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What Is Hezbollah? Tony Badran
WHAT IS HEZBOLLAH? TONY BADRAN Imagine you live in a small country with more than a hundred thousand missiles pointed at it. And imagine the leaders who control those weapons had one stated purpose: to destroy you—to literally wipe your country off the map. What would do you? Strike first and try to destroy all the weapons? Set up an anti-missile defense system? Or would you ignore the problem and hope it goes away? You can now stop imagining, because these are real-life questions that one country in the world has to ask itself every day. That country is Israel. And the leaders who control these missiles (and the number I gave is a low-ball estimate) belong to an organization known as Hezbollah—Arabic for “Party of God.” Moreover, they’re not rogue terrorists. They actually run a country—Lebanon. You should know something about them. Hezbollah first burst onto the international scene in 1983, when they simultaneously bombed the United States Marine barracks and French paratrooper base in Beirut. 241 Americans— the largest loss of American military personnel in a single incident since World War II—and 58 Frenchmen were killed in the attacks. But this was only the beginning. More bombings followed, killing 24 people at the U.S. Embassy annex in Beirut in 1984; killing 85 at the Jewish Community Center in Buenos Aires in 1994; and killing 19 at a housing complex for American oil executives in Saudi Arabia in 1996. In 1985, Hezbollah terrorists highjacked TWA Flight 847, during which they beat passengers, separated those with Jewish-sounding names, and murdered U.S. -
“Shutting out Hezbollah in Its Entirety Will Destabilize the Lebanese
CLAIM “Shutting out Hezbollah in its entirety will destabilize the Lebanese government, in which Hezbollah and its allies gained a vast majority of the popular vote in parliamentary elections, making it one of the most effective fighting forces against the Islamic State group.” SHORT RESPONSE HEZBOLLAH IS THE DESTABILIZER IN THE LEBANESE GOVERNMENT AND HAS DONE LITTLE TO DEFEAT THE ISLAMIC STATE. INSTEAD, IT ASPIRES TO BECOME SOMETHING SIMILAR. THE FACTS The struggle to reduce the capabilities of a terrorist organization is ongoing, multi-dimensional, and requires a great deal of determination. A terrorist organization such as Hezbollah, which operates simultaneously as a terrorist organization and within the framework of the Lebanese political system as a “legitimate party,” relies on civilian infrastructure, living spaces, and sources of funding. It carries out profit and loss considerations on an ongoing basis. Reducing Hezbollah’s capabilities and influence must be achieved by exerting pressure on the organization — directly and indirectly. The key to this is international cooperation and the mobilization of political elements in the government to reduce Hezbollah’s power. SETTING THE RECORD STRAIGHT ON HEZBOLLAH A Joint Project by AJC and the International Institute for Counter-Terrorism KEY DETAILS WHAT DOES IT REALLY MEAN TO Î For years, an alliance between the Christian camp and the DESIGNATE HEZBOLLAH? Sunnis controlled the centers of power in the Lebanese The significance of designating Hezbollah as a terrorist political system. organization primarily derives from the entities that carry Î The assassination of Rafic Hariri, the Syrian withdrawal out the designation. The list of countries that have made the from Lebanon, Hezbollah’s entry into the government, designated Hezbollah a terrorist organization include: and especially the rivalry in the Christian camp led to the consolidation of new political dynamics, including an alliance Israel 1982 between President Michel Aoun from the Christian camp and Hezbollah. -
