Bourj Hammoud, Lebanon

NABAA NeighboUrhood profile & strategy Bourj Hammoud, Lebanon

March 2017

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is the is the FOREWORD Copyright © 2017UN-Habitat. All rights reserved. Cover Photo: Riham Kuwatli, UN-Habitat (2016) interested (AICS), Beirut. Director of the Italian Agency for Department Cooperation Gianandrea Sandri social, to the supportof solutions AICS, UN-Habitat iscommitted to realising. with that, integrated work is this challenges, inform structural and economic can that identified on needs based profiles of production the cities, four fromneighbourhoods in Fromoverallofconditions analysis urban at aimed reshuffle, economic development andsocialgrowth. actions needs but emergency, mere addressed a be as cannot situation the scale, and duration of terms in characteristics the structural addressits of to Because situation. tool best the is project, this ascharacterises institutions, stakeholder and society civil involves that For these reasons we consider that a multisectoral approach, the socialorganisation of onthe neighbourhoods. and fabric economic local the on infrastructure, health and social to stress adding communities, host of life daily the on impacting is population urban in increase rapid The million refugees fleeing the Syrian civil war.a over of influx the with years six last the over surged has urbanisation is an established trend in Lebanon, the process Whilst areas. metropolitan many in vulnerability social with constant and rapid the urbanisation of the country’s sincecities is a factor associated emergency” the “Address of the population. principal road to a better quality of life for vulnerable groups a term, long and medium the in is, cities Lebaneseof areas marginal the strengthen in services public to enhance and infrastructure working because development” “Building Human Nations United the Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat). with together realising financing and is Italian (AICS) the is Cooperation that Development for emergency” intervention Agency the the behind philosophy address the to development “Building infrastructuresand enhance this project this philosophy

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h Nba rfln eecs t te eane o Bourj and challenges. of remainder extend the to to conditionscommonshares that unit territoriala Hammoud, us exercise with profiling work Nabaa will the UN-Habitat that hope We neighbourhood. Nabaa the and Hammoud Bourj of benefit that were effortsput into it. We the intend to appreciate make the highlymost of it for and the report, this welcome We the master plan”. the and orpartial interventionsholistic in ways into“fit part that the profile guiding in neighbourhood and urgentneeds, most the determine to helping the context,in a valuable tool strategyprove couldbe neighbourhood to this In improvement of our city. most and the rehabilitation Wethe for planning of as well as some issues, urgent challenges. with dealing these with overcome begun already have to determined are We due to the civil war, successive conflicts and general neglect. Today, this densely populated area is facing several challenges from around the country andabroad. people job-seeking for point attraction an into turned soon that zone commercial and industrial prosperous a became area The there. businesses and residences constructed and area the inhabited descendants their and day.These the of the Armenian Genocide were settled there by the authorities of survivors until families, farming few a to home was area swampythis capital, boundaryofthe northern the on Being active and vibrant industrialandeconomic hubs. diverse populations in the country. It isalsooneof the most Bourj Hammoud is a municipal district with one of the most Country Programme Manager at UN-Habitat Lebanon Tarek Osseiran and team encouraged the cooperation of community field members. the of work the facilitated who mobilisers community to due is Gratitude recognised. in also exercise is profiling Nabaa, this beyond goes which ACTED with and infrastructure assessment. The on-going collaboration contributed to the field work,providingbuilding in the input University of Notre Dame (NDU), through which 42 students I would like to acknowledge the partnership with the the assessment and validation processes. into inputs providingvaluable in actors other community and members of involvement the appreciate highly I drafts. the team, contributing to the provision of data and reviewing for the Municipality of Bourj Hammoud in Cooperationfacilitating the work of ofcommitment Italian the acknowledge also I possible. document the this made which support, to generous their for Development appreciation deep our express to like would I Lebanon, UN-Habitat of behalf On Mayor of BourjHammoud Mardig Boghossian Credits & Acknowledgements

The Nabaa Neighbourhood Profile and Strategy was prepared with information collected through a field assessment and interviews with local residents and key neighbourhood members. We wish to thank them for their contribution to the production of the Neighbourhood Profile for Nabaa, which provided the foundation for the Neighbourhood Strategy.

The field work was conducted by: • Fourth year architecture students from Notre Dame University (NDU) in Lebanon: Raia Abi Aoun, Christelle Moussa, Ragheb Salameh, Yara Younes, Thierry-Georges Khalil, Michel Nacouzi, Rawad Al Kadi, Neveen Al Zowaini, Maysam Al Richani, Anthony Badawi, Nada Keyrouz, Johnny Ghanimeh, Farid, Geagea, Line Nehme, Clara Habib, Samer Zod, Christina El Saidy, Rnady Ghraizy, Ghady Abou Habib, Sarah Dsouki, Yehya Yassine, Georges Abi Karam, Roudy Fattouh, Camelia Mina, Aline Tashijian, Melina Salhab, Jad Hani, Cynthia Matta, Ali Saad, Suzanne Mohammad, Jad Nasser, MIkel Nakhle, Elie Matar, Nancy Al Aridi, Rosemary Chamoun, Oliver Hachem, Georges Mehanna, Maria Diane Nakhoul, Andrew Al Tamer, Ghiwa Khoury, Marie Lyse Azzi and Layla Antoun-Tartak.

• Community mobilisers: Ahmad Fakhr El Din, Ali Nasserdine, Fadi Fakhr El Din, Fatima Fakher El Din, Fadwa Iskandar, Hayat Fakhreddine, Iman Alyatama, Lina Chamas, Liza Dichakejian, Mhammad Hadla, Mhammad Zaydan, Nissrine Iskandar, Rania Nahra, Rabab Iskandar, Renee Brayteh and Zainab Al khamis.

• UN-Habitat Lebanon Staff: Ali Saad, Amal Merali, Christelle Khalil, Dani Harake, Elie Mansour, Hassan Zaiter, Hayat Gebara, Khalil El Hariri, Lady Habchi, Marwa Boustani, Maria Karam, Maryam Nazzal, Riham Kowatly, Samer Schinder, Sawsan Saad, Suzanne Maguire, Synne Bergby and Peter Khoury.

• The findings were validated through a series of meetings with local representatives of different age, gender and professions. The participants were comprised of: Georges Krikorian (Municipality of Bourj Hammoud), Wael Zaayter (Activist/ Municipal Police Guard), Mohammad Hachem (El Ahliah School Director), Hayat Fakhreddine (Activist), Moussa Cherri (Mokhtar), Miled Aoun (Mar Takla School Director), Ferial Aoun (Mar Takla School), Rajaa El Zein (Syrian Refugee), Fawzieye Blayble (Activist), Louis Saad and Christian Saker (ACTED representatives), Elie Najjar and Ghassan Assaad (Key informants) and Issam Lamaa (Key informant).

This report has been prepared by Dani Harake and Riham Kuwalti, with major contributions from Ali Saad, George Abi Sleiman, Julie Brun and Rena Abou Chawareb; and input from Elie Mansour, Maryam Nazzal, Nour Lababidi, and Suzanne Maguire, and all of UN-Habitat Lebanon. UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ NABAA - BOURJ HAMMOUD / 2017 problems includingcapacity gaps andpriorities. The opportunities. agreementon mutual stage. a ideallyapproachThisin results and municipal problems findings are refined based on feedback from this participatory to regarding findings build consensus the to order in presenting members community and representatives entails 3 Phase participants group takes into focus account factors such as age, gender and nationality. of selection The representatives. school owners, (I)NGO business and figures, religious managers, healthcare principals, (mukhtars), residents, officials group with public focus interviews oflocal informant series key a and conducting discussions of consists 2 Phase and mapping GIS-based using systematic questionnaires. collected is Information interviewskeyopen-ended with informantsbuilding. for each on based unit residential by count population a involves two the of condition the activities, on a base of a recordcomprehensive visual inspection. Part and identify buildings, the basic infrastructure services, and to all commercial is one Part process. two-part a in assessment field a comprises 1 Phase UN-Habitat neighbourhood profiling consists of three phases: METHODOLOGY to their wider urbancontexts. ofhowrelateand averagesto, blind these are district cityand that pockets urban vulnerable most the in dynamics urban of monitoring and understanding better for used be can that contribute to building a national also database of comparable data They authorities. local and organisations humanitarian project fortargeting and inform profiles Neighbourhood implementation. formulation strategy to lead each that profiles UN-Habitat produces complementary city* and neighbourhood Crisis for Lebanon 2017-2020. Lebanese the Framework Strategic with UN the and 2017-2020 line Plan Response in neighbourhoods poor response crisis in urban the multi-cohort improve to multi-sectoral, tool analytical a spatial is profile neighbourhood A NEIGHBOURHOOD PROF City Strategy, andinform strategic project identification. a to lead database, urban national a generate response, crisis the urban the inform to byis purpose Its area. up defined continuouslybuilt is boundary the where city, a of geographical, area urban updated continually the of analysis and a description multi-sectoral and statistical is Profile City *The ILE PURPOSE response phase. this under outlined be also may relevance ongoing of likely be directions to strategic General execution. its for needed frame time the to or level priority tertiary or secondary its to either due respectively, years four or two within undertaken be Long& Mid Term - Response: should be intervention should An that that intervention undertaken within a An year to mitigate further deterioration. Response: Short-term - urban basic of service provision. realm the in need emergency be to or should stability social for criticality that its to due intervention months six within An undertaken Response: Immediate - the following format: in phased challenges urban and economic social, specific to group discussions. The strategy suggests actions that respond local from input representatives,municipal and activestakeholders, focusand with formulated been have Interventions likely availability of or funds. actual the of irrespective needs, identified of in order phased are Recommendations governance. effective for living capacity improving and housing, and services improving urban basic of upgrading on the stabilisation, community focus through conditions strategies the Substantively, optimal potentiating efficiencies. operational and programming advanced, holistic targetting, be may engagement and action multi-stakeholder and multi-sector integrated which in geography defined a with starts approach area-based The entry. of points sector-based or cohort-based to alternative recommendations derives from their area-based the nature, as an of strength The neighbourhoods. urban in response the Lebanon Crisis Response Plan and local authorities to enhance basis for fostering coordinated action between partners to the UN-Habitat Lebanon produces neighbourhood strategies as a the of area. outcomes the by same the for informed2016) (UN-Habitat, (NP) Profile Neighbourhood is that plan response The Neighbourhood Strategy is a spatial and thematic phased NEIGHBOURHOOD STRATEG h slcie cp o U-aia ado te current the and/or UN-Habitat methodology, of or may require further study. to scope due be selective may the interventions potential of omission The Disclaimer : METHODOLOGY Y P Y URPOSE RESOURCES FOR IMPLEMENTATION I. NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE 1

