The WLCU History

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The WLCU History History of the R W o n rld nio Le ral U NG banese Cultu O UN Ass GC- ociated with the D A ccr -UN edited at ECOSOC World Lebanese Cultural Union 1959 - 2020 Dr Natalio Chidiac Havana -Cuba 1959 uJanuary 31st 1959: Dr Natalio Chidiac founded The Federation of Intercontinental Lebanese Entities (FIEL) in Havana, Cuba. It brought under its umbrella Lebanese entities from the Americas only. The origin of FIEL and WLCU The Lebanese Cabinet August 29th 1959: The Lebanese Cabinet decided at its meeting, to lay the ground for a “conference” that connects all the Lebanese living abroad. 1st FIEL Congress - 1960 u January 31st 1960: 1st FIEL Congress was held in Mexico City and founded the World Lebanese Union (WLU), an organization that embraces Lebanese entities from both inside and outside the Americas. Regions such as Australia and Africa would also be involved. A Lebanese presidential decree - 1960 u March 1st 1960: A Lebanese presidential decree number 3423 was issued creating a permanent central committee headed by the Lebanese Foreign Minister, its mission was to plan a Diaspora conference aiming to adopt a permanent “official institution” for the Lebanese emigrants worldwide. The 1st WLU Congress – Beirut 1960 u September 15th 1960: The 1st WLU Congress was held at the UNESCO Palace in Beirut, Lebanon. The World Lebanese Union is adopted as the sole official representative of the Lebanese Diaspora. The Congress was inaugurated by the Lebanese President of the Republic Fouad Chehab, the Prime Minister Saeb Salam and the Foreign Minister Philip Takla. The World Lebanese Union according to its first constitution, selected an executive office, headed temporarily by the Foreign Minister to oversee the Union until the future elections of a World President and World Council. 2nd FIEL Congress - Buenos Aires 1961 uNovember 1961: 2nd FIEL Congress took place in Buenos Aires. BOSTON 1962 - WLU BOSTON 1962 - October 21st, 1962 FIEL merging with the WLU. u October 21st, 1962: The WORLD LEBANESE UNION (WLU) and FIEL held a joint Conference in Boston, USA. u The meeting was headed by the Lebanese Foreign Minister Dr Philip Takla who then declared:” I hasten to make it clear that the Lebanese Government has no authority and does not want to have any authority over the Union and it does not supervise it nor restrict it to anything and when your World Conference is held next year in Beirut, the Minister for Foreign Affairs and his permanent office will hand over everything to your elected body and the government shall have nothing to do with the Union other than the relationship of love and assistance and encouragement”. u At this Congress, FIEL merged with the WLU. Beirut – Lebanon – President Fouad Chehab Beirut – Lebanon – President Fouad Chehab u August 20th 1964: The 2nd WLU World Congress was held in Beirut, inaugurated by the Lebanese President of the Republic, Fouad Chehab. The Minister of Foreign Affairs, then Fouad Ammoun, addressed the Congress as Head of the Permanent Office: “The government has made every effort to assist until the day you stand alone before the task and this day has come today." This statement confirmed the determination of the Government, in the presence of the head of State and all officials, that the “World Lebanese Union” has become an independent institution. The Congress elected the first WLU World President George Traboulsi and the first World Council. Lawyers & Businessmen Convention 1966 Magazine 1968 - 1973 u 1968: The 3rd WLU World Congress, Beirut, elected Nicholas Abboud from Australia as World President. u u 1969: WLU Congress is held in Miami, Florida and elected Jamil Dounya from Caracas, Venezuela as World President. u u 1970: WLU Congress is held in Mexico City and elected Jose Kamel from Mexico as World President. u u 1971: WLU Congress is held in Africa and elected Anwar ElKhalil from Lagos, Nigeria as World President. Badawi Bou Dib was selected as Secretary General. Beirut 1973 u