threat for heavy rain and strong winds ended with the passage of the cold front by midday on Friday the 21st. Winds switched to a westerly direction at lower speeds for the afternoon hours.

152 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW YORK, East NYZ063 Western Ulster 26 1600EST 27 1525EST 0 0 Heavy Snow

NYZ064>066 Eastern Dutchess - Eastern Ulster - Western Dutchess 26 1600EST 27 1200EST 0 0 Winter Weather

NYZ058 Western Greene 26 1700EST 27 1525EST 0 0 Heavy Snow

NYZ059 Eastern Greene 26 1700EST 27 1525EST 0 0 Winter Storm

NYZ060-061 Eastern Columbia - Western Columbia 26 1700EST 27 1900EST 0 0 Winter Weather

NYZ040-047>049- Eastern Albany - Eastern Schenectady - Montgomery - Schoharie - Western Albany - Western 051>052 Schenectady 26 1800EST 27 1900EST 0 0 Heavy Snow

NYZ053-054 Eastern Rensselaer - Western Rensselaer 26 1800EST 27 1900EST 0 0 Winter Weather

NYZ038-041-050- Northern Fulton - Northern Saratoga - Southern Fulton - Southern Herkimer - Southern Saratoga 082 26 1900EST 27 1525EST 0 0 Heavy Snow

NYZ084 Southern Washington 26 1900EST 0 0 Winter Weather 27

NYZ032-042-083 Hamilton - Northern Herkimer - Northern Warren - Southeast Warren

26 2000EST 27 1900EST 0 0 Heavy Snow

NYZ043 Northern Washington 26 2000EST 27 1900EST 0 0 Winter Storm

153 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW YORK, East

Low pressure organized on Christmas Day over the Deep South, producing widespread rain and severe weather across the Gulf Coast Region. As this storm lifted northward on Christmas Night, a secondary area of low pressure developed along the mid- Atlantic coastline. This secondary low become the dominant storm center and moved northeast towards Long Island. This storm then continued northeast across southeastern New England before lifting towards the Canadian Maritimes. Snow, heavy at times, fell across much of eastern New York from the late afternoon and evening of the 26th into the day on the 27th. Warmer air moving in aloft allowed for the precipitation to mix with or change over to sleet and freezing rain across the mid Hudson Valley and Taconic Region, with up to a quarter of an inch of ice occurring in Hyde Park. Total storm snowfall amounts ranged for just a few inches in the Greater Poughkeepsie area to around 17 inches across the Helderbergs. Most areas in the immediate Capital District reported between 6 inches and 11 inches of snow. This storm resulted in very slow travel during the holiday season, especially on the evening of the 26th and morning on the 27th.

NYZ032-038>043- Eastern Albany - Eastern Columbia - Eastern Dutchess - Eastern Greene - Eastern Rensselaer - Eastern 047>054-058>061- Schenectady - Eastern Ulster - Hamilton - Montgomery - Northern Fulton - Northern Herkimer - 063>066-082>084 Northern Saratoga - Northern Warren - Northern Washington - Schoharie - Southeast Warren - Southern Fulton - Southern Herkimer - Southern Saratoga - Southern Washington - Western Albany - Western Columbia - Western Dutchess - Western Greene - Western Rensselaer - Western Schenectady - Western Ulster 29 0700EST 30 0030EST 0 0 Winter Weather

On the heels of a bigger snowstorm, a light to moderate snowfall occurred across the region on Saturday, December 29th, 2012. An area of low pressure developed along the coast of North Carolina and moved northeastward off the Eastern Seaboard. Although the storm passed well to the south, an upper level disturbance associated with the storm allowed for light snow to occur throughout the day. With temperatures cold across the entire area, the precipitation remained entirely in the form of snow. Most areas across east central New York reported between 3 and 6 inches of snow. However, portions of the Schoharie and Mohawk Valleys reported between 4 and 8 inches with the southeastern Adirondacks reporting between 6 and 10 inches. This snow resulted in slow travel, especially considering it was during the holiday season.

NEW YORK, North

NYZ029-087 Southeastern St. Lawrence - Southern Franklin - Southwestern St. Lawrence

21 1800EST 0 0 15.0K 0.00K Winter Storm 22 A strong, complex, dual area of low pressure from the Great Lakes to the New Jersey coast on the morning of December 21st eventually lifted north across New York into Quebec by December 22nd. On the front end of the storm, a wintry mix of snow and some sleet accumulated 1 to 3 inches across much of northern New York with up to 6 inches in the Adirondacks of Essex county. The main part of the storm was a strong low-level jet stream of 70+ mph that moved across the highest elevations of northern New York (above 4000 feet) with some isolated wind gusts of 40+ mph within some lower elevation communities during the morning and afternoon of December 21st. There was some isolated to scattered tree damage with isolated power outages in portions of northern New York. The final chapter had it's biggest influence for portions of northern New York during the evening of December 21st and continuing into the afternoon of December 22nd. On the backside of this system, wraparound moisture, sub-freezing temperatures and a favorable wind flow across Lake Ontario all combined to deliver widespread 3 to 6 inches of snowfall across much of northern New York with 6 to 12 inches across favorable lake-effect communities in southern St. Lawrence and southern Franklin counties.

26 2100EST 27 1500EST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

NYZ026>028-030> Eastern Clinton - Eastern Essex - Northern Franklin - Northern St. Lawrence - Southern Franklin - 031-034>035-087 Southwestern St. Lawrence - Western Clinton - Western Essex 26 2100EST 27 1700EST 0 0 110.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

154 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NEW YORK, North

Strong low pressure moved from the Tennessee River Valley on the morning of December 26th to near Long Island, New York by the morning of December 27th, then eventually moved into Nova Scotia by the early morning hours of December 28th.

Snow began across portions of northern New York between 9 pm and Midnight of December 26th and fell heavily at times (snowfall rate of 1-2 inches per hour) through the morning hours of December 27th before eventually diminishing during the afternoon and evening hours. Snowfall accumulations of 12 to 20 inches were common across much of northern New York. Thankfully, school vacation and holiday closures resulted in limited disruption, yet still yielded numerous vehicle accidents.

NEW YORK, West

NYZ007 Jefferson 21 0200EST 0530EST 0 0 30.0K 0.00K High Wind

Windy conditions prevailed across the entire region ahead of an approaching low pressure system. While isolated reports of a tree or wires down were received from parts of the western southern tier and northern Finger Lakes, reports were more numerous across the higher elevations of the Tug Hill plateau east of Lake Ontario. Emergency management and law enforcement reported trees and wires down in Mannsville, Croghan, Lorraine and Watertown. The area had received several inches of wet snow and the weight of the snow may have contributed to the higher number of reports.

NYZ006-008-012- Cattaraugus - Chautauqua - Lewis - Oswego - Wyoming 019-020 21 1200EST 22 1400EST 0 0 51.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

Low pressure moved across the upper Great Lakes to New England. The winter storm brought heavy snow to the higher elevations of the western southern tier and eastern Lake Ontario region. Specific snowfall reports received included: 19 inches at Osceola, 16 inches at Fulton, 13 inches at Jamestown, Redfield, and Lacona, 12 inches at Kennedy, 11 inches at Franklinville and Busti, 9 inches at Little Valley, Randolph, and Harrisville, and 8 inches at Warsaw.

26 1600EST 27 0300EST 0 0 16.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

NYZ001>008-010> Allegany - Cattaraugus - Chautauqua - Genesee - Jefferson - Lewis - Livingston - Monroe - Niagara - 011-013>014-019> Northern Cayuga - Northern Erie - Ontario - Orleans - Oswego - Southern Erie - Wayne 021-085 26 1600EST 27 1100EST 0 0 198.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

Low pressure over the deep south lifted across the Tennessee Valley to the Delmarva coast. The low spread a general foot to a foot and a half of snow across the entire region. Winds increased to 20 to 30 mph, gusting at times to near 40 mph. The winds produced blowing snow and reduced visibilities. Numerous automobile accidents occurred because of the wintry conditions. Some holiday travel was disrupted at Buffalo and Rochester airports. Specific snowfall reports received included: 20 inches at Sodus; 18 inches at Copenhagen; 17 inches at Watertown and Fulton; 16 inches at Gainesville; 15 inches at Wales and Walworth; 14 inches at Greece, Bennetts Bridge and Newark; 13 inches at Allegany, Perrysburg, Hamburg, Beaver Falls, Dansville, Bristol and Minetto; 12 inches at Portville, Franklinville, Buffalo Airport, Orchard Park, Lowville, Chili, Penfield, Honeoye, Phelps, Medina, Holley, Palermo, Phoenix, Palmyra and Bennington; 11 inches at Wellsville, Whitesville, Alden, Elma, West Seneca, Williamsville, Croghan, Rochester Airport, Lockport and Perry; 10 inches at Almond, Alfred, Rushford, Salamanca, Olean, Cato, East Aurora, Boston, Stafford, Pavilion, Portageville, Avon, Pendleton, Albion, Mexico and Warsaw; 9 inches at Forestville and Ripley.

NORTH CAROLINA, Central

NCZ038 Davidson 26 0930EST 0945EST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

Strong pressure gradient winds from a developing low pressure system through the Carolinas resulted in winds gusts to around 40 mph.

155 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NORTH CAROLINA, Central Coastal Carteret County 1 W Atlantic Beach 26 1450EST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (70EG)

Life Guard stand blown down in Atlantic Beach. Roof blown off small shack.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 70 knots is equivalent to 81 mph. Carteret County 1 E Atlantic Beach 26 1450EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (70MG)

Weather-flow sensor reported 70 knot gust at Fort Macon. Note: The measured wind gust of 70 knots is equivalent to 81 mph. Carteret County 1 E Camp Glenn 26 1455EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Morehead City police reported several trees and power lines blown down in Morehead City. Wind gust of 63 mph measured at police station. Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Carteret County 2 SSE Core Creek 26 1458EST 1500EST 0.91 100 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF1)

National Weather Service storm survey found and EF1 tornado with winds estimated at 90 mph touched down north of Beaufort. The tornado was estimated to be about 100 yards wide and was on the ground for about three quarters of a mile. The tornado first touched down near the intersection of Tuttles Grove road and Madison Bay Drive then produce intermittent damage as it lifted rapidly northeast and lifted near Highway 101. Several trees were blow down and a couple homes had window and minor roof damage. There were no injuries.

Home damaged by EF1 tornado with estimated 90 mph winds north of Beaufort. Carteret County Beaufort 26 1500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (54MG)

National Ocean Service gauge located in Beaufort reported 54 knot gust.

Note: The measured wind gust of 54 knots is equivalent to 62 mph. Carteret County 1 S Beaufort Moorehd Arp 26 1500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52MG)

Beaufort draw bridge had gust to 60 mph. A warm front lifted north through eastern North Carolina during the morning hours of December 26th 2012, with weak instability developing along the coast. Scattered thunderstorms lifted northeast along the coast during the afternoon. One of the storms produce severe winds and a tornado across Carteret County. Note: The measured wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph.

156 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NORTH CAROLINA, Extreme Southwest NCZ060 Cherokee 20 0130EST 0730EST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K High Wind

A deep area of low pressure tracked through the region bringing high non-thunderstorm wind to the area on the 26th. The highest wind were across the mountains where damaging winds were reported. Several trees were downed by the high wind.

NORTH CAROLINA, Northwest and North Central

NCZ001-018 Ashe - Watauga 20 1400EST 21 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

An intense upper low was rotating through the mid-Atlantic region during the period. An equally intense surface low and occluded front were located across the eastern Ohio valley. As the low pressure area moved to the northeast of the area, intensified, and slowed in northeastward movement, this resulted in an extended period of upslope northwesterly flow along the western slopes of the Blue Ridge mountains in northwest North Carolina. While the snowfalls across this region were not nearly as significant as those observed across southeast West Virginia, where up to a foot fell in some areas, one to three inch snow accumulations were common across the region. Listed below are the various snowfall reports received from the northwest North Carolina, mainly west of Interstate-77. Alleghany county (3ENE Glade Valley) - 0.5 inch, Ashe county (3SW Creston) - 2.5 inches, Watuaga county (5ESE Banner Elk) - 2.8 inches (1WSW Foscoe) - 2.6 inches (4NE Blowing Rock) - 2.5 inches (5E Boone) - 2.3 inches (1 SE Beech Mountain) - 1.8 inches).

NCZ018 Watauga 20 2355EST 21 2057EST 0 0 6.0K 0.00K High Wind

NCZ001-002 Alleghany - Ashe 21 2135EST 2300EST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K High Wind

NCZ003-019 Surry - Wilkes 22 0618EST 0717EST 0 0 6.0K 0.00K High Wind

An intense upper low was rotating through the mid-Atlantic region during the period. An equally intense surface low and occluded front was located across the eastern Ohio valley. As the low pressure area approached the region from the west early on the 20th, very strong, gusty southeast winds developed across the higher elevations of southwest Virginia and northwest North Carolina. As the system moved to the north and east of the region, very strong, gusty northwest winds developed and persisted for an extended period across the western part of the Blacksburg forecast area from late on the afternoon of the 21st through much of the 22nd. However, the strongest winds, with gusts of 50 to 65 mph in southwest Virginia and northwest North Carolina, occurred during the late evening hours of the 20th and continued through the early morning hours of the 22nd. Winds gusts of 40 to 50 mph were common. The strong upslope winds also resulted in a persistent snowfall across the upslope areas of the Alleghanys through southwest West Virginia and the mountains of northwest North Carolina.

Below is a sample of some of the highest wind gusts recorded from several northwest North Carolina counties. If no data is given, the county either did not have winds exceeding 35 mph or did not have a wind reporting station.

Allegheny county (Barrett, 12/22/12, 205 am EST) - 46 mph, Ashe county (Laurel Spring RAWS, 12/21/12, 1010 pm EST) - 54 mph, (2 ENE Baldwin, 12/21/12, 1000 pm EST) - 52 mph, Caswell county (Caswell Game Lands RAWS, 12/22/12, 416 am EST) - 35 mph, Surry county (4S Low Gap, 12/22/12, 617 am EST) - 40 mph, (Mount Airy, 12/22/12, 335 am EST) - 40 mph, Watauga county (TNB AWOS, 12/22/12, 1235 am EST) - 67 mph, (Foscoe, 12/22/12, 1226 am EST) - 44 mph, Wilkes county (UKF AWOS, 12/22/12, 335 am EST) - 35 mph.

157 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NORTH CAROLINA, Northwest and North Central NCZ018 Watauga 26 2155EST 27 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

NCZ001 Ashe 27 0055EST 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A series of deep upper low pressure systems and associated intense surface lows tracked across the region during the last two weeks of December bringing winter weather and strong to high winds to southwest Virginia, southeast West Virginia, the adjacent Allegheny Highlands of Virginia, and northwest North Carolina. Several surface lows tracked from the week before Christmas through the final days of the year in a similar path from the Tennessee Valley across southwest Virginia and/or southeast West Virginia, then toward the mid-Atlantic region. As the surface low pressure areas intensified off the mid- Atlantic coast, very strong, gusty northwest winds developed across the region, especially southwest Virginia and northwest North Carolina. Sustained winds of 25 to 35 mph with gusts in excess of 50 mph were common from the evening of the 26th through the early morning hours of the 27th. The strong winds blew down a number of trees, many onto power lines and some onto roads, resulting in scattered power outages throughout the region. Here are some sample wind gusts measured from various weather stations across northwest North Carolina and the date/time that they occurred. Note, counties not listed either do not have reporting stations or had wind gusts reported or measured of less than 35 mph. Alleghany County (Barrett): 12/27/12, 1225 am EST, 43 mph, Ashe County (Jefferson AWOS): 12/27/12, 455 am EST, 78 mph, (Laurel Springs RAWS): 12/27/12: 610 am EST, 56 mph, Stokes County (3W Capella): 12/26/12, 725 pm EST, 40 mph, Watauga County (1ESE Boone AWOS): 12/27/12, 335 am EST, 75 mph.

NORTH CAROLINA, South Coastal New Hanover County 1 SSW Kirkland 26 0700EST 0 0 200.00K 0.00K Lightning

Lightning caused extensive fire damage to a house on Bonaventure Drive.

Lightning struck a house in New Hanover County.

Brunswick County 1 ESE Southport 26 0940EST 0941EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (54MG)

A thunderstorm wind gust to 62 mph was measured. The equipment is mounted on a tower about 45 feet above ground level.

Note: The measured wind gust of 54 knots is equivalent to 62 mph. New Hanover County 1 E Kure Beach 26 0943EST 0944EST 0 0 1.50K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

The National Weather Service conducted a survey and concluded a microburst with winds to 70 mph damaged a convenience store located on the corner of Fort Fisher Boulevard and Avenue K. Two large windows were blown out and two large outdoor ice machines were toppled. Strong to severe thunderstorms developed during the morning, along and in the wake of a warm front. Thunderstorms ended with the passage of an early afternoon pre-frontal trough. Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph.

New Hanover County 1 SE Kure Beach 26 0948EST 0955EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Funnel Cloud

The media relayed a report of a funnel cloud just south of Kure Beach along Fort Fisher Blvd. The funnel cloud did not touch down, but there was a report of garbage cans being knocked over.

A warm front produced a funnel cloud south of Kure Beach.

158 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NORTH CAROLINA, South Coastal Pender County 2 SW New Topsail Beach 26 1115EST 1116EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (51MG)

A thunderstorm wind gust to 59 mph was measured. Note: The measured wind gust of 51 knots is equivalent to 59 mph. Bladen County 1 SE Jerome 26 1241EST 1242EST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was reported down along Highway 53. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Brunswick County 1 ESE Southport 26 1250EST 1251EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (59MG)

A thunderstorm wind gust to 68 mph was measured. The equipment is mounted on a tower about 45 feet above ground level.

Strong to severe thunderstorms developed during the morning, along and in the wake of a warm front. Thunderstorms ended with the passage of an early afternoon pre-frontal trough. Note: The measured wind gust of 59 knots is equivalent to 68 mph.

New Hanover County Carolina Beach 26 1345EST 1445EST 0 0 Heavy Rain

Heavy rain caused flooding on South Lake Park Blvd. Flooding was also reported on Lake Drive near Carolina Lake up into the parking lots of local businesses. Heavy rain from a thunderstorm produced minor flooding near Carolina Beach.

NCZ107 Inland New Hanover 26 1430EST 1435EST 0 0 2.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

Strong gradient winds produce damage near Castle Hayne.

NORTH CAROLINA, Southwest

NCZ033-048>050 Avery - Madison - Mitchell - Yancey 21 0500EST 0 0 Winter Weather 22 Snow showers developed behind a cold front along the far western mountains of North Carolina during the morning, and continued off and on through the day and night of the 21st. Total accumulations generally ranged from a dusting to around 3 inches, although some higher totals occurred in the high elevations along and near the Tennessee border.

21 1200EST 22 1000EST 0 0 High Wind

NCZ049-053-065- Buncombe - Burke Mountains - Caldwell Mountains - Eastern McDowell - Greater Burke - Greater 501>507-509 Caldwell - Henderson - McDowell Mountains - Mitchell - Polk Mountains - Rutherford Mountains - Yancey 21 1200EST 22 1000EST 0 0 High Wind

Although gusty northwest winds were observed across much of the mountains beginning during the evening of the 20th, with a few trees blown down through the morning of the 21st, stronger winds developed during the afternoon of the 21st. A scattering of downed trees occurred through the afternoon, with a few power outages reported. However, the strongest winds occurred during the overnight hours. Numerous trees were blown down on the night of the 21st and early on the 22nd, with most of the damage occurring within a few miles of the Blue Ridge escarpment. Multiple trees fell on structures, especially in Buncombe and Henderson counties. Trees falling on power lines also resulted in quite a few power outages.

159 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NORTH CAROLINA, Southwest NCZ058-062 Graham - Macon 26 0400EST 0900EST 0 0 High Wind

Strong southeast winds developed across the southwest mountains of North Carolina during the early morning hours of the 26th and persisted through mid-morning. Occasional gusts as high as 60 mph, combined with saturated ground, resulted in numerous falling trees across the area.

NCZ033-049-050 Avery - Mitchell - Yancey 26 2100EST 27 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Snow showers developed across the northern mountains during the evening of the 26th and continued off and on overnight before ending during the morning of the 27th. Accumulations were generally confined to the higher elevations, above 3500 feet, where 1-3 inch totals were common. However, there were some higher totals on the peaks along and near the Tennessee border. 28 2000EST 29 0500EST 0 0 Winter Weather

NCZ049-053-501> Buncombe - Burke Mountains - Caldwell Mountains - Eastern McDowell - Greater Burke - Greater 506 Caldwell - McDowell Mountains - Mitchell - Yancey 28 2000EST 29 0500EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Light sleet developed across the northern mountains and foothills during the evening hours, as a weak area of low pressured moved south of the region. Although mostly rain fell in the lower elevations, a few periodic bursts of sleet resulted in spotty light accumulations. The more significant accumulations occurred in the high elevations along and west of the escarpment, where as much as a half inch fell. Sleet changed to light freezing rain across portions of the northern mountains, mainly above 3000 feet, early on the 29th. The combination of sleet and light ice accretion resulted in some very slick roads.

NCZ033-048>053- Avery - Buncombe - Graham - Haywood - Madison - Mitchell - Swain - Yancey 058 29 1700EST 30 0400EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Snow showers developed behind a cold front by the evening of the 29th, and continued off and on through the night before ending early on the 30th. Valley accumulations ranged from little more than a dusting in the lower elevations beneath the Smokies and the middle French Broad Valley, to an inch or two across the lower French Broad and the high valleys of the northern mountains. Meanwhile, some high elevation locations near the Tennessee border saw 6 inches or more.

NORTH DAKOTA, Central and West

NDZ017-034 McKenzie - Morton 08 1200CST 2100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

NDZ047-050>051 Dickey - La Moure - Logan - McIntosh 08 2100CST 09 0800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

Low pressure moving from Montana, across South Dakota, and into the Upper Mississippi Valley brought severe winter weather to parts of west and south central North Dakota on the 8th and 9th. Up to eight inches of snow fell over McKenzie County and southern Morton County. Over the southern James River Basin of North Dakota snowfall up to six inches combined with winds gusting over 40 miles per hour to create blizzard conditions during the evening of the 8th into the morning hours of the 9th.

160 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

NORTH DAKOTA, East NDZ049-052-053 Ransom - Richland - Sargent 08 1800CST 09 1522CST 0 0 0.00K Winter Storm

Four to six inches of snow fell south of the Interstate 94 corridor in North Dakota. The highest amount, six inches, fell west of Fairmount. As wind speeds increased on the 9th, visibilities due to blowing snow lowered, especially in open country. Several observation sites reported wind gusts as high as 45 mph. Temperatures on the 9th also ranged in the single digits above zero, which in combination with the winds resulted in wind chill readings from 25 below to 35 below zero.

OHIO, East

OHZ039>041-048- Carroll - Columbiana - Coshocton - Jefferson - Muskingum - Tuscarawas 050-057 26 0700EST 2315EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A surface low moving south of the region brought mixed precipitation and heavy snow to much of eastern Ohio, western Pennsylvania, northern West Virginia, and Garrett county Maryland on the 26th of December. Precipitation mainly started out as snow, sleet, or freezing rain but as a dry slot and warm air lifted northward, changed over to rain for southern portions of the region. Up to one half inch of ice was measured in Preston county in West Virginia and in Westmoreland and Fayette counties in Pennsylvania. The heaviest snow amounts of 8-14 inches were generally confined to an area north and south of Pittsburgh. A mix of sleet, freezing rain, and snow kept amounts lower at Pittsburgh and points south.

OHIO, North

OHZ013-014 Ashtabula - Geauga 21 0400EST 22 0300EST 0 0 150.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

A low pressure system tracked northeast out of the Plains, and underwent rapid deepening as it passed north of Lake Erie on December 21st. The storm occluded, pulling a cold front east across Northern Ohio during the early morning hours, with westerly winds gusting to between 40 and 50 mph during the day on the 21st. The strongest winds occurred near the Lake Erie shoreline. Precipitation transitioned to snow with the passage of the cold front, bringing periods of heavy snow to northeast Ohio. The low pressure system eventually deepened to 980 mb as it reached upstate New York on the evening of December 21st. Winds shifted to the northwest off of Lake Erie with synoptic snow transitioning to lake enhanced bands which continued into the morning of December 22nd. The highest snowfall totals of 6-10 inches occurred in the snowbelt with isolated totals near a foot.

OHZ011>014-020> Ashland - Ashtabula - Ashtabula Lakeshore - Crawford - Cuyahoga - Geauga - Holmes - Knox - Lake - 023-028>033-036> Mahoning - Marion - Medina - Morrow - Portage - Richland - Stark - Summit - Trumbull - Wayne 038-047-089 26 0800EST 1730EST 0 0 1.45M 0.00K Winter Storm

An area of strong low pressure moved up the Tennessee Valley and then shifted to the Mid-Atlantic Coast. Snow associated with this low spread into northern Ohio during morning hours of the 26th. Periods of snow then continued into the evening hours when it quickly ended from west to east. Some of the snow was heavy, especially during the afternoon hours when visibilities were less than a quarter mile at many locations. Northeast to east winds gusting to as much as 30 mph accompanied the snow and caused considerable blowing and drifting. Snowfall totals ranged from over 10 inches in the northeast corner of Ohio to around 6 inches along the Interstate 71 corridor. Lesser amounts of snow were generally found further west. Peaks totals for a few of the counties affected included: 12.3 inches at Ashtabula in Ashtabula County; 11.5 inches at Montville in Geuaga County; 10.7 inches at the Youngstown-Warren Regional Airport in Trumbull County and 9.5 inches at Madison in Lake County. This storm forced the closure of dozens of school districts and hampered travel across the region. Many accidents were reported.

161 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

OHIO, Northwest OHZ025 Allen 26 0700EST 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

OHZ015 Paulding 26 0700EST 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

OHZ016-024 Putnam - Van Wert 26 0800EST 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

OHZ001-004>005 Defiance - Fulton - Henry - Williams 26 0800EST 2100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A deepening low pressure system tracking northeast through the Ohio Valley brought accumulating snow and blowing snow to northwest Ohio on December 26th.

28 2300EST 29 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

OHZ005-015-024> Allen - Henry - Paulding - Putnam - Van Wert 025 28 2300EST 29 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure system tracking through the Ohio Valley dropped between 3 and 6 inches of snow on portions of northwest Ohio.

OHIO, Southeast

OHZ066 Perry 26 0500EST 1800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A strong low pressure system lifted northeast through West Virginia on the 26th. Snow began before dawn in Perry County then changed to a wintry mix of snow, sleet, and freezing rain during the morning. The event ended as some light snow by evening. Snow and sleet accumulations of 1 to 3 inches were common. Ice accumulations were less than a tenth of an inch.

OHZ085>087 Gallia - Lawrence - Meigs 29 0000EST 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

OHZ066-075>076- Athens - Jackson - Morgan - Perry - Vinton - Washington 083>084 29 0030EST 1030EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A low pressure system lifted northeast, out of the Tennessee Valley late on the 28th. Wet snow developed over southeast Ohio just after midnight. The low center passed through West Virginia during the morning. The snow diminished across southeast Ohio by late morning. Snow accumulations of 3 to 6 inches occurred in less than 12 hours across Jackson, Vinton, Athens, Washington, Morgan, and Perry Counties. Accumulations of 1 to 4 inches were more common in Meigs, Gallia, and Lawrence Counties.

162 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

OHIO, Southwest OHZ042-060-062 Darke - Greene - Preble 20 1811EST 21 1835EST 0 0 High Wind

In the wake of a cold front with strong low pressure crossing east through the lower great lakes in the late afternoon of December 20th, numerous wind gusts over 50 mph occurred. Out of the 40 recorded gusts over 45 mph, three of them were over 58 mph and crossed into the high wind category.

OHZ026-034-042> Auglaize - Butler - Champaign - Clark - Darke - Hardin - Logan - Mercer - Miami - Montgomery - Preble 044-051>053-060> - Shelby 061-070 26 0500EST 1800EST 0 0 Blizzard

Heavy snow and strong winds combined to create blizzard-like conditions over portions of Ohio beginning Christmas night and continuing into Wednesday morning.

OHZ045-054>055- Delaware - Franklin - Greene - Hamilton - Madison - Union - Warren 062-071-077 26 0500EST 1800EST 0 0 Winter Storm

Heavy snow and strong winds combined to create near blizzard conditions over portions of Ohio beginning Christmas night and continuing into Wednesday.

OHZ063>065-071> Adams - Brown - Clermont - Clinton - Fairfield - Fayette - Hamilton - Highland - Hocking - Pickaway - 074-077>082-088 Pike - Ross - Scioto - Warren 28 2200EST 29 1200EST 0 0 Winter Storm

A low pressure system moved across the Tennessee Valley and into the Appalachians Friday Night through Saturday, December 29th and snow overspread the Ohio Valley. The heaviest snow generally fell along and southeast of Interstate 71, where 4 to 5 inches of accumulation was common. Northwest of the interstate, snowfall amounts were in the 2 to 4 inch range.

OHZ026-034-042> Auglaize - Butler - Champaign - Clark - Darke - Delaware - Franklin - Greene - Hardin - Licking - Logan 046-051>056-060> - Madison - Mercer - Miami - Montgomery - Preble - Shelby - Union 062-070 28 2200EST 29 1200EST 0 0 Winter Weather

A low pressure system moved across the Tennessee Valley and into the Appalachians Friday Night through Saturday, December 29th and snow overspread the Ohio Valley. The heaviest snow generally fell along and southeast of Interstate 71, where 4 to 5 inches of accumulation was common. Northwest of the interstate, snowfall amounts were in the 2 to 4 inch range.

OKLAHOMA, Eastern

OKZ049-053>076 Adair - Cherokee - Choctaw - Craig - Creek - Delaware - Haskell - Latimer - Le Flore - Mayes - McIntosh - Muskogee - Nowata - Okfuskee - Okmulgee - Osage - Ottawa - Pawnee - Pittsburg - Pushmataha - Rogers - Sequoyah - Tulsa - Wagoner - Washington 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Precipitation over eastern Oklahoma continued below normal during December 2012, ranging from 0.25 inches near the Kansas/Missouri border to nearly four inches locally in southeastern Oklahoma. Much of southeastern Oklahoma received between 75 and 90 percent of normal precipitation while much of northeastern Oklahoma north of I-44 only received between 10 and 25 percent of normal precipitation. As a result of this continued dry weather, most of eastern Oklahoma remained in extreme drought (D3) conditions while exceptional drought (D4) conditions continued across much of Osage, Pawnee, Washington, and Creek Counties. Monetary damage estimates resulting from the drought were not available.

Pittsburg County 1 NW Savanna 19 1950CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Strong thunderstorm wind blew down large tree limbs. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph.

163 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

OKLAHOMA, Eastern Pittsburg County Mc Alester 19 2002CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Haskell County Keota 19 2048CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Strong thunderstorm wind blew down numerous large tree limbs.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Sequoyah County 4 N Muldrow 19 2106CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Le Flore County 1 NE Wister 19 2143CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Strong thunderstorm wind blew down large tree limbs northeast of town.

A line of severe thunderstorms developed over eastern Oklahoma during the early evening hours of the 19th as a cold front moved into the region from the west. The thunderstorms moved rapidly eastward, producing damaging wind and large hail across mainly southeastern Oklahoma. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph.

OKZ049-053-070- Choctaw - Haskell - Latimer - Le Flore - Muskogee - Pittsburg - Pushmataha 073>076 25 1300CST 0000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A strong storm system translated from the Pacific Northwest across the Southern Rockies and into the Southern Plains from the 23rd through the 25th. Rain began across southeastern Oklahoma during the early morning hours of the 25th as this system approached and then transitioned to light freezing rain and a little sleet. The precipitation changed over to snow during the early afternoon of the 25th and fell heavily for several hours before tapering off late in the evening. A swath of heavy snow occurred across much of central and southern Oklahoma with four to eight inches occurring across southeastern and east central Oklahoma.

OKLAHOMA, Extreme Southeast

OKZ077 McCurtain 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Drought conditions continued across McCurtain County in Southeast Oklahoma during the month of December despite the fact that December rainfall totals across the county ranged from 2 to 4 inches. The month began with the entire county being classified as D3 Extreme Drought conditions and by the end of the month, the classification stayed the same.

Mccurtain County 1 E Idabel 19 2250CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55EG)

Several trees and powerlines were downed blocking roads across the southern half of the county near the Red River.

A very unstable airmass developed across the Four State region during the afternoon and evening hours of December 12th. A potent upper level storm system moved out of the Inter Mountain West and into the Southern Plains during the afternoon as well. A warm front moved north of the region allowing for dewpoint temperatures well into the 60s across the entire region. Shear was very strong ahead of this upper level storm system with nearly 70 knots of deep layer shear. The wind profile however was unidirectional which given the instability in place, provided the necessary ingredients for a squall line to develop. Storms originally developed across North Central Texas and Southern Oklahoma along a prefrontal surface trough. The broken line of storms increased in coverage and intensity with the squall line moving through the entire Four State Region during the late night hours of the 19th and early morning hours of the 20th. Wind damage was widespread across the entire Four State Region. Note: The estimated wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph.

OKZ077 McCurtain 25 1500CST 2100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

164 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

OKLAHOMA, Extreme Southeast

A deep upper level low pressure system that produced severe thunderstorms across the southern half of Northeast Texas into much of Northern Louisiana produced widespread rain across all of Southeast Oklahoma during Christmas Day. However...much colder arctic air moved into the Middle Red River Valley during the late afternoon and evening hours of the 25th which allowed the rain to change over to snow very quickly. Accumulating snow was common across all of McCurtain County in Southeast Oklahoma. This heavy wet snow resulted in several trees downed along with powerlines which cut power to many locations in McCurtain County, Oklahoma. There were also several accidents reported from the accumulating snow on area roadways and bridges. The following were some snowfall accumulations across the county: Broken Bow: 5 inches, 4 SW of Idabel: 8 inches, 4 SW Haworth: 6.7 inches.