Interventions proposed in this document require resources for SPACE 3 implementation. There is a wide spectrum of resource types from the monetary to the non-monetary in nature and the GOVERNANCE 4 local to non-local in origin. Monetary resources can emerge from: POPULATION 5 - Local NGOs or municipal budgets, or private sector oragnisations (e.g. through Corporate Social Responsibilty SAFETY & SECURITY 7 spending). - Non-local national/international donors and NGOs, and SOCIAL SERVICES 9 various public sector budgets. LOCAL ECONOMY & LIVELIHOODS 11 Non-monetary resources can be: - Competences such as local volunteered community-based HOUSING 14 capacities. - Formal governance capital such as institutional powers BASIC URBAN SERVICES 18 vested in municipalities or regional/national state entities. POTABLE WATER 18 WASTEWATER 18 Monetary and non-monetary resources are to an extent STORMWATER interchangeable though interventions typically require a 19 combination of both for implementation and sustainability. ELECTRICITY 19 Monetary resourcing requirements set out against Urban SOLID WASTE 22 Upgrading interventions are indicative estimates, and do not specify sources of capital. Further, costs may be open to value SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS 24 engineering; specifically, optimal coordination of interventions in time and space can maximise impact per unit cost. II. NEIGHBOURHOOD STRATEGY 25

GOVERNANCE 27

SOCIAL STABILITY 29 SAFETY & SECURITY 30 LOCAL ECONOMY 31 A PROTECTIVE ENVIRONMENT FOR CHILDREN 32 GENDER EQUALITY 33 YOUTH EMPOWERMENT 34

URBAN UPGRADING 35 HOUSING 36 STORM & WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT 38 ELECTRICITY MANAGEMENT 40 CIRCULATION FACILITATION 41 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 42

UN-Habitat Lebanon City and Neighbourhood reports are available online at https://unhabitat.org/lebanon/ or http://data.unhcr.org/lebanon/.

For further information including GIS data, contact [email protected]. UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ NABAA - BOURJ HAMMOUD / 2017 Figure 18 Figure 5 Figure 4Population distributionby residential unit Figure 22 Figure 10 Figure 9 Figure 8 provided inNabaa anditssurroundings Figure 7Service providers: Map outlining the socialservices conditions andsafety &security findings Figure 3 Figure 25 Figure 11 Figure 26 Figure 24 Figure 23 Figure 21 Figure 20Building connection to electricity network Figure 19 Figure 17 Figure 16Building connection to wastewater network Figure 15 Figure 14 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 6 interventions andcommunity development responses Figure 47 Inter-linkages between urbanupgrading Figure 46Solid waste management (phased response) Figure 45Sidewalk condition (phased response) Figure 44Road condition (phased response) Figure 40 43Building connection to electricity (phased response) Figure 42Electricity management (phased response) (phased response) Figure 41 Building connection to stormwater network (phased response) Figure 40Building connection to wastewater network Figure 39Stormwater and wastewater networks response plan supply (phased response) Figure 38Buildings connection to the potable water Figure spaces 37Communal condition (phased response) Figure 36Building exterior condition (phased response) Figure 35Building structural condition (phased response) Figure 34Sports fields outsideNabaa Figure 33Schools within Nabaa Figure 32Nabaa’s major workshop types Figure 31Nabaa’s major consumer goods enterprises Figure 30Potential spaces within Nabaa Figure 29Open spaces around Nabaa among Nabaa residents Figure 28Main strategies to mitigate vulnerabilities Figure 27Infrastructure performance Figure 2 and itsneighbouringcadastres Figure 1Aerial mapshowing Nabaa inBourjHammoud LIST OF FIGURES

Building connection to potable water network 19 Wastewater street mapping Building connection to stormwater network Residential Unit Conditions Mapping of shopsand workshops Services andStakeholders Population inNabaa Categories of shopsand workshops Gathering spaces Building Condition Business growth stage Problem tree analysis basedonsocio-economic Space usemap Potable water street mapping Solid waste street mapping Road condition mapping Electricity street mapping Street lighting mapping Stormwater street mapping Population inBourjHammoud Sidewalk condition mapping 37

36 36 39 40 30 30 38 43 34 42 39 28 33 32 23 22 22 22 22 37 41 41 16 19 19 19 13 13 31 21 12 21 21 21 17 11 11 4 6 9 8 3 5 5 Hammoud Cadastre Table 2Alternative population estimates for Bourj Population distributionby residential unit Table 1 LIST OF TABLES UNRWA United UN-Habitat Nations Human Settlements Programme SR SLWE RTO PRS PRL PARD The Popular Aid For Relief andDevelopment NRC MOEW MEHE LEB GUPW EDL LIST OF UN-Habitat (2015).BeirutRiver 2.0 Pilot Project. UNRWA. (2016). Registration data. of as cadaster by 31/12/2015. registered refugees Syrian (2015). UNHCR. in Lebanon. PropertyIssuesand Land HousingLebanon.(2014). UN-Habitat UNRWA (2016) Registration data. of as cadaster by registered 31/12/2015. refugees Syrian (2015) UNHCR the of Plan Master Physical Lebanese Territory. National (2005) IAURIF & DAR Resources, Municipality: BourjHammoud. and Risks of Maps The (2015) UNDP Affairs, Social of Ministry Ministry of Economy and Trade (2014) Lebanon SMEStrategy. ACTED (2015, June) SocialMapping. ACTED (2015) ACTED Church. Passports, Salib ACTED (2015) ACTED Passports, Mar Takla. ACTED (2015) ACTED Passports, Farhat Mosque. BIBLIOGRAPHY

United Nations Relief and Works Agency Syrian Refugees SouthLebanon Water Establishment Regional Technical Office Palestinian Refugees from Syria Palestinian Refugees from Lebanon Norwegian Refugee Council Ministry of Energy & Water Ministry of Education &Higher Education Lebanese nationals General Union of Palestinian Women Electricité duLiban ACRO NYMS

6 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The selection process of Nabaa was jointly conducted by local authorities, (I)NGOS active in the neighbourhood, local community representatives, and UN-Habitat Lebanon. The aim was to select a vulnerable urban neighbourhood with poor socio-economic status, sharing stresses on basic urban services. The boundary verification was carried out through a participatory approach using community-based knowledge, (I)NGOs and municipal expertise.

The Nabaa neighbourhood is strategically located near the eastern gate of the centre of Beirut at an important cluster of principal roads connecting with major hubs and regions. Nabaa is a planned neighbourhood that is well structured. It is a poor residential area characterised by deteriorated infrastructure and inadequate access to basic urban services offering poor living conditions for its residents. Combined with the limited capacity of the local authorities and service providers, (I) NGOs are particularly active in the area, but sometimes lack coordination between one another.

This neighbourhood also includes small shops and workshops that constitute part of its economic base. Many residents work in the service industry in other areas of Beirut. The number of small businesses has increased in the recent years, however most do not survive for more than five years. A complex socio-cultural environment, reported high unemployment and school drop-out rates, as well as limited law enforcement pose a threat to safety, with street fights, weapon possession and discrimination reported by key informants and community members.

Improving gender equality, enhancing environmental safety for children and empowering youth can help foster a stabilised community. Addressing building conditions and basic urban services management, guided by identified gaps and challenges, has the potential to reinforce social stability by improving livelihood opportunities, the neighbourhood’s accessibility, a more secure environment and better quality of life.

Beirut Metn Nabaa

Baabda 8 UN-Habitat Lebanon / Neighbourhood PROFILE & STRATEGY/ NABAA - BOURJ HAMMOUD / 2017 PA profile NeighboUrhood R T 1.

1 2 UN-Habitat Lebanon / Neighbourhood PROFILE & STRATEGY/ NABAA - BOURJ HAMMOUD / 2017 © Riham Kuwatli, UN-Habitat (2016) SPACE The neighbourhood of Nabaa is located Since the 1930s, the neighbourhood has Armenians settled in three camps in in the eastern suburbs of Beirut within developed incrementally from empty Bourj Hammoud. The 1980 and 2006 Bourj Hammoud cadaster. It is a densely agricultural land with some farmhouses Israeli invasions of Beirut and South built up residential area in Greater Beirut, into a high density urban area today. Lebanon also forced major migration of accommodating low income population Shiite families into the area. From 2011, groups including poor Lebanese, Syrian, Nabaa’s historical demographic pattern Nabaa witnessed a dramatic increase Palestinian and Iraqi refugees and foreign has influenced space development. in Syrian residents seeking refuge migrant workers from African and Asian The neighbourhood witnessed its first from the Syrian war. All these changes countries. demographic growth wave in 1915 after have transformed the socio-economic the Armenian genocide when displaced structure of the neighbourhood.

N Figure 1 Aerial map showing Nabaa in Bourj Hammoud and its neighbouring cadastres 0 250 500

3 4 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ NABAA - BOURJ HAMMOUD / 2017 GOVERNANCE Mosque. ou gop icsin udrae in undertaken discussions group Focus origin. of locality registered their outside are most to ineligible voteare and Bekaa fromthe as impact displaced majorfrom the South of Lebanon and a Nabaa have collectively not elections, do residents Lebanese municipal During to accessible residents. physically are services administrative Central central administration. representing Hammoud Bourj in office security general a and Nabaa, Source: Adapted from ACTED (2015) Passports, Farhat Farhat Passports, (2015) ACTED from Adapted Source: 2 Figure SERVICES &STAKEHOLDERS mukhtars six are There and on investment. returns organisations hindering authorities, local active coordination between weak report Informants increased and population. resources, human and technical financial, of shortage a to part in due likely is different This services. urban basic facing to related gaps addressing is in challenges municipality The Governorate.Lebanon Mount of division District and belongs to the administrative of jurisdiction Bourj the Hammoud Municipality in the Metn within falls Nabaa STAT their current condition Nabaa with theircorresponding (publicactors private)andand E /FORMAL:

evcs n Saeodr - evcs rvdd in provided Services - Stakeholders and Services 1 rsn in present of the authorities. management or supervision the rents without the control who brokers housing the are Nabaa within entities main powerful the interrupt more of one to Similarly, project. were able the were politicians, and powerful by backed owners, generator private - “mafia” the wirings but, according to the municipality, initiate aproject to manage allelectrical internet). to wantedmunicipality TV, the Forexample, cable electricity, providers (water, service private with of interest conflicts to due Nabaa in intervene to struggles municipality the However, concerns. representatives, meetings including women groups, to listen to neighbourhood their organising with and providing systems, infringements, sewage for services maintenance regular sidewalk removing as such neighbourhood the in trust initiatives undertaking rebuildingby residents with on working is 2016 in Today, newthe councilmunicipal elected municipality. (ACTED, SocialMapping, 06/2015). the by marginalised feel Nabaa by ACTED indicated that residents 1 NON- s eitrn brh, ets n mrigs esrn the administrative ensuring distributing marriages; and and such circulars; bulletins onbehalf of the Ministry of Interior andMunicipalities deaths functions, of official births, implementation some registering for responsible as level village or uhas r sae ersnaie eetd t neighbourhood at elected representatives state are Mukhtars The lack of official security services is services security official of lack • The absenceof• Therean is effective formal and/orleaders local on rely • Residents not do poorand areservices • Municipal backbone a considered is society • Civil and asenseof unsafety. harassment frequent report who girls and womenconcernsamong serious a form who street gangs. males young to especially leads involving networks, security which informal enforcement law (I)NGOs for assistance. meet residents’ basicneeds. development projects. community implementing by NGOs of engagement active the in reflected is This residents. Nabaa to support of STAT E /INFORMAL: © Synne Bergby, UN-Habitat (2016) © ElieMansour, UN-Habitat (2016) POPULATION POPULATION COUNT The population count was surveyed by residential unit based on key informant interviews for each building. The residential unit is a self-contained space used for a residential purpose by one or more persons. It may include an apartment, rooftop add- on, studio, basement etc. The Nabaa population survey, Nov. 2016, suggests an all-cohort resident count of 14,760. Of these, almost two-thirds were Syrians refugees and one-third Lebanese. The average residential unit size in terms of residential count is greatest amongst Syrian refugees at 5.3 people / residential unit. Residential density at building level, to an extent a function of number of storeys, is shown (figure 3) to illustrate the distribution of population across the neighbourhood. Generally, the population density gradient rises to the south.

Figure 3 Population in Nabaa Source UN-Habitat Lebanon, November 2016 1 Others : African, Filipino, Sri Lankan, Bangladeshi, Indian. *Nabaa is a homogeneous neighbourhood consisting of buildings with mostly the same POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY RESIDENTIAL UNIT typology. Population distribution with respect to number of residents per residential unit, showing actual numbers and percentage breakdown between Lebanese, Syrian, and Others1. Lebanese occupied units tend to contain a smaller number of residents, while Syrian occupied units are often overcrowded where residential units housing 6 or more residents are dominantly Syrians .

Lebanese Syrian refugees Others* 44%

47%

35% 72% 37% 50% 48% 21% 83% 88% 56% 98%

Total number of residential units number of residential Total 55% 24% 87% 66% 13% 12% 10% 10%

Number of residents per residential unit Figure 4 Population distribution by residential unit

5 6 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ NABAA - BOURJ HAMMOUD / 2017 Table 2 3 pooto ta Sra refugees the Syrian mix, population Nabaa the to contribute to that proportion this 63% Comparing population. cadastral Hammoud Bourj total the of that 19% between suggest up make 2 refugees Syrian Estimate for Figures all-cohortBourj suggestsan fromNabaa area. built-up cadaster’s the of analysis image satellite on based total can be estimated through extrapolations population Hammoud Bourj the 1: comprehensive Nabaa population count, ESTIMATE Table 1 2 1 BOURJ HAMMOUDPOPULATION ESTIMATES the Lebanese figure. in included be to assumed are PRL cadaster’s the of 100% Hammoud, Bourj in camps Palestinian no The 1997 household survey on which this data set is based includes PRL outside camps. As there are there As camps. outside PRL includes based is set data this which surveyon household 1997 The The total is the sumof Leb, SYR andPRS. TO No. residents/ above 11 and unit Cohorts 10 TA 4 6 9 8 2 3 5 Total 7 1 PRL LEB R - PRS SYR

Population distributionby residential unit 121043 0 641097 0 6 0 5 0 9110170100 14760 100 2981 100 652 100 165 100 9374 100 1624 100 4734 100 1192 L Alternative population estimates for BourjHammoud cadastre 1 1 2 units den- resi- 3 817 5221 401 02 0 1662 3023 3330 22 666 31 200 24 40 16 1460 18 292 35 1670 28 334 6 216 2231 021 61 0 6551 2015 2220 19 555 16 104 16 26 11 1052 16 263 22 1064 22 266 0 0 3233 2 33 2 102 9 102 0 7631 2 8 21 61 6 218 7 1080 12 360 15 96 19 32 4 381 8 127 13 603 17 201 No. No. 3 22869 9 01 06249583 508 9 254 6 40 12 20 2 190 6 95 6 278 12 139 tial 68561 8 812 81 41 9 328 16 2382 13 397 13 84 8 14 18 1722 18 287 12 576 8 96 2214316912 1855 7 228 1232 6 176 9 56 5 8 11 1022 9 146 3 154 2 22 9212317819 2000016514 8 1248 5 156 0 0 0 0 12 1096 8 137 3 152 2 19 6 010 7323 6 6011 1630 5 163 5 30 2 3 17 1600 10 160 0 0 0 0 415 0 22584 558 2 62 0 0 0 0 5 504 3 56 1 54 1 6 122 1 233 1 37 3 22 1 2 3 314 2 28 2 81 1 7 Extrapolation from dential units 104,873 resi % of Nabaa NP ae o the on Based Lebanese - - - - Estimate 1 dents resi- No. No. Extrapolation dents resi- % of UN-Habitat oreOfca iue Source OfficialFigures Source - 75,866 - 11,938 - 17,927 - dential units resi No. No. n vrg hueod ie between size household cohorts. average in in as given1, differencedramaticEstimate the cadaster the to extrapolating densities in Nabaa value limited is there be to assumed uniform across the cadaster. are Nabaa of cohort) by vary to known is (this level unit and building residential at density as well as non-residential) vs.(residential mix uses At 104,873. least one caveat is of that the cohort mix population and Hammoud - units den- resi % of tial - Syrian 93,881 88 dents resi- No. No. Estimate 2 dents resi- % of 0.4 (Government of Lebanon adapted inLCRP & the United Nations, Various above UNRWA, 2016 UNRWA, 2016 1997 Figures UNHCR 2015 dential units resi No. No. 01 03155151 155 5 155 3 20 12 20 2017) - units den- resi % of tial Others - dents resi- No. No. ul-p ra, n otat ih h uniform the Figure 5 with contrast residential extrapolated area. in areas, built-up industrial ofscatteredconsists it excludedbecause been has Hammoud Bourj of part northern *The or egbuhos rfld y UN- Habitat. by profiled neighbourhoods poor other in as extent same the to possible been not has densification that meant havemay fabric urban cadastre’s nature the of planned the point, related a As lower than Estimate 1. 12% is This Hammoud. Bourj for 93,881 of total a suggest 2017) Nations, Plan (Governmentof LebanonUnited and the Response Crisis Lebanese the to partners all by used cohorts various the ESTIMATE 2: Official cadastral figures for dents resi- % of

Population inBourjHammoud dential units resi No. No. - units den- resi % of tial - Total No. res idents 417 - dents resi- % of 3 SAFETY & SECURITY

The following findings are from a series of focus group discussions conducted in Nabaa with groups of different age, gender and social status. Participants were asked a series of general questions addressing safety and security, risks currently faced in the community, types of violence experienced by women and girls, as well as availability of and access to services and support. The focus groups were designed to provide qualitative data on the experiences of neighbourhood residents, especially women and girls. The findings can be used to inform and strengthen existing or planned interventions in Nabaa.

Main findings: • There is a feeling of insecurity and non-belonging within the original host © Riham Kowatly, UN-Habitat (2016) community due to the recent dramatic demographic change that saw vast numbers of Syrian refugees and foreign migrant workers from diverse ethnic, religious and sectarian backgrounds. • The neighbourhood reportedly experience tensions that sometimes escalate into fights. Participants viewed that this is due to many factors including cultural differences and diversity. • Recurrent cases of verbal and sexual harassment of women and girls were reported. • There is a perceived absence of law enforcement officers to meet the security and safety demands of the local community. This is reflected in residents’ reliance on local political parties to respond to their security concerns. • Women and girls do not feel safe walking and commuting along the neighbourhood streets at night. • There is a lack of public open space that serves as a safe meeting place for women and girls, and no appropriate playground for kids. • Alcohol and drug addiction among the youth is reportedly on the rise. • A sense of insecurity at night is prevalent due to fights in the streets, gang gatherings, alcohol and drug abuse, and weapon possession especially amongst young men. © Elie Mansour, UN-Habitat (2016)

7 8 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ NABAA - BOURJ HAMMOUD / 2017 Figure 6 CAUSES

Problem tree analysis basedonsocio-economic conditions andsafety &security findings AND EFFECTS OF

SOCIAL

INSTABILITY SOCIAL SERVICES

N Figure 7 Service providers: Map outlining the social 0 250 500 services provided in Nabaa and its surroundings

Demographic fluxes throughout the the owner of a shoe-making factory, residents to meet. However, the only years have enriched Nabaa’s population volunteer women, and young boys. contact is between groups of the same diversity and brought in residents from Findings indicate that residents face religious affiliation. different nationalities and ethnicities, various social issues, such as: contributing to the diversity of social and • Different social and cultural traditions cultural traditions, languages, educational create gaps between residents from levels and political affiliations. The main different nationalities. political parties (Hezbollah, Haraket Amal, Lebanese Forces, Al Kataeb • There is an abundance of political party, Al Taakhi and Tachnag Armenian markers that hinders cohesion Movement) play a significant role in the between residents. support of residents in terms of services and protection against a context of • Social tension arises from the reported weakness in municipal and competition between residents for governmental sustenance. Many (I) housing and services. NGOs (ACTED, Armenian Relief Cross of • There is inadequate infrastructure Lebanon, El Emad etc.) also contribute services with increasing stress on water to the provision of some basic social and electricity supply which hinders services. social development.