Left to Right: Badawi Bou Dib - Anwar Elkhalil – DR Antonio Helou – Anthony Abraham 1973 - 1977 u September 1973: The 5th WLU World Congress elected Anthony Abraham from Miami, USA as World President u December 13th 1973: The WLU added the Word “Cultural” to its name. It registered in Lebanon as “World Lebanese Cultural Union” (registration 363/A.D.) during the term oF the World President Anthony Abraham, Secretary General Malek Chalhoub and World Treasure Michel Gemayel. u 1974: The WLCU elected Selim Makhlouf from Colombia as World President. In November, 1975, 1976 with PM Saeb Salam Anthony Braham - Anwar Khalil - Ali Sabbah 1977 - 1991 u 1977: The WLCU elected Daher El-Rahi from the USA as World President. u 1978: 7th World Congress, Santiago, Chile, elected Emilio Haron Tohme from Mexico as World President. u 1979: The WLCU elected Garibaldi Abboud from Argentina as World President. u 1981: The WLCU elected Sami El-Khoury from Equador as World President u 1982: The WLCU elected Ali Al-Sabbah from Ivory Coast as World President u 1985: The WLCU elected Nichola El-Khoury from Canada as World President 1991: 9th World Congress elected Anwar Kuri Adem from Mexico as World President 1994: 10th world Congress, Sao Paolo, elected George Antoine from Brazil as World President 1997: 11th world Congress, Los Angeles, elected Naji Naim from USA as World President 2000: 12th world Congress, Mexico City, elected Bechara Bechara of Mexico as World Council Chairman. 2002: 12th world Congress, Las Vegas, USA, elected Bechara Bechara from Mexico as World President. 2003: 13th world Congress, Miami, USA, elected Joseph Baini from Australia as World President 2005: 14th world Congress, Sidney, Australia, elected Anise Garabet from USA as World President u 2007: 15th world Congress, elected Elie Hakme from Brazil as World President 2009: 16th world Congress, Mexico City, elected Eid Chedrawi from Ghana as World President u 2012: 17th world Congress, in Mexico City, elected Michel Doueihi from Australia as World President 2014: 18th world Congress, Buenos Aires, elected Alejandro Kuri from Mexico as World President u 2016: 19th world Congress, Toronto, Canada, elected Elias Kassab from Canada as World President 2018: 20th World Congress, New York, held an Extraordinary Session (April). 2018: 20th World Congress Paris, France held an Ordinary Session (September) and assigned a Presidential Council, headed by Elias Kassab, to lead the organization for seven months. u 2019: 20th World Congress, closing session, Bogota, Colombia, elected Stephen Stanton from Australia as World President.
Recommended publications
  • Methodological and Political Issues in the Lebanese Planning Experiences Éric Verdeil
    Methodological and Political Issues in the Lebanese Planning Experiences Éric Verdeil To cite this version: Éric Verdeil. Methodological and Political Issues in the Lebanese Planning Experiences. Conference City Debates, The Lebanese National Master Plan, City Debates 2003 Proceedings, 2004, pp.16-22. halshs-00002801 HAL Id: halshs-00002801 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00002801 Submitted on 7 Sep 2004 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. This is not a definitive version Please quote as : Eric Verdeil, “Methodological and Political Issues in the Lebanese Planning Experiences”, Conference City Debates, The Lebanese National Master Plan, City Debates 2003 Proceedings, M. Harb (ed.), Beirut, American University of Beirut, 2004, pp.16-22 Methodological and Political Issues in the Lebanese Planning Experiences Eric Verdeil Eric Verdeil has a PhD in urban geography from Université Paris I–Sorbonne. He is now a researcher at the National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) in the University of Lyon, at the Institute of Planning. He was a researcher at the Institut Français du Proche-Orient (IFPO, ex-CERMOC) in Beirut, where he was responsible for the Urban Observatory. He studied the Lebanese experience of planning from the country’s independence to its reconstruction.