MOST VULNERABLE LOCALITIES in LEBANON Coordination March 2015 Lebanon
Inter-Agency MOST VULNERABLE LOCALITIES IN LEBANON Coordination March 2015 Lebanon Calculation of the Most Vulnerable Localities is based on 251 Most Vulnerable Cadastres the following datasets: 87% Refugees 67% Deprived Lebanese 1 - Multi-Deprivation Index (MDI) The MDI is a composite index, based on deprivation level scoring of households in five critical dimensions: i - Access to Health services; Qleiaat Aakkar Kouachra ii - Income levels; Tall Meaayan Tall Kiri Khirbet Daoud Aakkar iii - Access to Education services; Tall Aabbas El-Gharbi Biret Aakkar Minyara Aakkar El-Aatiqa Halba iv - Access to Water and Sanitation services; Dayret Nahr El-Kabir Chir Hmairine ! v - Housing conditions; Cheikh Taba Machta Hammoud Deir Dalloum Khreibet Ej-Jindi ! Aamayer Qoubber Chamra ! ! MDI is from CAS, UNDP and MoSA Living Conditions and House- ! Mazraat En-Nahriyé Ouadi El-Jamous ! ! ! ! ! hold Budget Survey conducted in 2004. Bebnine ! Akkar Mhammaret ! ! ! ! Zouq Bhannine ! Aandqet ! ! ! Machha 2 - Lebanese population dataset Deir Aammar Minie ! ! Mazareaa Jabal Akroum ! Beddaoui ! ! Tikrit Qbaiyat Aakkar ! Rahbé Mejdlaiya Zgharta ! Lebanese population data is based on CDR 2002 Trablous Ez-Zeitoun berqayel ! Fnaydeq ! Jdeidet El-Qaitaa Hrar ! Michmich Aakkar ! ! Miriata Hermel Mina Jardin ! Qaa Baalbek Trablous jardins Kfar Habou Bakhaaoun ! Zgharta Aassoun ! Ras Masqa ! Izal Sir Ed-Danniyé The refugee population includes all registered Syrian refugees, PRL Qalamoun Deddé Enfé ! and PRS. Syrian refugee data is based on UNHCR registration Miziara -
Inter-Agency Q&A on Humanitarian Assistance and Services in Lebanon (Inqal)
INQAL- INTER AGENCY Q&A ON HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE AND SERVICES IN LEBANON INTER-AGENCY Q&A ON HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE AND SERVICES IN LEBANON (INQAL) Disclaimers: The INQAL is to be utilized mainly as a mass information guide to address questions from persons of concern to humanitarian agencies in Lebanon The INQAL is to be used by all humanitarian workers in Lebanon The INQAL is also to be used for all available humanitarian hotlines in Lebanon The INQAL is a public document currently available in the Inter-Agency Information Sharing web portal page for Lebanon: http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/documents.php?page=1&view=grid&Country%5B%5D=122&Searc h=%23INQAL%23 The INQAL should not be handed out to refugees If you and your organisation wish to publish the INQAL on any website, please notify the UNHCR Information Management and Mass Communication Units in Lebanon: [email protected] and [email protected] Updated in April 2015 INQAL- INTER AGENCY Q&A ON HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE AND SERVICES IN LEBANON INTER-AGENCY Q&A ON HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE AND SERVICES IN LEBANON (INQAL) EDUCATION ................................................................................................................................................................ 3 FOOD ........................................................................................................................................................................ 35 FOOD AND ELIGIBILITY ............................................................................................................................................ -
Egyptian Policy Toward Iran and the Challenges of Transition from Break up to Normalization