Formal and informal interviews were • Lack of social infrastructure affects undertaken with neighbourhood community wellbeing. stakeholders including the mukhtar, • There is limited interaction between the head of ARCL, the director of the residents due to daily occupations Armenian Orthodox School, residents (work, housework). Religious events and workers, business owners such as and ceremonies are the only chance for © Christelle Khalil, UN-Habitat (2016)

9 10 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ NABAA - BOURJ HAMMOUD / 2017 optl Rfc aii i Ja de to due Jnah in Hariri) (Rafic Governmental Hospital Beirut on and rely Hospital refugees Hayek Syrian However, Hospital. Al Joseph Saint area: the hospitals the in of social aware household were mapping the of participants 2 1 and Syrian students. between Lebanese disparity the level particularly rocketing students; and of numbers resources scarcity financial of environment, a of school lack to the healthy as due such dropouts factors several school an in faces increase sector educational Nabaa’s EDU diseases. chronic of and spread epidemics a and hygiene, prevention, personal of lack a provokes awareness health care centres. on in Moreover, pressure inadequate elevated to density led has Nabaa population increased The HEALTH Tarakki, Al Mowaten, Mar Maroun. Al Takla,Mar Sarkis, Marschools: private five includes competitive neighbourhood The prices. at education quality high providing are schools private However, institutions. building educational minimum for the standards meet are not do facilities that These buildings residential appropriating students. around 700 accommodating schools only three with limited are Hammoud Bourj ACTED, (2015,Jun), SocialMapping Report. Ministry of Social Affairs, UNDP ,(2015), The Maps of Risks andResources, Municipality: BourjHammoud. CATION 1 1 2 ulc col in schools Public 2 All refugees with basichealthservices. Syrian registered provide to Dispensary, the Karakozian centre, with development partnership social a built Dispensary. UNHCR Sader Al and Dispensary, Nuns the Dispensary, Orthodox Greek Ministry the Cross, Red Health Armenian the are: which the of meet standards dispensaries the four centres, Care Health Primary for As affordability. its the southernborder of Nabaa. at school public the was factions all for acceptable considered only was The that school schools. it of choice when to role comes major religious a that play note affiliations to important is It to register their children due to: Syrian children. Some Syrians amongst have been unable especially drop-outs school of rates high reportedlyare There lc o aaees bu hw or how about awareness of lack • A to/from fees transportation • High help to work to children for need • The • A lackof vacancies inschools where to access publicschools. not covered by the UN/other partners are which incomes to relative schools support the family © Sawsan Saad, UN-Habitat (2016) Saad, © Sawsan © Synne Bergby, UN-Habitat (2016) © Synne Bergby, UN-Habitat (2016) © Synne Bergby, UN-Habitat (2016) 147

83 72 67 52 57 LOCAL ECONOMY & LIVELIHOODS 30 2 Commercial activities at a street level 147 consist of shops and small industries dispersed across the area. These 83 predominantly serve locals, but also a 72 67 city-wide array of consumers seeking 52 57 affordable products and services. 30 2

All shops and workshops in the Shops neighbourhood are micro sized1, with 10 employees or fewer. Based on the needs identified through the MRR2, the livelihood sector in Bourj Hammoud 30 is experiencing an evident decline of 22 23 local artisans, leading to the extinction of craftsmanship and an increase in 13 unemployment. 30 6 5 In terms of the number of commercial 23 premises, shops account for 83% Workshops 22 of economic activities in the Carpenter Electronics Repair Mechanic Metal works Tailor Miscellaneous neighbourhood, which are divided into Figure 8 Categories13 of shops and workshops different categories, including food and 6 5 groceries (30%), boutiques (17%), beauty salons (11%), electronics and phones OPENING HOURS OWNERSHIP (14.5%), hardware-furniture and storage Carpenter Electronics Repair Mechanic Metal works Tailor Miscellaneous (13%), and restaurants and cafes (6%). There were also miscellaneous categories Owned: of the commercial of the businesses occupy (8.5%) that were either not identified premises open part-time % privately owned spaces because the premises were closed, or 2% (less than 7 hours per day) 18 were offices, laundry, financial services, jewellery stores, and gyms. There is also a number of workshops that account for 17% of commercial premises. The types of the commercial Rented: premises are open during of the businesses occupy of workshops are illustrated in Figure 9 typical working hours (8- rented spaces below. Small industries and craft-works 74% 10 hours per day) 82% of gold, shoe, and leather production are common within the Armenian community of Bourj Hammoud. of the shops operate for As shown in Figure 9, there is an long working hours (more abundance of new businesses that have than 12 hours per day) been in the area for 0-5 years (47%). 22% Mature businesses that have been operational for more than 10 years (33%) seem to be the second most prominent. of the shops are open Established businesses is the smallest 24/7 category, which have been operational for 6-10 years (20%). Furthermore, 50% 2% of established businesses were owned rather than rented.

© Sawsan Saad, UN-Habitat (2016) Other findings entail: BUSINESS AGE • During field mapping, a significant incidence of child labour was observed. • There are reported high rates of unemployment amongst youth, shortage of job opportunities or limited enforcement of employment laws. • Residents have limited purchasing power as most of their income is spent on basic needs, rent and services. New Established Mature 1 Ministry of Economy and Trade, (2014), Lebanon SME Business Business Business Strategy. 2 Ministry of Social Affairs, UNDP, (2015), The Maps of Risks and Resources, Municipality: Bourj Hammoud. Figure 9 Business growth stage © Synne Bergby, UN-Habitat (2016)

11 12 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ NABAA - BOURJ HAMMOUD / 2017

Workshops Shops Figure 10

Mapping of shopsand workshops 0 100 200 N SPACE USE MAP Figure 11 shows the location of primary and secondary commercial activities based on surveyed observations relative to gathering spaces and community facilities.

N Figure 11 Space use map 0 50 100

GATHERING SPACES BY GENDER & AGE Due to the crowded urban fabric and lack of accessible public spaces in Bourj Hammoud and in Nabaa particularly, social gatherings for both children and adults are concentrated in streets, coffee shops sidewalks, mosque squares, and school plazas (See Figure 12).

Male Adults & Elderly Male Youth Children (Boys & Girls) Females (No gathering spaces, yet use of public spaces in streets and Figure 12 Gathering spaces markets. )

13 14 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ NABAA - BOURJ HAMMOUD / 2017 HO ah ulig etr ws categorised into the following rating criteria: was feature building Each The inspection focused on: building conducted architects. and engineers UN-Habitat by was external assessment condition comprehensive A regulations. and materials often violating building codes and zoning construction various of made add-ons 21% rooftop having with them floors, of 4 to 3 have buildings Most buildings. apartment multi-storey rise medium to low 765 contains Nabaa STRUCTURAL BUILDINGCONDITION 28 .od Ruie maintenance Routine – 1.Good Building services: to 3.Connection spaces Shared spaces: conditions: 2.Communal building Exterior 1. 52 13 oncin o infrastructure wastewater, electricity. to networks; potable water, stormwater, connection for people with disabilities. provisions lighting, entrances, of a building including means of exit, roof, windows anddoors,balconies. walls, structure, envelope; Building 7 BUILDINGS: % USING % % % urgent rehabilitation. state andinneedof elements. Buildings incritical missing structural supporting show severe cracking or of buildings intervention: Emergency Critical - stop further damage. Attention needed to visible rusted reinforcement. penetrating buildings,and or wall leaks, water signs of roof of buildingsshow distinct repair: Substandard -Major required. Continual monitoring intrusion backinto building. and/or walls with no shrinkage cracks in floors of buildingshave minor Fair -Minor repair : the building. sign of distress or failure in of buildingshave no visible maintenance: Good -Routine © Sawsan Saad, UN-Habitat (2016) Saad, © Sawsan General findings for buildingsare: 41% have absent or severely damaged severelyor absent have • 41% • 56% have major lighting problems with add-ons rooftop residential have • 21% • 39% have a residential ground floor use a having 38% with residential are • 94% • 93% were built between 1944 and 1975 entrance gates allowing easy access. lighting fixtures non-functioning or absent housing 719people commercial ground floor use .rtcl Ugn rpi and/or repair Urgent – 4.Critical 3.Substandard – Major repair required: Minor required: repair Minor – 2.Fair aae r isn structural missing elements. or Extensive damage required: replacement problems. Failure apparent including significant repairable problems visible. problems apparent visible. No required: 30 48 14 RESIDENTS: 8 % % % % © Christelle Khalil,UN-Habitat (2016) emergency intervention buildings that need of residents live in repair buildings that needmajor of residents live in repair buildings that needminor of residents live in routine maintenance buildings that need of residents live in n a rs o clas i cs o an of case in collapse earthquake. of risk elements at structural and major to damage considerable show condition poor of as classified were that buildings The a River. on Beirut of banks the at situated area, prone flood is neighbourhood The balconies. within particularly spalling of form the in ofdistress showsigns visible but problems, structural major no have the 1930’s-1950. In general, ofthe buildings majority in built typologysimilar a have buildings where homogenous very are neighbourhood the in buildings The 1 Hammoud. Bourj Municipality: Resources, and Risks of Maps iity f oil far, NP (05, The (2015), UNDP, Affairs, Social of Ministry Based on the needs identified throughidentified needs the on • Based as used being are roofs • Many h MRR the structural serious defects. causing is which materials construction for warehouses ciiis ae lc i residential in zones. place take activities industrial where planning urban poor to due Hammoud Bourj in accidents Emergency Major Repair Minor Repair Routine Maintenace 1 tee r icesn fire increasing are there , © Sawsan Saad, UN-Habitat (2016) Saad, © Sawsan EXTERIOR BUILDING CONDITION (Exterior walls, roof, windows, balconies, fixed features)

BUILDINGS: RESIDENTS: Good - Routine Maintenance: of residents live in of buildings have buildings with exteriors good exterior conditions that need routine with no failure or problems maintenance 13% of any kind apparent. 9% Routine Maintenace Fair - Minor Repair: of buildings have fair exterior conditions with of residents live in minor problems and buildings with exteriors slight cracks that are that need minor repair 50% easily repaired. Continual 49% monitoring is required. Minor Repair

Substandard- Major Repair: of buildings have a poor of residents live in exterior condition with buildings with exteriors distinct signs of failure that need major repair % including water intrusion, % 31 cracks, deterioration which 35 requires major repair. Major Repair

Critical - Emergency of residents live in Intervention: buildings with exteriors of buildings have that need emergency 6% dilapidated exterior 7% intervention conditions with severe Emergency failure apparent resulting in extensive damage where emergency attention is called for.

COMMON BUILDING AREAS (Means of exit, entrances, lighting, provisions for people with disabilities)

BUILDINGS: RESIDENTS: Good - Routine Maintenance: of buildings have of residents live in functional communal buildings with common spaces with gated areas that need routine 15% entrances, lighting 9% maintenance provided in all areas, and easily accessible exit doors and staircases. Routine Maintenace Fair - Minor Repair: of the buildings have of residents live in minor defects in the buildings with common communal spaces such areas that need minor % as minor problems in % repair 38 entrance gates. 35 Minor Repair

Substandard - Major Repair: of buildings have serious of residents live in defects in the communal buildings with common % spaces including % areas that need major 39 malfunctional gates, 44 repair electrical wiring problems, and blocked staircases. Major Repair

Critical - of residents live in Emergency buildings with common Intervention: areas that need 8% of buildings have 12% emergency intervention no and/or damaged gates or lighting at the Emergency entrances with significant obstructions to staircases that can’t be easily removed in case of emergencies.