OKLAHOMA, Panhandle

OKZ001>003 Beaver - Cimarron - Texas 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 55.0M Drought

The month of December provided a few opportunities for improvement in drought conditions across the Oklahoma Panhandle, but fell short of showing significant improvement. Exceptional (D4) drought affects all of Beaver County and most of Texas County. Extreme (D3) drought affects the northwest corner of Texas County and the southern half of Cimarron County. Severe (D2) drought affects the northern half of Cimarron County. Multiple snow events provided the Oklahoma Panhandle with some much needed moisture. Guymon recorded 0.97 inches of precipitation (0.33 inches above normal) for the month. Overall this month ranked as the 43rd warmest and 55th wettest December on record for the Oklahoma Panhandle. As December came to an end so did the warmest 1 year, 2 year, and 3 year period on record for the Oklahoma Panhandle. Limited dormant fuels remain in prime condition for the spread of fires across the Panhandle. But given the recent wetting rains a marginal improvement was noted in the Keetch-Byram Drought Index for the Oklahoma Panhandle as it now falls within the 600 to 800 range. The recent rains did little to help the growth of dryland winter wheat as crops had already failed or failed to emerge in some counties. Irrigated fields showed average growth but have required significant supplemental watering. The Palmer Drought Severity Index showed improvement for the Oklahoma Panhandle as the rating was increased to moderate drought from extreme drought. Water watches remain in effect for several public water systems through December while voluntary to mandatory water restrictions have been enacted. Economic losses due to the drought through December were estimated near $15 million (D3)/25 million (D4) a county, and were predominately the result for poor growth of winter wheat, heavy supplemental watering, and supplemental feed for cattle in pastures and rangeland.

19 1310CST 2000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

OKZ002 Texas 19 1310CST 2000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong cold front moved across the Oklahoma Panhandle during the afternoon hours on the 19th. Behind the front, 40 to 60 mph mid-level winds were able to reach the ground. These stronger mid-level winds coupled with a strong surface pressure gradient over the Oklahoma Panhandle to result in several hours of 30 to 45 mph sustained surface winds with wind gusts up to 62 mph. These high winds made travel extremely difficult for high profile vehicles, however no vehicle accidents were reported in association to the high winds. The highest gust for the Oklahoma Panhandle was 62 mph and occurred at Goodwell (Texas County). The strong winds also coupled with light snow to reduce visibilities on area roads to near whiteout visibilities in Beaver (Beaver County) as reported by the Sheriff Office. By 8:00 PM CST the cold front had moved far enough to the southeast to no longer allow stronger mid-level winds to mix to the surface. Here is a listing of all the high wind gusts reported: Boise City (Cimarron County) 59 mph; Goodwell (Texas County) 62 mph; Guymon (Texas County) 58 mph.

OKZ003 Beaver 19 1845CST 2050CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

165 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

OKLAHOMA, Panhandle

A strong cold front moved across the Oklahoma Panhandle during the afternoon hours on the 19th. Behind the front, strong mid -level winds mixing to the surface with a strong surface pressure gradient over the Oklahoma Panhandle to result in several hours of 30 to 45 mph sustained surface winds with wind gusts up to 64 mph. During the same time light snow showers formed over the Southern Plains. The combination of strong winds and snowfall reduced visibilities on area roads to near whiteout conditions in Beaver (Beaver County). By 8:50 PM CST snow showers ended as the upper level support for these showers had moved well east of the area. Light snow accumulations of less than an inch were reported across the Oklahoma Panhandle.

OKZ001>003 Beaver - Cimarron - Texas 25 1115CST 1936CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A vigorous mid-level trough of low pressure moved out of southeastern New Mexico and into west central Texas during the early morning hours of December 25th. The lift provided by this system and low level wrap around moisture caused light snow showers to form over the Southern Plains. The snow showers persisted for several hours to produce at least 1 inch of accumulated snow in every county in the Oklahoma Panhandle. The snow fall began to diminish during the early evening hours as the upper low continued its eastward path into southern Arkansas and northern Louisiana. The following is a list of snow amounts across the Oklahoma Panhandle: Beaver (Beaver County) 1.0 inch; Slapout (Beaver County) 1.0 inch; Boise City (Cimarron County) 1.0 inch; and Guymon (Texas County) 1.0 inch.

28 0230CST 0750CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A period of light snow produced 2 inches of snow across Cimarron County during the early morning hours of December 28th. The snow showers were triggered by a mid-level shortwave trough moving out of New Mexico. The shortwave lifted warm moist air over a surface cold front positioned across the southern Texas Panhandle. After a period of virga the lower levels of the atmosphere became moist enough for the snow to reach the ground. Snow showers continued to fall for several hours until the shortwave ejected northeastward into Kansas and Missouri. Trained storm spotters measured 2 inches of snow at both Wheeless (Cimarron County) and west of Boise City (Cimarron County). No impacts to area roads were reported.

31 0315CST 1150CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

OKZ002-003 Beaver - Texas 31 0315CST 1150CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Over the course of the late night hours on the 30th an upper level trough of low pressure situated over the Arizona and California state line moved eastward towards the Oklahoma Panhandle. Ahead of this trough, a 150mph-160mph jet stream coupled with a surface low pressure system diving southeastward out of southern Colorado initiated precipitation across the Southern Plains. As the surface low continued its southeasterly track, the associated cold front dropped temperatures below the freezing mark. At this time any precipitation falling transitioned quickly from rain to sleet to all snow. Snowfall continued for several hours as moisture wrapped around the surface low before ending from west to east at noon. The highest snowfall amount of 8 inches was observed in the western Oklahoma Panhandle. The snow pack created some icy spots on roadways as reported by local law enforcement. Below is a listing of snow amounts by county: Cimarron County: 2 W Wheeless 8.0 inches; Felt 7.5 inches; Boise City 6.0 inches; 2 ESE Boise City 5.0 inches. Texas County: Tyrone 3.0 inches; 2.0 inches. Beaver County: 10 E Beaver 2.0 inches; Beaver 1.5 inches.

166 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

OKLAHOMA, Panhandle

Snow covered US Highway 64 approaching 15th Street in Guymon (Texas County). Provided by Shawn Yorks onto the National Weather Service Facebook Page.

OKLAHOMA, Western Central and Southeast

OKZ004>048-050> Alfalfa - Atoka - Beckham - Blaine - Bryan - Caddo - Canadian - Carter - Cleveland - Coal - Comanche - 052 Cotton - Custer - Dewey - Ellis - Garfield - Garvin - Grady - Grant - Greer - Harmon - Harper - Hughes - Jackson - Jefferson - Johnston - Kay - Kingfisher - Kiowa - Lincoln - Logan - Love - Major - Marshall - McClain - Murray - Noble - Oklahoma - Payne - Pontotoc - Pottawatomie - Roger Mills - Seminole - Stephens - Tillman - Washita - Woods - Woodward

01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 Drought

Very few rainfall events occurred during the month of December over Oklahoma. This allowed drought conditions to persist or even worsen in some areas.

OKZ050 Love 10 0700CST 1100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

An arctic front moved through Oklahoma during the evening hours on the 9th. As very cold air spilled into Oklahoma from the North, a strong upper level wave moved over southern Oklahoma and northern Texas. Strong lift associated with this system was enough to generate a narrow band of light to moderate snow. Several areas saw snow accumulation, including parts of the Arbuckles Mountains in south-central Oklahoma. Snow accumulations ranged from a dusting to around an inch and a half.

Beckham County 3 WSW Elk City 14 1825CST 0 0 5.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Power lines were reported down on Merritt Road just north of I-40 at MM 34.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Washita County 3 E Colony 14 1910CST 0 0 5.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Several trees were blown down and shingles were removed from the roof of a residence. Time estimated from radar.

A large and intense squall line developed along a cold front over eastern New Mexico during the early afternoon, then swept quickly east through the Texas Panhandle and western Oklahoma by evening. Severe winds occurred in a few locations near the apex of the bowing squall line. Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph.

167 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

OKLAHOMA, Western Central and Southeast Bryan County Bennington 19 2004CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50MG) Note: The measured wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

Bryan County 1 W Caddo 19 2004CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50MG) Note: The measured wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

Bryan County 1 W Albany 19 2056CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Estimated by public. No damage was reported. A deepening surface cyclone moved across northern Oklahoma during the evening hours of the 19th. As a dryline surged eastward into central and eastern Oklahoma, instability and strong wind shear lead to the development of multicell storms. These storms eventually grew into a severe squall line that moved across eastern Oklahoma. Wind damage was reported in a few locations. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph.

OKZ035 Kiowa 25 0600CST 1500CST 0 0 Heavy Snow

OKZ009-016>017- Beckham - Blaine - Custer - Ellis - Grady - Jackson - McClain - Woodward 021-027>028-036 25 0600CST 1800CST 0 0 Winter Weather

OKZ023 Caddo 25 0900CST 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

OKZ038 Comanche 25 0900CST 2000CST 0 0 Winter Storm

OKZ037-045 Jefferson - Tillman 25 0900CST 1500CST 0 0 Winter Weather

OKZ044 Cotton 25 1200CST 1730CST 0 0 Blizzard

OKZ046 Carter 25 1200CST 1700CST 0 0 Heavy Snow

A strong upper storm system moved into Oklahoma from Christmas Eve through Christmas Day. Much of southern and western Oklahoma received considerable snowfall, while northern an central Oklahoma saw measurable snows. A brief period of blizzard conditions also occurred over southwest Oklahoma, where over 6 inches of snow fell in some areas.

168 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

OREGON, Central and East

ORZ502 Northern Blue Mountains 08 1257PST 1500PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Increased moisture and prolonged northwest flow assisted in significant upslope snow shower over the Blue Mountains, with Ski Bluewood and Tollgate being the heaviest hit areas. This was a 48 hour warning due to the fact that there was little breaks and there was no real way to separate one storm from another. Snow amounts in inches include: Milk Shakes Snotel recorded (8) in the first 12 hours with a 24 hour of (14) and a 48 hour storm total of (18), Tollgate reported (18) in 24 hours, High Ridge Snotel recorded a 48 storm total of (14), Meacham had a storm total of (8) with occasional blizzard like conditions. Also I-84 was temporarily shut down due to heavy snow and car accidents near Meacham.

ORZ044-049 Grand Ronde Valley - Lower Columbia Basin 17 0500PST 0000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong Pacific storm system brought a mixture of weather and high winds to the lower elevations. Reports of damage and wind gusts in MPH include: (99) at the Boardman Coal Plant in Boardman, 5 NNE La Grande (62), and a semi-truck was blown over by the wind on I-84 near Milepost 266.

ORZ049-503-507- Foothills Of The Northern Blue Mountains Of Oregon - Foothills Of The Southern Blue Mountains Of 508 Oregon - Grand Ronde Valley - Southern Blue Mountains 20 0400PST 1500PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

South and southeast pressure gradients produced very strong winds across several areas of northeast Oregon. Damage and wind speeds in MPH reported include: winds blew solar panels from a roof of a house off 2 miles ESE of Pendleton, a mesonet measured a gust of (68) near Long Creek, metal siding torn off the side of a barn by strong winds 2 miles WSW of Cayuse, large trees knocked down and a measured (63) wind gust in Heppner, a mesonet measured a wind gust of (58) in the city of Union, a mesonet measured a wind gust of (61) 5 SE of Milton-Freewater, a mesonet measured a wind gust of (85) near Ruggs, another mesonet near Ruggs measured a gust of (83), a mesonet in Lexington measured a gust of (58), newspaper reported a tractor trailer blown over near mission and the I-84 and SR-218 were closed due to traffic, hazardous trees were across SR 237 just 2 miles W of Cove, a mesonet near Pilot Rock measured a wind gust of (66), a mesonet 11 miles SSE of La Grande measured a wind gust of (59), an AWOS in La Grande measured a wind gust of (58), a 6 inch diameter tree was blown down and an 11 foot long aluminum gate was blown off its hinges 1 mile E of Cove, a mesonet 9 WSW of fox measured a gust of (67 ), 4 semi-trucks were blown over on I-84 6 miles E of Pendleton, and a 50ft spruce tree was blown over clipping power lines and was set on fire causing a local neighborhood in Pendleton to be temporarily evacuated.

ORZ509 East Slopes Of The Oregon Cascades 23 1600PST 1700PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Another Pacific storm pushed across the Pacific Northwest and brought heavy snow to the Central Oregon area. Snowfall amounts in inches include, (6) 5 N of La Pine, and (8) 4 miles SSW of Bend.

ORZ502 Northern Blue Mountains 24 0400PST 1400PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A trough of low pressure moved through the area Christmas Eve and brought heavy snow to the mountains of northeast Oregon. Snowfall amounts in inches include: High Ridge SNOTEL (12), Milk Shakes SNOTEL (20), and Tollgate (30).

169 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

OREGON, Central and East ORZ041-505>506- East Slopes Of The Oregon Cascades - Eastern Columbia River Gorge - John Day Basin - North Central 509 Oregon - Ochoco-John Day Highlands 25 0930PST 0800PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A strong Pacific storm system brought snow to most of eastern Oregon on Christmas day. Several areas received moderate to heavy snow. Snowfall measured in inches include: (4) 5 miles SSW of Chenoweth, (7.5) just southwest of Grass Valley, (6) 10 miles NE of Service Creek, (4) 4 miles NW of The Dalles, (6) 1 mile south of Black Butte Ranch, (5.5) just East of Maupin, (9) 2 miles SW of Sisters, (6) 3 miles SW of Lyle, (5) reported in Crook County, (6) 1 mile ESE of Izee, (5) 9 miles NW of Seneca, (6) in Monument, (7) in Condon, (4) 6 miles west of Mitchell, and (7) just SW of Paulina.

OREGON, Northwest

ORZ001-004 Central Coast Range of West Oregon - Central Oregon Coast - Northern Oregon Coast

01 0000PST 0012PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong Pacific cold front brought strong southerly winds to the north and central Oregon Coast.

ORZ004 Central Coast Range of West Oregon 03 2335PST 04 0612PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

ORZ001>003-008- Cascades in Lane County - Central Oregon Coast - Coast Range of Northwest Oregon - Northern Oregon 013 Coast - Southern Willamette Valley 04 0003PST 0227PST 0 0 100.0K 0.00K High Wind

A strong Pacific cold front brought strong southerly winds to the North and Central Oregon Coast.

ORZ011-013 Cascades in Lane County - Northern Oregon Cascades 16 1000PST 17 1600PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A cold air mass moved over the forecast area following a Pacific cold front...resulting in significant snowfall in the Cascades.

ORZ001>004-006> Cascades in Lane County - Central Coast Range of West Oregon - Central Oregon Coast - Central 008-010-013 Willamette Valley - Coast Range of Northwest Oregon - Greater Portland Metro Area - North Oregon Cascades Foothills - Northern Oregon Coast - Southern Willamette Valley 16 1355PST 17 0200PST 0 0 300.0K 0.00K High Wind

A strong low pressure system brought high winds to portions of Northwest Oregon.

ORZ009-014 Upper Hood River Valley - Western Columbia River Gorge 19 0400PST 1200PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Cold air trapped in the Columbia River Gorge combined with an incoming Pacific low pressure system brought heavy snowfall to the Gorge and North Oregon Cascades.

ORZ001-002 Central Oregon Coast - Northern Oregon Coast 19 1142PST 20 2300PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong Pacific cold front brought strong southerly winds to the North and Central Oregon Coast.

170 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

OREGON, Northwest ORZ003-009>011- Coast Range of Northwest Oregon - North Oregon Cascades Foothills - Northern Oregon Cascades - 014 Upper Hood River Valley - Western Columbia River Gorge 25 0400PST 1200PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A cold air mass moved over the forecast area following a Pacific cold front...resulting in significant snowfall across portions of Northwest Oregon.

OREGON, Southeast

ORZ062 Baker 15 2200MST 16 1000MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

ORZ061 Harney 16 0800PST 1300PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A winter storm spread 4 to 5 inches of snow across most of Harney County on the 16th of the month.

25 1000PST 2100PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

ORZ062 Baker 25 1200MST 2300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A winter storm hit parts of Southeast Oregon on Christmas leaving behind up to 8 inches of fresh snow.

OREGON, Southwest

ORZ022-028-030- Central & Eastern Lake - Coastal Curry - Northern & Eastern Klamath & Western Lake - Siskiyou 031 Mountains & Southern Oregon Cascades 01 0000PST 0300PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A front moved onshore around midnight on the morning of 12/01...and some high winds were reported in the new month.

ORZ031 Central & Eastern Lake 02 0027PST 0603PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong cold front brought high winds to portions of the Oregon coast, Cascades, and east side.

Douglas County 2 NW Dixonville 02 0330PST 0830PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Deer Creek at Roseburg exceeded flood stage during this interval. It crested at 108.36 feet at 02/0630 PST. Upriver near Tokatee, Oregon 138E was partially closed by a landslide. Coos County 1 N Cedar Pt 02 0500PST 06 0100PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The Coquille River at Coquille exceeded flood stage during this interval. It reached moderate flood stage between 02/1730 and 04/0145 PST. It crested at 23.60 feet several times between 03/2245 and 03/0100 PST. Oregon Highway 241 near Coos Bay was briefly closed by a landslide along with downed trees and powerlines.

171 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

OREGON, Southwest Jackson County 5 S Mc Leod 02 0759PST 2 NW Rogue River 2000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Numerous spotter reports of 24 hour rainfall totals exceeding an inch were received. The heaviest reported amount was 3.10 inches from a spotter 3SSE Ashland. There were a number of reports of urban flooding in the area.

Jackson County 1 NW Tolo 02 1100PST 1400PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The Rogue River at Gold Ray exceeded flood stage during this interval. It crested at 12.23 feet at 02/1245 PST.

Coos County 1 W Myrtle Pt 02 1245PST 2330PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The South Fork of the Coquille River at Myrtle Point exceeded flood stage during this interval. It crested at 33.83 feet at 02/1800 PST. A 180 foot section of Oregon Highway 542 collapsed next to the river.

Curry County Agness 02 1530PST 03 0600PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The Rogue River at Agness exceeded flood stage during this interval. It crested at 19.10 feet at 03/0000 PST.

Persistent heavy precipitation caused flooding on several rivers and creeks during this interval.

ORZ021-022 Coastal Curry - South Central Oregon Coast 03 2113PST 04 0336PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

ORZ028-031 Central & Eastern Lake - Siskiyou Mountains & Southern Oregon Cascades

04 0039PST 1144PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Yet another incoming cold front brought high winds to portions of southern Oregon.

Curry County Agness 05 1245PST 2000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The Rogue River at Agness exceeded flood stage during this interval. It crested at 17.52 feet at 05/1700 PST.

Persistent heavy precipitation caused flooding on several rivers and creeks during this interval.

ORZ021-028-031 Central & Eastern Lake - Coastal Curry - Siskiyou Mountains & Southern Oregon Cascades - South Central Oregon Coast 16 1239PST 17 1839PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

After a lull in storm activity, a strong cold front brought high winds back to portions of southern Oregon.

ORZ021-028-031 Central & Eastern Lake - Coastal Curry - Siskiyou Mountains & Southern Oregon Cascades - South Central Oregon Coast 19 1342PST 20 1103PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

172 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

OREGON, Southwest

The stormy pattern continued as another cold front brought high winds to portions of southern Oregon.

ORZ024-026-029 Eastern Curry & Josephine - Jackson - Klamath Basin 20 0800PST 21 1000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

ORZ030-031 Central & Eastern Lake - Northern & Eastern Klamath & Western Lake

22 0700PST 0900PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A long lasting winter storm occurred during this interval, caused by a series of closely spaced storms. Most of the snow fell in ORZ024, but heavy snow and blizzards occurred in other areas as well.

Coos County 1 N Cedar Pt 22 1000PST 25 1930PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The Coquille River remained above flood state during this interval. The river crested at 22.89 feet at 23/2245 PST.

Persistent heavy rains led to flooding on the Coquille River.

ORZ027-028 Siskiyou Mountains & Southern Oregon Cascades - South Central Oregon Cascades

23 0000PST 1600PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A long lasting winter storm occurred during this interval, caused by a series of closely spaced storms. Most of the snow fell in ORZ024, but heavy snow and blizzards occurred in other areas as well.

ORZ021 South Central Oregon Coast 31 0100PST 0800PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Frost/Freeze

Clearing skies and a cold air mass allowed temperatures to fall below freezing in some areas along the coast.

PENNSYLVANIA, Central

PAZ004-033 Somerset - Warren 21 0000EST 22 1350EST 0 0 Winter Storm

An intense low pressure system and sharp cold front moved across the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast states. The initial surge of precipitation with this system quickly changed from rain to snow across the Alleghenies and Central Mountains early on the 21st. The pattern transitioned to a lake effect snow regime on the backside of the departing storm system later on the 21st into the 22nd. Cold and blustery northwest winds added to the winter weather impacts causing near-blizzard conditions and significant blowing/drifting snow across the highest elevations. The heaviest snow fell across Warren and Somerset counties, given the proximity to Lake Erie and elevated terrain enhancement.

PAZ004>006-010> Bedford - Blair - Cambria - Cameron - Clearfield - Columbia - Elk - Fulton - Huntingdon - Mckean - 012-017>019-024> Northern Centre - Northern Clinton - Northern Lycoming - Potter - Somerset - Southern Centre - 026-033>035-037- Southern Clinton - Southern Lycoming - Sullivan - Tioga - Warren 041>042-045>046- 053 26 0700EST 0622EST 0 0 Winter Storm

173 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

PENNSYLVANIA, Central

The first significant winter storm of the 2012-2013 season brought a mixed-bag of snow, sleet, freezing rain and rain to central Pennsylvania on December 26th. A primary surface low over the Tennessee and Ohio Valleys redeveloped east of the Appalachians and tracked northeast across the Delmarva and northern Mid-Atlantic coast. The snow began shortly after sunrise in the southwest and spread northward during the day. The snow and mixed precipitation tapered off in the west during the evening and in the east overnight. Storm total snow accumulations ranged from 8-10 inches north of I-80; 6-8 inches over central and southwest sections; 3-5 inches in the middle Susquehanna Valley and 1-3 inches over the lower Susquehanna Valley. The highest snow accumulation was recorded in Coudersport (Potter County) at 15 inches. The snow changed to sleet and freezing rain, then to plain rain over the lower Susquehanna Valley during the afternoon. The precipitation type transition to sleet and freezing rain occurred later in the day and evening hour over middle Susquehanna Valley as well as the central mountains. The mixed precipitation limited the snow accumulations. During the evening, thundersnow was witnessed in the State College area as a strong banded feature moved northward over north-central Pennsylvania.

PENNSYLVANIA, East

PAZ054-060>062- Berks - Carbon - Chester - Lehigh - Monroe - Montgomery - Northampton 067>068 07 0630EST 1300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A southwest flow of milder air aloft preceding a cold front and riding over at or below freezing temperatures at the surface produced light freezing rain and sleet during the morning commute on the 7th across the far northwest Philadelphia suburbs, Berks County, the Lehigh Valley and the Poconos. Ice accretions were generally just a couple of hundredths of an inch, but untreated roadways were icy and hazardous. In Berks County, a police officer was involved in a non injury accident while responding to another accident at the intersections of U.S. Route 222 and State Route 737 in Kutztown. U.S. Route 222 was closed because of multiple accidents between the Long Lane and Krumsville. A mixture of sleet and light freezing rain overspread the area between 630 a.m. EST and 730 a.m. EST on the 7th. For most of the area, temperatures rose above freezing around 8 a.m. EST and the wintry mix changed to light rain. But in the Poconos, the wintry mix persisted into the early afternoon over the higher terrain.

PAZ054-055 Carbon - Monroe 20 1800EST 2300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A deep low pressure system that tracked across the Lower Great Lakes northeastward into the Saint Lawrence Valley from the evening of the 20th into the daytime of the 21st caused a wintry mix of precipitation to fall at the onset of the event over the higher terrain of the Poconos. Precipitation started as a wintry mix over the higher terrain of the Poconos around 6 p.m. EST on the 20th. As the intensity increased, the wintry mix changed to all snow during the middle of the evening. When enough warm air moved into the area, the snow changed to rain late that evening and continued into the morning of the 21st. Snowfall accumulations were generally less than two inches and ice accumulations were less than five hundredths of an inch. But, untreated roadways were treacherous, especially at the onset.

PAZ070-071 Delaware - Philadelphia 21 0300EST 0700EST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

Chester County 1 W Vincent 21 0430EST 1 E Kaolin 1530EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The Valley Creek at Valley Forge was above its 7 foot flood stage from 430 a.m. EST through 845 a.m. EST on the 21st. It crested at 7.49 feet at 645 a.m. EST. The main stem of the Brandywine Creek at Chadds Ford was above its 9 foot flood stage from 1157 a.m. EST through 330 p.m. EST on the 21st. It crested at 9.12 feet at 240 p.m. EST. Event precipitation totals included 2.34 inches in West Chester, 2.23 inches in Malvern, 2.21 inches in Devon-Berwyn, 2.20 inches in West Grove and 2.02 inches in Exton.

Delaware County Marcus Hook 21 0431EST 1 NNW Booth Corner 1530EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

174 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

PENNSYLVANIA, East

The heavy rain and flooding forced the termination of the SEPTA Sharon Hill Trolley Service at McDade Boulevard. in Darby. The Crum Creek at Newtown Square was above its 6 foot flood stage from 431 a.m. EST through 942 a.m. EST on the 21st. It crested at 7.41 feet at 715 a.m. The Chester Creek near Chester was above its 8 foot flood stage from 608 a.m. EST through 815 a.m. EST on the 21st. It crested at 8.4 feet at 7 a.m. EST. The Brandywine Creek at Chadds Ford was above its 9 foot flood stage from 1157 a.m. EST through 330 p.m. EST on the 21st. It crested at 9.12 feet at 240 p.m. EST. Event precipitation totals included 2.31 inches in Media.

PAZ070 Delaware 21 0500EST 0900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Coastal Flood

PAZ069 Bucks 21 0500EST 0800EST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

Montgomery County Marble Hall 21 0530EST 1 W Ardsley 1630EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The Wissahickon Creek at Fort Washington had moderate flooding and was above its 9 foot flood stage from 533 a.m. EST through 1220 p.m. EST on the 21st. It crested at 11.29 feet at 1045 a.m. EST. The East Branch of the Perkiomen Creek at Schwenksville had moderate flooding and was above its 7 foot flood stage from 632 a.m. EST through 416 p.m. EST on the 21st. It crested at 9.72 feet at Noon EST. The Main Stem of the Perkiomen Creek at East Greenville was above its 4 foot flood stage from 709 a.m. EST through 1151 a.m. EST on the 21st. It crested at 4.45 feet at 10 a.m. EST. Event precipitation totals included 2.86 inches in Conshohocken, 2.66 inches in North Wales, 2.64 inches in Norristown, 2.52 inches in Blue Bell, 2.49 inches in Ambler, 2.30 inches in West Norriton and 2.04 inches in Perkiomenville.

Bucks County 1 WSW Cornwells Hgts 21 0541EST Tullytown 22 1855EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The East Branch of the Perkiomen Creek at Dublin was above its 5 foot flood stage from 541 a.m. EST through 849 a.m. EST on the 21st. It crested at 5.75 feet at 745 a.m. EST. The Neshaminy Creek at Langhorne had moderate flooding and was above its 9 foot flood stage from 945 a.m. EST through 655 p.m. EST on the 21st. It crested at 10.08 feet at 315 p.m. EST. Event precipitation totals included 2.33 inches in Doylestown, 2.09 inches in Springtown, 1.98 inches in Sellersville and 1.32 inches in Penndel.

PAZ071 Philadelphia 21 0600EST 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Coastal Flood

Northampton County 1 NNE Keplers Mill 21 0600EST 1 SSE Easton Arpt 1200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

Heavy rain caused the flooding of the Bushkill Creek along the Forks and Palmer Township border on the morning of the 21st. Bushkill Drive was flooded and closed. A vehicle became trapped in the flood waters near the intersection of Zucksville Road and Bushkill Drive. The woman was able to get out of the car and walk away. The northbound side of Bushkill Drive was reopened at 830 a.m. EST, the southbound side later that day. Event precipitation totals included 2.08 inches in Bethlehem, 2.06 inches in Hellertown, 2.00 inches in Glendon and 1.93 inches in Nazareth.

Philadelphia County Roxborough 21 0630EST 3 WNW Overbrook 1645EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

175 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

PENNSYLVANIA, East

The Wissahickon Creek at its mouth was above its 5 foot flood stage from 637 a.m. EST through 452 p.m. EST on the 21st. It crested at 6.39 feet at 2 p.m. EST on the 21st. The Pennypack Creek at the Rhawn Street Bridge was above its 7 foot flood stage from 652 a.m. EST through 118 p.m. EST on the 21st. It crested at 7.77 feet at 11 a.m. EST. Event precipitation totals included 1.84 inches at Franklin Institute in Center City, 1.60 inches in Rockledge, 1.58 inches at the Philadelphia International Airport and 1.45 inches at the Northeast Philadelphia Airport.

PAZ069 Bucks 21 0700EST 1100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Coastal Flood

Berks County 1 NNW Pine Forge 21 1045EST 1 N Unionville 1215EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Flood

The Manatawny Creek at Spangville was above its 6 foot flood stage from 1050 a.m. EST through 1211 p.m. EST on the 21st. It crested at 6.04 feet at 1130 a.m. EST. Event precipitation totals included 2.10 inches in Alburtis, 1.70 inches in Hamburg, 1.62 inches in Fleetwood, 1.45 inches at the Blue Marsh Dam, 1.34 inches in Wyomissing and 1.23 inches at the Reading Airport. A deep low pressure system tracked across the Lower Great Lakes northeastward into the St. Lawrence Valley from the evening of the 20th into the daytime of the 21st. Its associated strong cold front swept eastward through the Mid Atlantic region and across Pennsylvania during the early morning of the 21st. In addition, a secondary area of low pressure formed along the frontal boundary, west of Delaware Bay, and deepened rapidly. The approaching cold front and the deepening secondary low pressure produced a strong southeasterly flow the reached into the local Philadelphia area and resulted in peak wind gusts of around 50 mph in the far southeast part of the state and knocked down weak tree limbs and wires. In addition, the significant southeast flow allowed water to pile up along the New Jersey shore and into the Delaware Bay and Delaware River and produced major tidal flooding.on the morning of the 21st. Lastly this southeast flow also brought moderate to heavy rain into the state with storm totals ranging between 1 to 3 inches. The rain began during the afternoon of the 20th and fell at its heaviest between Midnight EST and 6 a.m. EST on the 21st. The rain ended between 7 a.m. EST and 9 a.m. EST on the morning of the 21st. This rain resulted in poor drainage flooding as well as minor to moderate flooding of streams and creeks in Eastern Pennsylvania. In Philadelphia, the tidal flooding forced the closure of the southbound lanes of Interstate 95 at Columbus Boulevard. Columbus Boulevard/Delaware Avenue was flooded and closed in both directions between Washington and Fairmount Avenues. In Bucks County, tidal flooding affected the Radcliffe, Cedar and Mill Street areas of Bristol Township. The high tide swamped the backyards and basements of stores in the business district along Radcliffe and Cedar Streets The Mill Street parking lot was under water as was the Landmark Wharf on Mill Street. The high tide in Philadelphia reached 10.35 feet above mean lower low water. This was the third highest tide on record. Major tidal flooding starts at 10.2 feet above mean lower low water. The high tide reached 12.13 feet above mean lower low water at Newbold Island (Bucks County). There are no established flood categories for this site. Strong winds occurred in the southeast part of the state, beginning a few hours prior to daybreak and ending soon after sunrise on the 21st. Winds decreased by mid-morning following the passage of the surface cold front. In Delaware County, downed utility lines forced the closure of U.S. Route 30 in both directions in Radnor Township and the southbound lanes of U.S. Route 1 in Chadds Ford. Peak wind gusts included 55 mph in Newbold Island (Bucks County) and 52 mph at the Philadelphia International Airport.

PAZ054-060>062- Berks - Bucks - Carbon - Chester - Delaware - Lehigh - Monroe - Montgomery - Northampton - 067>071 Philadelphia 22 0500EST 1800EST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

Strong west winds followed in the wake of the departing low pressure system during the day on the 22nd in Eastern Pennsylvania. Peak wind gusts averaged around 45 mph and knocked down additional weak trees, tree limbs and wires. Peak wind gusts included 47 mph in Kennett Square (Chester County), 46 mph in Reading (Berks County), Coatesville (Chester County), and the Philadelphia International Airport, 45 mph in Mount Pocono (Monroe County) and 43 mph in Pottstown (Montgomery County). The strong winds were caused by the pressure difference between the departing intense low pressure system as moved northeast along the Saint Lawrence River and an approaching high pressure system from the Mississippi Valley.

PAZ054-060>062- Berks - Bucks - Carbon - Chester - Lehigh - Monroe - Montgomery - Northampton 067>069 24 1700EST 25 0300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

176 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

PENNSYLVANIA, East

A quick moving low pressure system dropped one to three inches of snow from the Poconos south through the Lehigh Valley and the northern Philadelphia suburbs during the evening and overnight of the 24th and gave those areas a White Christmas. Snow started falling during the late afternoon and early evening of the 24th. As warmer air moved in aloft, the snow changed to rain quickly in the local Philadelphia area. In the Philadelphia northern suburbs, Berks County and the Lehigh Valley, the snow changed to freezing rain late in the evening on the 24th and ended as freezing rain early in the morning of the 25th. Ice accumulations on top of the snow were less than five hundredths of an inch. Precipitation fell entirely as snow in the Poconos. The greatest impact was poor driving visibilities as well as poor conditions on less traveled and untreated roadways.