    [Show full text]
  • Chehab, Farid (1908-1985) Dates of Creation of Material: 1945-1983 Level of Description: Fonds Extent: 12 Boxes
    CHEHAB GB165-0384 Reference code: GB165-0384 Title: Emir Farid Chehab Collection Name of creator: Chehab, Farid (1908-1985) Dates of creation of material: 1945-1983 Level of description: Fonds Extent: 12 boxes Biographical history: Emir Farid Chehab, OBE Born in Hadeth, Mount Lebanon approx. 28 February 1908 (dates on birth certificates vary between 1905 and 1911) to the Emira Maryam Chehab (granddaughter of the last ruler of Lebanon, Emir Bashir III) and to Emir Hares Sayyed Ahmad Chehab (Honorary member of the Turkish Parliament). Graduated from the Faculty of Law, Saint Joseph University in 1930. That same year, enrolled in the French Police in Lebanon and rose through the ranks to become Head of the Counter Espionage Section and the Anti Communism Section. Accused of alleged covert activities in favour of Hitler's Germany, he was jailed in February 1941 until October 1943; released on the personal request of newly elected President Bechara el Khoury, Emir Farid was reinstated in his former position with all charges against him dropped. From 1944 to 1948, he held the successive posts of: liaison officer between the Palestinian Directorate of Police and the Lebanese Security Forces; director General of the Judicial Police and Governor of the Beqaa Valley. In January 1948, he was appointed Director of General Security and quickly preceded to the reorganisation of its departments and upgrading of its procedures. In April 1950, appointed to lead the Anti-Communism Section. In 1957, he was elected Vice President of Interpol. In 1958, following civil unrest in Lebanon, he resigned from his post, and six months later was appointed Ambassador to Ghana, Nigeria, and Cameroon; in 1960, he was accredited to Tunisia and in 1966 to Cyprus.
    [Show full text]
  • Revisiting the Path of Lebanon Over the Past 100 Years
    REVISITING THE PATH OF LEBANON OVER THE PAST 100 YEARS Analysis of Different Constitutional Aspects of the State REVISITING THE PATH OF LEBANON OVER THE PAST 100 YEARS This book is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercia - Share Alike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Please be notified that the book has been released under a Creative Commons license to allow optimal accessibility while preserving attribution to the contributors and the editor’s work, as long as it is not used for commercial purposes. We would like to provide equal opportunities for anyone who wants to disseminate, write and search on the topic. You can share and adapt the content by remixing, transforming, building and redistributing the material in any medium or format as long as you attribute it and properly credit the authors under the same license as the original. For more information, a copy of this license is available at URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- nc-sa/4.0/ REVISITING THE PATH OF For more information, a copy of this license is available at URL: https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ LEBANON OVER THE PAST 100 YEARS Analysis of Different Constitutional Aspects of the State REVISITING THE PATH OF LEBANON OVER THE PAST 100 YEARS Notre Dame University-Louaize NDU Press© First published: 2020, Lebanon ISBN 978-614-475-009-4 Zouk, Kesrwan, P.O.Box 72 Cover design: Department of Creative Design www.ndu.edu.lb | [email protected] P.O. Box: 72, Zouk, Keserwan Phone: +961 9 208 994/6 REVISITING THE PATH OF LEBANON OVER THE PAST 100 YEARS – ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT CONSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF THE STATE ©2020Notre Dame University - Louaize (NDU) and Rule of Law Programme Middle East and North Africa, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V.
    [Show full text]
  • Geo-Visualization Tools for Participatory Urban Planning the Case of Tripoli, Lebanon
    KARTOGRAPHISCHE BAUSTEINE BAND 35 DRESDEN 2007 Remarks on the cover The cover illustration combines two different types of imagery. The first one forms the background: it is a geocoded mosaic of three QuickBird scenes of Tripoli acquired on 26 January 2003, 8 April 2003 and 2 July 2003. This is overlaid by four photographs depicting typical scenes of the city centre of Tripoli. From East to West they display the following sites: waste on the both sides of the main river (Abu Ali River); street-vendors at the entrance to the old souk; daily traffic jam in the old city; disused houses in the old city waiting for a renovation since the end of the Civil War in 1990. i Note: More than one month after the beginning of the disastrous summer 2006 war in Lebanon I submit my thesis with the hope that it will be the last conflict in my country, the country which is known for its multicultural and multireligious structure. I hope that by the conclusion of my work Lebanon will have peace and peace for ever. Ich habe die vorliegende Dissertation etwas mehr als einen Monat nach dem katastrophalen Krieg im Sommer 2006 im Lebanon eingereicht. Ich hoffe, daß bis zur Fertigstellung des Drucks dieser Konflikt gelöst ist und endlich dauerhafter Frieden im Libanon einkehrt, dem Land, das für seine Multikulturalität und Multireligiosität bekannt ist. Dresden, August 2006 Disclaimer This document describes work undertaken as part of a programme of study at the Dresden University for Technology, Institute of Cartography. All views and opinions expressed therein remain the sole responsibility of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of the institute.