15 16 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ NABAA - BOURJ HAMMOUD / 2017

Communal SpacesCOMMUNAL SPACES ExteriorEXTERIOR Building BUILDING CONDITION Condition StructuralSTRUCTURE Condition CONDITION BuildingBULDING Material MATERIAL Figure 13 Routine Maintenance Routine Maintenance

Routine Maintenance Buildings Condition Concrete Cnrt srcue wt sel diin on additions steelroofs or balconies. with structures *Concrete Concrete with steel additions Minor Repair Minor Repair Minor Repair Major Repair Major Repair Major Repair Emergency Intervention Emergency Intervention Emergency Intervention *Earthquake collapse risk 0 100 200 N RESIDENTIAL UNIT CONDITION1 A targeted household survey based on a sample of 140 households conducted by ACTED in 2015 within Nabaa suggested the following residential unit conditions amongst a selection of vulnerable families.

Figure 14 Residential Unit Conditions. Source: Adapted from ACTED (2015) Passports, Farhat Mosque, Nabaa-Lower Metn

HOUSEHOLD1 ACTED conducted a household survey on average 100$ more in rent than in 2015-2016 for selected poor sub- Lebanese); most of these did not have neighbourhoods within Nabaa including furniture provided as part of their lease Mar Doumit, Mar Takla, and Al Salib (81%). Half of those renting reported Street. The surveys covered between having a formal agreement with their 68 and 140 vulnerable households of landlord, whereas 42% reported that different ethnicities (Lebanese, Syrians, their agreement was informal, or verbal. Bangladeshi, Egyptian, Ethiopian and Of those interviewed, 7% reported that Filipino). The findings show that “the they had no rent agreement with their sampled families were living in small one landlord.” or two room apartments. The majority of the households interviewed (93%) reported that they were renting their apartments (Syrian families are paying 1 Adapted from ACTED, (2015), Passports, Farhat Mosque.

17 18 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ NABAA - BOURJ HAMMOUD / 2017 BASIC • The sewage floods are directly affecting tanks septic constructed badly • Many are channels wastewater • Clogged wastewater discharge, peak • During is network sewage the of • 37% overloaded is networkwastewater • The for treatment water of lack a is • There between shared are meter • Water ofprivate ofmonitoring lack a is • There uniformly not is supply • Water on tanks water have buildings of • 85% suitable not and poor is quality • Water of most reaches water • Domestic ot oshls eiig t the workshops. at shops/ residingthe all as well as floor, ground households most the to connections main lineare minimalor non-existent. and leaking are streets. neighbourhood in odours bad causing of blocking the sewage network. to in disposed leading waste sewers solid by likely is caused manholes through overflow neighbourhood health among and residents. causing risks problems is environmental which receive malfunctioning also pipes stormwater. its because limescale. an to leading unfair distributionof water supply. is which neighbours water suppliersin terms of pricing. a to water shortage mostdays of the week. leading meet needs household to basic fails often and continuous the reach to tanks on it the roof. for low too is supply water the of pressure the that fact the to due mainly is floor.This ground the and only used for domesticpurposes. contaminated is water drinking most that showed sample representative a 2015, household in ACTED by a conducted survey on Based drinking. for water losses. and leakages of week reduce need to in rehabilitation per is is system days piping water the and two but available only neighbourhood the WASTEWATER POTABLE WATER URBA N SERVICES TO BUILDING CONNECTIONS TO TO W BUILDING CONNECTIONS TO 59 16 52 17 19 27 6 4 BUILDINGS: BUILDINGS: % % % % % % % % immediate attention supply network, requires connected to water of buildingsare not connected: Missing /Not lifecycle. are at the endof their have major leakages and to the network butpipes of buildingsare connected connected: Serious defect / of water pumps. inappropriate installation minor leakages and/or network but with to the water supply of buildingsare connected connected: Malfunctional / pipes andnoleakages. network with good quality connected to water supply of residential buildingsare Functional: open drains on the street. discharge their waste into connected to asewer and of buildingsare not discharge: Missing /Street plumbing system. and/or blockages in major leakage problems and/or septic tanks with to the wastewater network of buildingsare connected connected: Serious defect / system. wastewater plumbing minor leakages in the and/or septic tanks with to the wastewater network of buildingsare connected connected: Malfunctional / properly installed. and plumbingsystem is to the wastewater network of buildingsare connected Functional: POTAB ASTEWATER NETWORK LE WATER NETWORK 20 54 10 16 33 44 18 RESIDENTS: RESIDENTS: 5 % % % % % % % % supply network connection to water buildings with no of residents live in potable water network defected yet connected buildings with serious of residents live in network connected potable water malfunctioned yet buildings with a of residents live in potable water network buildings with a functional of residents live in to a wastewater network buildings with noaccess of residents live in wastewater network defects yet connected buildings with serious of residents live in network connected wastewater malfunctioned yet buildings with a of residents live in wastewater network buildings with a functional of residents live in BUILDING CONNECTIONS TO INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORKS Potable Water Water Potable

Figure 15 Building connection to potable water network Wastewater

N Figure 16 Building connection to wastewater network 0 100 200

INFRASTRUCTURE STREET MAPPING Wastewater Potable Water Potable

N Figure 17 Potable water street mapping Figure 18 Wastewater street mapping 0 50 100

19 20 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ NABAA - BOURJ HAMMOUD / 2017 • • • • • • • • ELECTRICITY • • • • • • • STORMWATER heavy rainfall. during flooding localised causes which lacking streets gullies and ofthus any means of drainage, 30% around with heavy during rainfall. streets which onto overflow network, sewage overloads the pipe network and triggers the with problems drainage including on-street stormwater runoff. to contributing all, at functional not or damaged are ofsurfaces.83% permeable gullies the risk in the streets. a present wires overhead tangled the hazards. electrocution constituting dangerous, the mainpower isdown. and network the constituting fire hazards. overloaded on burdens already causing common to air andnoise pollution. regulated.Theysignificantly contribute to $75 for 5 Amperes. generatorsubscription $50 varies from for charge monthly The needs. energy daily their meet to generators power - 10hoursof electricity per day. 8 receiving neighbourhood the of 60% around with demands residents’ meet very common. Electric hazards and tangled dangerous. overhead wires are and dilapidated neighbourhood among residents and widespread infections. illnesses of prevalence the on impact significant their blocking means of exit in caseof emergency. and residences, from on moststreets. areas ponding waterof abundance the by exacerbated structural roads, the causing to damage is stormwater of in mostpartsof the neighbourhood. flooding causing is which waste, solid with blocked completely to partially or hr i po dang infrastructure, drainage poor is There combined is network stormwater The limited very has neighbourhood The ieped lcrcl aad de to due hazards electrical Widespread are heating water for practices Some when non-functional are lights Street are connections electricity Illegal not is generators power of use The owned privately on depend Residents to inadequate is supply Electricity often is infrastructure Electric a have to likely is drainage Poor and to access the limiting is Flooding drainage inadequate and Flooding narrow either are channels Drainage TO E BUILDING CONNECTIONS TO BUILDING CONNECTIONS TO 27 33 53 59 11 BUILDINGS: 3 5 9 BUILDINGS: % % % % % % % % external walls. rainwater isleakingon pipes installedand or drains. No stormwater stormwater roof gutters or have missing/blocked municipal network and/ connected to the of buildingsare not discharge: Missing /Street street. blocked, anddischarge on defects, leakingand/or installed buthave serious Stormwater pipesare connected to the network. of buildingsare not street discharge: Serious defect / discharge onstreet. on external walls but are properly installed Stormwater pipes connected to the network. of buildingsare not street discharge: Malfunctional / functional. properly installedand Stormwater pipesare connected to the network. of buildingsare Functional: electrical grid. not connected to the of buildingsare connected: Missing /Not building residents. wires causingdanger to electrical grid, with electric connections to the but have inadequate of buildings are connected, connected: Serious defect / weatherproofing. safety measures and externally with limited electric wires are installed to the electricalgrid, defects in their connection connected, buthave minor of buildingsare connected: Malfunctional / wires properly installed. with electric of buildingsare connected Functional: STOR LECTRIC GRID MWATER NETWORK 30 37 47 53 10 RESIDENTS: RESIDENTS: 12 6 5 % % % % % % % % to astormwater network buildings with noaccess of residents live in stormwater network defected yet connected buildings with serious of residents live in network connected stormwater malfunctioned yet buildings with a of residents live in stormwater network buildings with a functional of residents live in grid connected to the electrical buildings that are not of residents live in electric grid defected yet connected buildings with serious of residents live in connected electricgrid malfunctioned yet buildings with a of residents live in connection to electricgrid buildings with a functional of residents live in BUILDING CONNECTIONS TO INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORKS Stormwater

Figure 19 Building connection to stormwater network Electricity N 0 100 200 Figure 20 Building connection to electricity network

INFRASTRUCTURE STREET MAPPING Stormwater Electricity

N Figure 21 Stormwater street mapping Figure 22 Electricity street mapping 0 50 100

21 22 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ NABAA - BOURJ HAMMOUD / 2017 ean o tah sel ad rodents and throughout the neighbourhood. smells trash, of remains to leading is which streets), tertiary and backyards in (especially streets thrown the onto is waste Solid neighbourhood. However, whole the in daily bins municipality. garbage no a are there the on by collected basis is waste Solid SOLID WASTE hr i a ieped bec of absence widespread a is • There and awareness of lack a is • There

garbage binsin the streets. residents. some amongst habits littering mean Road Condition Street Lighting area iscompletely dark. the down, is power the When available. is electricity public when onlyrepresentative is map *This Figure 23 Figure 25

Road condition mapping Street lighting mapping noml otn aes r peet on present are areas sorting • Informal enforcement law of lack a is • There waste of dumping rampant is • There place to refuse residents • Some the outskirtof the neighbourhood. waste solid for violations. fines regarding a potential riskof spread of diseases. to with pests, of environmental attraction degradation, leading dumpsites, plots/lots, informal empty on homes. municipal garbage bins in front of their

Solid Waste Sidewalk Condition Figure 24 Figure 26 *Sidewalks are blocked by people for private parkingor by shopsoutspreading their merchandise.

Solid waste street mapping Sidewalk condition mapping © Dani Harake, UN-Habitat (2016) 0 50 100 N INFRASTRUCTURE PERFORMANCE The measures used to determine infrastructure performance are the three broad dimensions of condition, provision and coverage. These categories are evaluated based on a scoring criteria weighted to reflect their relative importance. The scoring criteria is the following: very poor (0-0.49), poor (0.49-0.69), fair (0.69-0.79), good (0.79-0.89), and very good (0.89-1).