JOURNAL FOR IRANIAN STUDIES Specialized Studies A Peer-Reviewed Quarterly Periodical Journal Year 1. issue 4, Sep. 2017 ISSUED BY Arabian Gulf Centre for Iranian Studies Egyptian Policy toward Iran and the Challenges of Transition from Break Up to Normalization Mo’taz Salamah (Ph.D.) Head of the Arab and Regional Studies Unit and Director of the Arabian Gulf Program at the Al-Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies Mohammad Saied Alsayyad Intellectual and Ideological Studies Researcher in the Arabian Gulf Center for Iranian Studies espite the news and calls of some Egyptian and Iranian personalities to restore relations between the two Dcountries, no significant development has been noticed in Egypt-Iran ties for about four decades. Some observers expected that the Iranian nuclear deal in 2015 would enhance rapprochement between Cairo and Tehran, but so far, no changes have been made, nor do signs indicate a normalization of relations between the two countries.(1) Journal for Iranian Studies 41 Diplomatic ties between Egypt and Iran have been severed since the Iranian revolution in 1979, the Camp David Accords, and process of establishing peace between Egypt and Israel. These relations deteriorated primarily due to Egypt’s hosting of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi– Iran’s former monarch – despite the new Iranian leaders’ demands that Egypt hands him over for trial. In addition, the Iranian leadership adopted a hard line against Cairo by naming one of Tehran’s main streets after Khalid Islambouli, who assassinated President Sadat in 1981 – and hosting a number of Egyptian Islamic groups that escaped trial in Egypt and took refuge in Iran.(2) Iran’s practices also included inciting the Egyptian people against their regime and even hosting terrorist groups that, until recently, the Iranian media called Muslim Rebels.(3) Egypt and Iran are two key powers in the region. -
Lamia Joreige a Brief History of Ouzaï
ﳌﻴﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺞ، Lamia Joreige A Brief History of OuzaÏ Produced for the exhibition Under-Writing Beirut Marfa’ ©2017 A Brief History of OuzaÏ, 2017 Graphite pencil and inkjet print on paper 15 drawings, 40 x 30 cm Images based on photographs and documents from Assayad magazine, Elyssar, Ahmad Gharbieh, Lamia Joreige, Life Collection. Texts based on conversations with Firas Beydoun, Makram Beydoun, Wadah Charara, Elie Chedid, Farouk Dakdouki, Fadi Fawaz, Mustapha Nasser, Ramzieh Nasser, Salah Nasser, Zahed Clerc-Huybrechts, Wafa Charafeddine, Mona Fawaz, Mona Harb, Falk Jähnigen, Steven Judd, Mohammad Nokkari. professional actors, who were improvising and performing scenes inspired by their love affairs, professional lives, friendships and the places that are dear to them. The city and with their daily lives, I highlighted a malaise in present day-Beirut. One of the main characters of And the Living Is Easy is Firas Beydoun, who was born and lived then in Ouzaï, and whose grandfather, Ali Hassan Nasser, a pioneer, established his life and professional activities there, but also built a mosque, and a local leader (‘za3im’). As I pursued my project Under-Writing Beirut, I got interested in researching the history of Ouzaï, and met several members and acquaintances of the Nasser family. This piece, part of the project’s third chapter: Under-Writing these encounters as well as on the mundane and historic places that are enmeshed with the narratives of this area. Special Thanks to: Joumana Asseily, Firas Beydoun, Makram Beydoun, Wadah Charara, Sandra Dagher, Farouk Dakdouki, Ahmad Gharbieh, Ramzi Joreige, Cherine Karam, Mustapha Nasser, Ramzieh Nasser, Salah Nasser, Zahed Nasser, Anna Ogden-Smith, Lea Paulikevitch, Intisar Rabb, Ely Skaff, Scope Ateliers, Faysal Arabic Translation: Nisrine Nader اﻟﺘﻘﻴﺖ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص واﳌﻌﺎرف ﻣﻦ آل ﻧﺎﴏ. -