    [Show full text]
  • Lebanon 2020
    LEBANON 2020 LEBANON BESHARA EL-KHOURY Banna & Sayrawan Bldg., Bank Audi sal Beshara El-Khoury Street. Tel: (961-1) 664093. Fax: (961-1) 664096. Member of the Association of Banks in Lebanon Capital: LBP 992,879,819,050 BLISS (as at December 2020) Kanater Bldg., Bliss Street. Consolidated shareholders’ equity: Tel: (961-1) 361793. Fax: (961-1) 361796. LBP 4,448,419,828,889 (as at December 2020) GEFINOR C.R. 11347 Beirut Gefinor Center, Clemenceau Street. List of Banks No. 56 Tel: (961-1) 743400. Fax: (961-1) 743412. HEADQUARTERS HAMRA Bank Audi Plaza, Bab Idriss. Mroueh Bldg., Hamra Street. P.O. Box 11-2560 Beirut - Lebanon Tel: (961-1) 341491. Fax: (961-1) 344680. Tel: (961-1) 994000. Fax: (961-1) 990555. Customer helpline: (961-1) 212120. JNAH Swift: AUDBLBBX. Tahseen Khayat Bldg., Khalil Moutran Street. [email protected] bankaudigroup.com Tel: (961-1) 844870. Fax: (961-1) 844875. BRANCHES MAZRAA Wakf El-Roum Bldg., Saeb Salam Blvd. CORPORATE BRANCHES Tel: (961-1) 305612. ASHRAFIEH – MAIN BRANCH Fax: (961-1) 316873, 300451. SOFIL Center, Charles Malek Avenue. Tel: (961-1) 200250. MOUSSEITBEH Fax: (961-1) 200724, 339092. Makassed Commercial Center, Mar Elias Street. BAB IDRISS Tel: (961-1) 818277. Fax: (961-1) 303084. Bank Audi Plaza, Omar Daouk Street. Tel: (961-1) 977588. SELIM SALAM Fax: (961-1) 999410, 971502. Sharkawi Bldg., Selim Salam Avenue. Tel: (961-1) 318824. Fax: (961-1) 318657. VERDUN Verdun 2000 Center, Rashid Karameh Avenue. SERAIL Tel: (961-1) 805805. Bank Audi Plaza, Omar Daouk Street. Fax: (961-1) 865635, 861885. Tel: (961-1) 952515.
    [Show full text]
  • Corporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Sharp, Deen Shariff Doctoral Thesis — Published Version Corporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon Provided in Cooperation with: The Bichler & Nitzan Archives Suggested Citation: Sharp, Deen Shariff (2018) : Corporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon, Graduate Faculty in Earth and Environmental Sciences, City University of New York, New York, NY, http://bnarchives.yorku.ca/593/ This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/195088 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon C o r p o r a t e U r b a n i z a t i o n By Deen Shariff Sharp, 2018 i City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Graduate Center 9-2018 Corporate Urbanization: Between the Future and Survival in Lebanon Deen S.