Representative snowfall included 2.5 inches in Summit Hill (Carbon County) and Elverson (Chester County), 2.4 inches in Kutztown (Berks County), 2.2 inches in Saylorsburg (Monroe County), 2.0 inches in Sinking Spring (Berks County), Bethlehem (Northampton County) and East Nantmeal (Chester County), 1.8 inches in Huffs Church (Berks County), 1.6 inches at the Lehigh Valley International Airport, 1.5 inches in West Rockhill (Bucks County) and Gilbertsville (Montgomery County), 1.4 inches in Lehighton (Carbon County), 1.2 inches in Blue Bell (Montgomery County), 1.1 inches in Martins Creek (Northampton County) and 1.0 inch in Concordville (Delaware County), West Chester (Chester County) and Jenkintown (Montgomery County). The snow was caused by a low pressure system that moved northeast through the Ohio Valley on the 24th and reached Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania at 7 p.m. EST. Overnight the low moved east and then reformed off the New Jersey coast on the morning of the 25th on its way farther offshore. The jump offshore kept most temperatures in Eastern Pennsylvania below freezing as precipitation fell. 26 1200EST 27 1800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

PAZ061-068 Lehigh - Montgomery 26 1230EST 1800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

PAZ054-055 Carbon - Monroe 26 1300EST 27 1100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

PAZ062-069 Bucks - Northampton 26 1300EST 27 1800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

An intense low pressure system brought a winter storm to the Poconos and a wintry mix at the start of the precipitation event across most of the rest of Eastern Pennsylvania. A combination of snow, sleet and freezing rain occurred throughout the event in the Poconos, but precipitation changed to rain elsewhere in Eastern Pennsylvania. Snowfall averaged 1 to 3 inches, except 3 to 6 inches in the Poconos. Little if any snow fell in the local Philadelphia area. Ice accumulations averaged one tenth to one quarter of an inch, highest in the Lehigh Valley. The wintry mix of precipitation made for hazardous traveling conditions. Snow began throughout most of Eastern Pennsylvania (was mixed precipitation in Philadelphia) on the afternoon of the 26th. The snow fell at its heaviest during the mid to late afternoon. As warmer air moved in aloft, the snow changed to sleet and freezing rain in the Philadelphia northwest suburbs during the middle of the afternoon, in the Lehigh Valley and Berks County during the late afternoon and took most of the evening for this to occur in the Poconos. Meanwhile the local Philadelphia area changed to plain rain quickly. In the Philadelphia northwest suburbs and Berks County, the sleet and freezing rain changed to plain rain during the late afternoon. This change in the Lehigh Valley did not occur until the evening of the 26th. In the Poconos, a wintry mix persisted until the precipitation ended on the morning of the 27th. Representative snowfall included 6.3 inches in Tobyhanna (Monroe County), 5.5 inches in Pocono Summit (Monroe County), 4.5 inches in Lake Harmony and Albrightsville (Carbon County), 3.3 inches in Bangor (Northampton County), 2.5 inches in Palmerton (Carbon County) and East Stroudsburg (Monroe County), 2.1 inches in Martins Creek (Northampton County), 2.0 inches in Schnecksville (Lehigh County) and Upper Frederick Township (Montgomery County), 1.3 inches at the Lehigh Valley International Airport, 1.1 inches in Quakertown (Bucks County) and 1.0 inch in Honey Brook (Chester County), West Chester (Chester County) and Fleetwood (Berks County). The wintry weather was caused by a low pressure system that moved from Texas on Christmas Day northeast into the Tennessee Valley on the 26th. A secondary low pressure system formed in the Carolinas on the 26th and became the main low. This low moved northeast and passed through southern Delaware on the evening of the 26th and across southeast New Jersey overnight on the 26th. The low pressure system reached the eastern tip of Long Island, New York late in the morning on the 27th. That storm track made it difficult for warm air at the surface to reach into the Poconos and slowed its progression inland elsewhere.

177 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

PENNSYLVANIA, East PAZ067 Chester 26 2000EST 2300EST 0 0 3.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

PAZ070 Delaware 26 2100EST 2300EST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K High Wind

PAZ069-071 Bucks - Philadelphia 26 2200EST 27 0100EST 0 0 2.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

An intense low pressure system brought strong to high northeast winds into southeast Pennsylvania during the evening of the 26th into the early morning of the 27th. These winds brought down weak trees, tree limbs and wires and caused scattered outages. Peak wind gusts included 59 mph in Brookhaven (Delaware County), 56 mph in Kennett Square (Chester County), 53 mph in Coatesville (Chester County), 47 mph at the Northeast Philadelphia Airport and 45 mph at the Philadelphia International Airport. The strongest winds ceased once the low pressure system reached New Jersey. The strong to high winds were caused by the pressure gradient (difference) between a low pressure system that passed across the southeast part of the state and a high pressure system over nearby New England and southeast Canada. The low itself moved from Texas on Christmas Day northeast into the Tennessee Valley on the 26th. A secondary low pressure system formed in the Carolinas on the 26th and became the main low. This low moved northeast and passed through southern Delaware on the evening of the 26th and across southeast New Jersey overnight on the 26th.

PAZ054-060>062- Berks - Bucks - Carbon - Chester - Delaware - Lehigh - Monroe - Montgomery - Northampton - 067>071 Philadelphia 29 0800EST 1800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A low pressure system that moved off the North Carolina coast dropped 2 to 4 inches of snow across southeast Pennsylvania (except for parts of Philadelphia) and 3 to 6 inches across Berks County, the Lehigh Valley and the Poconos on the 29th. Precipitation started as snow everywhere between 8 a.m EST and 11 a.m. EST during the morning of the 29th. In the local Philadelphia area, the snow changed to rain around Noon EST. The snow fell at its heaviest during the first half of the afternoon. and ended during the late afternoon or early evening on the 29th. In spite of the 29th being a Saturday, the snow caused numerous, but mainly minor traffic accidents. Bucks, Chester and Montgomery Counties were hit particularly hard with accidents. In Lower Salford Township (Montgomery County), an uninjured three-year-old was trapped in his car seat after a two vehicle accident. Representative snowfall included 6.0 inches in Summit Hill (Carbon County), 5.3 inches in East Stroudsburg (Monroe County), 5.2 inches in Kutztown (Berks County), 5.0 inches in Fleetwood (Berks County), 4.8 inches in Slatington (Lehigh County), 4.6 inches in Albrightsville (Carbon County), 4.5 inches in Spring City (Chester County), 4.3 inches in Bushkill Township (Northampton County), 4.2 inches in Tobyhanna (Monroe County), 4.1 inches in West Rockhill (Bucks County), 4.0 inches in East Nantmeal (Chester County) and Wayne (Delaware County), 3.9 inches in Montgomeryville (Montgomery County), 3.8 inches in Boyertown (Berks County), 3.7 inches in Royersford (Montgomery County), 3.6 inches in King of Prussia (Montgomery County), 3.4 inches in Easton (Northampton County), 3.3 inches at the Lehigh Valley International Airport), 3.0 inches in Doylestown (Bucks County), 2.8 inches in Horsham (Montgomery County), 2.0 inches in West Chester (Chester County), Roxborough (Philadelphia County) and Brookhaven (Delaware County), 1.7 inches in Drexel Hill (Delaware County) and just a trace at the Philadelphia International Airport. The snow was caused by a low pressure system that moved from the Texas coast on the morning of the 28th, to southern North Carolina on the morning of the 29th. From there it intensified as it move northeast and passed just east of Cape Hatteras on the afternoon of the 29th and south of Cape Cod on the evening of the 29th. Warmer air was able to move in and change the snow to rain in the local Philadelphia area, but sufficient cold air remained in place for precipitation to fall as snow throughout the event in the rest of Eastern Pennsylvania.

PAZ054-070 Carbon - Delaware - Monroe 30 0900EST 1500EST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

178 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

PENNSYLVANIA, East

The same low pressure system that brought snow to Eastern Pennsylvania on the 29th intensified rapidly as it moved northeast overnight and reached Nova Scotia on the morning of the 30th. At 7 a.m. EST the surface pressure had dropped to 964 millibars. The northwest circulation between the intense low pressure system and the approaching high pressure system in the lower Tennessee Valley produced strong northwest winds mainly over the higher terrain of Eastern Pennsylvania during the middle of the day on the 30th. Snow showers also were occurring in the Poconos and caused poor visibilities. Peak wind gusts averaged around 50 mph and knocked down shallow rooted trees, weak tree limbs and wires and caused isolated power outages. Peak wind gusts included 52 mph in Mount Pocono (Monroe County), 50 mph in Newtown Square (Delaware County) and 41 mph at the Philadelphia International Airport. The combination of the end of the intensification process of the low pressure system and the movement of the high pressure system closer to the state (and the low pressure system farther away) caused the strong winds to cease the afternoon of the 30th.

PENNSYLVANIA, Northeast

PAZ038>040 Bradford - Northern Wayne - Susquehanna 26 1300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm 27 A low pressure system tracked from the Tennessee Valley on Wednesday to just off of the New Jersey coast on Thursday to the Canadian Maritimes on Friday. Northwest flow pulled cold and moist air behind the system with a widespread snow falling across northeast Pennsylvania on Wednesday and Thursday. At times, freezing rain and sleet mixed in across northeast Pennsylvania.

PAZ039 Susquehanna 29 1300EST 30 0030EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A low pressure system tracked from the midwest on Friday to the mid-Atlantic states on Saturday. Moisture and cold air associated with this system spread snow into the northern tier of Pennsylvania on Saturday.

PENNSYLVANIA, Northwest

PAZ002-003 Crawford - Southern Erie 21 0400EST 22 0900EST 0 0 250.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

A low pressure system tracked northeast out of the Plains, and underwent rapid deepening as it passed north of Lake Erie on December 21st. The storm occluded, pulling a cold front east across Northwest Pennsylvania during the morning hours, with westerly winds gusting up to 40 mph during the day on the 21st. The strongest winds occurred near the Lake Erie shoreline. Precipitation transitioned to snow with the passage of the cold front, bringing periods of heavy snow to northwest Pennsylvania. The strong winds caused blowing and drifting of the fresh snowfall. The low pressure system eventually deepened to 980 mb as it reached upstate New York on the evening of December 21st. Winds shifted to the northwest off of Lake Erie with synoptic snow transitioning to lake enhanced bands which continued into the morning of December 22nd. The highest snowfall totals occurred over the higher terrain of northwest Pennsylvania with totals of 8-20 inches. Most of Crawford County received over a foot of snow with the highest report of 19.5 inches at Canadohta Lake.

PAZ001>003 Crawford - Northern Erie - Southern Erie 26 1200EST 2100EST 0 0 275.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

An area of strong low pressure moved up the Tennessee Valley and then shifted to the Mid-Atlantic Coast. Snow associated with this low spread into northwestern Pennsylvania around midday on the 26th. Periods of snow then continued into the evening hours when it quickly ended from west to east. Some of the snow was heavy, especially during the afternoon hours when visibilities were less than a quarter mile at many locations. Northeast to east winds gusting to as much as 30 mph accompanied the snow and caused considerable blowing and drifting. Snowfall totals ranged 6 to 10 inches across Erie and Crawford Counties. A peak total of 10.8 inches was reported at Meadville in Crawford County and 11.0 inches at Colt Station in Erie County. This storm forced the closure of many school districts and hampered travel across the region. Many accidents were reported.

179 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

PENNSYLVANIA, West PAZ074-076 Fayette Ridges - Westmoreland Ridges 21 1100EST 22 1500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A strong low pressure moving across the Ohio valley swept a cold front through the region late on the 20th of December. Some freezing rain was reported in the higher elevations in northern West Virginia where temperatures struggled to rise above freezing. Several accidents were reported on interstate 68 in both Garrett and Preston counties with freezing rain and snow, prompting the closure of the interstate in Garrett county on the 20th. In addition, strong winds brought down several trees in Tucker county. Cold northwest flow behind the front then allowed for a period of up-slope and lake enhanced snow to continue through the 22nd. Snow amounts of 12-14 inches were reported in the West Virginia mountains; 7-8 inches in the ridges of Westmoreland and Fayette counties in Pennsylvania; and 2-6 inches were reported over other portions of western Pennsylvania, the northern West Virginia lowlands, and eastern Ohio.

PAZ007>009-013> Armstrong - Beaver - Butler - Clarion - Forest - Indiana - Jefferson - Lawrence - Mercer - Venango 016-020-022>023 26 0700EST 2315EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

PAZ029-073-075 Fayette - Washington - Westmoreland 26 0700EST 2315EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Ice Storm

PAZ021 Allegheny 26 0700EST 2315EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A surface low moving south of the region brought mixed precipitation and heavy snow to much of eastern Ohio, western Pennsylvania, northern West Virginia, and Garrett county Maryland on the 26th of December. Precipitation mainly started out as snow, sleet, or freezing rain but as a dry slot and warm air lifted northward, changed over to rain for southern portions of the region. Up to one half inch of ice was measured in Preston county in West Virginia and in Westmoreland and Fayette counties in Pennsylvania. The heaviest snow amounts of 8-14 inches were generally confined to an area north and south of Pittsburgh. A mix of sleet, freezing rain, and snow kept amounts lower at Pittsburgh and points south.

RHODE ISLAND

RIZ005-008 Block Island - Bristol 21 1207EST 1236EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong low level jet (65-75 kt) coupled with strong pressure falls produced gusty winds, some of which reached high wind criteria. With trees already defoliated, damage was fairly minimal.

RIZ004>006 Bristol - Eastern Kent - Washington 27 0230EST 0335EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Low pressure moving up the coast produced a period of strong winds during the early morning hours.

RIZ001>004-006> Eastern Kent - Newport - Northwest Providence - Southeast Providence - Washington - Western Kent 007 29 1600EST 30 1200EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A rapidly intensifying low moved out of the mid-Atlantic, passing southeast of Southern New England. This spread heavy snow across much of Southern New England, resulting in six to twelve inches of snow across the area.

180 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

SOUTH CAROLINA, Central Sumter County 2 N (SSC)Shaw Afb Sumter 26 0934EST 0940EST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (60EG)

Sumter County DOT reported several trees down in and around the Sumter area from thunderstorms. Trees were down on secondary roads 4-58, 19-20, and 11-30. Isolated severe storms imbedded in a squall line took down several trees in the Sumter area. No other damage was noted. Note: The estimated wind gust of 60 knots is equivalent to 69 mph.

SOUTH CAROLINA, South Coastal

SCZ050 Charleston 13 0800EST 0825EST 0 0 Coastal Flood

Above normal astronomical tide levels combined with strong northerly winds and higher seas resulted in a few road closures in downtown Charleston during the morning high tide cycle.

15 0915EST 0945EST 0 0 Coastal Flood

Above normal astronomical tide levels combined with northeast winds and higher seas resulted in a few road closures in downtown Charleston during the morning high tide cycle.

Jasper County 2 SW Ridgeland 17 1545EST 1548EST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was blown down along Tillman Road near the Wagon Branch Loop. Large tree limbs were also blown down near the intersection of West Main Street and Rail Road Avenue. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Jasper County 1 SW Hardeeville 17 1551EST 1552EST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A tree was blown down onto Interstate 95 near mile marker 4.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Jasper County 3 SW Levy 17 1556EST 1557EST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

South Carolina Highway Patrol reported a tree down near the intersection of Highway 170 and Highway 17.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Beaufort County 1 S Pritchardville 17 1601EST 1602EST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

The Department of Highways reported a tree down near the intersection of Highway 315 and Levy.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Beaufort County 2 E Pritchardville 17 1605EST 1606EST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A trained spotter reported a tree down on Palmetto Bluff Road.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

181 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

SOUTH CAROLINA, South Coastal Beaufort County 3 SSE Laurel Bay 17 1605EST 1606EST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55EG)

The Beaufort Gazette Newspaper reported a few trees down and damage to a home in Laurel Bay.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph. Beaufort County 5 SSW Baileys Lndg 17 1610EST 1611EST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A state official reported a tree down near the intersection Buckwalter Parkway and Fording Island Road.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Charleston County 1 E Pinecrest 17 1653EST 1654EST 0 0 2.25K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

The Charleston Police Department reported a tree and power lines down on Wateree Drive.

High shear characterized with 70 knots of bulk shear along with low surface based cape set up a high shear, low cape environment ahead of the trough over the southeastern United States. A distinct line of thunderstorms developed along a surface trough and became strong as the trough swept through the Southeast. Although there was a tornado watch issued for the entire forecast area, all reported damage was contributed to straight-line winds. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. SCZ045-050 Berkeley - Charleston 20 2008EST 2355EST 0 0 6.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

21 0058EST 0059EST 0 0 1.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

SCZ049 Southern Colleton 21 0400EST 0401EST 0 0 1.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

A strong cold front swept through southeast South Carolina during the evening and overnight hours. An enhanced gradient wind accompanied the front along with strong cold air advection to the region. These conditions led to gusty winds overnight as a large portion of 50 kt low level winds mixed to the surface.

SCZ043-050 Charleston - Northern Colleton 26 0836EST 1739EST 0 0 3.5K 0.00K Strong Wind

A closed low shifted over the central Appalachians with a negatively tilted trough extending into southeast South Carolina. A strong cold front associated with this feature enhanced the pressure gradient over the local area during the morning and afternoon hours. Strong cold air advection along the front produced 30 to 40 mph wind gusts as low level winds mixed down to the surface.

SOUTH DAKOTA, Central and North

SDZ003>006-008> Brown - Buffalo - Campbell - Clark - Codington - Corson - Deuel - Dewey - Edmunds - Faulk - Grant - 010-015>023-033> Hamlin - Hand - Hughes - Hyde - Jones - Lyman - McPherson - Potter - Roberts - Spink - Stanley - Sully - 037-045-048-051 Walworth 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 Drought

182 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

SOUTH DAKOTA, Central and North

Drought conditions maintained the status quo through December across central and northeastern South Dakota. Exceptional to extreme drought conditions covered much of central and north central South Dakota throughout December. There was also an area of extreme drought conditions felt across east central South Dakota including the counties of Grant, Deuel, eastern Codington, and eastern Hamlin. Severe drought conditions covered much of the rest of the region except for Day, Marshall and northern Clark County. On average, calculated soil moisture anomalies were showing deficits from 2.5 to 4 inches across northern South Dakota. Across central and into far eastern South Dakota, deficits ranged from 4 to 5 inches. Winter wheat and alfalfa continued to suffer as a result of the drought.

SDZ004>008-010- Brown - Buffalo - Campbell - Clark - Codington - Deuel - Edmunds - Grant - Hamlin - Marshall - 018>023-033-051 McPherson - Roberts - Spink - Stanley 08 0800CST 09 1700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A strong area of low pressure moving across the region brought a one-two punch of heavy snow on Saturday followed by blizzard conditions on Sunday. Snowfall amounts of 6 to 10 inches along with strong north winds brought widespread blizzard conditions and heavy drifting across the region for mainly Sunday. The heavy snow and low visibilities resulted in road closures Saturday night into Monday morning. Due to the road closures, a number of events were cancelled or postponed and many people became stranded. Some area schools started late or were closed on Monday. Snowfall amounts across the region included, 6 inches in Artas, Clark, Turton and near Mina; 7 inches near Gann Valley and near Big Stone City; 8 inches in Watertown and Elm Lake; 9 inches in Aberdeen and Clear Lake with 10 inches in Wilmot and near Bryant. See the storm data entry for the blizzard on December 9th.

SDZ005>011-016- Brown - Clark - Codington - Day - Deuel - Edmunds - Grant - Hamlin - Hughes - Lyman - Marshall - 018>023-035-048 McPherson - Potter - Roberts - Spink - Walworth 09 0200CST 1700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A winter storm with heavy snow of 6 to 10 inches evolved into a blizzard across much of the region on Sunday, December 9th. Northwest winds of 25 to 35 mph with gusts to 40 to 50 mph caused widespread blowing and drifting snow with visibilities to near zero at times. Parts of Interstates 29 and 90 were closed on the 9th and into the 10th with no travel advised on most other roads. Some schools were closed or started late across northeast South Dakota on December 10th. Snow began around noon on the 8th and ended during the late afternoon of the 9th. See the Winter Storm entry for December 8th and 9th.

SOUTH DAKOTA, Southeast

SDZ038>040-050- Aurora - Beadle - Bon Homme - Brookings - Brule - Charles Mix - Clay - Davison - Douglas - Gregory - 052>071 Hanson - Hutchinson - Jerauld - Kingsbury - Lake - Lincoln - McCook - Miner - Minnehaha - Moody - Sanborn - Turner - Union - Yankton 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K Drought

Drought conditions continued over all of southeast South Dakota in December. Although precipitation was generally normal to above normal...the amount of excess over the low winter normals was not enough to relieve the dry conditions. The effects of the drought on farmers and ranchers continued, with the poor condition of winter wheat, and the low stock of winter feed for livestock. Hunting was also affected according to conservation officers, with low pheasant numbers, and disease in the deer population. There were few remaining water restrictions given the much lower water usage compared with the summer and fall, but the low soil moisture levels presented a bleak outlook for the next spring and summer without a very significant increase in precipitation over the winter. Drought was generally listed as continued severe to extreme for the area.

07 0700CST 1500CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

SDZ039-040 Brookings - Kingsbury 07 0800CST 1700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Snow, accompanied by generally light winds, accumulated 3 to 5 inches during the daytime hours on December 7th.

183 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

SOUTH DAKOTA, Southeast SDZ038-052>053- Aurora - Beadle - Brule - Jerauld - Kingsbury - Sanborn 057>058 08 1400CST 09 0900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

09 0600CST 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

SDZ039-050-052> Aurora - Brookings - Brule - Charles Mix - Davison - Douglas - Gregory - Hanson - Hutchinson - Jerauld - 061-063>065 Kingsbury - Lake - McCook - Miner - Moody - Sanborn 09 0600CST 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

Snowfall of 2 to 6 inches on December 8th over part of southeast South Dakota was followed by strong northwest winds gusting as high as 54 mph over more of the area on December 9th. The combination of winds, and loose snow cover from the previous day and earlier days, produced blizzard conditions on December 9th, reducing visibilities to near zero over large areas. Travel was curtailed or stopped, and business were closed for part of this weekend storm.

SDZ057>062 Aurora - Brule - Davison - Hanson - McCook - Minnehaha 18 0100CST 1300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A narrow band of snow produced accumulations of 2 to 6 inches along and near Interstate 90 in southeast South Dakota during the morning of December 18th. Winds during the snowfall were light.

SDZ040-050-052> Aurora - Bon Homme - Brookings - Brule - Charles Mix - Clay - Davison - Douglas - Gregory - Hanson - 071 Hutchinson - Jerauld - Lake - Lincoln - McCook - Miner - Minnehaha - Moody - Sanborn - Turner - Union - Yankton 27 0600CST 28 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Occasional snow over southeast South Dakota produced widespread accumulations from the morning of December 27th to the afternoon of December 28th. The accumulations ranged from 3 to 7 inches over the area south of Interstate 90, and in a few areas north of Interstate 90. The snow was accompanied by generally light winds.

SOUTH DAKOTA, West

SDZ001-012-025 Butte - Harding - Northern Foot Hills - Perkins 02 1100MST 0200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Strong southwesterly winds developed during the late morning and continued through the afternoon. Wind gusts near 70 mph were recorded in the Spearfish and Belle Fourche area. A steel shed was blown onto a road in Belle Fourche.

SDZ031 Pennington Co Plains 03 0100MST 0300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Gusty northwesterly winds developed briefly across portions of western South Dakota behind the passage of a cold front. The strongest winds were recorded across far northwestern South Dakota and the Rapid City area, where wind gusts reached 60 mph.

SDZ012-025 Butte - Northern Foot Hills 06 2200MST 07 0800MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

SDZ013-073 Northern Meade County Plains - Southern Meade Co Plains 06 2300MST 07 1000MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

184 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

SOUTH DAKOTA, West

An upper level disturbance moved across western South Dakota during the night and early morning, bringing snow to much of the area. A band of heavy snow developed across northern Lawrence, southern Butte, and central Meade Counties and remained nearly stationary for several hours. Snowfall amounts of four to six inches were reported in these areas, with as much as ten inches measured in southern Meade County.

SDZ027-029-041- Fall River - Shannon - Southern Black Hills - Southern Foot Hills 042 24 1600MST 25 0300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A storm system moving across the Northern Rockies and into the Central Plains on Christmas Eve brought snow to western South Dakota. The heaviest snow fell across southwestern South Dakota, where four to six inches of snow was measured.

TENNESSEE, Central Perry County 8 ENE Sugar Hill 09 2345CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (48EG)

One tree was blown down onto Highway 412 about 9 miles east-southeast of Linden.

Scattered showers and thunderstorms developed throughout Middle Tennessee during the evening hours on December 9 and continued into the morning hours on December 10. One report of wind damage was received from Perry County. Note: The estimated wind gust of 48 knots is equivalent to 55 mph. Benton County 1 WNW Mc Illwain 17 1302CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Penny size hail was reported 13 miles south of Camden. Lawrence County 3 WNW New Haven 17 1530CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Nickel size hail was reported on the Wayne County/Lawrence County border about 11 miles east of Waynesboro.

Marshall County Chapel Hill 17 1535CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Nickel size hail was reported via tSpotter in Chapel Hill. A cold front moving across Middle Tennessee produced scattered showers and thunderstorms throughout the area. Several reports of large hail were received.

TNZ032 Putnam 20 1520CST 0 0 1.0K 0.00K Strong Wind Strong gradient winds measured up to 48 mph in Lawrenceburg affected the Mid State during the afternoon hours on December 20. One tree was reported uprooted in Cookeville.

TNZ063 Cannon 25 2250CST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Strong Wind An intense area of low pressure moving across the region produced strong winds across southeastern portions of Middle Tennessee during the late evening hours on December 25. Wind damage to trees was reported in Cannon County.

TNZ027-031-034- Cumberland - Davidson - Fentress - Grundy - Jackson - Rutherford - Warren - Williamson 059-062-066-078- 079 29 1200CST 30 0000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Light snow showers fell across much of Middle Tennessee on December 29 as a fast moving upper level disturbance moved across the region. Light snow accumulations were reported generally along and east of the I-65 corridor, with significant impacts on roadways including road closures and numerous vehicle accidents.

185 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TENNESSEE, East TNZ040>047-072- Blount/Smoky Mountains - Cocke/Smoky Mountains - McMinn - Northwest Carter - Northwest Cocke - 074-085-087 Northwest Greene - Sevier/Smoky Mountains - Southeast Carter - Southeast Greene - Southeast Monroe - Unicoi - Washington 20 1000EST 2100EST 0 1 308.0K 0.00K High Wind

A cold front tracked across the region triggering high non-thunderstorms wind over the area on the 20th. The strongest wind occurred across the higher elevations where most of the wind damage reports were reported. Wind gusts as high as 100 mph were reported. Numerous trees and powerlines were downed by the high wind. Several homes and buildings were also damaged by the wind. One person was injured in Camp Creek in Greene County when the tractor trailer he was driving on Camp Creek Road flipped on its side by the wind.

TNZ041-044-047- Cocke/Smoky Mountains - East Polk - Northwest Monroe - Sevier/Smoky Mountains - Southeast Carter - 074-086>087-101> Southeast Monroe - Unicoi - Washington - West Polk 102 26 0200EST 1400EST 0 0 48.0K 0.00K High Wind

A deep area of low pressure tracked through the region producing high non-thunderstorm wind over the area. The highest wind was reported over the mountains and the foothills. Wind gusts as high as 73 mph were reported. Numerous trees and powerlines were downed by the high wind. One pavilion under construction was also damaged by the wind.

TENNESSEE, West

TNZ003-004 Henry - Weakley 01 0000CST 11 0600CST 0 0 0.00K Drought

Beneficial rain continued during the month of December which continued to improve drought conditions across West Tennessee. By the middle of the month, severe (D2) drought conditions that were occurring across only Weakley and Henry Counties improved to moderate (D1) conditions. Pastures continued to green up due to the rain. Lake and river levels also continued to improve. Gibson County Dyer 09 0335CST 0340CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (1.00)

A stationary front was draped across Northwest Tennessee. An approaching upper level disturbance triggered numerous thunderstorms across Northwest Tennessee during the early morning hours of December 9, 2012. An isolated storm produced large hail. Chester County 1 W Henderson 17 1915CST 1920CST 0 0 0.00K Hail (0.88)

A mid level trough moved across the Mid-South during the afternoon of December 17, 2012. Scattered showers and thunderstorms developed across West Tennessee and produced isolated nickel size hail.

Shelby County 1 ENE Memphis 20 0410CST 0415CST 0 0 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Damaging straight line winds damaged an awning at a gas station in Midtown Memphis.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Shelby County 1 SE Forest Hill 20 0430CST 0435CST 0 0 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Damaging winds knocked down several trees and a power pole near Forest Hill Irene Road.

A line of thunderstorms developed along a pre-frontal trough in advance of an approaching cold front during the early morning hours of December 20, 2012. Isolated damaging winds occurred across the Memphis Metropolitan area. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

186 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TENNESSEE, West TNZ001-019 Dyer - Lake - Obion 25 2200CST 26 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

TNZ003-020-048- Crockett - Gibson - Lauderdale - Shelby - Tipton - Weakley 051-088 25 2200CST 26 1000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A powerful upper level low pressure system tracked across the Mid-South into the Ohio Valley the night of December 25th, 2012 into the morning of December 26th, 2012. The system brought snow and gusty winds to much of West Tennessee. Snow accumulations ranged from one to four inches across extreme West Tennessee, mainly northwest of a Bartlett to Martin, Tennessee line. The gusty winds knocked down trees and power lines. Roads were hazardous and a few accidents occurred as a result.

TEXAS, Central

TXZ049-054-077- Brown - Callahan - Coleman - Fisher - Haskell - Jones - Kimble - Mason - McCulloch - Nolan - San Saba - 098>099-113>114- Schleicher - Shackelford - Sutton - Taylor - Throckmorton 127>128-139>140- 01 0000CST 154>155-169>170 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

The drought continues to intensify mainly north of Interstate 20, while the drought continues to expand over portions of the Northern Edwards Plateau and the adjacent Northwest Hill Country.

Brown County 1 E May 25 0458CST 0510CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Nickel sized hail with a few quarter sized hailstones were reported by a trained storm spotter.

Brown County 1 S Bangs 25 0545CST 0550CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Brown County 1 W Winchell 25 0551CST 0556CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Damaging thunderstorm winds blew down tree limbs that were twelve inches in diameter and about six feet long.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Brown County Indian Creek 25 0557CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A large hearty twenty to thirty foot Oak Tree was completely uprooted.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph.

TXZ099 Throckmorton 25 1000CST 1700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A potent upper level low pressure system and cold front resulted in isolated severe thunderstorms across Brown County and snow across the Big Country. A dusting of snow covered much of the Big Country while Throckmorton County reported about an inch.

187 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, Central Southeast Brazos County 3 E College Station 09 1830CST 0 0 Hail (0.75)

An approaching cold front created enough lift, within an unstable environment, to produce isolated strong thunderstorm cells.

Trinity County 6 WNW Glendale 25 0850CST 0 0 30.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (65EG)

Damage to roof of manufactured home and to a liquor store across the street.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 65 knots is equivalent to 75 mph. Houston County Lovelady 25 0855CST 0 0 15.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (65EG)

Strong winds moved through Lovelady damaging a bank. Note: The estimated wind gust of 65 knots is equivalent to 75 mph. Madison County 2 W Madisonville 25 0900CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

There were multiple reports of trees down. Roofs were lost on some metal and wood buildings off of Highway 21.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Houston County 1 WSW Fodice 25 0905CST 6 ESE Arbor 0915CST 9.72 300 0 0 700.00K Tornado (EF3)

The worst of the tornado damage, rated EF3, was along Highway 287, or one mile north of the town of Pennington. An agricultural feed store and restaurant were completely destroyed with the debris scattered off toward the east in a field. There was severe damage to several homes and trailers along the path of the tornado that was indicative of either EF1 or EF2 scale damage.

TXZ213 Harris 25 0930CST 1 0 Strong Wind Houston County 15 ENE Lovelady 25 0940CST 0941CST 0.3 30 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

The brief EF-0 was observed by law enforcement near the scene of the earlier EF-3 tornado along Highway 287. Some debris was lofted but there was little to no structural damage. Montgomery County 1 N Splendora 25 1035CST 0 0 20.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

A tree downed onto a residential home caused roof and window damage.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Liberty County 8 SE Cleveland 25 1047CST 0 0 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Storm winds downed a large pine tree. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Harris County 2 NE Kingwood 25 1120CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

There were tree limbs and power lines downed in the Kings Mill subdivision.

On Christmas Day strong to severe thunderstorms developed along a warm front that was lifting north through the area. One of those storms produced an EF-3 tornado near Pennington, TX. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph.

188 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, Extreme West TXZ418-421-424 Rio Grande Valley Of Eastern Hudspeth County - Salt Basin - Southern Hudspeth Highlands - Western El Paso County 01 0000MST 31 2359MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Another fairly dry month kept much of Far West Texas in Severe(D2) drought in December.

TXZ419 Eastern/central El Paso County 19 1200MST 1445MST 0 0 1.0K 0.00K Avalanche

A strong upper level trough with a 130+ knot jet streak moved out of the desert southwest through New Mexico and pushed a cold front across the region. A peak gust of 90 mph was reported at San Augustin Pass.

TEXAS, Mid-South

TXZ231>233-239> Bee - Duval - Goliad - Jim Wells - Kleberg - Live Oak - Nueces - Refugio - San Patricio - Webb 244-246 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

The temperatures remained well above normal for the month of December across South Texas with very dry conditions continuing for the majority of the region. Isolated areas in the Mid Coast region received slightly above normal rainfall. However, the rest of South Texas received below to well below normal rainfall during the month. Rainfall amounts were 1 to 2 inches below normal over the Coastal Bend, eastern Brush Country, and Victoria Crossroads. Only the area from extreme eastern Refugio County into Calhoun County received 1 to 2 inches above normal. The severe drought persisted over southern portions of the Brush Country east into the Coastal Bend with exceptional drought expanding into Duval and San Patricio counties from the southern Coastal Bend. Extreme drought expanded northward into Live Oak, Bee, and Goliad Counties. The abundant rains from the previous months continued to sustain the northern portions of the Brush Country and the Victoria Crossroads region during the month of December. Mandatory water restrictions continued during the month for the city of Corpus Christi as the combined lake capacity levels fell below 40 percent. The cities of Victoria and Laredo continued under voluntary water restrictions. Different stages of water restrictions continued for Beeville, Point Comfort, Alice, and King Ranch Santa Gertrudis District. For the yearly rainfall totals across South Texas, a limited area from southern Victoria County through Calhoun County received above normal rainfall. Elsewhere, below normal to well below normal rainfall fell across the region. Some areas in the Coastal Bend received rainfall amounts of 12 to 18 inches below normal for the year. The regions of the Coastal Bend suffered through exceptional drought for most of the year. The drought caused agricultural losses of around 277 million dollars for the South Texas region for 2012. The county with the worst loss was Nueces County with agricultural losses around 80 million dollars. Victoria and Calhoun Counties did not suffer any agricultural losses for 2012.

Calhoun County 1 SW Port Lavaca 04 1345CST 1437CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Rain

Observer reported 2 inches of rainfall occurred in 50 minutes.

Refugio County 2 ENE Austwell 04 1558CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

CoCoRaHS observer reported dime sized hail occurred in Austwell.