Urbanization and the Changing Character of the Arab City
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR WESTERN ASIA URBANIZATION AND THE CHANGING CHARACTER OF THE ARAB CITY United Nations Distr. GENERAL E/ESCWA/SDD/2005/1 19 April 2005 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR WESTERN ASIA URBANIZATION AND THE CHANGING CHARACTER OF THE ARAB CITY United Nations New York, 2005 Some references set forth in this paper were not submitted by the authors for verification. These references are reproduced in the form in which they were received. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Secretariat. 05-0247 Preface This publication sheds light on the role of development in shaping the character of the Arab city, with the aim of contributing to the discourse on urban development in the Arab region. It is divided into three parts, analysing the experience of three Arab cities, namely: Amman, Beirut and Dubai. Diligent effort and extensive cooperation has gone into preparing this publication. Special thanks are extended to the following: Mr. George Arbid, for drafting the case study of Beirut and the overall conclusion; Mr. Mohammad Al-Assad, for drafting the case study of Amman; Messrs. Hashim Sarkis and Nasser Abulhasan, for drafting the case study of Dubai; Mr. Riadh Tappuni, Leader of the Urban Development and Housing Policies Team, who led the effort in setting the thematic framework of this publication and supervised its preparation; and Ms. Nadine Chalak, research assistant, who reviewed the publication and worked on its layout. c d Executive summary As a contribution to the discourse on urban development, this study is aimed at analysing the changes that the Arab cities have undergone and are still undergoing as a result of such major forces as rural-urban migration, population growth and socio-economic developments, taking into consideration the historical background of the city and its social capital. -
The WLCU History
History of the R W o n rld nio Le ral U NG banese Cultu O UN Ass GC- ociated with the D A ccr -UN edited at ECOSOC World Lebanese Cultural Union 1959 - 2020 Dr Natalio Chidiac Havana -Cuba 1959 uJanuary 31st 1959: Dr Natalio Chidiac founded The Federation of Intercontinental Lebanese Entities (FIEL) in Havana, Cuba. It brought under its umbrella Lebanese entities from the Americas only. The origin of FIEL and WLCU The Lebanese Cabinet August 29th 1959: The Lebanese Cabinet decided at its meeting, to lay the ground for a “conference” that connects all the Lebanese living abroad. 1st FIEL Congress - 1960 u January 31st 1960: 1st FIEL Congress was held in Mexico City and founded the World Lebanese Union (WLU), an organization that embraces Lebanese entities from both inside and outside the Americas. Regions such as Australia and Africa would also be involved. A Lebanese presidential decree - 1960 u March 1st 1960: A Lebanese presidential decree number 3423 was issued creating a permanent central committee headed by the Lebanese Foreign Minister, its mission was to plan a Diaspora conference aiming to adopt a permanent “official institution” for the Lebanese emigrants worldwide. The 1st WLU Congress – Beirut 1960 u September 15th 1960: The 1st WLU Congress was held at the UNESCO Palace in Beirut, Lebanon. The World Lebanese Union is adopted as the sole official representative of the Lebanese Diaspora. The Congress was inaugurated by the Lebanese President of the Republic Fouad Chehab, the Prime Minister Saeb Salam and the Foreign Minister Philip Takla. The World Lebanese Union according to its first constitution, selected an executive office, headed temporarily by the Foreign Minister to oversee the Union until the future elections of a World President and World Council. -