Waste Water Storm Water Functionality: Proportion of streets Functionality: with functional Proportion of streets network with functional network

Coverage: Coverage: Proportion of Proportion of population population connected to connected to network network

Condition: Proportion of Condition: buildings with fair Proportion of day to good network with public electricity connection supply Score Score

Potable Water Electricity Functionality: Functionality: Average number Proportion of buildings of hours for with fair to good water public electricity supply provision per day

Coverage: Proportion Coverage: of residents Proportion of connected to population connected public electricity to network supply (properly installed or with minor defects)

Condition: Condition: Proportion Proportion of the of buildings buildings with fair connected to to good network public electricity connection (properly installed or with minor Score Score defects)

Access & Mobility Functionality: Proportion of buildings with emergency vehicle road access (fire truck, width of street/turn, and electricity cables)

Coverage: Very Poor (0-0.49) Functionality Proportion of buildings with direct access to vehicular road network Poor (0.5-0.69) Coverage

Fair (0.7-0.79) Condition Condition: Proportion of total Good (0.8-0.89) road network in good condition Very Good (0.9-1) Score Figure 27 Infrastructure performance

23 24 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ NABAA - BOURJ HAMMOUD / 2017 o iiaig hs eii ms address must deficit this play mitigating to to children for safely, is all the more critical. Approaches and females for particularly realm, open public of the in lack spaces the realm, private the in • Against this high density living situation residents, refugee remains agap incurrent understanding. and host between in-practice as security of well tenure, and variations in these as rights • Tenure protection and implications appliesinNabaa. health associated with its overcrowding that suggest to fair is it determined, been not have metrics Syrian person per space ofinternal Whilst people. 25% more refugees orlive in units holding indeed, nine or more 6 the residents individuals; accommodating units of constitute in majority Syrians overwhelming community host residents. to relative Syrian refugees unit affects residential disproportionately the level at densities The high Lebanese. third survey has quantified the a extent Syrian to which and are refugees, two-thirds of almost population Nabaa, 14,760 the • Amongst action coordinatedamongst the abovementioned actors. fostering for basis spatial critically,a as, wellbyas areaand sector by interventions of relative prioritisation towards work The further for point communities. entry an offers provided local base evidence and sector private the providers, service public and authorities local and entities, humanitarian development to interest of be anticipated to are the that of environment use built the and environment built physical the to relating issues of range identifieda has profile diagnostic • This SUMMARY OF KEY FINDI f soitd tess s ore of sources (4,870 residents as of infrastructurethird A vulnerability. stresses distribution by associated the of units indicated of has residential service to logging connections • The property and owners may needclarification. authorities relevant the competent involving protocols building code existing of application proper the formechanisms the condition, structural amongst housing critical of buildings For vulnerable. most to access interventionsfor amelioration shelter and housing any of implications in-principle be to probed. This is remains particularly in terms of ofthe affordability, financial measures other condition on one hand, and, on the other, and soundness qualityofofin terms structuralbuildings the between relationship the Currently, and refugee structural proportionately. fairly communities host both critical affects or conditions substandard buildings of of occupation that suggests this refugees, Syrian critical are of population the 63% that Recalling indeed refugees. Syrian or are 67% these, Of of conditions. structural substandard 38% of that remains residents (5,163 people) occupy buildings structural it good to condition, fair were in be to building buildings the found of 765 residential 65% neighbourhood’s whilst of quality, structural terms • In limited the application of law enforcement. and fighting sporadic of including outbreaks tensions and intra-cohort sectarian night, at insecurity ofparticularly feelings reported, spaces, public in of females incidence of harassment gatherings, gang significant challenges the including contextual NGS neighbourhood. the in markets labour and employment of consideration action-orientated wider any in account into taken be to factors are unemployment youth of as well the as with combined reportedly high rates of school premises,drop-outs the in surveyor labour child of Significant incidences of observation influx. post-2011 the of dynamics various to response in established been have businesses longstanding new the if a or neighbourhood, the is in pattern turnover high whether clear this currently five not is last it the years, within established having been businesses of 47% and renting through occupied premises of 82% With or unknown. is within neighbourhood homes from economicallyindeed the are outside residents active which to remaining 17% are workshops. The extent restaurants/cafes.or shops Theare 83% Nabaa, in premises economic the • Of the neighbourhood. of extent south-east the at pocket in one concentrated overwhelmingly being potable connection,waterthese network a offer not does that accommodation in area. Similarly, 10% of residents the (1,476) are throughout distributed spatially are occupy 5% buildings with further no connection at all. to These a and connected network, wastewater the being despite defective systems seriously with individuals) were found to live in buildings © Riham Kuwatli, UN-Habitat (2016) PART 2. NEIGHBOURHOOD STRATEGY

Nabaa neighbourhood is located in Bourj Hammoud municipality. It is negatively impacted by limitations in the municipality’s capacity and skills regarding provision of adequate infrastructure and basic urban services to its residents. The majority of Nabaa’s population now comprises refugees, and many Lebanese residents are registered to locations outside the neighbourhood for voting purposes. Neither group therefore participates in local municipal elections, creating a democratic deficit of a relatively intractable nature. However, there is potential for improving governance for all in the neighbourhood through enhancing the financial and operational capacity of the municipality, and through neighbourhood engagement structures that respond to urban and social service needs, with the support of the municipality and in coordination with international and local NGOs, development actors and other stakeholders.

IMMEDIATE RESPONSE 6 months • Establish a Regional Technical Office (RTO) under the mandate of the Union of Municipalities (UoM) comprising local experts and technical persons aiming at mobilising public and civil local actors, to address local needs collectively based on available resources. The RTO aims to strengthen local governance, enhance service delivery, and mainstream planned interventions. • Establish a mechanism for regular coordination between the UoM, Bourj Hammoud Municipality, development agencies and Social Development Centres (SDCs). • Leverage the municipality to establish a neighbourhood local committee (that builds on the local representatives group organised by UN-Habitat) and addresses its existing challenges and emerging needs through drawing on representative © Riham Kuwatli, UN-Habitat (2016) inputs from the resident population. • Address perceptions amongst Nabaa’s residents of marginalisation by Bourj Hammoud Municipality by establishing a coordination mechanism between the municipality and the local representatives group. SHORT TERM RESPONSE 12 months • Strengthen the presence of municipal police administering their roles (particularly addressing safety and security issues pertaining to women, children and youth). • Establish a youth council with gender and age representation (age 15 -25) which facilitates organising recreational and awareness events that fosters social stability and inclusion. • Strengthen committees within Bourj Hammoud Municipality by building their capacities to assess, regulate or monitor social and economic-related practices. Bourj Hammoud & Sin El Fil NGOs forum © UN-Habitat (2017) • Leverage the RTO to develop a work plan based on the Neighbourhood Strategy that will specify a sequence of steps and interdependencies with cost and timeframes to complete works. Reach agreement between the municipality and stakeholders, through a participatory approach with the community, on work plan priorities with actions required by all to ensure implementation. • Empower the RTO to coordinate and communicate between different active stakeholders to identify needs and gaps of any planned interventions, some of which may fall outside the existing scope of work.

MID TERM RESPONSE 2 years Local representatives meeting • Sustain the capacity of the municipality and RTO to audit and monitor local needs, © UN-Habitat (2017) through a participatory approach.

27 Gas Station Gas Gas Station Gas Gas Station Gas Station Gas Station Gas Station Gas Station Gas Abi Nassif Abi Nassif Abi Nassif Abi Nassif Abi Nassif Abi Nassif Abi Nassif Gas Station Gas Abi Nassif 28 Armenian Relief Relief Armenian Armenian Relief Relief Armenian Armenian Relief Relief Armenian Relief Armenian Relief Armenian Relief Armenian Relief Armenian Cross Lebanon Cross Lebanon UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ NABAA - BOURJCross Lebanon Cross Lebanon Cross Lebanon HAMMOUD / 2017Cross Lebanon Cross Lebanon MAIN SPATIAL STRATEGIES Figure 28Main strategies to mitigate vulnerabilities among Nabaa residents On-going Project Main SocialStability Strategies 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 Gas Station Gas Abi Nassif Communal Space (ACTED) Municipal Garden (UNDP) Public Garden (UN-Habitat) Landmarks Neighbourhood Connectivity Main Neighbourhood Entrance Under-bridge Potential Public Space Main Children Gathering Area Potential Space Safe Main Commercial Activity 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Mar Sarkis Sarkis Mar Mar Sarkis Sarkis Mar Mar Sarkis Sarkis Mar Sarkis Mar Sarkis Mar Sarkis Mar Sarkis Mar Church Church Church Church Church Church Church Mosque Mosque Mosque Mosque Mosque Mosque Mosque Farhat Farhat Farhat Farhat Farhat Farhat Farhat Armenian Relief Relief Armenian Gas Station Gas Cross Lebanon Abi Nassif 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 Armenian Relief Relief Armenian Cross Lebanon 3 Mar Sarkis Sarkis Mar Church 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mosque Farhat 3 2 1 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Armenian Relief Relief Armenian Cross Lebanon 3 Gas Station Gas Station Gas Station Gas Station Gas Gas Station Gas Mar Sarkis Sarkis Mar Gas Station Gas Abi Nassif Abi Nassif Abi Nassif Abi Nassif 2 Abi Nassif Abi Nassif Church 1 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Mosque Farhat Gas Station Gas Abi Nassif 3 2 1 N N N N N N N Main Urban Upgrading Strategies 3 Mar Sarkis Sarkis Mar Church 0 Mosque 2 Farhat Dumping Site Prototype Street Unlit Road Deteriorated Road Storm/Waste Water Network ulig wt N t Vr Po Cneto to Storm Connection Waste,and Potable Water) Poor (Electricity, Very Services to Infrastructure No with Buildings and Structural/Exterior PoorestCommon Area Conditions with Buildings 1 Armenian Relief Relief Armenian Cross Lebanon 50 Armenian Relief Relief Armenian Relief Armenian Relief Armenian Relief Armenian Armenian Relief Relief Armenian Armenian Relief Relief Armenian Cross Lebanon Cross Lebanon Cross Lebanon Cross Lebanon Cross Lebanon Cross Lebanon 3 2 1 2 1 0 100 3 Mar Sarkis Sarkis Mar Church Mosque Farhat N 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 50 3 3 3 3 0 3 3 2 Mar Sarkis Sarkis Mar Sarkis Mar Sarkis Mar Sarkis Mar Mar Sarkis Sarkis Mar 1 Mar Sarkis Sarkis Mar Church Church Church Church Church Church Mosque Mosque Mosque Mosque Mosque Mosque 100 Farhat Farhat Farhat Farhat Farhat Farhat 50 N 0 50 2 2 2 2 2 2 100 1 1 1 1 1 1 100 N N 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 50 50 50 50 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 N N N N N N SOCIAL STABILITY Historically, Nabaa has been home to multiple nationalities starting with the Lebanese, Armenians and Arabs to present-day Syrian, Palestinian and Southeast Asian economic migrants and refugees. Its economic strengths relate to its geographical proximity to central Beirut and low-cost rental prices. The Nabaa Neighbourhood Profile [NP] (UN-Habitat, 2016) population survey revealed that 63% of residents are Syrian refugees, living on average at 5.3 people/residential unit, while 33% are Lebanese, living at residential unit densities of 3.5 people on average. The remaining 4% are of various nationalities including PRL, PRS, Filipino, Sri Lankans, Indians and Bangladeshis. Demographic analysis show that Nabaa has transformed from a host community neighbourhood into a majority refugee one, with some streets inhabited completely by Syrian families. The local representatives group reported that the common skills profile shared between Syrian refugees and the host community may be giving rise to social tensions which can be observed throughout Nabaa. The proposed community development process aims at reinforcing social stability, enabling access to livelihoods, empowering women and youth, protecting children, and mobilising the community to take collective action on - and generate solutions to - shared social and economic problems for community wellbeing.