Aransas County 5 ENE Cardwell 04 1715CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Observer reported nickel sized hail occurred at the headquarters of the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge.

189 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, Mid-South Aransas County 4 NNE Aransas Refuge Hqtrs 04 1736CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (58MG) TCOON site on Aransas National Wildlife Refuge recorded a 67 mph wind gust.

Note: The measured wind gust of 58 knots is equivalent to 67 mph. Calhoun County 21 SSW Seadrift 04 1801CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (53MG)

RAWS site on Matagorda Island recorded a 61 mph wind gust. Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms occurred over the Mid-Coast region in the afternoon as an unstable air mass developed ahead of cold front. An intense supercell thunderstorm moved from northern Aransas County to Matagorda Island in Calhoun County, producing wind gusts of 60 to 70 mph and hail up to the size of nickels. Note: The measured wind gust of 53 knots is equivalent to 61 mph. TXZ231 Live Oak 25 1400CST 1545CST 0 0 250.0K 0.00K Wildfire

A wildfire occurred near County Road 357 and the Hideaway Hills subdivision near Lake Corpus Christi. The wildfire burned 200 acres, destroying 2 homes and 1 vehicle. The wildfire forced the evacuation of 90 residents. The wildfire occurred on a day with extreme fire danger conditions due to northwest winds gusting to between 40 and 50 mph and relative humidity values near 10 percent.

TEXAS, North

TXZ091>095-100> Bell - Bosque - Collin - Comanche - Cooke - Coryell - Dallas - Delta - Denton - Eastland - Ellis - Erath - 107-115>121-123- Falls - Fannin - Freestone - Grayson - Hamilton - Hill - Hood - Hopkins - Hunt - Jack - Johnson - 129>134-141>147- Kaufman - Lamar - Lampasas - Limestone - McLennan - Milam - Mills - Montague - Navarro - Palo Pinto 156>161-174 - Parker - Rains - Rockwall - Somervell - Stephens - Tarrant - Wise - Young

01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 98.0K Drought

Severe to extreme drought conditions expanded across North Texas as rainfall remained below normal for the month of December. A few of the counties southwest of the Dallas-Fort Worth metro area had deteriorated to D4/Exceptional drought severity by the middle of the month. The least impacted locations were east and southeast of the Dallas-Fort Worth area where precipitation totals, though still below normal, generally exceeded those of their western neighbors.

TXZ145-158>160 Bell - Falls - Hill - McLennan 06 0500CST 0800CST 0 0 14.0K 0.00K Dense Fog

Dense fog occurred across the region on December 6th. The moisture associated with the fog caused the tops of at least 60 utility poles in Bell, Falls, Hill, and McLennan counties to catch fire. The phenomenon is called tracking and occurs when dust that has accumulated on the insulators of utility poles reacts with the moisture in the fog. According to experts, the moisture acted as a conductor causing the poles to catch fire.

Henderson County 4 SSE Athens Jones Arpt 09 1455CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.25)

Half dollar sized hail was reported on FM 4612 south of Athens.

A storm near Athens in Henderson County produced hail up to 1.25 in diameter.

TXZ162-175 Leon - Robertson 18 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 5.0K Drought

The southeastern counties of North Texas were spared the worst of the drought, but still fell into D2/Severe drought conditions during the second half of the month.

190 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, North Denton County 2 ESE Little Elm 19 2030CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Dime to nickel sized hail was reported at Hidden Cove Park at Lake Lewisville.

Dallas County 2 SW Alpha 19 2057CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.75)

Penny sized hail was reported at Forest Lane and Welch Road in Dallas.

Dallas County (DAL)Love Fld Dallas 19 2059CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (57MG)

Dallas Love Field (KDAL) measured a 66 MPH wind gust. Note: The measured wind gust of 57 knots is equivalent to 66 mph. Dallas County 1 S Mountain Creek Lake 19 2100CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A trained spotter estimated 60-65 MPH winds on Mountain Creek Parkway.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Dallas County 2 SE Richardson 19 2110CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A trained spotter estimated 60 MPH winds near the Garland/Richardson border.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Collin County Copeville 19 2130CST 0 0 150.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (65EG)

Strong thunderstorm winds rolled a mobile home onto its top in the community of Copeville. No one was home at the time of the incident. Other substantial wind damage was reported in Copeville including the exterior metal roof of another mobile home was also peeled off. Outbuildings, sheds, playground equipment, trees, and fences were also damaged in the community.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 65 knots is equivalent to 75 mph.

TXZ102 Wise 19 2145CST 0 0 20.0K 0.00K Strong Wind Hunt County 1 NNE Greenville 19 2150CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (39EG)

The 30-foot Christmas tree outside the police station in Greenville was knocked over by strong thunderstorm winds. The tree was not replaced. At least one other tree was knocked down in Greenville. The nearest automated weather station at Major Field Municipal Airport (KGVT) reported 43 mph winds with the storms.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 39 knots is equivalent to 45 mph. Kaufman County Kaufman 19 2150CST 0 0 8.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (59EG)

A trained spotter estimated 65 to 70 mph winds between 950 pm and 10 pm in Kaufman.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 59 knots is equivalent to 68 mph. Kaufman County Kaufman 19 2156CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Dime to quarter sized hail was reported in Kaufman.

191 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, North Navarro County 2 S Rice 19 2205CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A trained spotter estimated 60 mph winds approximately 2 miles south of Rice on NW 0150/Ranch Road.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Van Zandt County Edgewood 19 2217CST 0 0 30.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

Very strong thunderstorm winds damaged 3 homes, 2 barns, a gas station, and a tire store in Edgewood. At the tire store, part of the roof facade was torn of and hanging in front of the building. In addition, many tree limbs and trees were knocked down. Several carports were also damaged. Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph. Navarro County 1 WNW Powell 19 2222CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees and large tree limbs were knocked down by thunderstorm winds on FM 1129, north of Highway 31 near Roane.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Hopkins County Sulphur Spgs Muni Ar 19 2223CST 0 0 5.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (54MG)

Sulphur Springs Municipal Airport (KSLR) measured a 62 MPH thunderstorm wind gust.

Note: The measured wind gust of 54 knots is equivalent to 62 mph. Henderson County 4 N Athens 19 2300CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

TXDOT reported trees were knocked down, blocking Highway 19 north of Athens.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Anderson County 1 NE Neches 19 2347CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Thunderstorm winds knocked down trees off FM 19 near Neches.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Anderson County 5 NW Elkhart 19 2352CST 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Trees were knocked down off FM 322 to CR 157; northwest to northeast of Elkhart.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

TXZ104-135 Collin - Henderson 20 0000CST 0301CST 0 0 13.5K 0.00K Strong Wind

TXZ158-159 Bell - McLennan 20 1100CST 2100CST 0 1 88.0K 0.00K Wildfire

A line of thunderstorms developed ahead of a cold front that was moving across the region. These thunderstorms produced mostly wind damage across the eastern half of the CWA. The most significant damage was reported in Collin County where a mobile home was rolled onto its top. In addition to the thunderstorm winds, very strong winds behind the front continued into the following day. Sustained winds of 20 to 30 mph were common with wind gusts over 50 mph in some locations. These winds caused many power outages across the region and some additional minor damage. Also, the strong winds fueled 2 grass fires which caused some property damage in Bell and McLennan Counties.

192 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, North TXZ117 Parker 22 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 50.0K Wildfire On December 22, extremely dry conditions in combination with gusty winds fueled a fire in the town of Reno, destroying more than $50,000 worth of hay. Tarrant County 2 W Sublett 25 0210CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

An off-duty NWS employee reported nickel sized hail 2 miles south of I-20 and Park Springs Road in Arlington.

Anderson County Palestine 25 0825CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

Nickel sized hail was reported in Palestine. Anderson County 5 SE Slocum 25 0830CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Quarter sized hail was reported near Mound City.

TXZ102 Wise 25 1145CST 1630CST 0 0 150.0K 0.00K Winter Weather

TXZ103-104 Collin - Denton 25 1245CST 1800CST 0 0 1.05M 0.00K Heavy Snow

A strong upper level system and cold front first brought hail-producing thunderstorms to the region, then a winter weather event that included snow and sleet. The storms produced lots of pea sized hail and occasionally slightly larger hail. The snow fell generally north of a line from Breckenridge to Palestine. The greatest concentration of heavy snow was in western Denton County and Collin County where 4-6 of snow fell. There were also isolated locations that received 4-6 of snow in Parker, Grayson, Fannin, Hunt, and Emory counties. The overall impacts from the sleet and snow were minimal but there were the usual impacts to transportation in the region when the snow froze on area roads that night; especially on elevated roadways, bridges, and overpasses.

TXZ119 Dallas 26 0800CST 2 0 0.00K 0.00K Cold/Wind Chill Two homeless people in the city of Dallas died from hypothermia as temperatures plunged into the lower 20s and wind chills fell into the teens. A 50-year old woman and a 60-year old man were found in different locations of the city, but both were found outside. M60OU, F50OU

TEXAS, North Panhandle

TXZ001>020 Armstrong - Carson - Collingsworth - Dallam - Deaf Smith - Donley - Gray - Hansford - Hartley - Hemphill - Hutchinson - Lipscomb - Moore - Ochiltree - Oldham - Potter - Randall - Roberts - Sherman - Wheeler 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 415.0M Drought

The month of December provided a few opportunities for improvement in drought conditions across the Texas Panhandle, but fell short of showing significant improvement. Exceptional (D4) drought affects the majority of the north Texas Panhandle including Carson County. Extreme (D3) drought affects most of the southern Texas Panhandle minus the southeastern corner of the Texas Panhandle. Severe (D2) drought affects parts of the southeastern corner of the Texas Panhandle.

Multiple snow events and one severe event provided the Texas Panhandle with some much needed moisture. Amarillo recorded 0.54 inches of precipitation for December (0.17 inches below normal), Dalhart recorded 0.31 inches (0.23 inches below normal), and Borger recorded 0.50 inches of precipitation (0.27 inches below normal). Overall this month ranked as the 31th warmest and 51st wettest December on record for the Texas High Plains region. As December came to an end so did the warmest 1 year, 2 year, and 3 year period on record for the Texas High Plains.

193 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, North Panhandle

Limited dormant fuels remain in prime condition for the spread of fires across the Panhandle. But given the recent wetting rains a very marginal improvement was noted in the Keetch-Byram Drought Index for the north-central Texas Panhandle while the rest of the area stayed relatively steady state. The southern and north-central Texas Panhandle falls within the 400 to 600 range, while the northwestern and northeastern Texas Panhandle falls within the 600 to 800 range. These prime conditions for the spread of wildfires have led to countywide burn bans for all of the Texas Panhandle except for Hansford County (Texas only). The recent rains did little to help the growth of dryland winter wheat as crops had already failed or failed to emerge in some counties. Irrigated fields showed average growth but have required significant supplemental watering. Rangeland and pastures across the Texas panhandle have remained in very poor condition and cattle have continued to require supplemental feed as observed by the Texas Crop and Weather Report. The Palmer Drought Severity Index showed slight improvement for the Texas High Plains as the rating was increased to severe drought from extreme drought.

Reservoirs and stream flows across the Panhandles have remained well below normal levels. The reservoirs of Palo Duro and Greenbelt Lake are both below 12 percent capacity with Lake Meredith below 1 percent capacity. Water watches for several public water systems persisted through December while voluntary to mandatory water restrictions have been enacted.

Economic losses due to the drought through December were estimated near $15 million (D3)/$25 million (D4) a county, and were predominately the result for poor growth of winter wheat, heavy supplemental watering, and supplemental feed for cattle in pastures and rangeland.

TXZ011-016>017 Deaf Smith - Oldham - Potter - Randall 09 1900CST 2300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A strong upper level system stretching from Minnesota southwest to New Mexico and Arizona moved across the Texas Panhandle during the evening and overnight hours on December 9th. The rear entrance region of a 90-110 knot (104-127 mph) polar jet coupled with a 500mb longwave trough to produce light snow showers across the western and southern Texas Panhandle. Snow began across eastern New Mexico approximately 5 PM CDT then spread eastward to enter the western Texas Panhandle at approximately 7:30 PM. Snow showers continued to move southeast stretching into the south central and eventually southeastern Texas Panhandle before exiting the area just before midnight. While snow occurred across the western and southeastern Texas Panhandle, snow accumulations were isolated to the southwestern and south central Texas Panhandle. The highest snow accumulation for this system was 1 inch reported by a trained storm spotter a few miles south of Wildorado (Deaf Smith County). Another trained storm spotter reported 8 tenths of an inch of snow in Adrian (Oldham County), and the State Trooper Station in Vega (Oldham County), approximately 14 miles to the east of Adrian, reported 3 tenths of an inch. The National Weather Service Office in Amarillo (Potter County) recorded 2 tenths of an inch of snow with this system and reports from around town reflected this same amount. Several traffic accidents were reported in Amarillo due to vehicles encountering icy patches on roadways and sliding off the road. No injuries or fatalities were reported in association to this system.

Deaf Smith County 9 ENE Simms 14 1520CST 1521CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

A line of thunderstorms moved into Oldham County and produced multiple thunderstorm wind gusts across the county. Center pivots used in irrigation were blown over 12 miles to the south-shoutwest of Vega. These winds were estimated to be between 60 mph and 70 mph by radar. At the same location pea size hail was also observed.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Oldham County 17 NNE Adrian 14 1529CST 1 S Boys Ranch 1530CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

A trained spotter in Boys Ranch reported 1 inch hail. Oldham County 1 NW Wildorado 14 1529CST 1530CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (51MG)

The KVII schoolnet mesonet two miles to the east-southeast of Wildorado recorded a thunderstorm winds gust of 59 mph.

Note: The measured wind gust of 51 knots is equivalent to 59 mph.

194 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, North Panhandle Deaf Smith County 1 NNW Hereford 14 1530CST 1531CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (57MG)

The KVII schoolnet mesonet site in Hereford recorded a thunderstorm wind gust of 66 mph.

Note: The measured wind gust of 57 knots is equivalent to 66 mph. Deaf Smith County 2 WNW Hereford 14 1530CST 1531CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (53MG)

The West Texas Mesonet site in west-northwest of Hereford recorded a 61 mph thunderstorm wind gust.

Note: The measured wind gust of 53 knots is equivalent to 61 mph. Oldham County 11 WSW Boys Ranch 14 1532CST 1533CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (60EG)

As the line of thunderstorms moved across Oldham County from west to east it caused hazardous cross winds on north-south running roads, three tractor trailers on US Highway 385 were overturned. No injuries or fatalities were reported with these vehicle accidents. Note: The estimated wind gust of 60 knots is equivalent to 69 mph. Randall County 12 SE Buffalo Lake 14 1544CST 1545CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (59MG)

The KVII schoolnet mesonet site southeast of Buffalo Lake in Randall County recorded a 68 mph thunderstorm wind gust.

Note: The measured wind gust of 59 knots is equivalent to 68 mph. Randall County 2 ENE Canyon 14 1550CST 1552CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (60EG)

Hazardous cross winds where produced on north-south running roads as the line of thunderstorms moved across Randall County. A tractor trailer was blown over on Interstate 27 between Amarillo and Canyon. The time of the accident and wind speed were estimated using radar. No injuries were reported in this vehicle accident.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 60 knots is equivalent to 69 mph. Randall County 1 W Canyon 14 1552CST 1554CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

As the line of thunderstorm moved over the city of Canyon a member of the public reported a 60 mph thunderstorm wind gust at Canyon Junior High School. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Randall County 8 WSW Amarillo 14 1554CST 1556CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A NWS employee estimated a 60 mph thunderstorm wind gust as the line of thunderstorms moved over his residence.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Randall County 7 SW Amarillo 14 1554CST 1555CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

A NWS employee reported pea size hail and estimated a 70 mph thunderstorm wind gust as the line of thunderstorms moved over his residence. Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph.

195 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, North Panhandle Potter County 3 NW Amarillo 14 1557CST 1558CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56MG)

The KVII schoolnet mesonet site on the northwest side of Amarillo recorded a 64 mph thunderstorm wind gust.

Note: The measured wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Randall County 3 WNW Timbercreek Canyon 14 1600CST 1602CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (60EG)

The Amarillo Emergency Manager reported a radio tower being blown down onto railroad tracks. A thunderstorm wind gust of 69 mph was estimated using radar images from the time the damage occurred.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 60 knots is equivalent to 69 mph. Randall County 2 NW Lake Tanglewood 14 1600CST 1602CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (67EG)

A member of the public in Lake Tanglewood estimated a 77 mph wind gusts which also caused the corner of a metal shed to peel back. Note: The estimated wind gust of 67 knots is equivalent to 77 mph. Randall County 2 WNW Timbercreek Canyon 14 1600CST 1601CST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (60EG)

A 69 mph thunderstorm winds gusts estimated via radar caused a tractor trailer rollover accident at the intersection of McAfee Road and Washington Street in Amarillo (Randall County). The tractor trailer was traveling south along Washington Street as a line of thunderstorms moved from west to east across Amarillo. The line of thunderstorms produced a downdraft which struck the tractor trailer perpendicular to its path of travel causing the driver to lose control of the vehicle. The driver of the semi- tractor trailer died as a result of the rollover. M?VE

Note: The estimated wind gust of 60 knots is equivalent to 69 mph.

The scene of a rollover accident at the intersection of McAfee Road and Washington Street. Image provided by the Amarillo Globe News. Randall County 6 SW Amarillo 14 1601CST 1602CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (53EG)

A member of the public on the southwest Amarillo estimated a thunderstorm wind gust of 61 mph as the line of thunderstorms moved over his location. Note: The estimated wind gust of 53 knots is equivalent to 61 mph.

196 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, North Panhandle Randall County 3 NNW Palo Duro Canyon St P 14 1602CST 1603CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52MG)

The West Texas Mesonet site in Palo Duro Canyon recorded a thunderstorm wind gust of 60 mph.

Note: The measured wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Randall County Canyon 14 1610CST 1614CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55EG)

As the thunderstorms moved through Canyon, downdrafts produced by the storms blew power lines onto the intersection of 15th Street and the railroad tracks. Note: The estimated wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph. Carson County 9 S Pantex 14 1617CST 8 W Conway 1622CST 3 200 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Tornado (EF0)

The tornado touched down three miles northeast of Washburn in Carson County at 4:17 PM CST. The tornado was on the ground for three miles with a maximum width of 200 yards. The tornado dissipated at 4:22 PM CST six miles northeast of Washburn. This tornado was rated an EF-0 with winds of 65 mph. No damage was reported with this tornado but photographic evidence was provided by BJ Shipp, a local storm spotter.

Armstrong County 1 SE Claude 14 1626CST 1628CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A 60 mph thunderstorm wind gust was estimated by law enforcement officers in Claude.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Donley County 3 N Lelia Lake 14 1653CST 1654CST 0.95 50 0 0 0.00K 20.00K Tornado (EF0)

This tornado touched down five miles south-southeast of Clarendon in Donley County at 4:53 PM CST. The tornado was on the ground for less than one mile with a maximum width of 50 yards. The tornado dissipated at 4:54 PM CST, five miles southeast of Clarendon. This tornado has been rated an EF-0 with winds of 80 mph. There was considerable damage to a metal barn, overhead doors were blown in and part of the roof was blown off. In addition, a small shed was destroyed, and empty diesel tank was blown off the stand and shingles on the roof of a nearby house were blown off.

Picture of tornado damage to a metal barn in Donley County. Picture taken by NWS Amarillo during the damage survey.

197 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, North Panhandle Donley County 1 N Lelia Lake 14 1658CST 1659CST 0.44 50 0 0 0.00K 10.00K Tornado (EF0)

This tornado touched down one mile northwest of Lelia Lake in Donley County at 4:58 PM CST. The tornado was on the ground for less than one half mile with a maximum width of 50 yards. The tornado dissipated at 4:59 PM CST, one mile north- northwest of Lelia Lake. This tornado has been rated as an EF-0 with winds of 80 mph. There was significant tree damage with large limbs down. Irrigation pipe supply lines were blown out of position. Another irrigation pipe was blown 100 yards into a field.

Picture of irrigation supply pipe that has been blown 100 yards from its original spot. Picture provided by NWS Amarillo and was taken during the damage survey. Collingsworth County 2 NNE Wellington 14 1734CST 1735CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

A NWS cooperative observer reported a fifth wheeler trailer blown over while being pulled by a pickup at the intersection of U.S. Highway 83 and Highway 203. Also reported were tree limbs on U.S. Highway 203 that were 8 to 12 inches in diameter.

An anomalously dynamic upper level system caused a rare severe weather outbreak during the afternoon and evening hours of December 14th. This outbreak was very dynamically driven with very minimal instability values. However this lack of instability was overcome by a 150 mph tropical jet streak, a negatively tilted mid-level trough, 45 mph low level jet, and the presence of a surface warm front and cold front. Thunderstorm initiated over eastern New Mexico as single cells, but transitioned into a linear structure along the leading edged of a surface cold front as they entered the western Texas Panhandle. Once transitioned into a linear structure, severe thunderstorm wind gusts became the primary threat. This was reflected in the storm reports as numerous thunderstorm wind gusts and wind damage were received, but only one report of 1 inch hail was received. The first report of damage for the outbreak was south-southwest of the town of Vega (Deaf Smith County) where thunderstorm downdrafts blew over center pivots used for irrigation. Several more reports of thunderstorm winds gusts between 60 and 70 mph were received from Deaf Smith, Randall, Potter, and Oldham Counties as the line of thunderstorms moved across the southern Texas Panhandle. In Oldham County three tractor trailers were overturned on US Highway 385 north of the city of Vega.

As the thunderstorms moved across Potter and Randall County thunderstorm wind gusts of 60 to 70 mph were reported all across the counties. Two additional tractor trailers rollover accidents were reported on Interstate 27 between Amarillo (Randall County) and Canyon (Randall County), and at the intersection of McAfee Road and Washington Street on the southeast side of Amarillo (Randall County). The accident at McAfee Road and Washington Street resulted in one fatality. Given the west to east track of the line of thunderstorms, vehicles on north-south running roads faced the most hazardous driving conditions due to cross winds, and as a result all rollovers reported occurred on north-south roads.

Also the turbulent winds near this line of thunderstorm contributed to an aircraft mishap over Armstrong County. The pilot, a locally known dentist from Colorado Springs, Co, and the passenger, the pilots father, were killed when their double prop Beechcraft E-90 airplane had an in-flight break-up according to a preliminary report released by the National Transportation Safety Board. The report went on to state that the turbulent air flows caused the aircraft to experience updrafts and downdrafts that tore the fuselage apart. Wreckage from the aircraft were located near the city of Claude (Armstrong County).

198 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, North Panhandle

As the line of thunderstorms reached the eastern edge of Potter and Randall County, they reached the intersection of the cold front and warm front. The additional low level shear provided by this intersection allowed for three brief tornadoes to form in southern Carson County and central Donley County. The tornado in Carson County lasted 5 minutes and traveled three miles without causing any damage. However a trained spotter provided photographic evidence of its occurrence. Two tornadoes occurred in Donley County; one near Clarendon and another near Lelia Lake. Both lasted a minute in duration but were able to produce noticeable structural damage. All three tornadoes were classified as EF-0.

By 6 PM CST, the line of thunderstorms became disorganized as the upper level dynamics moved further to the northeast, and no further reports of damage or severe gusts were received. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

TXZ012 Potter 14 2037CST 2115CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Two high wind gusts of 62 mph and 59 mph occurred at the Amarillo International Airport during the late evening hours of Dec 14th. These gusts occurred as a vigorous upper level disturbance moved from southeast to northwest across the Texas Panhandle. The 6 PM CST upper air sounding from Amarillo showed a well-mixed atmosphere up to 700 mb. This allowed 58 mph to 75 mph mid-level winds to reach the surface. The only limiting factor to keep these stronger winds from constantly reaching the surface was a shallow inversion near the surface. As the night went on the low level inversion strengthened and the strong mid-level winds moved out of the Texas Panhandle to the northeast by midnight of the 15th. While no reports of damage or injuries were reported with these gusts, the Amarillo International Airport, Tradewind Airport, and Lifestar Med Flight had to suspend operations until the high wind threat ended.

TXZ014 Gray 16 2200CST 17 0455CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Freezing Fog

On the evening of the 16th a cold front moved through the Texas and Oklahoma Panhandle. This dropped temperatures during the night hours of the 16th and morning of the 17th to the freezing point. Also due to the proximity of the surface front located over east central Oklahoma low level wrap around moisture combined with light surface winds and clear skies allowing fog to develop. Due to the temperature being at and slightly below the freezing mark, ice accumulation was reported on vehicles and vehicle antennas in Pampa (Gray County) as reported by the Gray County Sheriff's Office. Visibility at the time of the report was estimated to be around 1000 feet. The fog began to dissipate by 5 AM CST as surface winds began to climb increasing low level mixing. No vehicle accidents or injuries were reported in association to the freezing fog.

Freezing fog formed ice on vehicles in Gray County. Provided to the NWS Amarillo Facebook page.

TXZ011-016>017 Deaf Smith - Oldham - Potter - Randall 19 1200CST 1433CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dust Storm

199 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, North Panhandle

A strong cold front moved across the Texas Panhandle during the day on the 19th. The strong surface pressure gradient out ahead of the cold front caused southwesterly surface winds of 25 to 35 mph with brief gusts up to 50 mph. Loose dirt and dust in dry lake beds in eastern New Mexico was lifted and carried into the southwestern Texas Panhandle by these strong winds. The dust and dirt reduced visibilities to less than a mile on many roadways. The lowest visibility reported occurred in Bushland (Potter County) where visibilities dropped to a half mile. Amarillo (Randall County), Canyon (Randall County), Vega (Oldham County), and Hereford (Deaf Smith County) all reported one mile visibility. As the cold front moved southeastward across the southwestern Texas Panhandle surface winds shift around to the northwest sending the blowing dirt and dust south of the area.

TXZ007-012-014- Armstrong - Donley - Gray - Moore - Potter - Randall 017>019 19 1415CST 2123CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong cold front moved across the Texas Panhandle during the afternoon hours on the 19th. Behind the front, 40 to 60 mph mid-level winds were able to reach the ground. These stronger mid-level winds coupled with a strong surface pressure gradient over the Texas Panhandle to result in several hours of 30 to 45 mph sustained surface winds with wind gusts up to 64 mph. These high winds made travel extremely difficult for high profile vehicles, however no vehicle accidents were reported in association to the high winds. The highest gust for the Texas Panhandle was 64 mph and occurred northeast of Lake Tanglewood (Randall County). The strong winds also coupled with light snow to reduce visibilities on area roads to near whiteout visibilities in Dalhart (Dallam County), Texline (Dallam County), Dumas (Moore County), Amarillo (Randall County), Canadian (Hemphill County), and Perryton (Ochiltree County). By 9:20 PM CST the cold front had moved far enough to the southeast to no longer allow stronger mid-level winds to mix to the surface. Here is a listing of all the high wind gusts reported: Dumas (Moore County) 60 mph; Amarillo (Randall County) 60 mph; NE Lake Tanglewood (Randall County) 64 mph; Masterson (Potter County) 62 mph; Clarendon (Donley County) 60 mph; Goodnight (Armstong County) 62 mph; Pampa (Gray County) 59 mph.

TXZ001-004-006- Dallam - Hartley - Hemphill - Moore - Ochiltree - Randall 010-017 19 1600CST 1931CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A strong cold front moved across the Texas Panhandle during the afternoon and evening hours on the 19th. Behind the front, strong mid-level winds mixing to the surface with a strong surface pressure gradient over the Texas Panhandle to result in several hours of 30 to 45 mph sustained surface winds with wind gusts up to 64 mph. During the same time light snow showers formed over the Southern Plains. The combination of strong winds and snowfall reduced visibilities on area roads to near whiteout conditions in Dalhart (Dallam County), Texline (Dallam County), Dumas (Moore County), Amarillo (Randall County), Canadian (Hemphill County), and Perryton (Ochiltree County). By 7:30 PM CST snow showers ended as the upper level support for these showers had moved well east of the area. Light snow accumulations of less than an inch were reported across the Texas Panhandle.

25 0516CST 1748CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

TXZ002>015-017> Armstrong - Carson - Collingsworth - Donley - Gray - Hansford - Hartley - Hemphill - Hutchinson - 020 Lipscomb - Moore - Ochiltree - Oldham - Potter - Randall - Roberts - Sherman - Wheeler

25 0516CST 1748CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

200 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, North Panhandle

A vigorous mid-level trough of low pressure moved out of southeastern New Mexico and into west central Texas during the early morning hours of December 25th. The lift provided by this system and low level wrap around moisture caused snow showers to form over the Southern Plains. The snow showers persisted for several hours to produce at least 1 inch of accumulated snow in every county in the Texas Panhandle. The snow fall began to diminish during the early evening hours as the upper low continued its eastward path into southern Arkansas and northern Louisiana. In Amarillo 2 inches of snow fell which gave the city its second consecutive white Christmas in over 100 years. The last time this occurred was the Christmas of 1894 and 1895. A band of moderate snow developed over the city of Glenrio (Oldham County) to produce 4 inches of snow and near zero visibilities as winds gusted to 45 mph. The snow also caused slick road conditions in Vega (Oldham County) and Amarillo (Randall and Potter County). In Amarillo, 25 wrecks were reported by local law enforcement between 7 AM CST and 3 PM CST, but no serious injuries or fatalities were reported. The following is a list of snow amounts across the Texas Panhandle: Claude (Armstrong County) 2.0 inches; Panhandle (Carson County) 2.5 inches; Skellyton (Carson County) 1.0 inch; Lutie (Collingsworth County) 3.0 inches; Clarendon (Donley County) 1.0 inch; Pampa (Gray County) 1.5 inches; Spearman (Hansford County) 1.0 inch; Dalhart (Hartley and Dallam County) 1.0 inch; Canadian (Hemphill County) 1.5 inches; Borger (Hutchinson County) 1.0 inch; Lipscomb (Lipscomb County) 3.0 inches; Dumas (Moore County) 1.0 inch; Perry ton (Ochiltree County) 1.5 inches; Glenrio (Oldham County) 4.0 inches; Boys Ranch (Oldham County) 2.5 inches; Vega (Oldham County) 2.0 inches; ENE Amarillo (Potter County) 2.0; SW Amarillo (Randall County) 1.3 inches; Canyon (Randall County) 3.0 inches; Miami (Roberts County) 2.5 inches; Stratford (Sherman County) 2.0 inches; Shamrock (Wheeler County) 3.0 inches; and Wheeler (Wheeler County) 2.0 inches.

TXZ001>004-006 Dallam - Hansford - Hartley - Ochiltree - Sherman 31 0306CST 1145CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Over the course of the late night hours on the 30th an upper level trough of low pressure situated over the Arizona and California state line moved eastward towards the Texas Panhandle. Ahead of this trough, a 150mph-160mph jet stream coupled with a surface low pressure system diving southeastward out of southern Colorado to initiate precipitation across the Southern Plains. As the surface low continued its southeasterly track the associated cold front dropped temperatures below the freezing mark. At this time any precipitation falling transitioned quickly from rain to sleet to all snow. Snowfall continued for several hours as moisture wrapped around the surface low before ending from west to east at noon. The highest snowfall amount of 8 inches was observed in the northwestern Texas Panhandle. The snow pack created some icy spots on roadways as reported by local law enforcement. Below is a listing of snow amounts by county: Dallam County: Texline 8.0 inches; 4 E Dalhart 2.0 inches. Hartley County: Dalhart 3.0 inches. Hansford County: 1 NE Gruver 2.0 inches. Ochiltree County: 1 W Perryton 1.0 inch; Perryton 1.0 inch. Sherman County: Stratford 1.0 inch.

Snow packed roads in Texline, Dallam County, photo provided by K Cross onto the NWS Amarillo Facebook page.

201 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, Northeast TXZ096-108>109 Bowie - Franklin - Red River - Titus 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

D2 Severe and D3 Extreme Drought conditions continued into the month of December across Bowie and Red River Counties in Northeast Texas and expanded southward during the month, encompassing Franklin and Titus Counties as well. Rainfall for the month of December across these locations ranged from near 5 inches near Texarkana, Texas to near 2 to 3 inches across portions of Red River, Titus and Franklin Counties.

Nacogdoches County 5 S Garrison 09 1735CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (53EG)

Trees were downed south of Garrison blocking FM. 95. Note: The estimated wind gust of 53 knots is equivalent to 61 mph. Shelby County 10 W Center 09 1738CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Shelby County 10 W Center 09 1738CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (53EG)

Trees were downed west of Center, Texas. Note: The estimated wind gust of 53 knots is equivalent to 61 mph. Sabine County 1 N Hemphill 09 2010CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (53EG)

Trees and powerlines were downed in Hemphill, Texas. Traffic light was also downed at Hwy. 21 and Hwy. 87.

A strong upper level trough dug southward into the southern Rockies during the afternoon hours of December 12th and accelerated eastward towards the region during the evening hours. A line of thunderstorms developed along and ahead of a cold front across the southern half of Northeast Texas and Northern Louisiana. The airmass ahead of the front was moderately unstable and strong shear was evident such that damaging wind gusts were produced from the severe thunderstorms. Note: The estimated wind gust of 53 knots is equivalent to 61 mph. Red River County 1 SW Clarksville 19 2245CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (58EG)

Several reports of trees and powerlines downed throughout Red River County.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 58 knots is equivalent to 67 mph. Franklin County 1 SE Mt Vernon 19 2255CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (60EG)

Numerous trees and powerlines were downed across all of Franklin County.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 60 knots is equivalent to 69 mph. Bowie County 1 N De Kalb 19 2310CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (60EG)

Fire Department reported that powerlines were downed throughout town.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 60 knots is equivalent to 69 mph. Titus County 1 N Mt Pleasant Muni Arp 19 2310CST 0 0 40.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (60EG)

A tree was downed on a house south of Mount Pleasant. There was no report of injuries.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 60 knots is equivalent to 69 mph. Camp County Harvard 19 2315CST 0 0 20.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (60EG)

A tree was downed onto a mobile home north of Pittsburg, Texas. There was no report of injuries.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 60 knots is equivalent to 69 mph.