Lebanese Craftsmanship Insights for Policymaking
Case study on Bourj Hammoud Lebanese Craftsmanship insights for policymaking Farah Makki Lebanese Craftsmanship Insights for policymaking Case study on Bourj Hammoud Farah Makki Research report July 2019 An Action Research for policymaking on Lebanese craftsmanship: a strategic collaboration framework between NAHNOO and BADGUER since 2018. "This Research Report was made possible thanks to the support of the Public Affairs Section at the U.S. Embassy in Beirut. The opinions, findings and conclusions stated herein are those to the author[s] and do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Department of State." NAHNOO a platform to engage the young generations in policy-making NAHNOO is a youth organization working for a more inclusive society and specialized in leading advocacy campaigns to promote Good Governance, Public Spaces, and Cultural Heritage. Through multidisciplinary and participatory research, capacity-building workshops, and grassroots activities, NAHNOO provides a platform for young people to identify important causes for the community, engage in Farah MAKKI MAKKI Farah development activities and nurture the skills needed to impact policy-making at the local and national levels. NAHNOO advocates for the promotion of the diversity of – – NAHNOO NAHNOO Lebanese cultural heritage to enable its members to celebrate their shared identity. In preserving both tangible and - - Lebanesecraftsmanship: insights policy for intangible forms of cultural heritage, NAHNOO aims to highlight the collective history of the country. BADGUER A projection of a nation and its culture - making In 2012, one of the oldest buildings of Marash neighborhood in Bourj Hammoud underwent a cultural renovation. The – 2019/ perking two-story house was turned into the Badguèr Center, 2020 established by the Mangassarian family and aiming to revive Armenian cultural heritage. -
Working Paper 2006/29
EUI WORKING PAPERS RSCAS No. 2006/29 Lebanese Politics of Nationality and Emigration Thibaut Jaulin EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Mediterranean Programme Series jaulin cov.indd 1 19/09/2006 12:02:40 EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE, FLORENCE ROBERT SCHUMAN CENTRE FOR ADVANCED STUDIES Lebanese Politics of Nationality and Emigration THIBAUT JAULIN EUI Working Paper RSCAS No. 2006/29 BADIA FIESOLANA, SAN DOMENICO DI FIESOLE (FI) © 2006 Thibaut Jaulin This text may be downloaded only for personal research purposes. Any additional reproduction for such purposes, whether in hard copies or electronically, require the consent of the author. Requests should be addressed directly to the author. See contact details at end of text. If cited or quoted, reference should be made to the full name of the author, the title, the working paper, or other series, the year and the publisher. Any reproductions for other purposes require the consent of the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. The author should inform the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies at the EUI if the paper will be published elsewhere and also take responsibility for any consequential obligation(s). ISSN 1028-3625 Printed in Italy in September 2006 European University Institute Badia Fiesolana I – 50016 San Domenico di Fiesole (FI) Italy http://www.iue.it/RSCAS/Publications/ http://cadmus.iue.it/dspace/index.jsp Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies The Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies carries out disciplinary and interdisciplinary research in the areas of European integration and public policy in Europe. It hosts the annual European Forum. -