    [Show full text]
  • Green Book Cover Rev5
    THE GREEN BUSINESS HANDBOOK Green Actors and Green Marketing DIRECTORY Contact details for companies listed here are in the general directory listing in the last part of this handbook GREEN NGOS FOR BUSINESSES Jozour Loubnan Tree planting campaigns AFDC Tree planting campaigns LibanPack Green packaging design Beeatoona E-cycling all electronic Lebanese Green Building Council equipment Green building certification (ARZ) Cedars for Care Operation Big Blue Association Disposable and biodegradable Seashore cleaning campaigns cutlery TERRE Liban Craft Recycling paper and plastics Recycling paper Recycled notebooks and paper Horsh Ehden Reserve Vamos Todos Eco-tourism activities Eco-tourism activities 133 THE GREEN BUSINESS HANDBOOK Green Actors and Green Marketing CHECKLIST – GREEN MARKETING ❏ Use green material in product packaging and production ❏ Use green methods in product promotion and advertisement ❏ Use online methods to buy and sell products and services ❏ Use online methods to conduct corporate meetings ❏ Brand the product indicating its green attributes (biodegradable, saved trees, recyclable) ❏ Engage the customer in providing feedback on green products and services ❏ Obtain credible certification and make it visible. ❏ Make information readily available about the green initiative. ❏ Provide accurate, understandable information (Use ‘Recyclable Plastic’ instead of ‘Environmentally Friendly’) ❏ Report sustainability to employees, clients, and stakeholders transparently. ❏ Ensure that customer questions and remarks on the product’s
    [Show full text]
  • These Terrorist-Like Statements Were Coupled with Open Threats to Some Arab States, Including Egypt. Moreover, the Israeli Parli
    These terrorist-like statements were coupled with over. What they did, and what they are still doing in open threats to some Arab States, including Egypt. Gaza, in Sinai, in the Golan heights, on the west bank Moreover, the Israeli Parliament adopted a resolution, of Jordan and in the city of Suez, among others, on 5 June, containing threats of reprisals against some bears witness to Israel’s cruelty and terrorism. Let the Arab States. It stipulates that Israel would take action world come and see the cities that once were known against such States “in the exercise of its ‘right’ of for their prosperity and happiness and are now but self-defence”! These threats are designed partly to ruins after the havoc made by the Zionist madness has cover up, for domestic reasons, the complete failure left its mark everywhere in these territories. The re- of the assumptions on which the Israeli policy is based. sponsibility for the deteriorating situation in the Middle They also unveil their clear intention to commit fur- East lies squarely upon Israel and its arrogant and ir- ther aggression against the Arab States in the area, responsible policies and practices, and we categoricalIy in violation of the United Nations Charter. reject all the false allegations uttered by the Israeli Past experience has shown that such “reprisals” officials against Egypt. are executed against women and children (as in the I cannot but underline the clear responsibility of case of Bahr El Bakar in Egypt), against innocent Israel as a result of these official pronouncements and workers and civilians (as in the case of Abu Zaabal in the grave consequences of any action that Israel might Egypt) or against international civil aviation (as in the undertake.
    [Show full text]
  • The Middle East
    GEORGE LEN CZOWSKI / Universiry of California at Berkeley ALSO BY GEORGE LENCZOWSKI The Middle East Iran under the Pahlavis (Editor) Middle East Oil in a Revolutionary Age Oil and State in the Middle East The Politicql Awakening in the Middle East (Editor) in World Affairs Political Elites in the Middle East (Editor) Russia and the West in lran Soviet Advances in the Middle East United Stqtes Interests in the Middle Ecsl (Editor) FOURTH EDITION CORNELL UNIVERSITY PRESS ITHACA AND LONDON t., , rh ,* DSoa-,8 L*4b t q"kb B AND J L. Copyright O 1952, 1956,1962,1980 by Cornell University TO All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be re- produced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information address Cornell University Press, 124 Roberts Place, Ithaca, New York 14850. Published in the United Kingdom by Comell University Press Ltd., 2-4 Brook Street, london WIY 1AA. First edition 1952 Second edition 1956 Third edition 1962 Fourth edition 1980 International Standard Book Number (cloth) 0-8014-1273-0 Intemational Standard Book Number (paper) 0-8014-9872-4 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 79-17059 Printed in the United States of America Librarians: Library ofCongress cataloging information appears on the last page ofthe book, ,i ".-'T|!'EFFr'- 368 THE MTDDLE EA!T tN wonLD AFrAtt! TEBANON 369 the already surcharged atmosphert prcvailing among their followcrt, with the result- the military sensc) justificd thelr porllion by the necessity of Lcbanon's keeping on ing tension between the latter and thc Christian elements of Lcbanon.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hariri Assassination and the Making of a Usable Past for Lebanon
    LOCKED IN TIME ?: THE HARIRI ASSASSINATION AND THE MAKING OF A USABLE PAST FOR LEBANON Jonathan Herny van Melle A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS May 2009 Committee: Dr. Sridevi Menon, Advisor Dr. Neil A. Englehart ii ABSTRACT Dr. Sridevi Menon, Advisor Why is it that on one hand Lebanon is represented as the “Switzerland of the Middle East,” a progressive and prosperous country, and its capital Beirut as the “Paris of the Middle East,” while on the other hand, Lebanon and Beirut are represented as sites of violence, danger, and state failure? Furthermore, why is it that the latter representation is currently the pervasive image of Lebanon? This thesis examines these competing images of Lebanon by focusing on Lebanon’s past and the ways in which various “pasts” have been used to explain the realities confronting Lebanon. To understand the contexts that frame the two different representations of Lebanon I analyze several key periods and events in Lebanon’s history that have contributed to these representations. I examine the ways in which the representation of Lebanon and Beirut as sites of violence have been shaped by the long period of civil war (1975-1990) whereas an alternate image of a cosmopolitan Lebanon emerges during the period of reconstruction and economic revival as well as relative peace between 1990 and 2005. In juxtaposing the civil war and the assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafic Hariri in Beirut on February 14, 2005, I point to the resilience of Lebanon’s civil war past in shaping both Lebanese and Western memories and understandings of the Lebanese state.