202 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, Northeast Upshur County 1 NW Big Sandy 19 2320CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (57EG)

A tree was downed in Big Sandy on Hwy. 155. Note: The estimated wind gust of 57 knots is equivalent to 66 mph. Camp County 1 W Pittsburg 19 2325CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (57EG)

A power pole was downed across Hwy. 11 just west of Pittsburg, Texas.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 57 knots is equivalent to 66 mph. Bowie County 1 N New Boston 19 2330CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (60EG)

Several trees were downed on Cannon Street in New Boston, Texas.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 60 knots is equivalent to 69 mph. Gregg County 1 WNW Gladewater 19 2335CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (57EG)

Several trees were downed with debris across Hwy. 80 in Gladewater, Texas.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 57 knots is equivalent to 66 mph. Morris County 1 E Dangerfield 19 2335CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (58EG)

Several trees were downed across the county with powerlines downed as well.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 58 knots is equivalent to 67 mph. Bowie County 1 E Victory City 19 2340CST 0 0 40.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (59EG)

A tree fell on a home in Leary, Texas. There were no reports of injuries.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 59 knots is equivalent to 68 mph. Bowie County 1 E Maud 19 2340CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (59EG)

A tree was downed in Maud, Texas across FM. 2149. Note: The estimated wind gust of 59 knots is equivalent to 68 mph. Morris County 2 NNW Lone Star 19 2340CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (58EG)

Large tree limbs and branches were downed in Lone Star, Texas.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 58 knots is equivalent to 67 mph. Bowie County 1 N Redwater 19 2345CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (59EG)

A transformer was blown down along Hwy. 991 in the Redwater community.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 59 knots is equivalent to 68 mph. Cass County 2 WSW Linden 20 0000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Numerous trees and powerlines were downed across the entire county.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph.

203 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, Northeast Cherokee County 2 NNE Jacksonville 20 0005CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (58EG)

Numerous trees were downed in the Jacksonville, Texas community.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 58 knots is equivalent to 67 mph. Marion County 1 N Jefferson 20 0005CST 0 0 100.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (62EG)

The roof was taken off a home by strong winds in Jefferson, Texas. There were no reports of injuries.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 62 knots is equivalent to 71 mph. Marion County 3 NE Lassater 20 0006CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (58EG)

Large trees were downed on Hwy. 49 in Kellyville, Texas northwest of Jefferson.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 58 knots is equivalent to 67 mph. Rusk County 1 N Henderson 20 0015CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (57EG)

Several trees and powerlines were downed across the county. Note: The estimated wind gust of 57 knots is equivalent to 66 mph. Harrison County 1 ENE Marshall 20 0030CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (58EG)

Trees and powerlines were downed throughout the entire county.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 58 knots is equivalent to 67 mph. Marion County 2 ENE Smithland 20 0030CST 0 0 25.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (59EG)

Damaging wind gusts blew the roof off a porch of a home on CR. 3300 near the Smithland community just north of Hwy. 49.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 59 knots is equivalent to 68 mph. Rusk County 1 SW Mt Enterprise 20 0035CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (57EG)

Trees and powerlines were downed in the Mount Enterprise community.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 57 knots is equivalent to 66 mph. Panola County 1 E Carthage 20 0050CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (57EG)

Trees and powerlines were downed throughout the county. Note: The estimated wind gust of 57 knots is equivalent to 66 mph. Nacogdoches County 1 ENE Nacogdoches 20 0055CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56EG)

Several trees and powerlines were downed across the entire county.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Angelina County 1 S Lufkin 20 0110CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (54EG)

Trees were downed across the county. Note: The estimated wind gust of 54 knots is equivalent to 62 mph.

204 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, Northeast San Augustine County 1 NE San Augustine 20 0151CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (54EG)

Several trees were downed in San Augustine, Texas. A very unstable airmass developed across the Four State region during the afternoon and evening hours of December 12th. A potent upper level storm system moved out of the Inter Mountain West and into the Southern Plains during the afternoon as well. A warm front moved north of the region allowing for dewpoint temperatures well into the 60s across the entire region. Shear was very strong ahead of this upper level storm system with nearly 70 knots of deep layer shear. The wind profile however was unidirectional which given the instability in place, provided the necessary ingredients for a squall line to develop. Storms originally developed across North Central Texas and Southern Oklahoma along a prefrontal surface trough. The broken line of storms increased in coverage and intensity with the squall line moving through the entire Four State Region during the late night hours of the 19th and early morning hours of the 20th. Wind damage was widespread across the entire Four State Region. Note: The estimated wind gust of 54 knots is equivalent to 62 mph.

Cherokee County Rusk 25 0332CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Cass County 2 NW Linden 25 0515CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Powerlines were blown down resulting in a small fire along Hwy. 8 north of Linden, Texas.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Angelina County 1 S Lufkin 25 1000CST 0 0 10.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (53EG)

A roof was blown off a mobile home on Hwy. 103 east in Lufkin, Texas. Large tree limbs were also blown down.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 53 knots is equivalent to 61 mph. Angelina County 2 SE Pollok 25 1009CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Angelina County 1 S Lufkin 25 1012CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (53EG)

Trees were downed on Oakwood Road in Lufkin, Texas. Note: The estimated wind gust of 53 knots is equivalent to 61 mph. Nacogdoches County Chireno 25 1030CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (53EG)

A tree was downed on FM. 95 near Chireno, Texas. Note: The estimated wind gust of 53 knots is equivalent to 61 mph. Shelby County 1 N Center 25 1036CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (54EG)

Trees were downed on Hwy. 7 and Hwy. 96 near Center, Texas. Note: The estimated wind gust of 54 knots is equivalent to 62 mph. San Augustine County 1 NE San Augustine 25 1048CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (54EG)

Trees and powerlines were downed on Bland Lake Road. Note: The estimated wind gust of 54 knots is equivalent to 62 mph. Sabine County 3 SSW Yellowpine 25 1127CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (54EG)

A tree was downed across FM. 2343 near Yellowpine, Texas. Note: The estimated wind gust of 54 knots is equivalent to 62 mph.

205 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, Northeast Sabine County 4 W Fairmount 25 1143CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (54EG)

Trees and powerlines were downed near the Six Mile area south of Hemphill, Texas.

During the night of the 24th, a stationary frontal boundary across the Southeast Texas and Southern Louisiana coast began moving northward as a warm front as a deep upper level disturbance moved out of the Four Corners Region and into the Plains. This front delineated a very cold air mass north of it with a very warm and unstable air mass south of the boundary. The front moved north and became stationary near the lower Toledo Bend and Sam Rayburn country of Deep East Texas, into Central Louisiana during the late morning and afternoon hours of Christmas Day. Initially, showers and thunderstorms developed during the predawn hours with storms overriding the front and becoming elevated. These storms primarily produced large hail. However as the day went on, the storms become more surface based. Eventually, a squall line developed south of the Interstate 20 corridor of Northeast Texas and Northern Louisiana with damaging wind gusts the main result. Note: The estimated wind gust of 54 knots is equivalent to 62 mph.

TXZ096-108>111 Bowie - Camp - Franklin - Morris - Red River - Titus 25 1500CST 2200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A deep upper level low pressure system that produced severe thunderstorms across the southern half of Northeast Texas into much of Northern Louisiana produced widespread rain across all of Northeast Texas during Christmas Day. However, much colder arctic air moved into the Middle Red River Valley during the late afternoon and evening hours of the 25th which allowed the rain to change over to snow very quickly. Accumulating snow was common across several counties in Northeast Texas. This heavy wet snow resulted in several trees downed along with powerlines which cut power to many locations across Northeast Texas. There were also several accidents reported from the accumulating snow on area roadways and bridges. The following were some snowfall accumulations across Northeast Texas: 8.5 inches in Dekalb, 4 inches in Clarksville, 5 inches in Detroit, 4 inches near Mount Pleasant, 4 inches near Lonestar, 4 inches in Pittsburg, 4-5 inches near Mount Vernon.

TXZ124-136>137 Gregg - Smith - Upshur - Wood 25 1600CST 2200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A deep upper level low pressure system that produced severe thunderstorms across the southern half of Northeast Texas into much of Northern Louisiana produced widespread rain across all of Northeast Texas during Christmas Day. However, much colder arctic air moved into the Middle Red River Valley during the late afternoon and evening hours of the 25th which allowed the rain to change over to snow very quickly. Lighter amounts of accumulating snow was reported across a few counties in Northeast Texas. This heavy wet snow resulted in a few minor traffic accidents dur to snow accumulating on some roadways and overpasses. The following were some snowfall accumulations across Northeast Texas: 2-3 inches near Quitman, 2.5 inches in Mineola, 2 inches near Lindale, 2 inches near Gilmer, Gladewater and Longview, 1 inch near Tyler.

TEXAS, South

TXZ248>257 Brooks - Coastal Cameron - Coastal Willacy - Hidalgo - Inland Cameron - Inland Willacy - Jim Hogg - Kenedy - Starr - Zapata 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

The month of December started out with a little rain due to a line of thunderstorms that accompanied a cold front around midnight on December 5th. While the rainfall was welcomed and beneficial, it was not widespread, and amounts received varied greatly, with over an inch measured in Harlingen to no rainfall measured in McAllen. Unfortunately, little to no more rain fell during the month of December, ending the year on a dry note.

Willacy County Raymondville 04 2345CST 2346CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Raymondville Police Department reported estimated 60 mph winds when the storm came through.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Willacy County 5 W Raymondville 04 2348CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (70EG)

The public reported that a barn was destroyed 5 miles west of Raymondville. The barn also crushed a car. Winds were estimated at 70 to 80 mph. Note: The estimated wind gust of 70 knots is equivalent to 81 mph.

206 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, South Willacy County 2 W Raymondville 04 2348CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Raymondville Police Department reported that the Precinct 1 garage west of Raymondville on Highway 186 sustained heavy damage from straight line thunderstorm winds. The garage doors were blown down and a section of hurricane fencing near the garage was also blown down. Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Cameron County 1 NNE La Feria 05 0057CST 0059CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.25)

The public reported quarter to half dollar size hail fell in La Feria, near FM 506. The hail lasted for a few minutes.

A line of strong to severe thunderstorms associated with a cold front moving across the region, developed over southern Kenedy County and raced south across Willacy and Cameron counties around midnight on December 5th. This front was preceded by just enough instability to produce a small band of damaging winds and hail. Several reports of strong wind gusts and wind damage were reported around the Raymondville area in Willacy County. Further south in Cameron County, quarter to half dollar sized hail was reported in La Feria.

TXZ249-252>253 Brooks - Hidalgo - Jim Hogg - Starr 18 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

December ended drier than it started, with very little rain seen during the latter half of the month. The general lack of rain allowed for drought conditions to intensify across inland counties of Deep South Texas and the Rio Grande Valley.

TEXAS, South Central

TXZ171>173-183> Bandera - Bastrop - Blanco - Burnet - Caldwell - Comal - De Witt - Edwards - Fayette - Gillespie - 194-202>203-206> Gonzales - Guadalupe - Hays - Karnes - Kendall - Kerr - Kinney - Lavaca - Lee - Llano - Real - Travis - 209-222>225 Uvalde - Val Verde - Williamson 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

December was another dry month across South Central Texas and the drought worsened in 12 counties. Edwards County moved into the exceptional drought category (D4) and Kerr and Real joined Val Verde in the extreme category (D3). Bastrop, Blanco, Caldwell, Comal, Fayette, Guadalupe, Hays, Kendall, and Travis entered the severe category (D2). All the other counties were unchanged. Fire danger was moderate to high across the region. Thirteen of the 25 counties in D2 or worse drought had burn bans in effect: Blanco, Burnet, Comal, Edwards, Guadalupe, Hays, Karnes, Kinney, Llano, Real, Travis, Val Verde, and Williamson. Area lakes and reservoirs continued below normal pool elevations with Lake Amistad around 37 feet below normal, Lake Travis near 50 feet below normal, and Medina Lake 72 feet below normal. The Edwards Aquifer was 17.9 feet below normal, and just over 3 feet below the level in December 2011. Uvalde was in stage 3 water restrictions, Austin and San Marcos were in stage 2 water restrictions, and Kerrville was in Stage 1 water restrictions.

Guadalupe County 3 ESE Geronimo 09 2005CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (1.00)

Pea to quarter sized hail. A strong cold front moved across the region, generating showers and thunderstorms. One of the thunderstorms produced one- inch hail over Guadalupe County.

TEXAS, South Panhandle

TXZ021>044 Bailey - Briscoe - Castro - Childress - Cochran - Cottle - Crosby - Dickens - Floyd - Garza - Hale - Hall - Hockley - Kent - King - Lamb - Lubbock - Lynn - Motley - Parmer - Stonewall - Swisher - Terry - Yoakum

01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 50.0M Drought

Drought conditions on the South Plains and Rolling Plains of West Texas during the month of December remained unchanged. Exceptional (D4) drought was observed across the western South Plains and a portion of Stonewall County. Extreme (D3) drought covered the rest of the South Plains with mostly Severe (D2) drought observed across the Rolling Plains.

207 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, South Panhandle

December saw a mix of warm, cool, dry and wet weather. The beginning of the month was characterized by well above seasonal average temperatures however the final two weeks saw much below normal temperatures. By the end of the month, departures from normal were +2.4 and +2.3 degrees at Lubbock and Childress, respectively. The year of 2012 was the warmest on record for both Lubbock and Childress. Precipitation ended up being just below normal at Lubbock with higher deficits generally over the Rolling Plains. This was due to two significant snow storms during the month as well as a squall line of thunderstorms. On Christmas day, one of these snow storms brought up to six inches of snow in Friona and Littlefield. Keetch- Byram Drought Index values were also unchanged during December. Highest values were observed across the western South Plains between 500-600. The rest of the South Plains saw values between 400-500 while the Rolling Plains were observed at 300-500. Despite the precipitation events throughout the month, there was one day which brought high winds and significant blowing dust. These storms become more typical during the dry season in West Texas although the peak occurs in late winter. By the end of the month, fire weather levels dropped due to cooler weather. Additionally, available fuels were below average for December. The snowfall provided some improvement to winter wheat crops and rangelands but amounts were not sufficient to improve deep soil moisture and long term drought conditions.

Economic losses due to drought through December since the drought began were estimated near $2.6 billion.

TXZ035 Lubbock 10 0932CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather Following a strong cold front early on the 9th, a fast-moving upper trough in northwest flow passed over the South Plains late on the 9th and early on the 10th accompanied by a very narrow, but impressive band of moderate to occasionally heavy snow. Even with mild ground temperatures and the fast movement of the snow band, the season's first snow resulted in accumulations around 1/2 inch over much of the South Plains. Muleshoe received the most snow at 1 inch. From midnight through the early morning of the 10th, very cold temperatures in the lower teens and single digits above zero led to hazardous road conditions. Several vehicle accidents were reported by DPS officials, particularly in Lubbock. A fatal vehicle rollover occurred west of Reese Center on Highway 114 after a minivan encountered an icy patch and slid off the road.

Bailey County 2 SSW Muleshoe 14 1450CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56MG)

Measured by a Texas Tech University West Texas mesonet site.

Note: The measured wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Parmer County 1 NE Lazbuddie 14 1459CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (57MG)

Measured by a KVII-TV schoolnet station in Lazbuddie. Note: The measured wind gust of 57 knots is equivalent to 66 mph. Lamb County 1 E Amherst 14 1510CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50MG)

Measured by a Texas Tech University West Texas mesonet site.

Note: The measured wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph. Parmer County 1 NE Friona 14 1512CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56MG)

Measured by a KVII-TV schoolnet at the Friona High School. Note: The measured wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Castro County 1 E Dimmitt 14 1516CST 2 E Dimmitt Muni Arpt 1520CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (64MG)

A Texas Tech West Texas Mesonet site located two miles northeast of Dimmitt recorded a 74 mph wind gust at 1520 CST. At 1516 CST, a weather station at the Dimmitt High School measured a 59 mph gust from the same thunderstorm gust front.

Note: The measured wind gust of 64 knots is equivalent to 74 mph.

208 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, South Panhandle Lamb County 4 N Beck 14 1525CST 0 0 1.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

A trained spotter reported downed power lines at the intersection of FM Road 303 and FM Road 37.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph. Hockley County 2 SSE Levelland Muni Arpt 14 1530CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (54MG)

Measured by a Texas Tech University West Texas mesonet site.

Note: The measured wind gust of 54 knots is equivalent to 62 mph. Castro County 1 NE Hart 14 1532CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (55MG)

Measured by a KVII-TV schoolnet at Hart Elementary. Note: The measured wind gust of 55 knots is equivalent to 63 mph. Lubbock County 3 S Lubbock 14 1604CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (53MG)

Measured by the KCBD weather station. Note: The measured wind gust of 53 knots is equivalent to 61 mph. Lubbock County 3 WNW Lubbock 14 1605CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (67MG) 2 E Doud Measured by a Texas Tech University West Texas mesonet site. About two miles south of the mesonet station, a large tree was blown over. Note: The measured wind gust of 67 knots is equivalent to 77 mph.

One of several large trees blown over in northwest Lubbock by downburst winds measured as high as 77 mph. Photo credit KCBD news. Lubbock County 3 NW Lubbock 14 1605CST 0 0 0.50K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (52EG)

Broadcast media reported a large tree was blown over and a property fence damaged near Grinnell Street and Detroit Avenue.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 52 knots is equivalent to 60 mph.

209 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, South Panhandle Lubbock County 2 W Lubbock 14 1606CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

Broadcast media relayed a report of 13 shattered vehicle windows at Texas Tech University.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph. Lubbock County 2 NW Slide 14 1606CST 0 0 2.50K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG) A house at 3308 County Road 7540 (about 2.5 miles southwest of Vintage Township) had a small portion of its roof removed by downburst winds. Farther south along Woodrow Road, a few power lines were blown down.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph.

A portion of this home's roof was damaged by downburst winds of around 70 mph. Photo credit KCBD news.

TXZ021 Parmer 14 1610CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind Lubbock County 1 ENE Shallowater 14 1611CST 0 0 3.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

An amateur radio operator and broadcast media reported downed power lines and snapped utility poles near the corn maze along FM Road 1294. Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph. Briscoe County Silverton 14 1625CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (63MG)

Measured by a KVII-TV schoolnet in Silverton. Note: The measured wind gust of 63 knots is equivalent to 72 mph. Crosby County 1 SE Ralls 14 1635CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (56MG)

Measured by a Texas Tech University West Texas mesonet site.

Note: The measured wind gust of 56 knots is equivalent to 64 mph. Childress County 3 S Tell 14 1720CST 0 0 2.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

A NWS CO-OP observer reported moderate damage to a carport three miles south of Tell. A few sheds nearby had sheet metal torn from their roofs.

Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph.

210 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, South Panhandle Motley County 1 S Northfield 14 1720CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50MG)

Measured by a Texas Tech University West Texas mesonet site.

After the South Plains saw its first snow of the season earlier this week, a powerful and fast-moving line of thunderstorms plowed across the South Plains this afternoon ahead of a vigorous upper storm system. The day began with abundant low clouds and moisture from the Gulf of Mexico on stiff southerly winds. These clouds parted by late morning followed by even stronger southerly winds with frequent gusts over 40 mph, areas of blowing dust, and abundant sunshine that would further destabilize the atmosphere. As a negatively-tilted upper trough and Pacific cold front began exiting eastern New Mexico shortly after 1300 CST, showers expanded in coverage near the state line and rapidly intensified into thunderstorms as they encountered an increasingly moist and unstable airmass. These storms solidified into a narrow, but intense squall line that raced eastward at highway speeds for the next four hours accompanied by several severe wind gusts measured between 58 and 77 mph. Scattered wind damage was reported throughout the South Plains and in some instances commercial power was disrupted. Well behind the thunderstorms, very strong winds developed a few thousand feet above the ground. Near Friona, these winds briefly mixed to the surface behind the cold front and produced a severe, non-convective wind gust. Note: The measured wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

TXZ028-034 Hale - Hockley - Lamb 19 1130CST 1830CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dust Storm

TXZ029-035 Hale - Lubbock 19 1250CST 1255CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

TXZ035 Lubbock 19 1300CST 1838CST 0 0 1.0M 0.00K Dust Storm

Photo of dust storm conditions along Interstate 27 near New Deal, TX that contributed to a fatal 27 car pile-up. Both north and southbound lanes of the interstate were closed for several hours due to near-zero visbility in blowing dust. Photo courtesy of KJTV news.

19 1300CST 1307CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

19 1300CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind 19 1305CST 1340CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

211 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, South Panhandle TXZ030-041 Floyd - Lynn 19 1315CST 1325CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

TXZ027 Bailey 19 1330CST 1700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dust Storm

TXZ022-025-039 Castro - Hall - Yoakum 19 1335CST 1401CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

TXZ023-040 Swisher - Terry 19 1430CST 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dust Storm

TXZ021-024-028- Briscoe - Crosby - Hall - Lamb - Motley - Parmer 031-036 19 1435CST 2210CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A historic dust storm engulfed much of the South Plains this afternoon resulting in dust storm conditions (visibilities at or below 1/2 mile in blowing dust) at the Lubbock International Airport for the longest duration since December 16, 1977. The culprit for this exceptional dust storm was a surface cyclone rapidly deepening in far southwest Kansas ahead of a vigorous upper level trough exiting the southern Rockies. Along the southern periphery of this trough, a deep layer wind maximum overspread the Texas South Plains during the afternoon behind a Pacific cold front. Initially, a layer of thick high clouds prevented these winds from mixing to the surface behind the front, but as the late morning and afternoon wore on, these clouds departed and allowed high winds with frequent gusts around 60 mph to stir up extensive blowing dust on the Caprock. The highest wind gusts as measured by the Texas Tech University West Texas Mesonet developed in Lubbock and Floyd Counties where peak wind gusts of 66 and 72 mph were recorded, respectively. Visibilities fell abruptly to 1/2 mile or less in many rural areas, with near-zero visibility at times as documented by TV news reporters along Interstate 27 in southern Hale and northern Lubbock Counties. These conditions contributed to a deadly 25-vehicle pileup on I-27 just south of New Deal. One man was fatally injured and at least 17 others suffered injuries of varying severity. Law enforcement promptly closed the interstate in both directions for several hours. Also, a mobile triage unit from UMC Hospital was dispatched for the first time ever to assist with accident victims as flight-for-life helicopters were grounded due to the high winds. Several flights at Lubbock International Airport were grounded until wind and visibility improved by early evening. This significant dust storm was forecast exceptionally well by meteorologists at the Lubbock NWS who provided residents with just over seven hours notice that dangerously low visibilities from blowing dust were inevitable by midday. For some cell phone users in the region, the newly-developed Commercial Mobile Alert System alerted them for the first time of life-threatening weather. A list of severe wind gusts measured by the Texas Tech University West Texas Mesonet and Automated Surface Observing Systems follows: 66 mph at Lubbock International Airport (Lubbock County)...62 mph at Wolfforth (Lubbock County)...61 mph at Reese Center (Lubbock County)...60 mph at Denver City (Yoakum County)...59 mph at Lubbock (Lubbock County), O'Donnell (Lynn County), Roaring Springs (Motley County), and Memphis (Hall County)...58 mph at Abernathy (Hale County), Floydada (Floyd County), Turkey (Hall County), Silverton (Briscoe County), Olton (Lamb County), and White River Lake (Crosby County).

TXZ021 Parmer 25 0000CST 1100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

212 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, South Panhandle

Snow totals throughout the NWS Lubbock forecast area during the 2012 Christmas Day snow fall.

TXZ022 Castro 25 0100CST 1100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

TXZ027-028 Bailey - Lamb 25 0300CST 1200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

TXZ023-033>035- Cochran - Garza - Hockley - King - Lubbock - Lynn - Swisher - Terry 038-040>042 25 0600CST 1100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

After a rare White Christmas for much of the South Plains the year prior, Christmas of 2012 saw portions of the South Plains blanketed by a swath of mostly light snow; however, a narrow corridor of heavy snow between 4 and 6 inches took aim from Littlefield northwest to Friona. During the overnight hours of Christmas Eve and early Christmas Day, a strong upper trough moved across New Mexico and into West Texas by Christmas morning. At the surface, an intensifying low pressure system developed across eastern New Mexico and pushed into Central Texas during the morning hours. This brought a strong cold front through the extreme southern Texas panhandle, South Plains, and Rolling Plains by mid-to-late morning on Christmas Day. Ahead of the front, a light to moderate band of snow impacted much of the extreme southern panhandle, South Plains and Rolling Plains. The snow began diminishing in coverage and intensity by late morning and resulted in a broad snow cover roughly centered along U.S. Highway 84 from Farwell southeast to Post. Within this snow field, a very narrow band of moderate to heavy snow deposited 3 to 6 inches from Parmer County southeast to southern Lubbock County. This welcome snow did lead to a few dozen minor traffic accidents throughout the South Plains region, most of which were focused along Highways 60 and 214 in Parmer County where some of the heaviest snow fell. Reports of injuries, if any, were not available. Snow totals included: 6 inches at Friona (Parmer County) and Littlefield (Lamb County), 5 inches in Muleshoe (Bailey County), 3.5 inches at Slaton (Lubbock County), 2 inches at Woodrow 3WNW (Lubbock County) and Ropesville 6NNW (Hockley County), 1.5 inches at New Home (Lynn County), and 1 inch at Dimmitt (Castro County), Lubbock 7SW (Lubbock County), Shallowater (Lubbock County), Ropesville 6NNW (Hockley County), Tahoka (Lynn County), and also at Paducah 15S (Cottle County). Remaining counties throughout in the NWS Lubbock forecast area generally measured a trace to a few tenths of an inch of snow. At the Lubbock Airport, just 0.1 of snow was measured, failing to qualify for an official White Christmas unlike the year prior.

213 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, Southeast Hardin County 8 NNE Silsbee 04 1510CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hail (0.88)

A report was received of nickel sized hail from a passing strong storm northeast of Silsbee.

An isolated report of hail was received from a thunderstorm in Southeast Texas.

TXZ215 Jefferson 20 1500CST 21 0720CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Astronomical Low Tide

Strong north winds with a long duration behind a cold front pushed the tide levels well below the mean lower low water level for multiple times.

TXZ201 Hardin 25 1005CST 1105CST 0 0 4.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

Orange County 1 NE Vidor 25 1248CST 0 0 750.00K 0.00K Thunderstorm Wind (50EG)

Winds from a passing line of storms damage several structures in the vidor area. An apartment complex with mulitple buildings had roof damage to three differnt structures with one roof being removed. An outlet mall had roof and sign damage. A large tree limb fell on one home damaging the roof and porch. In a near-by trailer park mulitple mobile homes had damage with one truck being crushed by a fallen tree. Note: The estimated wind gust of 50 knots is equivalent to 58 mph.

TXZ215 Jefferson 26 0830CST 0900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Astronomical Low Tide

29 1000CST 1100CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Astronomical Low Tide

A strong cold front moved through Southeast Texas during Christmas Day with strong winds and small hail in storms along the boundary, strong gradient winds behind the boundary, and low tides caused by persistent strong north winds behind the front. A reinforcing front moved through a couple of days later creating another low tide event along the coast.

TEXAS, West

TXZ258 Guadalupe Mountains of Culberson County 08 1155MST 1941MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

09 0000MST 1000MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

09 0039MST 0627MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

09 0700MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind 09 2051MST 2151MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Strong mid level winds at the base of a passing upper trough resulted in high winds in the Guadalupe Mountains. A cold front then moved south through the region and resulted in strong northeast winds in Guadalupe Pass.

14 1051MST 15 0251MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

214 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, West TXZ048-074-258 Davis/Apache Mountains Area - Guadalupe Mountains of Culberson County - Scurry

14 1215CST 1700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Strong mid level winds at the base of a powerful upper level trough raked Southeast New mexico and West Texas with strong westerly surface winds.

TXZ258 Guadalupe Mountains of Culberson County 16 0251MST 2151MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

The passage of another upper trough just north of the region resulted in high winds in the Guadalupe Mountains.

18 0000MST 19 2000MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

18 0006MST 1626MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

18 1351MST 19 2051MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

19 0200MST 1600MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

19 0203MST 1652MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

TXZ045-074 Davis/Apache Mountains Area - Gaines 19 1135CST 1755CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

The passing of an upper level trough to the north of the region resulted in high winds across West Texas.

TXZ074-258 Davis/Apache Mountains Area - Guadalupe Mountains of Culberson County

25 0000MST 0550MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

The passage of a potent upper level trough just north of the region resulted in high winds in the Guadalupe Mountains.

31 1500MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind A passing upper level trough just north of the region resulted in high winds in portions of the Guadalupe Mountains.

TEXAS, Western North

TXZ083>090 Archer - Baylor - Clay - Foard - Hardeman - Knox - Wichita - Wilbarger

01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 Drought

Very few rainfall events occurred during the month of December over northern Texas. This allowed drought conditions to persist or even worsen in some areas.

215 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

TEXAS, Western North Foard County Crowell 14 1820CST 0 0 10.00K Thunderstorm Wind (61EG)

Power lines were reported down and windows blown in, along with tin roofs peeled back.

A large and intense squall line developed along a cold front over eastern New Mexico during the early afternoon, then swept quickly east through the Texas Panhandle and western north Texas by evening. A bowing segment produced some severe wind gusts during the 6:00pm hour. Note: The estimated wind gust of 61 knots is equivalent to 70 mph.

TXZ086 Wichita 25 0900CST 1700CST 0 0 Heavy Snow

TXZ088 Baylor 25 1000CST 1600CST 0 0 Winter Weather

A strong upper storm system moved into Oklahoma and north Texas from Christmas Eve through Christmas Day. Parts of western north Texas received considerable snowfall. A brief period of blizzard conditions also occurred during the afternoon, where over 6 inches of snow fell in some areas.

UTAH, East

UTZ022>025-027> Canyonlands/Natural Bridges - Eastern Uinta Basin - Eastern Uinta Mountains - Grand Flat and Arches - 029 La Sal & Abajo Mountains - Southeast Utah - Tavaputs Plateau 01 0000MST 31 2359MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

As the seasons transitioned from fall to winter, the storm track became more favorable for precipitation across the eastern Utah, especially during the latter half of the month. As a result, near normal precipitation was reported at many climate stations in eastern Utah for the first time in many months. However, the precipitation was not enough to ease drought conditions and little change was seen in the severe to extreme categories in place across eastern Utah.

UTAH, West and Central

UTZ003-005-007 Great Salt Lake Desert and Mountains/Wendover/Snowville - Salt Lake and Toole Valleys - Wasatch Mountains I80 North 02 0725MST 2100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A potent cold front moved into northern Utah on December 2. While the front brought rain to the valleys and snow to the mountains of Utah, the strong, gusty winds produced ahead of and behind the front were the most noteworthy part of this event.

UTZ005-007>010 Great Salt Lake Desert and Mountains/Wendover/Snowville - Wasatch Mountains I80 North - Wasatch Mountains South of I80 - Wasatch Plateau/Book Cliffs - Western Unita Mountains 16 0000MST 19 0600MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

UTZ004-015-517- Central Mountains - Southern Mountains - Southern Wasatch Front/Lehi/Provo/Nephi - West Central 518 Utah/Delta 17 1600MST 19 0700MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

UTZ012>014-016 Castle Country/Price/Castle/Dale/Emery - San Rafael Swell/Greene River/Hanksville - Sanpete/Sevier Valleys - Southwest Utah/Cedar City/Milford 18 0200MST 19 0800MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

216 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

UTAH, West and Central

A fast-moving storm system moved through Utah on December 16, bringing a shot of snow to northern Utah. This was quickly followed by a deeper and colder Pacific system on the 17th, which produced both gusty winds and heavy snowfall across much of the state.

UTZ007-008 Wasatch Mountains I80 North - Wasatch Mountains South of I80

23 2100MST 24 0500MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

UTZ001 Cache Valley/Utah Portion 24 0000MST 25 0200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A cold storm system moved into Utah beginning late on December 23, with the heaviest snow falling on December 24. The largest snow totals were observed in far northern Utah.

VERMONT, North and Central

VTZ006-011-017> Eastern Addison - Eastern Chittenden - Eastern Rutland - Lamoille - Western Rutland 019 21 0900EST 1400EST 0 0 275.0K 0.00K High Wind

VTZ005-009 Western Addison - Western Chittenden 21 1000EST 1400EST 2 0 60.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

VTZ006-016>018 Eastern Addison - Eastern Chittenden - Eastern Franklin - Lamoille

22 1500EST 23 1000EST 0 0 20.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

A strong, complex, dual area of low pressure from the Great Lakes to the New Jersey coast on the morning of December 21st eventually lifted north across New York into Quebec by December 22nd. On the front end of the storm, a wintry mix of snow and some sleet accumulated 1 to 3 inches across Vermont with up to 6 inches in the southern Green Mountains. More importantly, a strong low-level jet stream of 85 to 100+ mph moved across Vermont during the morning and early afternoon. A predominate southeast flow created damaging down slope winds across the western slopes of the Green mountains. Much of the damage was to trees and power lines, but there was some light structure damage to buildings and a few tractor trailers were blown over. One such accident in Salisbury resulted in one fatality. An estimated 25,000 to 30,000 customers were without power. On the backside (December 22nd), the combination of wraparound moisture from the departing storm and strong, moist upslope flow produced widespread 2 to 5 inches across much of central and northern Vermont. In the climatological favored western slope communities of the Green Mountains, 6 to 12 inches of snow occurred.

VTZ001>003-005> Eastern Addison - Eastern Chittenden - Eastern Franklin - Eastern Rutland - Grand Isle - Lamoille - 006-008>012-016> Orange - Orleans - Washington - Western Addison - Western Chittenden - Western Franklin - Western 019 Rutland - Windsor 26 2000EST 27 0000EST 0 0 225.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

VTZ004-007 Caledonia - Essex 27 0000EST 28 0300EST 0 0 20.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

Strong low pressure moved from the Tennessee River Valley on the morning of December 26th to near Long Island, New York by the morning of December 27th, then eventually moved into Nova Scotia by the early morning hours of December 28th.

217 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

VERMONT, North and Central

Snow overspread Vermont from south to north between between 8 pm and Midnight of December 26th and fell heavily at times (snowfall rate of 1-2 inches per hour) throughout the day before diminishing during the evening hours.

Snowfall accumulations of 12 to 18 inches were common. However lighter amounts of 6 to 10 inches were common in downslope, shadowing locations along the immediate western slopes of the southern Green Mountains and the Connecticut River Valley. Thankfully, school vacation and holiday closures resulted in limited disruption, yet still yielded numerous vehicle accidents. This was the first widespread snowfall of more than 6 inches since March 2011.