29 30 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ NABAA - BOURJ HAMMOUD / 2017 (4) Private vacant lots (3) Water tower space Communal space project (ACTED)(2) (1) Public space project (UN Habitat) (4) Public sport field (3) BourjHammoud Stadium (2) Homentment Stadium lot Vacant (1) SAFETY &SECURITY Figure 29Open spaces around Nabaa Figure 30 Potential spaces within Nabaa A study on Housing Land and Property Issues in Lebanon in Issues Property and Land Housing on study A amongst ofalcoholabuse youth,lack accessibleand common ofharassmentsafespacesand girls. and women discussions. Nabaa’scommunityin Social multi-national focusgroupstensionsduring reported on haveobservedand been through dialogue between refugees and host communities interactionwithin the neighbourhood and with its surroundings.social enhancing and spaces safe accessing law; Lebanese with accordance in and age nationality,and ofgender regardless life political and cultural social, in participation promoting inclusion; and integration Developing mechanisms for strengthening communities; addressing physical and non-physical obstacles Reinforcingto socialstability within Nabaa requires: social cohesion. predominantly The cohort. that for family-orientated naturenet of the neighbourhood maysecurity now be capitalised on as a majorimportant asset for promoting social an as reported been has refugees Syrian amongst influx, citing lower incidences of street violence and a healthier neighbourhood life. The tightly-knit social network long-termnumberresidentsresidentsin ofabout the linkedfall the male single post-2011 to the Syrianrefugee Potential safe space Open spaces concerns include informal security networks, pressure of street gangs, drug gangs, street of pressure networks, security informal include concerns security and Safety (8) Public garden (7) Saydeh publicgarden (6) Municipal Garden (UNDP) (5) Kidsgarden Sport field 1 UN-Habitat Lebanon. (2014). Housing Land andProperty Issues inLebanon. ep iiae oil eso wti hueod ad nrae oil integration social increase and households within tension social mitigate • Help (eg boys and girls men, women, for spaces communal safe to access • Increase promote that events recreational and sports street in youth and children • Engage areas green and spaces safe open of network a create to strategy a • Develop fenced abandoned (eg events and meetings social for place community a • Create • Establish regular night patrols to mitigate safety andsecurity risks. of respect in role police municipal of duties and role the of awareness • Raise (ofaccessibleharassmentstreets where and for safeneed awarenessof • Raisethe • Addressrelatedissues insecurezonesspecificallyto byhighlighted orcrime social community enables that system a establish to capacity municipality’s the • Build • Enhance communication between the municipality, neighbourhood committee and Figure 1) recreational family-oriented organising by Nabaa activities and awareness-raising campaigns for Syrian and Lebanese of families. (See fabric (as social and Nabaa pattern outside or (2) residency cohousing dominant spaces the on Build groups). focus public women by suggested existing in community Nabaa within and labour practices with added features of anenvironment-friendly design. materials relevant locally through children) for playgrounds space pocket create inclusive activitiesand the activation of publicspaces (2).(See Figure 1) including the potentially available openspaces around Nabaa. (See Figure 1) land (4). (See Figure 2) community stakeholders andsocialservice providers. Upgrading section) Urban (See activities. and campaigns community through addressed is females) tensions (e.g. narrow alleys, unlitareas). (See Section3Urban Upgrading) stability challenges andsolutions within aparticipatory approach. social address to discussions) groups focus (eg decision-making in involvement and opportunitiespertaining to socialcohesion within the neighbourhood. problems discuss to parties) political (especially actors governance local existing SHORT TERM RESPONSE IMMEDIATE RESPONSE 1 (UN-Habitat, 2014) identified satisfaction amongst satisfaction identified 2014) (UN-Habitat, 6 months 12 months MID TERM RESPONSE 2 years • Institutionalise a collaborative system between the municipality, neighbourhood committee, youth council and local residents to support sustainable social stability frameworks that address social, political and economic equality. • Create a community centre (eg Mar Takla School 300m2 open land) which can host diverse events and be utilised as an awareness-raising space for schools and NGOs. Implement children and youth initiatives (summer camps, artistic activities, sport initiatives etc.) to promote participation and sponsorship of youth in the community. • Establish an analysis and reporting system within the municipality’s (RTO) to monitor early warning signals and mainstream conflict sensitivity amongst Example of pocket space - © UN Habitat (2017) partners so as to maintain services.

LOCAL ECONOMY Nabaa holds a multinational community with various production and technical skills (eg tailoring, carpentry, mechanics etc.) and a local market that is considered cheaper than others in Bourj Hammoud and Beirut. In the post-2011 context, livelihoods in Nabaa are now more vulnerable given the neighbourhood’s already low socio-economic status and increased density over this period. The commercial land use survey in the Nabaa Neighborhood Profile (UN-Habitat, 2016) indicates that its market is based on retail goods and services (83%) by number of premises, with the single largest sector being food and groceries (30% of retail goods and services premises); production and services workshops (17%), with the single largest sector being mechanics (30% of preoduction and services workshops). Enabling livelihood protection and improving livelihood promotion is likely to be critical to elevating the socio-economic status amongst residents. Strengthening the local market and livelihood opportunities includes: Sustaining existing market streets; building entrepreneurial behavior among women and youth; addressing existing barriers to accessing market streets; as well as encouraging market consumer participation. Enhancing local development and income-generating opportunities can in turn help reduce unemployment rates and protect vulnerable people, particularly youth and women. LOCAL MARKET IMMEDIATE RESPONSE 6 months • Leverage Bourj Hammoud Municipality to establish retail rules and regulations for all merchants (uniform rent strategies, signage etc.). FOOD& BEVERAGES SHORT TERM RESPONSE 12 months • Address infrastructure assets (See Section 3 Urban Upgrading) influencing 29% enterprise activity and profit-making to support local development and promote inclusive growth. • Develop a support system for renewable energy provision for workshops not able to operate due to electricity cuts and high generator prices. • Build the capacity of (major) consumer goods enterprises (see Figure 3) with retail best practices (marketing, food safety, quality control, accounting and technical skills) to maximise consumer experience and sales uplifts skills. ELECTRONIC • Connect business support and training centre(s) to help merchants according to 12% their business’ needs: noting that 47% businesses are new, 20% established and BOUTIQUE 33% mature (UN-Habitat 2016). 16% MID TERM RESPONSE 2 years • Establish joint ventures between local artisans (see Figure 3) and major actors/ corporate industrial enterprises in the local market for exchanging knowledge and expertise, outsourcing selected manufacturing work and recruiting the trained youth apprentices. • Relocate production workshops (eg mechanics, carpenters etc.) which generate BEAUTY REST./CAFE negative public health impacts within residential Nabaa to more suitable areas, ideally with better service provision, where they can also better undertake marketing 9% 5% activities (as suggested by the local representatives group). Figure 31 Nabaa’s major consumer goods enterprises

31 1 3 32 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ NABAA - BOURJ HAMMOUD / 2017 L A PRO A Horizontal and vertical games © UN Habitat UN © games vertical and Horizontal Figure 32Nabaa’s major workshop types © CatalyticAction © Example of space-efficient playground playground space-efficient of Example UN Habitat public garden project (2016) project garden public Habitat UN 2 20% CARPE 30% MECH IVELIHOODS as education, labour, violence, abuseandexploitation in the publicandhouseholds. ofsuch participation protectionissues engaging the child address familiesis vulnerable to as important, is laws generates neighbourhood child protection Nabaarisks. Empowering key multi-cultural actors and from the family-basedmunicipality and low-income, police to the be more of active over-densificationin administering The ANIC NTER TECTIVE EN 9% REPA 15% TA ILOR IR sals bte codnto bten col’ diitain ad municipal and administrations schools’ between coordination better • Establish crossings, pedestrian safe designing through spaces public to access • Enhance events community and/or activities school campaigns, door-to-door • Conduct Social and committee neighbourhood the between relationship the • Strengthen advocacyensure committee to services social municipality’sofcapacity the • Build their studying further by environments children’s of safety the to threats • Assess Connect unemployed women and youth to international/local organisations for organisations international/local to youth and women unemployed • Connect their encourage and vocations professional within participation women’s • Build local and Nabaa within artisans local between opportunities apprentice • Establish • Train youth in business management entry level basics including training tools such vulnerable of employability and capacities the on focused analysis an • Conduct VIRON oie o ntgt a uiia plc gad o ec sho wo ol help would will contribute who to asafe schoolenvironment. This school time. school after each mainly problems for circulation and guard tensions social policemitigate municipal a instigate to police community. Nabaa (See Figures 2&3) engage which events organising and advertising increasing puppet show production, parent-child events).workshop, movie-making (eg protection child in standards global and practices best labour, and education child on awareness raise caregivers/educatorsto for present at alllevels andjointly planrelated interventions. Development Centres (SDCs) to ensure advocacy for child protection principles are for childprotection isestablished. Hammoud and the surrounding area. Bourj within education) & (health services social to access and well-being social volunteer andsocial work opportunities. of 14% up make (which boutiques as such commercial premises), beauty salons(9%) and ones tailor workshops (4%). business existing innovative as well support as instance, ventures For economy. local the in involvement youth seeking vocational training. demand adopting approaches that position them well within the value chain. local to response in grow to potential with sectors business to entrepreneurship Orientate support. procurement accounting, conditions, working marketing, as; and opportunities market sectors, empowerment interventions. major or each recreational needs within the neighbourhood to derive facing context-sensitive economic obstacles youth, MID TERM RESPONSE IMMEDIATE RESPONSE SHORT TERM RESPONSE SHORT TERM RESPONSE IMMEDIATE RESPONSE REV: REV: REV: REV: IMPLEMENTATION-OF-SAFE-INCLUSIVE-AND-ACCESSIBLE-PUBLIC-SPACES-IN-NABAA UNESCO REGIONALBUREAU UNITED NATIONSHUMANSETTLEMENTSPROGRAMME ENTITLED TOUSEITFORCARRYINGOUTANYWORKSOUTSIDETHESCOPE OF WORKSPROGROUPSARLWITHOUTPRIORWRITTENCONSENT. OWNERSHIP OFTHISDOCUMENTANDTHECOPYRIGHT,SHALLREMAIN THE PROPERTYOFUNHABITATANDCLIENTSHALLNOTBE N/A 1/100 PERSPECTIVES 2 1 NABAA-BOURJHAMOUD STATUS 20/6SS 02/09/16 PS-003 MEN ARCHITECTURE BY BY BY BY BK A1 070916 020916 T FO 2 years 6 months 6 months R CHIL 12 months 12 months DRE N MID TERM RESPONSE 2 years • Address risks to child health, safety and security such as overhead electric wires, poor wastewater and solid waste management etc. (See Section 3 Urban Upgrading). 6 7 • Tackle children’s common activity of spending leisure time playing in streets in 5 terms of protection and safety risks. Create safe spaces that provide children with inclusive activities and support their social learning. Given constraints on creating 4 playgrounds or finding public spaces in Nabaa; potential multi-use safe spaces 3 optinos could include: 2 - A multi-themed space-efficient playground or play structure on municipal land or on an abandoned lot. - Low maintenance recreational activities organised by NGOs at school playgrounds in afternoons/weekends with free entrance. (See Figure 6) 1 - Sport competitions/tournaments between schools at their playgrounds. - Pocket playgrounds with alternative uses for horizontal and vertical surfaces, located at left-over spaces surrounded by mainly pedestrian rights of way. - Floor-marked themed games at tertiary roads with low to no vehicular access. N Figure 33 Schools within Nabaa 0 - Awareness100 200 murals promoting a child-friendly environment. (1) Soeurs du Rosaire School (5) Al Muwaten School (2) Mar Takla School (6) Al Tarakki School • Assess feasibility and establish a multipurpose common space (eg proposed Mar Schools within Nabaa (3) Al Ahlieh School (7) Bourj Hammoud Public Takla open land as a cultural centre) for children to play and develop skills necessary (4) Al Sharki Siryan School School 2 for well-being and social interaction.