Layout CAZA AAKAR.Indd
Qada’ Akkar North Lebanon Qada’ Al-Batroun Qada’ Bcharre Monuments Recreation Hotels Restaurants Handicrafts Bed & Breakfast Furnished Apartments Natural Attractions Beaches Qada’ Al-Koura Qada’ Minieh - Dinieh Qada’ Tripoli Qada’ Zgharta North Lebanon Table of Contents äÉjƒàëªdG Qada’ Akkar 1 QɵY AÉ°†b Map 2 á£jôîdG A’aidamoun 4-27 ¿ƒeó«Y Al-Bireh 5-27 √ô«ÑdG Al-Sahleh 6-27 á∏¡°ùdG A’andaqet 7-28 â≤æY A’arqa 8-28 ÉbôY Danbo 9-29 ƒÑfO Deir Jenine 10-29 ø«æL ôjO Fnaideq 11-29 ¥ó«æa Haizouq 12-30 ¥hõ«M Kfarnoun 13-30 ¿ƒfôØc Mounjez 14-31 õéæe Qounia 15-31 É«æb Akroum 15-32 ΩhôcCG Al-Daghli 16-32 »∏ZódG Sheikh Znad 17-33 OÉfR ï«°T Al-Qoubayat 18-33 äÉ«Ñ≤dG Qlaya’at 19-34 äÉ©«∏b Berqayel 20-34 πjÉbôH Halba 21-35 ÉÑ∏M Rahbeh 22-35 ¬ÑMQ Zouk Hadara 23-36 √QGóM ¥hR Sheikh Taba 24-36 ÉHÉW ï«°T Akkar Al-A’atiqa 25-37 á≤«à©dG QɵY Minyara 26-37 √QÉ«æe Qada’ Al-Batroun 69 ¿hôàÑdG AÉ°†b Map 40 á£jôîdG Kouba 42-66 ÉHƒc Bajdarfel 43-66 πaQóéH Wajh Al-Hajar 44-67 ôéëdG ¬Lh Hamat 45-67 äÉeÉM Bcha’aleh 56-68 ¬∏©°ûH Kour (or Kour Al-Jundi) 47-69 (…óæédG Qƒc hCG) Qƒc Sghar 48-69 Qɨ°U Mar Mama 49-70 ÉeÉe QÉe Racha 50-70 É°TGQ Kfifan 51-70 ¿ÉØ«Øc Jran 52-71 ¿GôL Ram 53-72 ΩGQ Smar Jbeil 54-72 π«ÑL Qɪ°S Rachana 55-73 ÉfÉ°TGQ Kfar Helda 56-74 Gó∏MôØc Kfour Al-Arabi 57-74 »Hô©dG QƒØc Hardine 58-75 øjOôM Ras Nhash 59-75 ¢TÉëf ¢SGQ Al-Batroun 60-76 ¿hôàÑdG Tannourine 62-78 øjQƒæJ Douma 64-77 ÉehO Assia 65-79 É«°UCG Qada’ Bcharre 81 …ô°ûH AÉ°†b Map 82 á£jôîdG Beqa’a Kafra 84-97 GôØc ´É≤H Hasroun 85-98 ¿hô°üM Bcharre 86-97 …ô°ûH Al-Diman 88-99 ¿ÉªjódG Hadath -
Lebanon National Operations Room Daily Report on COVID-19
Lebanon National Operations Room Daily Report on COVID-19 Thursday, October 29, 2020 Report #225 Time Published: 9:30 PM New in the report: Names of laboratories that did not specify the judiciary, place of residence, or phone number for a number of positive cases, which affects tracking cases and identifying those in contact to conduct the necessary checks within the past 24 hours Number of Cases by Location • 13,677 case is Under investigation Beirut 120 Chouf 71 Kesrwen 84 Matn 266 Ein Al Mreisseh 3 Damour 5 Sarba 2 Borj Hammoud 9 Ras Beirut 1 Saadiyat 2 Kaslik 4 Nabaa 2 Rouche 3 Naameh 3 Zouk Michael 8 Sin El Fil 9 Hamra 8 Haret Al Naameh 3 Ghadir 3 Horch Tabet 2 Snoubra 1 Chhim 8 Zouk Mosbeh 25 Jesr Al Basha 1 Mseitbeh 8 Mazboud 1 Adonis 3 Jdeidet Al Metn 11 Mar Elias 5 Dalhoun 1 Haret Sakher 4 Bouchrieh 3 Unesco 1 Daraya 3 Sahel Alma 4 Dora 2 Sanayeh 2 Anout 1 Tabarja 2 Rawda 4 Zarif 5 Barja 5 Adma & Dafneh 1 Sed El Bouchrieh 5 Mina Al Hosn 2 Jiyyeh 4 Ajaltoun 3 Sabtieh 5 Mazraa 10 Jadra 1 Ballouneh 8 Deir Mar Roukoz 1 Borj Abi Haidar 6 Wady Al Zayne 1 Sehaileh 2 Dekwene 22 Basta Fawka 1 Bkifa 1 Ein Al Rihaneh 1 Mkalles 1 Tariq Jdeedeh 16 Zaarourieh 1 Ghosta 2 Antelias 7 Ras Al Nabaa 3 Deir Al Qamar 2 Kfour 2 Jal El Dib 11 Basta Tahta 3 Mgheiry 1 Harissa 2 Naqqash 8 Al Khadr 1 Ein Zhalta 1 Ashkout 1 New Naqqash 1 Ashrafieh 13 Baaqline 1 Feitroun 1 Zalqa 6 Sioufy 1 Niha 3 Raashine 1 Byaqout 4 Others 27 Baadaran 1 Faraya 1 Bellview 3 Baabda 279 Mrasty 1 Others 4 Dbayyeh 9 Chiah 14 Batloun 1 Byblos 49 Mansourieh 13 Jnah 16 Others 20