VTZ005-012-017> Eastern Addison - Eastern Chittenden - Eastern Rutland - Western Chittenden - Windsor 019 29 1000EST 30 0700EST 0 0 50.0K 0.00K Winter Storm

A vigorous mid-atmospheric disturbance and weak surface wave moved across the Ohio Valley on December 29th and rapidly intensified into a major Nor'easter across Nova Scotia by the morning of the 30th. Snow overspread portions of Vermont by early afternoon of the 29th and continued until midday on the 30th. The greatest intensity occurred during the evening in portions of southern Vermont and during the overnight along the western slopes of the Green Mountains in north central Vermont. Snowfall totals ranged 3 to 12 inches across the state with a general 6-10 inches across south-central Vermont (Rutland and Windsor counties) as well as along the western slopes of Addison and Chittenden counties.

VERMONT, South

VTZ013 Bennington 21 1158EST 1300EST 0 0 High Wind

An intense area of low pressure moved into the Great Lakes region on the evening of Thursday, December 20th. The storm's warm front extended into the Northeastern United States. Light precipitation occurred across southern Vermont during the overnight hours. Precipitation initially fell as snow, but transitioned to mixed precipitation and eventually to a plain rain. Minor accumulations of snow and sleet occurred with reports from a trace up to 4.8 inches. As the storm lifted into southern Canada, the storm's cold front approached the region on the morning of Friday, December 21st. Very strong east to southeast winds were present aloft ahead of this front as it moved towards southern Vermont. A few breaks in the clouds allowed for some of these strong winds to reach the surface across Bennington County causing some damage to trees. The threat for strong winds ended with the passage of the cold front by midday on Friday the 21st. Winds switched to a westerly direction at lower speeds for the afternoon hours.

26 1900EST 0 0 Winter Storm 27

VTZ014 Western Windham 26 1930EST 27 1900EST 0 0 Winter Storm

VTZ015 Eastern Windham 26 2000EST 27 1900EST 0 0 Winter Weather

Low pressure organized on Christmas Day over the Deep South, producing widespread rain and severe weather across the Gulf Coast Region. As this storm lifted northward on Christmas Night, a secondary area of low pressure developed along the mid- Atlantic coastline. This secondary low become the dominant storm center and moved northeast towards Long Island. This storm then continued northeast across southeastern New England before lifting towards the Canadian Maritimes. Snow, heavy at times, fell across much of southern Vermont from the evening of the 26th into the day on the 27th. Total storm snowfall amounts varied greatly from just a few inches in downsloped valley areas to 27 inches in the Green Mountains. In addition, southeast winds were strong and gusty, especially across the high terrain. Woodford gusted to 43 mph and Bennington Airport gusted to 46 mph. This storm resulted in very slow travel during the holiday season, especially on the evening of the 26th and morning on the 27th.

218 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

VERMONT, South VTZ013>015 Bennington - Eastern Windham - Western Windham 29 0730EST 30 0030EST 0 0 Winter Weather

On the heels of a bigger snowstorm, a light to moderate snowfall occurred across the region on Saturday, December 29th, 2012. An area of low pressure developed along the coast of North Carolina and moved northeastward off the Eastern Seaboard. Although the storm passed well to the south, an upper level disturbance associated with the storm allowed for light snow to occur throughout the day. With temperatures cold across the entire area, the precipitation remained entirely in the form of snow. Most areas across southern Vermont reported between 3 and 6 inches of snow, with the highest totals across the high terrain of the southern Green Mountains.

VIRGINIA, East

VAZ099 Accomack 21 0500EST 1200EST 0 0 150.0K 0.00K Coastal Flood

A rapidly deepening low pressure system moved northeast from western North Carolina into eastern Pennsylvania from the evening of December 20th, into the morning of December 21st. This drove a strong southeast wind with frequent gale force gusts over the Chesapeake Bay, which allowed water to flow up the Bay during the late evening and early overnight hours. The passage of a cold front around 5-6 am EST produced an abrupt wind shift to the west, which pushed water into the inlets on the western side of the Delmarva. Due to the very strong winds, moderate to severe coastal flooding was observed across portions of Accomack county.

VIRGINIA, Extreme Southwest

VAZ006-008 Russell - Washington 20 1200EST 2000EST 0 0 11.0K 0.00K High Wind

A cold front tracked across the region producing high non-thunderstorm wind across the area. The strongest wind occurred across the higher elevations where most of the wind damage was reported. Several trees were downed by the high wind.

26 0500EST 1100EST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K High Wind

VAZ008 Washington 26 0500EST 1100EST 0 0 10.0K 0.00K High Wind

A deep area of low pressure produced high non-thunderstorm wind over the area on the 26th. The highest wind were across the mountains where the damaging wind were reported. Several trees were downed by the high wind.

VIRGINIA, North

VAZ040-042-052> Arlington - Fairfax - Loudoun - Northern Fauquier - Prince William - Rappahannock - Southern Fauquier 054-501>502 02 0015EST 0951EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

High pressure was moving off the Mid Atlantic coast overnight. Abundant low level moisture and light winds contributed to fog development across the region.

VAZ042-050-052> Arlington - Fairfax - King George - Loudoun - Orange - Prince William - Stafford 055-057 09 2155EST 10 0752EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

VAZ036>039 Albemarle - Greene - Madison - Nelson 10 0553EST 0825EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

219 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

VIRGINIA, North

High pressure across most of the Northeast and Mid Atlantic led to the development of dense fog across the region. Light winds and saturated low levels aided in fog development.

VAZ028-031-037> Albemarle - Clarke - Culpeper - Fairfax - Frederick - Greene - Loudoun - Madison - Northern Fauquier - 039-042-050>053- Orange - Prince William - Southern Fauquier 501>502 17 0352EST 0410EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

High pressure across most of the Northeast and Mid Atlantic led to the development of dense fog across the region. Light winds and saturated low levels aided in fog development.

VAZ503 Western Highland 21 1600EST 22 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

Intensifying low pressure over the Great Lakes with an associated cold front brought below freezing temperatures and snow to the Potomac Highlands. Windy northwest flow behind the cold front produced upslope snow showers and blizzard conditions.

VAZ504 Eastern Highland 21 2155EST 22 1055EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

VAZ503 Western Highland 21 2155EST 22 1055EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

VAZ038-040 Greene - Rappahannock 22 0200EST 1500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

VAZ029-039 Madison - Page 22 0200EST 1500EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Strong low pressure was located over New England. A tight pressure gradient was located across the Mid Atlantic region that led to strong northwest winds to mix down to the surface especially higher elevations like the Allegany Front.

VAZ027-030>031- Clarke - Frederick - Loudoun - Shenandoah - Warren 042 24 1100EST 1800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Low pressure moved up the Ohio Valley and precipitation overspread the region. Warm air aloft moved over cold air at the surface and resulted in snow west of the Blue Ridge and in Northern Maryland. Temperatures were warm enough for rain east of the Blue Ridge and south of Baltimore city including Washington DC metro.

VAZ042-501 Loudoun - Northern Fauquier 24 2106EST 25 0950EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

VAZ025>031-036> Albemarle - Augusta - Clarke - Culpeper - Frederick - Greene - Madison - Nelson - Orange - Page - Prince 040-050>052-055- William - Rappahannock - Rockingham - Shenandoah - Southern Fauquier - Stafford - Warren 502 25 0115EST 0935EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

220 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

VIRGINIA, North

High pressure was located over the Atlantic Ocean and an upper trough of low pressure moved into the Ohio Valley. Flow between the exiting high and approaching low pressure caused onshore flow to develop that led to dense fog across the Mid Atlantic.

VAZ025>027-036> Albemarle - Augusta - Eastern Highland - Greene - Nelson - Rockingham - Shenandoah - Western 038-503>504 Highland 26 0400EST 2100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

VAZ503 Western Highland 26 0700EST 27 0000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

VAZ028>031-039> Clarke - Culpeper - Fairfax - Frederick - Loudoun - Madison - Northern Fauquier - Page - Prince William 040-042-051>053- - Rappahannock - Southern Fauquier - Warren 501>502 26 0700EST 27 1300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Parent low pressure moved up the Tennessee Valley towards the Mid Atlantic. As precipitation moved over the area, surface temperatures were below freezing and a wintery mix of sleet and freezing rain occurred. Low pressure continued to intensify across the Mid Atlantic and onward to New England. Wrap around moisture produced heavy snow showers in the higher elevations.

VAZ030-503 Warren - Western Highland 29 0400EST 30 1300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Low pressure developed near Mississippi and moved northeast and across the Mid Atlantic. A secondary low formed off the Carolina coast and moved northeast. A wintery mix of rain and snow moved across the Mid Atlantic. Surface temperatures were above freezing which led to rain south and east of I-95. Snow did accumulate across parts of Northern Maryland and the panhandle of WV.

VIRGINIA, Southwest

VAZ007 Tazewell 20 0730EST 1250EST 0 0 0.5K 0.00K High Wind

VAZ011-032 Giles - Patrick 21 0438EST 1521EST 0 0 16.0K 0.00K High Wind

An intense upper low was rotating through the mid-Atlantic region during the period. An equally intense surface low and occluded front was located across the eastern Ohio valley. As the low pressure area approached the region from the west early on the 20th, very strong, gusty southeast winds developed across the higher elevations of southwest Virginia and northwest North Carolina. This resulted in some minor tree damage in Tazewell county Virginia. As the system moved to the north and east of the region, very strong, gusty northwest winds developed and persisted for an extended period across the western part of the Blacksburg forecast area from late on the afternoon of the 21st through much of the 22nd. However, the strongest winds, with gusts of 50 to 65 mph in southwest Virginia and northwest North Carolina, occurred during the late evening hours of the 21st and the early morning hours of the 22nd. Winds gusts of 40 to 50 mph were common. The strong upslope winds also resulted in a persistent snowfall across the upslope areas of the Alleghanys through southwest West Virginia and the mountains of northwest North Carolina.

Below is a sample of some of the highest wind gusts recorded from southwest Virginia counties. If no data is given, the county either did not have winds exceeding 35 mph or did not have a wind reporting station.

221 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

VIRGINIA, Southwest

Bath county (HSP AWOS, 12/21/12, 955 pm EST) - 59 mph Bedford county (4SSE Buchanan, 12/22/12, 752 am EST) - 41 mph, Botetourt county (6W Fincastle, 12,21,12, 1035 pm EST) - 39 mph, Carroll county (Galax AWOS, 12/22,12, 135 am EST) - 43 mph, Franklin county (3SSW Stewartsville, 12/22/12, 325 am EST) - 39 mph, Henry county (MTV AWOS, 12/22/12, 335 am EST) - 35 mph, Montgomery county (BCB AWOS, 12/22/12, 455 am EST) - 54 mph, Pittsylvania county (3E Mountain Valley, 12/22/12, 312 am EST) - 35 mph, Pulaski county (PSK AWOS, 12/22/12, 255 am EST) - 47 mph, Radford city (2SSE Walton, 12/21/12, 1039 pm EST) - 38 mph, Roanoke city (ROA ASOS, 12/21/12, 1054 pm EST) - 47 mph Roanoke county (Bent Mountain, 12/21/12, 1117 pm EST) - 49 mph, Rockbridge county (6SSE Millboro, 12/22/12, 514 am EST) - 40 mph, Smyth county (MKJ AWOS, 12/21/12, 1035 pm EST) - 58 mph, Wythe county (2E Wytheville, 12/21/12, 1047 pm EST) - 46 mph.

VAZ016 Carroll 21 1600EST 22 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

An intense upper low was rotating through the mid-Atlantic region during the period. An equally intense surface low and occluded front was located across the eastern Ohio valley. As the low pressure area moved to the northeast of the area, intensified, and slowed in northeastward movement, this resulted in an extended period of upslope northwesterly flow along the western slopes of the Alleghany and Blue Ridge mountains in southwest Virginia. While the snowfalls across this region were not nearly as significant as those observed across southeast West Virginia where up to a foot fell in some areas, one to three inch snow accumulations were common across the region. Listed below are the various snowfall reports received from the southwest corner of Virginia, mainly west of Interstate-77: Alleghany County (4E Covington) - 0.1 inch, Carroll County (6N Galax) - 1.0 inch, Giles county (Pearisburg) - 1.0 inch, Montgomery county (5NNE Blacksburg) - 0.25 inch, Grayson county (1S Independence) - 0.2 inch, Patrick county (5SW Meadows of Dan) - 0.1 inch, Smyth county (2ENE Marion) - 0.5 inch.

VAZ009-015-018- Bath - Bland - Botetourt - Craig - Grayson - Smyth 020-023 21 1700EST 2235EST 0 0 8.25K 0.00K High Wind

VAZ014 Montgomery 21 2235EST 22 0455EST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

VAZ019 Alleghany 21 2330EST 0 0 2.5K 0.00K High Wind

VAZ022-033-034 Bedford - Franklin - Roanoke 22 0400EST 1219EST 0 0 11.0K 0.00K High Wind

An intense upper low was rotating through the mid-Atlantic region during the period. An equally intense surface low and occluded front was located across the eastern Ohio valley. As the low pressure area approached the region from the west early on the 20th, very strong, gusty southeast winds developed across the higher elevations of southwest Virginia and northwest North Carolina. This resulted in some minor tree damage in Tazewell county Virginia. As the system moved to the north and east of the region, very strong, gusty northwest winds developed and persisted for an extended period across the western part of the Blacksburg forecast area from late on the afternoon of the 21st through much of the 22nd. However, the strongest winds, with gusts of 50 to 65 mph in southwest Virginia and northwest North Carolina, occurred during the late evening hours of the 21st and the early morning hours of the 22nd. Winds gusts of 40 to 50 mph were common. The strong upslope winds also resulted in a persistent snowfall across the upslope areas of the Alleghanys through southwest West Virginia and the mountains of northwest North Carolina.

Below is a sample of some of the highest wind gusts recorded from southwest Virginia counties. If no data is given, the county either did not have winds exceeding 35 mph or did not have a wind reporting station.

222 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

VIRGINIA, Southwest

Bath county (HSP AWOS, 12/21/12, 955 pm EST) - 59 mph Bedford county (4SSE Buchanan, 12/22/12, 752 am EST) - 41 mph, Botetourt county (6W Fincastle, 12,21,12, 1035 pm EST) - 39 mph, Carroll county (Galax AWOS, 12/22,12, 135 am EST) - 43 mph, Franklin county (3SSW Stewartsville, 12/22/12, 325 am EST) - 39 mph, Henry county (MTV AWOS, 12/22/12, 335 am EST) - 35 mph, Montgomery county (BCB AWOS, 12/22/12, 455 am EST) - 54 mph, Pittsylvania county (3E Mountain Valley, 12/22/12, 312 am EST) - 35 mph, Pulaski county (PSK AWOS, 12/22/12, 255 am EST) - 47 mph, Radford city (2SSE Walton, 12/21/12, 1039 pm EST) - 38 mph, Roanoke city (ROA ASOS, 12/21/12, 1054 pm EST) - 47 mph Roanoke county (Bent Mountain, 12/21/12, 1117 pm EST) - 49 mph, Rockbridge county (6SSE Millboro, 12/22/12, 514 am EST) - 40 mph, Smyth county (MKJ AWOS, 12/21/12, 1035 pm EST) - 58 mph, Wythe county (2E Wytheville, 12/21/12, 1047 pm EST) - 46 mph.

VAZ020-024 Bath - Rockbridge 26 0000EST 1225EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

VAZ012-014-018- Bedford - Craig - Montgomery - Wythe 034 26 0000EST 0700EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

VAZ032 Patrick 26 0200EST 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Ice Storm

VAZ011-017 Floyd - Giles 26 0400EST 0800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

An intense upper low and associated surface low tracked from the Tennessee Valley across southwest Virginia and Delmarva region from the 26th into the 27th. A variety of winter weather accompanied the system beginning late Christmas night and continuing into the 26th. Precipitation commenced just before midnight on Christmas Day across southwest Virginia in the form of snow and sleet as a warm front was advancing northeast from the southeast states. Many areas across southwest Virginia, southeast West Virginia, and the mountains of northwest North Carolina experienced one to two inches of snow and sleet accumulation Christmas night and into the early morning hours of the 26th as a wedge of cold air backed southwestward along the spine of the Appalachians. Toward daybreak on the 26th, however, as warm air aloft spread into the area from the southwest on the heels of a strong low-level jet, the sleet and snow changed to freezing rain. Significant ice accumulations, up to 0.25 inch or more, were reported from the Greenbrier Valley, the Alleghany Highlands, and parts of the Southern Shenandoah Valley of Virginia and nearby areas along the east facing slopes of the Blue Ridge. Here are some of the snow, sleet, and freezing rain accumulations reported across southwest and south central Virginia as of the morning of December 26th. Alleghany county (4E Covington) - 2.6 inches of snow, Bath county (Hot Springs) - 5.0 inches of snow, Bedford county (3SW Bedford) - 1.0 inch of snow, Covington City - 1.0 inch sleet, 0.25 inch ice accumulation, Craig county (1W New Castle) - 0.7 inch snow, 0.10 inch ice accumulation, Floyd county (5N Floyd) - 0.5 inch snow, 0.20 inch ice accumulation, Giles county (Pearisburg) - 0.10 inch ice accumulation, Montgomery county (Blacksburg) - 0.10 inch ice accumulation, (5NNE Blacksburg) - 2.5 inches snow/sleet, 0.10 inch accumulation, Patrick county (5SE Floyd) - 0.10 inch ice accumulation, Parick county (Meadows of Dan) - 0.40 inch ice accumulation, Roanoke county (Brookwood) - 0.5 inch snow, Rockbridge county (Goshen) - 3.0 inches of snow/sleet, 0.30 inch ice accumulation, Wythe county (Wytheville) - 0.5 inch of snow.

223 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

VIRGINIA, Southwest VAZ007-016-032 Carroll - Floyd - Patrick - Tazewell 26 0432EST 27 1030EST 0 0 35.5K 0.00K High Wind

A series of deep upper low pressure systems and associated intense surface lows tracked across the region during the last two weeks of December bringing winter weather and strong to high winds to southwest Virginia, southeast West Virginia, the adjacent Allegheny Highlands of Virginia, and northwest North Carolina. Several surface lows tracked from the week before Christmas through the final days of the year in a similar path from the Tennessee Valley across southwest Virginia and/or southeast West Virginia, then toward the mid-Atlantic region. As the surface low pressure areas intensified off the mid- Atlantic coast, very strong, gusty northwest winds developed across the region, especially across southwest Virginia and northwest North Carolina. Sustained winds of 25 to 35 mph with gusts in excess of 50 mph were common from the evening of the 26th through the early morning hours of the 27th. The strong winds blew down a number of trees, many onto power lines and some onto roads, resulting in scattered power outages throughout the region. Here are some sample wind gusts measured from various weather stations across southwest Virginia and the date/time that they occurred. Note, counties not listed either do not have reporting stations or had wind gusts reported or measured of less than 35 mph. Bedford County (4SSE Buchanan): 12/27/12, 512 am EST, 35 mph, Botetourt County (6W Fincastle): 12/27/12, 1215 am EST, 36 mph, Carroll County (HLX AWOS): 12/26/12, 1155 pm EST, 44 mph, Franklin County (3SW Moneta): 12/27/12, 813 am EST, 36 mph, Montgomery County (BCB AWOS): 12/27/12, 235 am EST, 48 mph, Pulaski County (PSK AWOS): 12/27/12, 1235 am EST, 41 mph, Roanoke City (ROA ASOS): 12/27/12, 454 am EST, 48 mph, Roanoke County (VDOT ROA): 12/27/12, 642 am EST, 36 mph, Rockbridge County (6SSE Millboro): 12/27/12, 459 am EST, 41 mph, Smyth County (Marion/Wytheville AWOS): 12/27/12, 155 am EST, 45 mph, Wythe County (VDOT 2E Wytheville): 12/27/12, 326 am EST, 45 mph.

VAZ023 Botetourt 26 1711EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather An intense upper low and associated surface low tracked from the Tennessee Valley across southwest Virginia and Delmarva region from the 26th into the 27th. A variety of winter weather accompanied the system beginning late Christmas night and continuing into the 26th. Precipitation commenced just before midnight on Christmas Day across southwest Virginia in the form of snow and sleet as a warm front was advancing northeast from the southeast states. Many areas across southwest Virginia, southeast West Virginia, and the mountains of northwest North Carolina experienced one to two inches of snow and sleet accumulation Christmas night and into the early morning hours of the 26th as a wedge of cold air backed southwestward along the spine of the Appalachians. Toward daybreak on the 26th, however, as warm air aloft spread into the area from the southwest on the heels of a strong low-level jet, the sleet and snow changed to freezing rain. Significant ice accumulations, up to 0.25 inch or more, were reported from the Greenbrier Valley, the Alleghany Highlands, and parts of the Southern Shenandoah Valley of Virginia and nearby areas along the east facing slopes of the Blue Ridge.

Here are some of the snow, sleet, and freezing rain accumulations reported across southwest and south central Virginia as of the morning of December 26th. Alleghany county (4E Covington) - 2.6 inches of snow, Bath county (Hot Springs) - 5.0 inches of snow, Bedford county (3SW Bedford) - 1.0 inch of snow, Covington City - 1.0 inch sleet, 0.25 inch ice accumulation, Craig county (1W New Castle) - 0.7 inch snow, 0.10 inch ice accumulation, Floyd county (5N Floyd) - 0.5 inch snow, 0.20 inch ice accumulation, Giles county (Pearisburg) - 0.10 inch ice accumulation, Montgomery county (Blacksburg) - 0.10 inch ice accumulation, (5NNE Blacksburg) - 2.5 inches snow/sleet, 0.10 inch accumulation, Patrick county (5SE Floyd) - 0.10 inch ice accumulation, Parick county (Meadows of Dan) - 0.40 inch ice accumulation, Roanoke county (Brookwood) - 0.5 inch snow, Rockbridge county (Goshen) - 3.0 inches of snow/sleet, 0.30 inch ice accumulation, Wythe county (Wytheville) - 0.5 inch of snow.

VAZ009-011-015 Giles - Grayson - Smyth 27 0300EST 0730EST 0 0 16.5K 0.00K High Wind

VAZ022 Roanoke 27 0700EST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

VAZ034 Bedford 27 0715EST 0 0 1.0K 0.00K High Wind

224 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

VIRGINIA, Southwest

A series of deep upper low pressure systems and associated intense surface lows tracked across the region during the last two weeks of December bringing winter weather and strong to high winds to southwest Virginia, southeast West Virginia, the adjacent Allegheny Highlands of Virginia, and northwest North Carolina. Several surface lows tracked from the week before Christmas through the final days of the year in a similar path from the Tennessee Valley across southwest Virginia and/or southeast West Virginia, then toward the mid-Atlantic region. As the surface low pressure areas intensified off the mid- Atlantic coast, very strong, gusty northwest winds developed across the region, especially across southwest Virginia and northwest North Carolina. Sustained winds of 25 to 35 mph with gusts in excess of 50 mph were common from the evening of the 26th through the early morning hours of the 27th. The strong winds blew down a number of trees, many onto power lines and some onto roads, resulting in scattered power outages throughout the region. Here are some sample wind gusts measured from various weather stations across southwest Virginia and the date/time that they occurred. Note, counties not listed either do not have reporting stations or had wind gusts reported or measured of less than 35 mph.

Bedford County (4SSE Buchanan): 12/27/12, 512 am EST, 35 mph, Botetourt County (6W Fincastle): 12/27/12, 1215 am EST, 36 mph, Carroll County (HLX AWOS): 12/26/12, 1155 pm EST, 44 mph, Franklin County (3SW Moneta): 12/27/12, 813 am EST, 36 mph, Montgomery County (BCB AWOS): 12/27/12, 235 am EST, 48 mph, Pulaski County (PSK AWOS): 12/27/12, 1235 am EST, 41 mph, Roanoke City (ROA ASOS): 12/27/12, 454 am EST, 48 mph, Roanoke County (VDOT ROA): 12/27/12, 642 am EST, 36 mph, Rockbridge County (6SSE Millboro): 12/27/12, 459 am EST, 41 mph, Smyth County (Marion/Wytheville AWOS): 12/27/12, 155 am EST, 45 mph, Wythe County (VDOT 2E Wytheville): 12/27/12, 326 am EST, 45 mph.

WASHINGTON, Northeast

WAZ035>038-041> East Slopes Northern Cascades - Northeast Mountains - Okanogan Highlands - Okanogan Valley - 044 Spokane Area - Upper Columbia Basin - Waterville Plateau - Wenatchee Area 16 1600PST 17 0700PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A potent winter storm slammed into the Pacific Northwest from the evening hours of December 16th through sunset on December 17th. The surface low reached a peak intensity of 973 millibars while crossing into Northwestern Washington before gradually weakening and tracking east, northeast along the Canadian Border. Strong isentropic ascent coupled with orographic flow resulted in heavy wet snow across the East Slopes of the Washington Cascades Sunday evening which shifted into Northeastern Washington overnight into Monday morning. A strong low-level jet on the eastern periphery of the low ushered a tongue of warm air into Eastern Washington overnight. This lead from a transition of heavy snow to rain for most locations between Grand Coulee and Spokane. Snowfall amounts along the Highway 2 corridor from Spokane to Wenatchee ranged from two to six inches. Snowfall totals across the The East Slopes of the Washington Cascades and northern mountains ranged from six to thirteen inches in the valleys to over a foot in the mountains. Strong winds also accompanied this storm. The combination of gusty winds and heavy wet snow lead to numerous downed trees in the East Slopes of the Cascades resulting in several road closures and numerous power outages. The strongest winds were experienced across the West Plains, Palouse, Columbia Basin, and Northeast Mountains. The winds knocked down a pair of large trees in the Spokane Area and snapped numerous tree limbs resulting in 7300 power outages.

WAZ042 East Slopes Northern Cascades 17 0000PST 25 1600PST 0 0 5.6M 0.00K Winter Weather

Several rounds of heavy snow fell across the East Slopes of the Washington Cascades between December 16th and the 24th. The most significant accumulations occurred with two storm systems; one which moved through the region during the 16th and 17th and second during the 19th and 20th. These storm systems were addressed in Episodes 69455 and 70424. Additionally, a Puget Sound Convergence Zone materialized on the afternoon of the 17th dumping an additional foot of snow over the Lake Wenatchee and Plain areas. Over the seven day period, cumulative snow amounts were as followed: Plain 39.1 inches, Winthrop 28.3 inches, Mazama 36.7 inches, and Holden Village 49.6 inches. The weight of the snow combined with gusty winds on the 17th resulted in several downed trees. As snow continued to fall over the next few days, the weight of the snow brought down hundreds of trees which sporadically fell from the 17th through the 24th. County officials and utility companies were overwhelmed by the amount of power line damage and tree removal necessary and were forced to delay cleanup and repair operations because of unsafe conditions. The hundreds of downed trees resulted in 3800 power outages, road closures, damage to vehicles, buildings, and utility infrastructure. Several trees fell on moving cars resulting in at least nine injuries and two deaths. A majority of the problems occurred within the communities of Lake Wenatchee, Plain, Leavenworth, and along Highway 2 between Leavenworth and Stevens Pass. It is not uncommon for these locations to experience several days of heavy snow. What made this event unusual was a combination of factors. Most important was the temperatures over the entire period which ranged between 28 and 33 Fahrenheit. Thermal profiles in this range allowed the snow to efficiently stick to the trees. Secondly, the area never experienced a deep freeze prior to the event. The unfrozen ground was uanble to hold the trees in place and left the trees vulnerable to snow loading. Lastly, the combination of the first storm system and local convergence zone brought over two feet of snow within the first 24 to 48 hours followed by an additional foot over the next few days and the lack of winds following the 17th brought no means to blow the snow off the trees.

225 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WASHINGTON, Northeast

Vehicles make their way along the Chumstick Highway north of Plain on Monday, passing under drooping lines and downed trees. Photo courtesy of Mike Bonnicksen from Wenatchee World.

WAZ032-033 Lower Garfield & Asotin - Washington Palouse 17 0530PST 1600PST 0 0 7.0K 0.00K High Wind

WAZ037 Northeast Mountains 17 0700PST 0900PST 0 0 1.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

WAZ036 Spokane Area 17 0800PST 0900PST 0 0 4.0K 0.00K High Wind

A potent winter storm slammed into the Pacific Northwest from the evening hours of December 16th through sunset on December 17th. The surface low reached a peak intensity of 973 millibars while crossing into Northwestern Washington before gradually weakening and tracking east, northeast along the Canadian Border. Strong isentropic ascent coupled with orographic flow resulted in heavy wet snow across the East Slopes of the Washington Cascades Sunday evening which shifted into Northeastern Washington overnight into Monday morning. A strong low-level jet on the eastern periphery of the low ushered a tongue of warm air into Eastern Washington overnight. This lead from a transition of heavy snow to rain for most locations between Grand Coulee and Spokane. Snowfall amounts along the Highway 2 corridor from Spokane to Wenatchee ranged from two to six inches. Snowfall totals across the The East Slopes of the Washington Cascades and northern mountains ranged from six to thirteen inches in the valleys to over a foot in the mountains. Strong winds also accompanied this storm. The combination of gusty winds and heavy wet snow lead to numerous downed trees in the East Slopes of the Cascades resulting in several road closures and numerous power outages. The strongest winds were experienced across the West Plains, Palouse, Columbia Basin, and Northeast Mountains. The winds knocked down a pair of large trees in the Spokane Area and snapped numerous tree limbs resulting in 7300 power outages.

226 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WASHINGTON, Northeast

A large Blue Spruce downed on Spokane's South Hill from high winds. Photo taken at Ninth Avenue between Perry and Altamont courtesy of Jonathan Brunt.

WAZ036>038-042> East Slopes Northern Cascades - Northeast Mountains - Okanogan Highlands - Okanogan Valley - 043 Spokane Area 19 0500PST 20 0700PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A strong and wet winter system brought widespread moderate to heavy snow to much of the Inland northwest late afternoon December 19th through midday on the 20th. The heaviest snow fell along and north of the Highway 2 corridor where numerous valleys picked up between four and eight inches. The mountains saw between eight and fourteen inches. The most impressive amount came from Holden Village located near the crest of the Northern Cascades, which received 24 inches of snow.

WAZ033 Washington Palouse 23 1700PST 24 1300PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A potent and quick moving low pressure system tracked through the Inland NW during the overnight periods of December 23rd through the afternoon of December 24th. A band of heavy snow that developed along the northern periphery of the low brought heavy snow accumulations to portions of the Washington Palouse including the communities of Pullman, Colfax, and Saint John.

WASHINGTON, Northwest

WAZ519 West Slopes Central Cascades and Passes 01 1500PST 02 1600PST 0 0 Heavy Snow

A Pacific frontal system brought heavy snow to the mountains, especially the central Washington Cascades.

WAZ518-519 West Slopes Central Cascades and Passes - West Slopes Northern Cascades and Passes

02 1600PST 03 0900PST 0 0 0.00K Heavy Snow

An unusually vigorous Puget Sound Convergence Zone produced heavy snow at Stevens Pass in the Cascades.

05 2100PST 07 1500PST 0 0 Heavy Snow

227 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WASHINGTON, Northwest WAZ519 West Slopes Central Cascades and Passes 06 0200PST 07 1500PST 0 0 Heavy Snow

A strong Pacific frontal system and the convergence zone that formed in its wake produced a prolonged period of heavy snow in the Cascades.

WAZ518-519 West Slopes Central Cascades and Passes - West Slopes Northern Cascades and Passes

07 2000PST 08 0900PST 0 0 Heavy Snow

An exceptionally vigorous Puget Sound Convergence Zone produced very heavy snow at Stevens Pass.

15 0800PST 18 0400PST 0 0 Heavy Snow

WAZ519 West Slopes Central Cascades and Passes 15 1200PST 17 1500PST 0 0 Heavy Snow

WAZ513 Olympics 16 1200PST 0 0 Heavy Snow 17 A strong Pacific frontal system brought a prolonged period of widespread heavy snow to the Olympics and Cascade Mountains. A tow truck driver was killed when a car slid out of control on a snowy road near Snoqualmie Pass.

Snohomish County Everett 16 1325PST 1335PST 0 0 50.00K 0.00K Debris Flow

Seven freight cars were knocked off the tracks by a mudslide near Everett.

Seven freight cars were knocked off the tracks by a mudslide near Everett. After each mudslide, passenger trains must wait 48 hours before resuming travel. Due to a wet December and several small slides, passenger service on the route from Everett to Seattle has been cancelled more times than in any previous year. No passenger trains ran from Dec 18th through Jan 2nd. Over the month just over a million dollars had been spent cleaning up the route.

WAZ504 Southwest Interior 17 0100PST 0700PST 0 0 50.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

WAZ516-517 Central Coast - North Coast 17 0124PST 0350PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

WAZ509 Tacoma Area 17 0200PST 0800PST 0 0 40.0K 0.00K Strong Wind

WAZ508 Seattle/Bremerton Area 17 0453PST 0653PST 0 0 50.0K 0.00K High Wind

December 17--strong onshore flow prompted a number of warnings. Only a few of the warnings verified. About 15000 customers lost power in King, Pierce and Thurston counties.

228 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WASHINGTON, Northwest San Juan County 7 W Friday Harbor 18 1530PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Funnel Cloud

An unconfirmed funnel cloud lasting less than a minute was spotted on the west side of San Juan Island.

An unconfirmed funnel cloud lasting less than a minute was seen on the west side of San Juan Island.

WAZ513-518-519 Olympics - West Slopes Central Cascades and Passes - West Slopes Northern Cascades and Passes

19 0400PST 20 1600PST 0 0 Heavy Snow

A Pacific frontal system brought heavy snow to the Olympics and Cascades.

WAZ001-503 San Juan - Western Whatcom 19 0906PST 1710PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

December 19--a marginal high wind event in western Whatcom county and the San Juans.

WAZ511 Hood Canal Area 25 0400PST 1500PST 0 0 Heavy Snow

Cold air near at the surface and an incoming front produced local heavy snow over the Kitsap Peninsula portion of the Hood Canal Area.