    [Show full text]
  • Curios Collections & Maingateamerican University of Beirut Quarterly Magazine
    Summer 2010 Vol. VIII, No. 4 No. VIII, Vol. 2010 Summer Curios& Collections MainGateAmerican University of Beirut Quarterly Magazine Departments: Letters 2 Inside the Gate Views from Campus The Reluctant “Starchitect”: Rem Koolhaas on campus; graduation 2010; 4 R+D: poisonous commutes. Reviews 16 Beyond Bliss Street Legends and Legacies Background check on Daniel Bliss and Marquand House. 50 MainGate Connections The Fabric of Life: Widad Irani Kawar’s collection catalogues the intricacy of 52 traditional Palestinian embroidery. Alumni Profile The Sign of Success: Former investment banker and architect, 54 current novelist and screenwriter Raymond Khoury (BArch ’83) is, as one close friend puts it, an “all-arounder.” Reflections Open Door—Open Minds: Speaking with Maroun Kisirwani (BA ’59, MA ’64) 57 Alumni Happenings 61 Class Notes 65 In Memoriam 72 MainGate is published quarterly in Production American University of Beirut Cover Beirut by the American University Office of Communications of Beirut for distribution to alumni, Office of Communications Terra cotta male figurines Randa Zaiter former faculty, friends, and PO Box 11–0236 (II millennium BC), AUB supporters worldwide. Riad El Solh 1107 2020 Archaeological Museum Photography Beirut, Lebanon AUB Jafet Library Archives Editor Tel: 961-1-353228 Mazen Jannoun Inside Front Cover Ada H. Porter Fax: 961-1-363234 Hasan Nisr Photo by M.O. Williams Director of Communications Nishan Simonian New York Office 3 Dag Hammarskjold Plaza Responsible Director Table of Contents 8th Floor Nabil Dajani
    [Show full text]
  • Lebanon During the Shāril Éulw Presidency, 1964 – 1970*
    LEBANON DURING THE SHĀRIL ÉULW PRESIDENCY, 1964 – 1970* Karol R. SORBY Institute of Oriental Studies, Slovak Academy of Sciences Klemensova 19, 813 64 Bratislava, Slovakia [email protected] The relative calm of the regime of Fu’ād Shihāb (Fouad Chehab) began to wither away during the presidential term of his successor Shāril Éulw (Charles Éelou). In many respects the new regime was supposed to be a continuation of the former one. Political, social and economic reforms were to be carried out as specified under the regime of Fu’ād Shihāb. More important, the role of the army and its Deuxième Bureau in decision-making remained intact and a hard-liner Shihābist, Ilyās Sarkīs, wielded great power as the head of the presidential bureau. The new regime provided a convincing argument that not even Shihābist policies were capable of ameliorating Lebanon’s inherent problems. These problems were structural and could not be solved by reforms. Furthermore, these reforms interfered with the confessional arrangements in the political system and were not easy to implement at a time of relative calm in the region. When major disturbances such as the June 1967 war, began to occur in the area, even these innocuous reforms became unacceptable to the traditional and sectarian forces in the country. Key words: the Arab Cold War, the period of Arab summits, the Shihābist nahj, the PLO’s activities in Lebanon, the Cairo Agreement By 1963, when rumours had begun to circulate that President Fu’ād Shihāb (Fouad Chehab) intended to have the constitution amended by parliament to allow him a second term of office, a powerful coalition of his opponents was beginning to take form.
    [Show full text]