WASHINGTON, Southeast

WAZ030-520 East Slopes Of The Washington Cascades - Northwest Blue Mountains

07 0800PST 0830PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Increased moisture and prolonged northwest flow assisted in significant spill over snow along the East Slopes of the Washington Cascades and the Blue Mountains, with Snoqualmie Pass, Easton, south of Cle Elum, and Ski Bluewood being the heaviest hit areas. These were 48 hour warnings due to the fact that there were little breaks and there was no real way to separate one system from another. Snowfall amounts in inches include: Lake Kaches reported (6) in 12 hours, west of Lake Kaches reported (12) in 24 hours, Touchet Snotel reported (10) in 24 hours, Ski Bluewood reported (8) in 12 hours, and (10) in 24 hours and a 48 hour storm total of (24), and a spotter 16 miles south of Cle Elum reported (6) in 12 hours. Additionally Washington State Patrol was contacted and noted that out of 133 auto incidents on I-90 between Easton and Cle Elum over the past 24 hours, 93 of them were determined to be weather related. The officer went on to note that there was (24) inches of new snow near the Cascade crest.

16 1930PST 17 1000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

WAZ026-027 Kittitas Valley - Yakima Valley 16 2100PST 17 0000PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A strong weather system moved across the interior Pacific Northwest, producing heavy snow along the Cascade East Slopes and adjacent valleys. Areas that reported heavy snow measured in inches: Trout Lake (9), West Valley (8.5), SE of Cliffdell (9), 5 miles WSW of Yakima (6.2), 4 SSW Kittitas (5), 1 SW Ellensburg (5.5), Ellensburg (4.5), 3 NW Selah (7.5), 6 W Fruitvale (8.5), and 2 WSW Ellensburg (6).

229 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WASHINGTON, Southeast WAZ028-029 Blue Mountain Foothills - Lower Columbia Basin 17 0210PST 1400PST 0 0 560.0K 0.00K High Wind

A strong Pacific storm system brought a mixture of weather and high winds to the lower elevations. Several reports of high wind gusts and damage came in from the Tri-Cities area, as this was the area hit hardest. Reports of damage and wind gusts in MPH include: Shingles blown off of a roof 4 NE of Kennewick, 14 NNW of West Richland (72 ), Barricade Mesonet (58), 12 NW of West Richland (69), Benton City (83), Hanford (66), Richland Airport (76), 3 WNW Kennewick (63), Pasco Airport (70), 5 ENE Prosser (62), 6 S Touchet (58), 6 NNW Walla Walla a trained spotter measured gust (60) and reported tree branches 2-4 in diameter down, along with power out at the Walla Walla watershed and Mill Creek Dam, and trees and power lines down near Dayton.

WAZ520 East Slopes Of The Washington Cascades 19 1130PST 20 1400PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Another strong Pacific storm moved into the interior Pacific Northwest, bringing heavy snow and strong winds to the region. Snowfall amounts reported in inches include Trout Lake (14) and SSE Easton (11).

WAZ029 Blue Mountain Foothills 20 0325PST 1500PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Southeast pressure gradients produced very strong winds across the foothills of the Washington Blue Mountains. Several reports of high wind in MPH and damage including: A power outage due to wind in the Dayton and Pomeroy left over 4000 residents without power for several hours, wind gust of (58) 4 ESE College Place, wind gust of (636) at Walla Walla Airport, and a windmill on a farm was damaged with blades bent and broken.

WAZ030 Northwest Blue Mountains 24 0900PST 1400PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A trough of low pressure moved through the area Christmas Eve and brought heavy snow to the mountains of northeast Oregon. Snowfall amounts in inches include (17) at Ski Bluewood and (19) at the Touchet SNOTEL.

WAZ024-026-520> East Columbia River Gorge - East Slopes Of The Washington Cascades - Kittitas Valley - Simcoe 521 Highlands - Yakima Valley 25 1120PST 1800PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A strong Pacific storm system brought snow to most of eastern Washington on Christmas day. Several areas received moderate to heavy snow. Snowfall measured in inches include: (4) 1 mile WNW of White Salmon, (4) 9 miles WSW of Yakima, (5) 3 miles SE of BZ Corner, (9.5) 1 mile SSW of Snowden, (4) just WSW of Bickleton, (5) 8 miles NE of Goldendale, (8) 1 mile north of Trout Lake, (4) 2 miles NNW of Tieton, (5) 5 miles WNW of Wiley City, (4) 1 mile NNW of Thorp, (4.5) 4 miles SSW of Kittitas, (6) 1 mile SW of Goldendale, (7.5) 2 miles NNW of Goldendale, (9.5) 12 miles NE of Appleton, and (8) 1 mile South of Goldendale.

230 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WASHINGTON, Southwest WAZ021 South Coast 04 0130PST 0300PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong Pacific cold front brought strong southerly winds to the South Washington Coast.

WAZ019 West Slopes Southern Cascades and Passes 16 1000PST 17 1800PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A cold air mass moved over the forecast area following a Pacific cold front...resulting in significant snowfall in the Cascades.

WAZ020-039 South Coast - Southwest Interior - Vancouver Area 16 1545PST 17 0200PST 0 0 100.0K 0.00K High Wind

A strong low pressure system brought strong southerly winds to portions of Southwest Washington.

WAZ019-023 West Columbia River Gorge - West Slopes Southern Cascades and Passes

19 0400PST 20 2200PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Cold air trapped in the Columbia River Gorge combined with an incoming Pacific low pressure system brought heavy snowfall to the Gorge and South Washington Cascades.

WAZ021 South Coast 19 0645PST 1325PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong Pacific cold front brought strong southerly winds to the south Washington Coast.

WAZ023-040 Southern Cascade Foothills - West Columbia River Gorge 25 0500PST 1200PST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A cold air mass moved over the forecast area following a Pacific cold front...resulting in significant snowfall across portions of Southwest Washington.

WEST VIRGINIA, East

WVZ051>053 Berkeley - Jefferson - Morgan 02 0150EST 0950EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

High pressure was moving off the Mid Atlantic coast overnight. Abundant low level moisture and light winds contributed to fog development across the region.

08 0608EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

WVZ053 Jefferson 08 0608EST 0808EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

A surface trough was draped across the Mid Atlantic from the panhandle of WV through North-Central Maryland and Northern Virginia and then Southern Maryland. Fog persisted along the I-95 corridor through the daytime and dense fog continued overnight especially for areas along and near the Chesapeake Bay.

WVZ050>053-502- Berkeley - Eastern Grant - Eastern Mineral - Hampshire - Jefferson - Morgan 504 10 0218EST 1008EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

231 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WEST VIRGINIA, East

High pressure across most of the Northeast and Mid Atlantic led to the development of dense fog across the region. Light winds and saturated low levels aided in fog development.

18 0012EST 0530EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

WVZ051>053 Berkeley - Jefferson - Morgan 18 0112EST 0550EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Dense Fog

Onshore flow continued in the Mid Atlantic region as high pressure continued to move off the coast. Areas in northeast Maryland and along the Chesapeake Bay had fog throughout the day. Moisture continued to move inland and impacted areas in Northern Maryland and the panhandle of WV.

WVZ501-503-505 Western Grant - Western Mineral - Western Pendleton 21 1600EST 22 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

Intensifying low pressure over the Great Lakes with an associated cold front brought below freezing temperatures and snow to the Potomac Highlands. Windy northwest flow behind the cold front produced upslope snow showers and blizzard conditions.

WVZ505-506 Eastern Pendleton - Western Pendleton 21 2155EST 22 1055EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Strong low pressure was located over New England. A tight pressure gradient was located across the Mid Atlantic region that led to strong northwest winds to mix down to the surface especially higher elevations like the Allegany Front.

WVZ050>053-055 Berkeley - Hampshire - Hardy - Jefferson - Morgan 24 1200EST 1900EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Low pressure moved up the Ohio Valley and precipitation overspread the region. Warm air aloft moved over cold air at the surface and resulted in snow west of the Blue Ridge and in Northern Maryland. Temperatures were warm enough for rain east of the Blue Ridge and south of Baltimore city including Washington DC metro.

WVZ501-503 Western Grant - Western Mineral 26 0400EST 27 0000EST 0 0 Winter Storm

WVZ506 Eastern Pendleton 26 0400EST 27 0000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

WVZ050>052-055- Berkeley - Eastern Grant - Eastern Mineral - Hampshire - Hardy - Morgan - Western Pendleton 502-504>505 26 0700EST 27 0000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

WVZ053 Jefferson 26 0700EST 27 0000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Parent low pressure moved up the Tennessee Valley towards the Mid Atlantic. As precipitation moved over the area, surface temperatures were below freezing and a wintery mix of sleet and freezing rain occurred. Low pressure continued to intensify across the Mid Atlantic and onward to New England. Wrap around moisture produced heavy snow showers in the higher elevations.

232 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WEST VIRGINIA, East WVZ051-501-503- Berkeley - Morgan - Western Grant - Western Mineral - Western Pendleton 505 29 0400EST 1300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Low pressure developed near Mississippi and moved northeast and across the Mid Atlantic. A secondary low formed off the Carolina coast and moved northeast. A wintery mix of rain and snow moved across the Mid Atlantic. Surface temperatures were above freezing which led to rain south and east of I-95. Snow did accumulate across parts of Northern Maryland and the panhandle of WV.

WEST VIRGINIA, North

WVZ023-041 Preston - Tucker 21 1100EST 22 1500EST 0 0 0.00K Heavy Snow

A strong low pressure moving across the Ohio valley swept a cold front through the region late on the 20th of December. Some freezing rain was reported in the higher elevations in northern West Virginia where temperatures struggled to rise above freezing. Several accidents were reported on interstate 68 in both Garrett and Preston counties with freezing rain and snow, prompting the closure of the interstate in Garrett county on the 20th. In addition, strong winds brought down several trees in Tucker county. Cold northwest flow behind the front then allowed for a period of up-slope and lake enhanced snow to continue through the 22nd. Snow amounts of 12-14 inches were reported in the West Virginia mountains; 7-8 inches in the ridges of Westmoreland and Fayette counties in Pennsylvania; and 2-6 inches were reported over other portions of western Pennsylvania, the northern West Virginia lowlands, and eastern Ohio.

26 0500EST 2315EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

WVZ041 Tucker 26 0500EST 2315EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A surface low moving south of the region brought mixed precipitation and heavy snow to much of eastern Ohio, western Pennsylvania, northern West Virginia, and Garrett county Maryland on the 26th of December. Precipitation mainly started out as snow, sleet, or freezing rain but as a dry slot and warm air lifted northward, changed over to rain for southern portions of the region. Up to one half inch of ice was measured in Preston county in West Virginia and in Westmoreland and Fayette counties in Pennsylvania. The heaviest snow amounts of 8-14 inches were generally confined to an area north and south of Pittsburgh. A mix of sleet, freezing rain, and snow kept amounts lower at Pittsburgh and points south.

WVZ023-041 Preston - Tucker 29 0100EST 30 1300EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A fast moving surface low moving from the lower Mississippi Valley to the Ohio Valley brought a quick burst of snow and lingering up-slope snows, with the lagging upper level trough, to the northern West Virginia mountains and Garrett county Maryland. Snow amounts ranged from 7-14 inches in those locations with lower amounts of 2-5 inches recorded elsewhere.

WEST VIRGINIA, Southeast

WVZ045 Greenbrier 21 1900EST 22 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

WVZ043 Summers 21 2015EST 22 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

WVZ042 Mercer 21 2245EST 22 1030EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

233 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WEST VIRGINIA, Southeast

An intense upper low was rotating through the mid-Atlantic region during the period. An equally intense surface low and occluded front was located across the eastern Ohio valley. As the low pressure area moved to the northeast of the area, intensified, and slowed in northeastward movement. This resulted in an extended period of upslope northwesterly flow along the western slopes of the Alleghany mountains of West Virginia. Up to a foot of snow fell in northwest Greenbrier county around Quinwood, with 3 to 5 inch snowfall common across the remainder of southeast West Virginia.

Listed below are the various snowfall reports received from the southeast West Virginia counties within the Blacksburg, Virginia forecast area. Greenbrier county (Quinwood) - 12.0 inches Mercer county (South Bluefield) - 5.5 inches (1NNW Bluefield) - 5.0 inches (Princeton) - 3.0 inches Summers county (Hix) - 5.0 inches (Hinton) - 2.5 inches.

WVZ045 Greenbrier 26 0000EST 1100EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

WVZ044 Monroe 26 0000EST 1231EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

An intense upper low and associated surface low tracked from the Tennessee Valley across southwest Virginia and Delmarva region from the 26th into the 27th. A variety of winter weather accompanied the system beginning late Christmas night and continuing into the 26th. Precipitation commenced just before midnight on Christmas Day across southwest Virginia in the form of snow and sleet as a warm front was advancing northeast from the southeast states. Many areas across southwest Virginia, southeast West Virginia, and the mountains of northwest North Carolina experienced one to two inches of snow and sleet accumulation Christmas night and into the early morning hours of the 26th as a wedge of cold air backed southwestward along the spine of the Appalachians. Toward daybreak on the 26th, however, as warm air aloft spread into the area from the southwest on the heels of a strong low-level jet, the sleet and snow changed to freezing rain. Significant ice accumulations, up to 0.25 inch or more, were reported from the Greenbrier Valley, the Alleghany Highlands, and parts of the Southern Shenandoah Valley of Virginia and nearby areas along the east facing slopes of the Blue Ridge. Here are some of the snow, sleet, and freezing rain accumulations reported across southeast West Virginia as of the morning of December 26th. Greenbrier county (Smoot) - 0.25 inch of ice accumulation, (Auto) - 0.25 inch of ice accumulation, 3.5 inches of snow, Monroe county (Sweet Springs) - 2.0 inches of snow.

WVZ042-045 Greenbrier - Mercer 27 0800EST 0842EST 0 0 5.0K 0.00K High Wind

A series of deep upper low pressure systems and associated intense surface lows tracked across the region during the last two weeks of December bringing winter weather and strong to high winds to southwest Virginia, southeast West Virginia, the adjacent Allegheny Highlands of Virginia, and northwest North Carolina. Several surface lows tracked from the week before Christmas through the final days of the year in a similar path from the Tennessee Valley across southwest Virginia and/or southeast West Virginia, then toward the mid-Atlantic region. As the surface low pressure areas intensified off the mid- Atlantic coast, very strong, gusty northwest winds developed across the region, especially southwest Virginia and northwest North Carolina. Sustained winds of 25 to 35 mph with gusts in excess of 50 mph were common from the evening of the 26th through the early morning hours of the 27th. The strong winds blew down a number of trees, many onto power lines and some onto roads, resulting in scattered power outages throughout the region. Here are some sample wind gusts measured from various weather stations across southeast West Virginia and the date/time that they occurred. Note, counties not listed either do not have reporting stations or had wind gusts reported or measured of less than 35 mph. Greenbrier County (2NW Alvon): 12/27/12, 842 am EST, 59 mph, Mercer County (BLF ASOS): 12/27/12, 449 am EST, 49 mph.

234 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WEST VIRGINIA, West WVZ036>038-046> Fayette - Nicholas - Pocahontas - Randolph - Webster 047 21 0400EST 22 1130EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

A strong cold front swept through during the night of the 20th into the 21st. In its wake, wind blown snow showers, of varying intensity, formed during the predawn hours of Friday the 21st. A significant upslope snow shower episode occurred on the 21st into the morning of the 22nd for some of the mountainous counties. Temperatures were in the 20s, with some teens above 3500 feet. Wind gusts of 30 to 45 mph caused considerable blowing snow over high terrain. A few electric power outages occurred due to the wind gusts. Snow accumulations of 5 to 10 inches were common across Fayette, Nicholas, Webster, Pocahontas, and Randolph Counties. The maximum snow accumulation was around a foot. For example, the cooperative observer at Kumbrabow State Forest had a 12 inch accumulation. A spotter in Nettie of Nicholas County also reported a snow depth of 12 inches. Accumulations of 1 to 3 inches were common through the western lowland counties.

WVZ046 Pocahontas 26 0400EST 1800EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A strong low pressure system lifted northeast through West Virginia on the 26th. Strong southeast winds developed across the high mountainous terrain during the morning with some gusts over 40 mph. Snow developed during the predawn in the upper Greenbrier Valley, then became mixed with sleet and freezing rain during the day. Snow accumulations were 2 to 5 inches, with less than a tenth of an inch of ice.

WVZ036>040-046> Barbour - Fayette - Nicholas - Pocahontas - Randolph - Upshur - Webster 047 29 1800EST 30 1000EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A mixture of rain and snow fell early on the 29th in the mountainous counties, as a low pressure center lifted northeast into West Virginia. In its wake, favorable temperatures aloft for crystal growth allowed for an increase in snow showers by late afternoon. Snow accumulations of 3 to 6 inches were common overnight into mid morning on the 30th.

WISCONSIN, Northeast

WIZ005-010-018 Lincoln - Oneida - Vilas 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Severe drought (D2) conditions that developed in parts of Lincoln County, Oneida County and Vilas County in November 2012 continued into January 2013.

WIZ011>013-018> Brown - Calumet - Florence - Forest - Langlade - Lincoln - Manitowoc - Marathon - Menominee - 021-030>031-035> Northern Marinette - Northern Oconto - Outagamie - Portage - Shawano - Southern Marinette - Southern 039-045-048>050- Oconto - Waupaca - Waushara - Winnebago - Wood 073>074 20 0000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm 21 The largest winter storm in nearly two years affected much of Wisconsin with wet, heavy snow. Snowfalls of 8 to 12 inches fell across the central and northeast part of the state. The snow developed from low pressure which moved out of the southern Plains and into northeast Illinois. Strong winds in response to the deepening low gusted over 30 mph at times, but blowing snow was limited by the high water content. Some of the highest snowfall totals included 12.2 inches at Oshkosh (Winnebago Co.), 11.9 inches in Mosinee (Marathon Co.), 11.7 inches at Neenah (Winnebago Co.), 11.0 inches at Wisconsin Rapids (Wood Co.), 10.8 inches near Big Falls (Waupaca Co.), 10.6 inches at Coloma (Waushara Co.), 10.5 inches at Oconto (Oconto Co.) and Appleton (Outagamie Co.), 10.2 inches near Amherst (Portage Co.) and 10.1 inches at Green Bay (Brown Co.). The highest wind gusts during the storm included 45 mph at Green Bay, 41 mph at Marshfield (Wood Co.), 39 mph at Oshkosh and near Combined Locks (Outagamie Co.) and 38 mph at Manitowoc (Manitowoc Co.) and near Kimberly (Outagamie Co.).

235 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WISCONSIN, Northeast WIZ048-049 Calumet - Winnebago 28 1400CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow 29 Heavy snow fell in parts of east-central Wisconsin as an elongated area of low pressure passed through the state. Snowfall totals in the Fox Valley reached the 8 to 9 inch range, with 9.0 inches at Oshkosh (Winnebago Co.), 8.5 inches at Menasha (Winnebago Co.) and 8.1 inches at Darboy (Calumet Co.).

WISCONSIN, Northwest

WIZ001-004-006> Burnett - Douglas - Iron - Price - Sawyer - Washburn 009 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Drought

Severe drought (D2) conditions continued from far Western Douglas County, all of Burnett county, the southern half of Washburn County, extreme southern Sawyer County and most of Price County.

WIZ002-006>007 Ashland - Bayfield - Burnett - Washburn 09 0200CST 0600CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Snow slowly spread across northwestern Wisconsin as a low pressure system moved across central Wisconsin. Some snow amounts include 7 inches at Danbury and 9 to 10 inches in the Bayfield Peninsula and Sarona.

WIZ004 Iron 20 1600CST 2200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Heavy Snow

Lake effect snow caused about 10 inches of snow in northern Iron County. Two inches fell between 7 pm and 10 pm, then the snow quickly became very light.

WISCONSIN, Southeast

WIZ068>070-072 Green - Kenosha - Rock - Walworth 01 0000CST 0900CST 0 0 Dense Fog

Dense fog developed late in the overnight and last into the early morning hours of December 1st, reducing visibilities to 1/4 mile or less over parts of extreme southern Wisconsin. A stationary front over northern Illinois allowed boundary layer moisture to pool along and just north of the boundary, extending into far southern Wisconsin. The moisture was enhanced by an easterly flow off of Lake Michigan that spread west. Cooling overnight temperatures saturated the low layers, allowing for the dense fog formation.

WIZ046-056>057- Columbia - Dane - Green - Green Lake - Iowa - Lafayette - Marquette - Rock - Sauk 062>063-067>069 02 2100CST 03 0900CST 0 0 Dense Fog

WIZ051-058>060- Dodge - Fond Du Lac - Jefferson - Kenosha - Milwaukee - Ozaukee - Racine - Sheboygan - Walworth - 064>066-070>072 Washington - Waukesha 03 0100CST 1000CST 0 0 Dense Fog

An increasingly moist southeast flow into southern Wisconsin saturated the near-surface layer, which combined with cooling temperatures, brought dense fog to most of South Central Wisconsin during the late evening of December 2nd. The dense fog expanded to cover the remainder of southern Wisconsin during the overnight hours, with the low visibilities lasting until around 12 noon on December 3rd. Visibilities were reduced to 1/4 mile or less and some airplane flights were delayed at some airports.

WIZ046-051>052- Columbia - Dane - Dodge - Fond Du Lac - Green - Green Lake - Iowa - Jefferson - Marquette - Sauk - 056>059-062>064- Sheboygan - Washington 068 09 0600CST 1700CST 0 0 Winter Weather

236 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WISCONSIN, Southeast

A complex low pressure system brought the first significant snow of the 2012/2013 winter season to much of southern Wisconsin. A surface trough axis between two low pressure centers pivoted over southern Wisconsin...with the one low center to the west passing through southern Wisconsin along this trough and combining with the other low center east of the state. This pivoting trough axis became the focus of low level convergence beneath deeper vertical motions due to strong warm air advection and isentropic upglide. Locations along and northwest of a Sheboygan...West Bend...Fort Atkinson to Monroe line saw 3 to 4 inches of snow beginning early in the morning of December 9th and ending in the late afternoon.

16 0500CST 1000CST 0 0 Dense Fog

WIZ056>058 Columbia - Dodge - Sauk 16 0500CST 1000CST 0 0 Dense Fog

Light winds and abundant low level moisture led to the development of dense fog over northern sections of South Central Wisconsin and a small portion of Southeast Wisconsin during the overnight hours of December 16th. Increasing winds and drier air moving in with a cold front dissipated the fog before sunrise.

WIZ052-059-064> Jefferson - Ozaukee - Sheboygan - Washington - Waukesha 065 20 0200CST 21 0039CST 0 0 Winter Storm

A major winter storm brought impressive double-digit snowfall amounts to parts of Southeast Wisconsin. Winds gusted to between 40 and 45 mph during the peak of the storm, reducing visibilites to 1/4 mile on occasions...even in those areas that picked up only 2 to 4 inches of snow. Moderate drifting was reports with drifts of 2 to 4 feet in height. A number of side roads had difficult travel conditions as snow plows struggled with the drifting. A number of power-outages were reported due to the heavy wet snow and winds bringing down branches onto power lines. Maximum 2-Day snow totals in each county include 17 in Lake Mills (Jefferson Co.), 15 in Wayne (Washington Co.), an estimated 13 in extreme northwest Rock County, an estimated 12 in extreme southwest Sheboygan County, an estimated 10 in extreme northwest corners of both Ozaukee and Waukesha Counties, an estimated 8 inches in extreme north-central Walworth County, and an estimated 4 inches in extreme northwest Milwaukee County. This winter storm was triggered by a strong low pressure which tracked from southeast Kansas to near Chicago the evening of December 20th...reaching the southern tip of Lake Huron by the morning of December 21st. Warm air wrapping into the system initially brought rain into Southeast Wisconsin before changing over to all snow. A new daily rainfall record was set at Milwaukee ahead of the change-over to snow. Milwaukee recorded 2.16 inches of rain and liquid equivalent precipitation on Thursday, December 20th, which broke the previous record of 1.48 inches, set in 1977. In general, rain amounts of 1.50 to over 2.00 inches were reported southeast of a line from Ozaukee County to Walworth County, caused water levels in most rivers and streams to rise to near bank-full or bank-full. However, flood stages were not reached, due to the snow and colder temperatures halting runoff.

WIZ046-051-056> Columbia - Dane - Dodge - Fond Du Lac - Green - Green Lake - Iowa - Lafayette - Marquette - Rock - 058-062>063-067> Sauk 069 20 1000CST 21 0039CST 0 0 Blizzard

237 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WISCONSIN, Southeast

A blizzard brought record double-digit snowfall to much of South-Central and a portion of Southeast Wisconsin. Winds gusted to between 40 and 48 mph during the peak of the storm...bringing near-zero visibilities and severe drifting across the region. Major highways as well as a majority of side roads became nearly impassible as plowing operations were greatly limited, or completely suspended as plows became stuck in the heavy, wet, drifting snow. Area airports suspended all flight operations. A maximum wind gust of 48 mph (42 knots) was measured at the Monroe Airport in Green County. A new daily snowfall record was set at Madison Truax Field with 13.3 on calendar day December 20th (old record was 4.6 in 2000). This is the 2nd highest total for any single calendar day. The greatest calendar day snowfall in Madison was 17.3 inches on December 3, 1990. The UW-Arlington Experimental Farm in Columbia County measured 14.0 inches for the 24-hour period ending 700 AM CST December 21st, which tied the 1-Day snowfall record for that county. The 2-day (19) and 3-Day (21) at this location were new records. The 2-day (21.5) and 3-Day (21.8) snowfall totals in Mt. Horeb established new records for Dane County. The 2-day (20.5) and 3-Day (21.2) snowfall totals in Dodgeville established new records for Iowa County. The 2-day (20.1) and 3-Day (24.1) snowfall totals in the Town of Westford established new records for Dodge County. The 2-day (16.6) and 3-Day (18.2) snowfall totals in New Glarus established new records for Green County. Elsewhere in south-central and parts of Southeast Wisconsin several other sites were within 10% of their county's 1-Day, 2-Day and 3-day records. In addition to the heavy snow and near-zero visibilities, the strong gusty winds downed tree limbs and power lines, with utility companies reporting 34,500 customers without power at the height of the storm. This blizzard was triggered by a strong low pressure which tracked from southeast Kansas to near Chicago the evening of December 20th...reaching the southern tip of Lake Huron by the morning of December 21st. Warm air wrapping into the system initially brought rain into parts of south-central and southeast Wisconsin before changing over to all snow. A new daily precipitation record was set in Madison...1.16 inches of liquid equivalent precipitation on Thursday, December 20th, which broke the previous record of 0.80 inches, set in 1882.

WIZ066-070 Milwaukee - Walworth 20 1600CST 21 0039CST 0 0 Winter Storm

A major winter storm brought impressive double-digit snowfall amounts to parts of Southeast Wisconsin. Winds gusted to between 40 and 45 mph during the peak of the storm, reducing visibilites to 1/4 mile on occasions...even in those areas that picked up only 2 to 4 inches of snow. Moderate drifting was reports with drifts of 2 to 4 feet in height. A number of side roads had difficult travel conditions as snow plows struggled with the drifting. A number of power-outages were reported due to the heavy wet snow and winds bringing down branches onto power lines. Maximum 2-Day snow totals in each county include 17 in Lake Mills (Jefferson Co.), 15 in Wayne (Washington Co.), an estimated 13 in extreme northwest Rock County, an estimated 12 in extreme southwest Sheboygan County, an estimated 10 in extreme northwest corners of both Ozaukee and Waukesha Counties, an estimated 8 inches in extreme north-central Walworth County, and an estimated 4 inches in extreme northwest Milwaukee County. This winter storm was triggered by a strong low pressure which tracked from southeast Kansas to near Chicago the evening of December 20th...reaching the southern tip of Lake Huron by the morning of December 21st. Warm air wrapping into the system initially brought rain into Southeast Wisconsin before changing over to all snow. A new daily rainfall record was set at Milwaukee ahead of the change-over to snow. Milwaukee recorded 2.16 inches of rain and liquid equivalent precipitation on Thursday, December 20th, which broke the previous record of 1.48 inches, set in 1977. In general, rain amounts of 1.50 to over 2.00 inches were reported southeast of a line from Ozaukee County to Walworth County, caused water levels in most rivers and streams to rise to near bank-full or bank-full. However, flood stages were not reached, due to the snow and colder temperatures halting runoff.

WISCONSIN, Southwest

WIZ017-032-061 Buffalo - Grant - Taylor - Trempealeau 01 0000CST 31 2359CST 0 0 Drought

Despite snowfall amounts between 15 and 20 inches across western Wisconsin during December, no changes in the drought conditions occurred. Severe drought conditions continued to plague Buffalo, Grant, Taylor, and Trempealeau Counties. Wisconsin state agricultural officials indicated more than 20% of the Christmas tree farms across the state sustained drought damage. The central sands regions in central Wisconsin were hit hard where state inspectors found that 40% or more of the trees died.

WIZ017-029-032> Buffalo - Clark - Jackson - La Crosse - Monroe - Taylor - Trempealeau 034-041>042 09 0310CST 0130CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Portions of western Wisconsin received between 6 and 10 inches of snow on Sunday, December 9th as the first winter storm of the season impacted the area. The snow developed across the region during the early morning hours of the 9th as an area of low pressure moved east across Minnesota toward Wisconsin. Heavy snow fell for a period during the afternoon of the 9th before ending as some freezing drizzle as the area of low pressure departed the region. The highest reported snowfall total was 10.8 inches in Osseo (Trempealeau County).

238 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WISCONSIN, Southwest 19 2300CST 20 1900CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

WIZ033-041-053 La Crosse - Trempealeau - Vernon 19 2300CST 20 1930CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

WIZ017-029-034- Clark - Jackson - Monroe - Taylor 042 20 0000CST 2000CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

WIZ043-054>055- Adams - Crawford - Grant - Juneau - Richland 061 20 0830CST 1700CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A strong area of low pressure moved out of the Central Plains into Illinois and the Great Lakes region on December 19th and 20th. As this storm moved by, it produced a period of blizzard conditions during the morning and afternoon of the 20th as sustained north winds of 25 to 35 mph with higher gusts created poor visibility from falling and blowing snow. Impacts from the blizzard included closed roads, trapped vehicles, power outages, region wide school closings on the 20th with some schools remaining closed on the 21st or started 2 hours late. The accumulating snow started in southwest Wisconsin during the middle of the evening on the 19th and did not reach north central Wisconsin until the early morning hours of the 20th. Accumulations reached winter storm criteria of 6 inches between midnight and 7 a.m. on the 20th. Two bands of heavy snow, with accumulations of 10 or more inches, occurred. The first was from Grant County northeast through Richland County into the southern sections of Adams and Juneau Counties. The second was across northern Buffalo and Trempealeau Counties into northwest Jackson and southwest Clark Counties. The highest reported snow total in the southern band was 14.5 inches in Sinsinawa (Grant County) with 15.0 inches in the northern band just west of Whitehall (Trempealeau County). The Governor issued an executive order declaring a state of emergency before the storm hit. This placed the state emergency management, National Guard, State Patrol and other state and county agencies on high alert. National Guard troops were used to help rescue stranded drivers. Commercial flights in and out of the La Crosse Municipal Airport were canceled through the evening of the 20th. University of Wisconsin-La Crosse officials kept residence halls open an extra day before the Christmas break to house stranded students.

WISCONSIN, West

WIZ014>016-023> Barron - Chippewa - Dunn - Eau Claire - Pepin - Pierce - Polk - Rusk - St. Croix 028 09 0200CST 2200CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

A slow moving storm dumped more than a foot of snow in parts of the Upper Midwest. The storm began in the northern Rockies, and moved eastward across South Dakota the morning of Saturday, December 8th. An old frontal boundary that lied across the central Plains, lifted northward and developed into an inverted trough across the Mississippi River Valley that afternoon. This inverted trough and the merging of the storm system across South Dakota, provided the energy and moisture to cause a significant winter storm across the Upper Midwest. The heaviest snowfall totals occurred along Highway 212 from near Montevideo in west-central Minnesota, eastward across the Twin Cities, and into portions of west-central Wisconsin. One of the heavier snowfall event occurred during the mid morning/early afternoon time period where the center of the storm system moved from southwest Minnesota to west-central Wisconsin. Several areas of southwest and west-central Minnesota had snowfall rates of 1 to 2 inches per hour. These bands of heavier snowfall moved eastward into west-central Wisconsin during the afternoon hours. Locally 8 to 16 inches fell across Polk, Dunn, Pierce, St. Croix, Chippewa and Eau Claire counties. Lower amounts occurred in Barron and Rusk counties.

WIZ024>028 Chippewa - Dunn - Eau Claire - Pepin - Pierce 19 2100CST 20 1800CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

239 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WISCONSIN, West

A large storm system began to organize across the southern Rockies the morning of Wednesday, December 19th. This storm intensified as it moved out into the Plains, and across the Mid-Mississippi River Valley, then northeast across the southern Great Lakes by Thursday night, December 20th. Most of the snowfall was light during the evening, but started to intensify after 11 pm across portions of west-central Wisconsin. One of the heavier bands of snow develop southeast of Red Wing, east toward Eau Claire, and Augusta around 11 pm. Snowfall rates in this area averaged between 1/2 to 1 inch per hour through 3 am. Locally 4 to 6 inches of snow fell in this band, with additional heavy snowfall across far southeast Eau Claire County where locally 8 to 12 inches fell by mid morning. Occasional light snow continued through the late morning, before tapering off to flurries in the afternoon.

WYOMING, Central and West

WYZ001-012-024 Salt River & Wyoming Ranges - Teton & Gros Ventre Mountains - Yellowstone National Park

01 0000MST 1500MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

Moist westerly flow and a series of upper level disturbances brought snow to the mountains of western Wyoming. By the afternoon of December 1, snowfall totals reached 12 to 15 inches at many locations above 7500 to 8000 feet. The heaviest snow fell in the early morning on December 1. See November 2012 Storm Data for more information about the onset of this event.

WYZ002-018>020 Absaroka Mountains - Green Mountains & Rattlesnake Range - Lander Foothills - Natrona County Lower Elevations 02 0900MST 1940MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

The combination of an approaching cold front and low pressure system produced high winds across portions of western and central Wyoming. Many locations had sustained winds over 50 mph with wind gusts over 70 mph. The maximum wind gust recorded was 79 mph at the Fales Rock RAWS site. Downslope wind gusts along the east slopes of the Wind River Range in and around Lander topped out between 60 and 75 mph during the early afternoon.

WYZ019 Green Mountains & Rattlesnake Range 04 1150MST 2210MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

WYZ001-012 Teton & Gros Ventre Mountains - Yellowstone National Park 04 1200MST 05 1400MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

WYZ003 Cody Foothills 05 0341MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind A Pacific storm brought high winds and heavy snow to portions of western and central Wyoming on Wednesday, December 5. East of the Continental Divide, wind gusts up to 67 mph where reported in the Green and Rattlesnake Range with gusts as high as 73 mph reported west of Clark in Park County. West of the Divide, heavy snow fell across portions of northwest Wyoming. Peak snowfall totaled 17 inches in southwest Yellowstone National Park and 13 inches in the higher elevations of Teton County.

WYZ012-023-024 Salt River & Wyoming Ranges - Star Valley - Teton & Gros Ventre Mountains

07 1000MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm 08

WYZ019 Green Mountains & Rattlesnake Range 08 0245MST 0500MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Two storm systems moved across western and central Wyoming and brought heavy snow and high wind to the region. The higher elevations of northwest Wyoming saw 12 to 15 inches of snow. Snow totals in Star Valley reached 8 inches in a swath from Thayne to Star Valley Ranch. Wind gusts around 60 mph were common in the Teton Range and east of the Continental Divide in central Wyoming ahead of the storm.

240 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WYOMING, Central and West WYZ012 Teton & Gros Ventre Mountains 09 0700MST 0 1 0.00K 0.00K Avalanche A snowboarder triggered a soft slab avalanche on the south side of Teton Pass at 0700MST on Sunday, December 9. The avalanche occurred on a greater than 45-degree slope. The snowboarder had to deploy an emergency air bag collar to ride out the avalanche.

WYZ001-012>014- Jackson Hole - Salt River & Wyoming Ranges - South Lincoln County - Star Valley - Teton & Gros 023>025-027 Ventre Mountains - Upper Green River Basin Foothills - Wind River Mountains West - Yellowstone National Park 16 0500MST 17 1600MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

WYZ019-020 Green Mountains & Rattlesnake Range - Natrona County Lower Elevations

17 0330MST 1239MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A couple of storm systems moved through western Wyoming accompanied by heavy snow and gusty wind. Snowfall of one to around two feet was common. The heaviest snow was estimated to have fallen in the Salt and Wyoming mountain ranges. Up to 18 inches of snow fall across the higher elevations of the Tetons including the Jackson Hole Mountain Resort. Totals topped one foot in portions of Yellowstone National Park and the Wind River Range. Snowfall amounts in the Star Valley and Jackson Hole were generally 6 to 10 inches with a 15 inch total observed at Alpine. Strong winds also occurred across the peaks with gusts as high as 78 mph. In addition, east of the Continental Divide some areas saw very strong winds with gusts to 72 mph in the Green Mountains and 59 mph at the Casper Airport.

WYZ003 Cody Foothills 19 2300MST 20 0010MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

An increasing pressure and temperature gradient between the Absaroka Mountains and Cody Foothills produced a brief period of high wind gusts southwest of Clark. Peak wind speeds were 60 and 62 mph around midnight December 20.

WYOMING, North Central

WYZ099 Sheridan Foothills 02 2200MST 2300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong area of low pressure moved across the area resulting in high winds for portions of the Billings Forecast Area.

WYOMING, Northeast

WYZ054>058 Northern Campbell - South Campbell - Western Crook - Weston - Wyoming Black Hills

02 0845MST 2300MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Strong southwesterly winds developed across northeastern Wyoming during the morning and persisted through the afternoon with wind gusts reaching around 70 mph.

WYOMING, Southeast

WYZ106-110-116 Central Laramie Range And Southwest Platte County - North Snowy Range Foothills - South Laramie Range 01 0000MST 0455MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A strong upper level disturbance and cold front moved across southeast Wyoming. Sustained west to southwest winds of 35 to 45 mph with gusts to near 60 mph occurred through the wind prone areas.

241 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WYOMING, Southeast WYZ104-109>110 Central Carbon County - Ferris/seminoe/shirley Mountains - North Snowy Range Foothills - Shirley Basin

02 0953MST 0036MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

WYZ106-108-115> Central Laramie Range And Southwest Platte County - Goshen County - Laramie Valley - South Laramie 117 Range - South Laramie Range Foothills 03 0011MST 0822MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A large surface pressure gradient and strong winds aloft produced sustained west winds of 35 to 45 mph with gusts in excess of 80 mph throughout portions of south central and southeast Wyoming.

WYZ106-110 Central Laramie Range And Southwest Platte County - North Snowy Range Foothills

04 1255MST 2100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

05 0055MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

WYZ106-110-116- Central Laramie Range And Southwest Platte County - North Snowy Range Foothills - South Laramie 117 Range - South Laramie Range Foothills 05 0655MST 1951MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

The combination of strong winds in the mid and upper levels of the atmosphere and a large low level pressure gradient generated periods of high winds over the southern Laramie Range and north Snowy Range foothills.

WYZ110-116 North Snowy Range Foothills - South Laramie Range 07 0006MST 0530MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A tight low level pressure gradient and strong winds in the mid and upper levels of the atmosphere produced a brief period of gusty winds over portions of the southern Laramie Range and north Snowy Range foothills.

WYZ112-114 Sierra Madre Range - Snowy Range 08 0500MST 1200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A strong cold front brought upslope conditions with a brief period of moderate snow over the Snowy and Sierra Madre ranges. Strong and gusty northwest winds created low visibilities in blowing and drifting snow. Total snowfall estimates ranged from six to ten inches.

WYZ104-106-109- Central Carbon County - Central Laramie Range And Southwest Platte County - Ferris/seminoe/shirley 115 Mountains - Laramie Valley - North Snowy Range Foothills 08 1015MST 1355MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A brief period of strong and gusty winds developed over portions of southeast Wyoming ahead of a cold front and low pressure system.

WYZ110 North Snowy Range Foothills 09 2206MST 10 0656MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

10 0011MST 0021MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

242 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WYOMING, Southeast WYZ106-116-117 Central Laramie Range And Southwest Platte County - South Laramie Range - South Laramie Range Foothills 10 0046MST 0945MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A large pressure gradient associated with a passing upper level disturbance produced strong and gusty west to southwest winds through the wind corridors of southeast Wyoming.

WYZ112-114 Sierra Madre Range - Snowy Range 10 0400MST 1700MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

Moist upslope flow and a passing upper level disturbance brought a period of moderate to locally heavy snow to the Snowy and Sierra Madre ranges. Gusty west to northwest winds produced low visibilities in blowing and drifting snow. Total snowfall estimates ranged from 6 to 16 inches.

WYZ110-116 North Snowy Range Foothills - South Laramie Range 10 0401MST 1045MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A large pressure gradient associated with a passing upper level disturbance produced strong and gusty west to southwest winds through the wind corridors of southeast Wyoming.

11 1131MST 1446MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

11 1151MST 1156MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

11 1421MST 1511MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

WYZ106-110-116 Central Laramie Range And Southwest Platte County - North Snowy Range Foothills - South Laramie Range 11 1512MST 1711MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

WYZ110 North Snowy Range Foothills 12 0206MST 0356MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A large surface pressure gradient and increasing winds aloft produced strong and gusty west to southwest winds through the wind corridors of southeast Wyoming.

16 1016MST 1116MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Strong winds aloft associated with several weather disturbances and a large pressure gradient produced a prolonged period of gusty west to southwest winds in excess of 60 mph throughout much of southeast Wyoming.

WYZ112 Sierra Madre Range 16 1800MST 18 1200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

WYZ111-113-114 Snowy Range - Southwest Carbon County - Upper North Platte River Basin

17 0000MST 18 1200MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Storm

243 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

WYOMING, Southeast

A favorably moist westerly upslope flow produced a prolonged period of moderate to heavy snowfall for the Snowy and Sierra Madre mountains, with one to two feet estimated. Nearby valleys of southern Carbon County estimated up to a foot of snow. West to southwest winds of 35 to 45 mph with gusts to 60 mph caused considerable blowing and drifting snow with low visibilities.

WYZ101-104>107- Central Carbon County - Central Laramie County - Central Laramie Range And Southwest Platte County 109>110-115>119 - Converse County Lower Elevations - East Laramie County - East Platte County - Ferris/seminoe/shirley Mountains - Laramie Valley - North Snowy Range Foothills - Shirley Basin - South Laramie Range - South Laramie Range Foothills

17 0350MST 1453MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

Strong winds aloft associated with several weather disturbances and a large pressure gradient produced a prolonged period of gusty west to southwest winds in excess of 60 mph throughout much of southeast Wyoming.

WYZ110-115-116 Laramie Valley - North Snowy Range Foothills - South Laramie Range

19 2100MST 20 1000MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

WYZ117 South Laramie Range Foothills 20 0200MST 1100MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Blizzard

A vigorous low pressure system and upper level disturbance produced widespread snow and northwest winds gusting as high as 65 mph across portions of south central and southeast Wyoming. The combination of the strong winds and falling snow frequently lowered visibilities to less than a quarter mile. This significantly impacted travel, with closures of numerous roadways, including Interstate 80 from Arlington to Cheyenne.

WYZ106-117 Central Laramie Range And Southwest Platte County - South Laramie Range Foothills

20 0445MST 1321MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A large surface pressure gradient produced strong and gusty west winds across extreme southeast Wyoming.

WYZ106-116-117 Central Laramie Range And Southwest Platte County - South Laramie Range - South Laramie Range Foothills 23 0445MST 1231MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K High Wind

A upper level disturbance and large pressure gradient produced strong gap winds across the wind prone areas of southeast Wyoming.

WYZ107-112-114- East Laramie County - East Platte County - Goshen County - Sierra Madre Range - Snowy Range 119 24 1800MST 25 0600MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A Pacific low pressure system moved across Wyoming Christmas Eve into early Christmas Day. It produced widespread light snowfall for the lower elevations with 3 to 6 inches. Total snowfall estimates of six to twelve inches were reported over the Snowy and Sierra Madre ranges.

WYZ112 Sierra Madre Range 26 1000MST 27 0500MST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Winter Weather

A Pacific low pressure system brought moderate snow to the Sierra Madre Range, with snowfall amounts estimated between six and twelve inches.

244 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ230-235 Corpus Christi to Baffin Bay - Point O`Connor to Aransas Pass

04 1730CST 2021CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind

Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms occurred over the Mid-Coast region in the afternoon as an unstable air mass developed ahead of cold front. These storms moved east across San Antonio Bay and into the Gulf of Mexico.

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ043 Hawk Channel From Craig Key To West End Of Seven Mile Bridge Out To The Reef

08 1737EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Waterspout Two waterspouts occurred in association with a narrow band of showers moving north in Hawk Channel.

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ750 Apalachicola to Destin FL out 20nm 17 1305EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind A strong trough of low pressure moved through the area, bringing with it a pre-frontal squall line. Although wind fields were strong, limited instability precluded a more widespread event. One convective wind gust to 40 mph was measured within one mile of the coast.

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ042 Hawk Channel From Ocean Reef To Craig Key Out To The Reef 18 0730EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Waterspout Light winds and instability in advance of a weakening cold frontal trough over central Florida produced isolated slow-moving showers near the Upper Florida Keys. A waterspout was observed in association with one of the showers offshore Rock Harbor.

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ335-355 Galveston Bay - High Island to Freeport TX out 20nm 20 0329CST 0345CST 0 0 Marine Thunderstorm Wind

Strong thunderstorm winds along a cold front gusted to severe criteria.

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ450-452-455- Atchafalaya River to Intracoastal City LA out 20nm - Cameron LA to High Island TX out 20nm - 472 Intracoastal City LA to Cameron LA 20 to 60nm - Intracoastal City LA to Cameron LA out 20nm

20 0400CST 0622CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind

A strong cold front moved across Southeast Texas and South Louisiana frequently producing wind gusts of 40 to 55 MPH in thunderstorms along the boundary. This line of storms continued to produce wind gusts as it moved over the coastal waters.

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ530 Lake Ponchartrain and Lake Maurepas 20 0801CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind

GMZ532 Mississippi Sound 20 0905CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Waterspout 20 0912CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind

245 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

GULF OF MEXICO GMZ555-572-577 Coastal Waters From Pascagoula Mississippi To Stake Island Louisiana From 20 To 60 Nm - Coastal Waters From Southwest Pass Of The Mississippi River To Port Fourchon Louisiana From 20 To 60 Nm - Pascagoula MS to SW Pass of MS River out 20nm 20 0954CST 1035CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind

A line of thunderstorms developed ahead of a strong cold front that moved through the coastal waters off southeast Louisiana and south Mississippi during the morning hours. Several reports of strong winds with thunderstorms and behind the cold front were received.

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ370 Freeport to Matagorda Ship Channel 20 to 60nm 20 1055CST 0 0 Marine Thunderstorm Wind Strong thunderstorm winds along a cold front gusted to severe criteria.

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ730-755 Apalachee Bay or Coastal Waters from Keaton Beach to Ochlockonee River FL out to 20nm - Suwannee River to Apalachicola FL out 20nm 20 1600EST 1645EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind

A strong upper level trough and cold front moved through the area. There was sufficient instability and shear for a few strong thunderstorms across the area.

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ830-853 Englewood to Tarpon Springs FL out 20nm - Tampa Bay 20 2130EST 2226EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind

A strong cold front quickly moved southeast across the Gulf of Mexico and into the Florida Peninsula overnight with a narrow band of showers and thunderstorms and strong gusty winds.

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ335 Galveston Bay 25 1158CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind Thunderstorms that developed in the vicinity of a warm frontal boundary caused strong maritime winds.

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ750 Apalachicola to Destin FL out 20nm 25 1445EST 1447EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Waterspout

A strong upper level trough and cold front moved through the area. There was sufficient instability and shear for a few strong to severe thunderstorms across the area, including a waterspout that was filmed.

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ530 Lake Ponchartrain and Lake Maurepas 25 1459CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Waterspout A strong low pressure system moving across the middle Mississippi River Valley drove a strong cold front through the area. A squall line developed ahead of the cold front with isolated supercells ahead of the squall line. Multiple reports of severe weather were received.

246 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

GULF OF MEXICO GMZ830 Tampa Bay 26 1133EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind A cold front passed over the Florida peninsula and eastern Gulf of Mexico during the morning and early afternoon hours of the 26th, with a narrow squall line ahead of the front. The squall line produced marine thunderstorm wind gusts as it crossed the Tampa Bay.

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ555-577 Coastal Waters From Pascagoula Mississippi To Stake Island Louisiana From 20 To 60 Nm - Pascagoula MS to SW Pass of MS River out 20nm 28 2000CST 2035CST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind

A cold front moving through the coastal waters triggered thunderstorms that produced strong winds.

GULF OF MEXICO

GMZ850 Tarpon Springs to Suwannee River FL out 20nm 29 0530EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind A cold front crossed over the Florida peninsula on the 29th led by a line of showers and thunderstorms just ahead of the front. One of the thunderstorms developed strong wind gusts as it neared shore in Levy County.

EAST PACIFIC OCEAN

PZZ350-356-370- Florence to Cape Blanco OR out 20nm - Point St. George CA to Cape Blanco OR westward 20 to 60nm - 376 Point St. George CA to Cape Blanco OR westward 20nm - Waters from Florance to Cape Blanco OR from 20 to 60nm 22 0001PST 0030PST 0 0 4.0K Marine Strong Wind

A line of thunderstorms producing strong winds moved across the coastal waters on this day.

EAST PACIFIC OCEAN

PZZ455-470 Cape Mendocino to Point St. George CA westward 20 to 60nm - Point Arena to Cape Mendocino CA westward 20nm 22 0050PST 0324PST 0 0 Marine Thunderstorm Wind

A line of thunderstorms produced strong winds off of the Northwest California coast.

ATLANTIC, Caribbean Sea and Tropical Atlantic

AMZ550 Flagler Beach to Cocoa Beach FL out 20nm 10 1726EST 1729EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Waterspout

The tornado which impacted Edgewater continued northeast as a waterspout and crossed the intracoastal river and associated marsh islands.

ATLANTIC, Caribbean Sea and Tropical Atlantic

AMZ330-352-354 Charleston Harbor - Edisto Beach SC to Savannah GA out 20nm - Savannah GA to Altamaha Sound GA out 20nm 17 1615EST 1711EST 0 0 Marine Thunderstorm Wind

High shear characterized with 70 knots of bulk shear along with low surface based cape set up a high shear, low cape environment ahead of the trough over the southeastern United States and adjacent waters. A distinct line of thunderstorms developed along a surface trough and became strong as the trough swept through the western Atlantic. Strong straight-line winds accompanied the thunderstorms as they passed over the coastal waters.

247 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ATLANTIC, Caribbean Sea and Tropical Atlantic AMZ472 Fernandina Beach to St. Augustine FL 20 to 60nm 20 2250EST 0 0 Marine Thunderstorm Wind A pre-frontal squall line moved over the Suwannee River Vally during the evening. Instability was marginal, however low level winds and speed shear were very strong with the 850 mb jet 50-60 knots. A nose of higher instability moved inland from Apalachee Bay and coincided over the Suwannee River Valley, and these convective ingredients phased to produce scattered pockets of wind damage with discrete rotating cells during the evening. Trees were blown down across portions of Suwannee, Hamilton and Alachua counties during this evening.

ATLANTIC, Caribbean Sea and Tropical Atlantic

AMZ250 Surf City to Cape Fear NC out 20nm 26 0940EST 0941EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind

Strong to severe thunderstorms developed during the morning, along and in the wake of a warm front. Thunderstorms ended with the passage of an early afternoon pre-frontal trough.

ATLANTIC, Caribbean Sea and Tropical Atlantic

AMZ452 Fernandina Beach to St. Augustine FL out 20nm 26 1025EST 0 0 Marine Thunderstorm Wind A fast moving pre-frontal squall line with isolated thunderstorms moved across northeast Florida during the morning. Instability was limited, but a strong low level jet of 50-60 knots between 1-1.5 kft produced isolated wind damage in thunderstorm activity.

ATLANTIC, Caribbean Sea and Tropical Atlantic

AMZ250 Surf City to Cape Fear NC out 20nm 26 1115EST 1116EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind

Strong to severe thunderstorms developed during the morning, along and in the wake of a warm front. Thunderstorms ended with the passage of an early afternoon pre-frontal trough.

ATLANTIC, Caribbean Sea and Tropical Atlantic

AMZ158 Cape Lookout to Surf City NC out 20nm 26 1135EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Waterspout

AMZ152 Oregon Inlet to Cape Hatteras NC out 20nm 26 1159EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind A warm front lifted north through eastern North Carolina during the morning hours of December 26th 2012, with weak instability developing along the coast. Scattered thunderstorms lifted northeast along the coast during the afternoon with several strong marine thunderstorm wind gusts.

ATLANTIC, Caribbean Sea and Tropical Atlantic

AMZ550 Flagler Beach to Cocoa Beach FL out 20nm 26 1215EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind A solid squall line moved across east-central Florida, but the intensity of the associated storms gradually lessened as the line reached south of Orlando and Melbourne. Strong wind gusts near 40 knots were recorded across portions of the Volusia and Brevard County coastline.

ATLANTIC, Caribbean Sea and Tropical Atlantic

AMZ254-256 Little River Inlet NC to Murrells Inlet SC out 20nm - Murrells Inlet to South Santee River SC out 20nm

26 1224EST 1238EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind

Unstable environment ahead of a surface trough produce thunderstorms along the coast of South Carolina.

248 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ATLANTIC, Caribbean Sea and Tropical Atlantic AMZ158 Cape Lookout to Surf City NC out 20nm 26 1239EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind A warm front lifted north through eastern North Carolina during the morning hours of December 26th 2012, with weak instability developing along the coast. Scattered thunderstorms lifted northeast along the coast during the afternoon with several strong marine thunderstorm wind gusts.

ATLANTIC, Caribbean Sea and Tropical Atlantic

AMZ250 Surf City to Cape Fear NC out 20nm 26 1250EST 1251EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind

Strong to severe thunderstorms developed during the morning, along and in the wake of a warm front. Thunderstorms ended with the passage of an early afternoon pre-frontal trough.

ATLANTIC, Caribbean Sea and Tropical Atlantic

AMZ158 Cape Lookout to Surf City NC out 20nm 26 1357EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind A warm front lifted north through eastern North Carolina during the morning hours of December 26th 2012, with weak instability developing along the coast. Scattered thunderstorms lifted northeast along the coast during the afternoon with several strong marine thunderstorm wind gusts.

ATLANTIC, Caribbean Sea and Tropical Atlantic

AMZ552 Volusia-Brevard County Line to Sebastian Inlet 0 to 20nm 26 1410EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind A solid squall line moved across east-central Florida, but the intensity of the associated storms gradually lessened as the line reached south of Orlando and Melbourne. Strong wind gusts near 40 knots were recorded across portions of the Volusia and Brevard County coastline.

ATLANTIC, Caribbean Sea and Tropical Atlantic

AMZ135 Pamlico Sound 26 1426EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind A warm front lifted north through eastern North Carolina during the morning hours of December 26th 2012, with weak instability developing along the coast. Scattered thunderstorms lifted northeast along the coast during the afternoon with several strong marine thunderstorm wind gusts.

ATLANTIC, Caribbean Sea and Tropical Atlantic

AMZ552 Volusia-Brevard County Line to Sebastian Inlet 0 to 20nm 26 1442EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind A solid squall line moved across east-central Florida, but the intensity of the associated storms gradually lessened as the line reached south of Orlando and Melbourne. Strong wind gusts near 40 knots were recorded across portions of the Volusia and Brevard County coastline.

ATLANTIC, Caribbean Sea and Tropical Atlantic

AMZ135-152-158 Cape Lookout to Surf City NC out 20nm - Oregon Inlet to Cape Hatteras NC out 20nm - Pamlico Sound

26 1445EST 1602EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine Thunderstorm Wind

A warm front lifted north through eastern North Carolina during the morning hours of December 26th 2012, with weak instability developing along the coast. Scattered thunderstorms lifted northeast along the coast during the afternoon with several strong marine thunderstorm wind gusts.

249 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

ATLANTIC, North

ANZ631 Chesapeake Bay Windmill Point to New Point Comfort VA 27 0406EST 0 0 1.0K 0.00K Marine Strong Wind Gusty west winds occurred behind a cold front across portions of the Chesapeake Bay.

LAKE MICHIGAN

LMZ043-046 Michigan City in to New Buffalo MI - New Buffalo to St. Joseph MI

21 0015EST 0132EST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Marine High Wind

Rapidly deepening low pressure moved from central Illinois into southwestern Lower Michigan. While snowfall amounts ended up lower than expected across the region, the winds caused by the pressure gradient of the low caused wind gusts of 60 mph or greater along the lake shore areas of Lake Michigan.

AMERICAN SAMOA,

ASZ002 Tutuila 11 0000SST 0 0 0.00K 0.00K Hurricane 13 Cyclone Evan made landfall on Upolu on 12/2100Z. Evan was a Category 1 hurricane, and over 10 lives were claimed mainly during flash flooding. People were swept into the strong currents of the flooded rivers and streams, and vehicles were severely damaged by strong winds and tornadoes. American Samoa was spared from this episode. Only a few downed banana trees were reported along the west side of Tutuila, and strong gusts of 58 mph was recorded at the Weather Service Office on 12/2151Z. No other damages or injuries reported.

PACIFIC

GUZ001 Belau 02 1600GST 03 1000GST 0 0 20.0M 200.0K Hurricane

After passing Chuuk on 28 November, Tropical Storm Bopha intensified into a typhoon on the afternoon of the 30th as it moved west-northwestward through southern Yap State. Late in the evening of the 30th, Bopha began to intensify rapidly, and by the morning of 1 December it was in far western Yap State with maximum sustained winds of 130 mph. Bopha continued to intensify as it headed toward Koror in the Republic of Palau, and by 1000 GST on 2 December, Bopha was a super typhoon with maximum sustained winds of 150 mph, centered about 200 miles east-southeast of Koror and moving west-northwest. But about this time, Bopha turned slightly to the west, and passed about 55 miles south of Koror at 2200 GST the evening of the 2nd with maximum winds of 155 mph. At about 2330 GST, the eye of Bopha passed 20 miles south of the southern island of Angaur. Bopha then weakened as it moved on west of Palau, and by 1000 GST on the morning of 3 December, Typhoon Bopha was 200 miles west-southwest of Koror with maximum winds of 120 mph.

As it passed Palau, Super Typhoon Bopha brought tropical storm conditions to Koror and points north on Babeldaob Island. But further south, the islands of Peleliu and Angaur experienced typhoon conditions with considerable damage.

At the Weather Service Office in Koror, the maximum sustained wind was northeast at 35 mph on the 2nd at 1856 GST, and the peak gust was from the east at 70 mph at 2354 GST. The lowest sea-level pressure was 1003.0 mb at 2052 GST. The storm total rainfall for 2-3 December was 3.32 inches. At Palau International Airport on the south end of Babeldaob, the maximum sustained wind was 40 mph from the east at 2252 GST on the 2nd and again at 0150 GST on the 3rd, and the peak gust was 59 mph at 2240 GST on the 2nd. Further south, sustained winds are estimated to have reached at least 100 mph on Peleliu, and 130 mph or more on Angaur. On Babeldaob Island, winds resulted in power outages, communications disruptions, and some damage to buildings and agriculture. But the greatest damage on Babeldaob was along the east coast of the island, where storm surge penetrated several hundred feet inland, damaging roads and damaging or destroying approximately 30 houses. By contrast, damage on Koror was mainly light, due mostly to wind. The southern islands of Peleliu and Angaur received the worst damage, from both wind and surge. Over 100 houses were destroyed or severely damaged, displacing over 300 people. Local agriculture and infrastructure also suffered major damage.

Throughout the Republic of Palau, no deaths or major injuries were reported as a result of Super Typhoon Bopha. About 150 houses were destroyed or severely damaged, leaving at least 350 people without homes. Total damage is estimated at $10,000,000 of property damage and about $100,000 in crop damage.

PUERTO RICO

250 Time Path Path Number of Estimated December 2012 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm

PUERTO RICO PRZ010 Mayaguez and Vicinity 21 1400AST 25 0400AST 1 0 0.00K 0.00K High Surf

Large, long period north swells affected the Atlantic coastal waters and the caribbean passages. These swell resulted in rough and hazardous marine conditions between December 23-25. One surfer drowned due to strong rip current and dangerous surf conditions.

251 Reference Notes:

Storm Data Disclosure

Storm Data is an official publication of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) which documents the occurrence of storms and other significant weather phenomena having sufficient intensity to cause loss of life, injuries, significant property damage, and/or disruption to commerce. In addition, it is a partial record of other significant meteorological events, such as record maximum or minimum temperatures or precipitation that occurs in connection with another event.

Some of the information appearing in Storm Data may have been provided by or gathered from sources outside the National Weather Service (NWS), such as the media, law enforcement and/or other government agencies, private companies, individuals, etc. An effort is made to use the best available information, but because of time and resource constraints, information from these sources may be unverified by the NWS. Therefore, when using information from Storm Data, customers should be cautious as the NWS does not guarantee the accuracy or validity of the information. Further, when it is apparent information appearing in Storm Data originated from a source outside the National Weather Service (frequently credit is provided), Storm Data customers requiring additional information should contact that source directly. In most cases, NWS employees will not have the knowledge to respond to such requests. In cases of legal proceedings, under Department of Commerce regulations and/or rules of the court, NWS employees are not legally obligated to provide written or verbal testimony.

Fatality Codes: For events that include a fatality, there is a code containing the gender, age and fatality location at the end of the event narrative. 1st -letter: Gender (M/F) / 2nd -numbers: Age / 3rd -letters: Fatality location (see table below) Example: M51IW – Male, 51 years of age, fatality occurred In Water.

Fatality Location Abbreviations:

BF Ball Field MH Mobile Home BO Boating OT Other BU Business OU Outside/Open Areas CA Camping PH Permanent Home EQ Heavy Equipment/Construction SC School GF Golfing TE Telephone IW In Water UT Under Tree LS Long Span Roof VE Vehicle

List of Acronyms:

NWS - National Weather Service NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WCM - Warning Coordination Meteorologist – The meteorologist at each NWS Office responsible for …………………reporting severe weather events LST - Local Standard Time Storm Data attempts to always use “Standard Time” AST - Atlantic Standard Time EST/EDT - Eastern Standard Time / Eastern Daylight Time CST/CDT - Central Standard Time / Central Daylight Time MST/MDT - Mountain Standard Time / Mountain Daylight Time …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………….._252…………………………………………………

PST/PDT - Pacific Standard Time / Pacific Daylight Time AKS - Alaska Standard Time HST - Hawaii Standard Time

Other Notes:

An “Episode” is an entire storm system and can contain many different types of events.

An “Event” is an individual type of storm event.

When listing wind speed values under “Character of Storm”, i.e. High Wind (G81): The G indicates a “Gust” which is a peak 5-second averaged wind speed in Knots (kts). 1 kt. = 1.152 mph. This number can be either E (estimated) by damage caused, or M (measured) by known calibrated anemometers. Examples: (M61) = measured 61 knots; (E75) = estimated at 75 knots.

All wind speeds listed are estimated by NWS personnel by the amount and type of damage unless otherwise noted with an “M” which represents an actual wind speed as measured by official NWS approved anemometer.

When listing hail size under “Character of Storm”, ex. Hail (2.25), the hail size is given in inches and hundredths of inches.

When listing property and crop damage, the figures indicated are the best guess made by the NWS from the available sources of information at the time of the printing.

The fatalities, injuries, and damage amounts appearing in tropical cyclone events are attributed only to wind damage experienced in the coastal counties/parishes listed. Other tropical cyclone related events such as tornadoes and flooding are listed within their separate event types.

253

The Saffir-Simpson Scale

Category One Hurricane:

Winds 74-95 mph (64-82 kts or 119-153 kph). Storm surge generally 4-5 ft above normal. No real damage to building structures. Damage primarily to unanchored mobile homes, shrubbery, and trees. Some damage to poorly constructed signs. Also, some coastal road flooding and minor pier damage.

Category Two Hurricane:

Winds 96-110 mph (83-95 kts or 154-177 kph). Storm surge generally 6-8 feet above normal. Some roofing material, door, and window damage of buildings. Considerable damage to shrubbery and trees with some trees blown down. Considerable damage to mobile homes, poorly constructed signs, and piers. Coastal and low-lying escape routes flood 2-4 hours before arrival of the hurricane center. Small craft in unprotected anchorages break moorings.

Category Three Hurricane:

Winds 111-130 mph (96-113 kts or 178-209 kph). Storm surge generally 9-12 ft above normal. Some structural damage to small residences and utility buildings with a minor amount of curtainwall failures. Damage to shrubbery and trees with foliage blown off trees and large trees blown down. Mobile homes and poorly constructed signs are destroyed. Low-lying escape routes are cut by rising water 3-5 hours before arrival of the hurricane center. Flooding near the coast destroys smaller structures with larger structures damaged by battering of floating debris. Terrain continuously lower than 5 ft above mean sea level may be flooded inland 8 miles (13 km) or more. Evacuation of low-lying residences with several blocks of the shoreline may be required.

Category Four Hurricane:

Winds 131-155 mph (114-135 kts or 210-249 kph). Storm surge generally 13-18 ft above normal. More extensive curtainwall failures with some complete roof structure failures on small residences. Shrubs, trees, and all signs are blown down. Complete destruction of mobile homes. Extensive damage to doors and windows. Low-lying escape routes may be cut by rising water 3-5 hours before arrival of the hurricane center. Major damage to lower floors of structures near the shore. Terrain lower than 10 ft above sea level may be flooded requiring massive evacuation of residential areas as far inland as 6 miles (10 km).

Category Five Hurricane:

Winds greater than 155 mph (135 kts or 249 kph). Storm surge generally greater than 18 ft above normal. Complete roof failure on many residences and industrial buildings. Some complete building failures with small utility buildings blown over or away. All shrubs, trees, and signs blown down. Complete destruction of mobile homes. Severe and extensive window and door damage. Low-lying escape routes are cut by rising water 3-5 hours before arrival of the hurricane center. Major damage to lower floors of all structures located less than 15 ft above sea level and within 500 yards of the shoreline. Massive evacuation of residential areas on low ground within 5-10 miles (8-16 km) of the shoreline may be required.

254

The Enhanced Fujita Scale EF-Scale Intensity Wind Speed Typical Damage (Suggested) (mph) EF0 Gale Tornado 40 - 72 Tree branches broken, chimneys damaged, shallow-rooted trees pushed over; sign boards damaged or destroyed, outbuildings and sheds destroyed.

EF1 Moderate 73 - 112 Roof surfaces peeled off, mobile homes pushed off foundations or overturned, moving autos pushed off the roads, garages may be destroyed.

EF2 Significant 113 - 157 Roofs blown off frame houses; mobile homes demolished and/or destroyed, train boxcars pushed over; large trees snapped or uprooted; airborne debris can cause damage.

EF3 Severe 158 - 206 Roofs and walls torn off well constructed houses; trains overturned; large trees uprooted, can knock down entire forest of trees.

EF4 Devastating 207 - 260 Well-constructed frame houses leveled; structures with weak foundations blown off some distance; automobiles thrown, large airborne objects can cause significant damage.

EF5 Incredible 261 - 318 Brick, stone and cinder-block buildings destroyed, most debris is carried away by tornadic winds, large and heavy objects can be hurled in excess of 100 meters, trees debarked, asphalt peeled off of roads, steel reinforced concrete structures badly damaged. EF6 Inconceivable 319 - 379 Brick, stone and cinderblock buildings destroyed, most debris is carried away by tornadic winds, large and heavy objects can be hurled in excess of 100 meters, trees debarked, asphalt peeled off of roads, steel reinforced concrete structures badly damaged.

Typical EF0 Tornado Damage Typical EF1 Tornado Damage Note the trees are stripped of leaves, but the Note the uprooted trees and missing shingles trees remain standing. Only light roof from the roof. There is significant roof damage and a few missing shingles. damage. Typical EF2 Tornado Damage Typical EF3 Tornado Damage This home is missing it’s entire roof but the This home is missing the entire roof as well as exterior walls remain intact. Some of the some of the exterior walls. Trees are blown stronger hardwood trees remain standing. over or snapped near the base and outbuildings are destroyed.

Typical EF4 Tornado Damage This home is almost completely obliterated, with no walls standing. The debris from the home is where the house once stood.

Typical EF5 Tornado Damage These homes have been completely removed from their original locations. The debris field has been scattered some distance from their foundation.

Typical EF5 Tornado Damage (All photographs courtesy of Brian Smith, Meteorologist, The asphalt surface has been peeled off of National Weather Service, Valley NE.) this road.

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