GENDER EQUALITY The main issues reported by women and girls in Nabaa are their limited access to the job market, as well as to participation in decision making, and their personal safety and security in public spaces in a context of space appropriate by males and by dominant gangs. Furthermore, an (implicit) social tension between Lebanese and Syrian women was reported. Women play a crucial role in caring for, sustaining and rebuilding their communities. To achieve gender equality, the empowerment of all women and girls and enforcement of their human rights must be upheld at all levels of government in processes that integrate their participation.

IMMEDIATE RESPONSE 6 months • Strengthen women’s decision making by ensuring their representation within local authorities acting in Nabaa. • Promote attitudes and practices which are empowering and protective of women through conducting capacity building trainings and awareness-raising sessions with the community. • Integrate gender equality through establishing and implementing monitoring of women protection issues in collaboration with the municipality and interested Example of bazar © UN Habitat (2016) stakeholders. SHORT TERM RESPONSE 12 months • Establish mechanisms for strengthening social stability, promoting co-existence and enhancing social interaction by building on social collectors - events or community processes that bring the different parts of communities together (eg recreational and awareness events such as female community choir, Arab cultural festival, trips outside Nabaa etc. as suggested in women focus groups). © Elie Mansour, UN-Habitat (2016) • Mitigate safety issues impeding women and girls from leaving the house (ie well lit streets, safe communal spaces). • Provide basic business skills and training including accounting, small business set- up, procurement etc. to jobless women, promote their entry to the labour market (e.g. food processing project), and connect them to (I)NGOs active within Nabaa (eg volunteer and social work) • Support skilled women to exhibit/sell their artisan crafts, organic products etc. in Abandoned water tower-Potential exhibition space & garden bazars in Bourj Hammoud area or by creating an exhibition space (eg rehabilitating © Elie Mansour, UN-Habitat (2017) the abandoned water tower,)

33 34 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ NABAA - BOURJ HAMMOUD / 2017 Figure 34Sports fields outsideNabaa YO (3) Homentment Basketball Field (2) Public sport field (1) BourjHammoud Municipality football field Example of mini basketball playground basketball mini of Example Example of mini football playground football mini of Example Reference Image 5 - © UN Habitat 2016 Habitat UN © - 5 Image Reference achieving sustainabledevelopment. to vital is processes educational development and decision-making participatory in of ofyouthinvolvement The and monitoring. provision reporting society,active and within awareness-raising, projects, role peace-building facilitating active opportunities, economic youth’s and highlighting prevention, and intervention early Addressing existing juvenile delinquency, drug and alcohol abuse, and social conflicts can be achieved by promoting their skillsdevelopment, access to resources, criticalawareness, andleadershipskills. enabling their civic, economic and social participation at individual and organisational levels, through addressing density.neighbourhood’s the to due and visible common be representativesto meetings local group and groupsfocus during stated abuse was dense in low reported income areNabaa given learning scarcity education and competitionhigher on job and opportunities. In school addition, ofalcohol and completion substance low with youth unemployed of rates High UTH EMPO WERMENT in Nabaa are to be addressed as change agents by agents change as addressed be to are Nabaa in males and Youngfemales • Train youth council to set up and administer summer play camps for younger youth/ address to Centres Development Social the of capacity the support and • Assess mini-footballa orbasketballhalfcourt (eg courts a sport mini design • Identifyand and coach can they which by playmakers be to youth male and female • Train in engage to youth local for tournaments sports as such initiatives youth• Foster drama (eg activities building peace and recreational in together youth • Bringing co-existence promoting stability, social strengthening for mechanisms • Establish youth include to programs out-reach develop to Municipality • Strengthen need market local to comparison in skills and capacityyouth on study a • Conduct represent to 15-25 aged youth elected of comprising council youth a • Establish inclusion. social and equality gender fostering and engagement civic and skills, leadership ambassadors, community become to drive their enhancing on focused children and respond to drugabuse. pitch) inpotential spaces, after liaisingaboutland tenure with the municipality. manage sportcompetitions. Municipal Hammoud Bourj Football Field to host the events. (See Figure Activate 7) fields. sport nearby the at sportsmanship workshops/events, art music clubor choir etc.). competition, entrepreneurs’ youth workshops, therapy engaged citizenship, effective leadershipandsuccessful problem-solving. on initiatives or events training youth Organise interaction. social enhancing and the youth council to organise awareness events targeting caregivers, schoolsetc.). participation in the development and roll out of local programs (eg collaborate with so as to inform capacity building themes needed. authorities andorganisations. local Committee, Neighbourhood the to area their in people young of views the MID TERM RESPONSE SHORT TERM RESPONSE IMMEDIATE RESPONSE 2 years 6 months 12 months URBAN UPGRADING Urban upgrading aims at stabilising deteriorating conditions and improving living conditions in partnership with the local authorities, community and other stakeholders. The strategy focuses on local connectivity and improvement of potable water, storm water, wastewater, electricity and solid waste management to existing larger-scale networks and systems. Proposed works take into account phasing of interventions, where primary and secondary networking are suggested to be improved first. These interventions also seek to address issues negatively impacting shops and workshops in Nabaa. The strategy does not take into account the need for general maintenance and improvements of privately owned buildings, though it suggests interventions for substandard shelters. Projects mentioned are detailed in terms of number of buildings impacted ( ), number of residents and beneficiaries ( ) and number of (work)shops ( ) which directly benefit from the interventions and estimated project costs (US ).

35 36 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ NABAA - BOURJ HAMMOUD / 2017 SERVICES CONDITIONS AND BUILDING STRUCTURAL 2.1 Main structure ISkeleton IFoundations BUILDING STRUCTURAL CONDITIONS HO (phased response) Figure 35Building structural condition Structure IExterior walls IRoof I Windows IBalconies IFixed features EXTERIOR BUILDINGCONDITIONS (phased response) Figure 36Building exterior condition 0 areas of buildings,andincreasing potable water accessibility. Proposed buildings mostly dating to the 1950s apartment multi-storey of composed is Nabaa neighbourhood, residential dense a As Lebanesearea. of the departure from familiesthe and crisis refugee Syrian the of onset the since intensified has trend This realtors. local of handful a to properties oftheir management the delegate to opted graduallyhave and neighbourhood incrementallyadditional as floors werein added 1960s. the Alarge number of property owners notdo live in the had buildings developedthe been first self-builtas ground floorduring units expandedand 1950s, the upwards civil war 1975-1990and a particularlythe ofskewed yearspost-war early resettlement policy,the during housing increased displacementin the neighborhood. population Manyforced ofof history a to due mid-1990s, the In Fair structural conditions Substandard structural conditions Severe structural hazards Fair exterior conditions Substandard exterior conditions Dilapidated exterior conditions 100 USI related interventions include addressing building structural conditions, improving common improving conditions, structural building addressing include interventions related housing 200 NG NG SERVICES CONDITIONS AND BUILDING STRUCTURAL 2.1 SERVICES CONDITIONS AND BUILDING STRUCTURAL 2.1 N 0 0 communal spaces conditions bldgs ext. conditions structural 100 100 200 200 N N 2 2 * .

efr pth n rpi o al io cak and cracks minor all on repair and patch • Perform of• Structurallybydistresssigns reinforcingstabilise cracks, Establish a mechanism for municipality / RTO technical RTO / municipality for mechanism a • Establish sals a ehns fr h mncplt’ RO to RTO municipality’s the for mechanism a • Establish due fail to started have that parts/assemblies • Retrofit • Identify solutions and temporary improvements for rooftop extensive with balconies walls, damaged severely • Repair communal spaces conditions bldgs ext. conditions structural communal spaces conditions bldgs ext. conditions structural UN-Habitat Lebanon (2014), Housing Land andProperty Issues inLebanon households. vulnerable impacting forareaspenetrationwater potential households. vulnerable impacting penetrations water visible and leaks eeey aae fudto eeet, oun, and columns, load-bearing walls, beamsor slabs). elements, foundation damaged severely (e.g. hazards critical liaise on up follow and buildings, owners private with of hazards structural monitor to teams continue monitoring exterior buildinghazards. of signs visible deterioration inbuildings with showing vulnerable households. are and water of infiltration to municipality and Ministry of Social Affairs. the with buildings substandard of shelters vulnerable households. doors, with buildings in featuresfixed unstable and roofs leaking windows/ dilapidated deflection, and/or failure IMMEDIATE RESPONSE MID TERM RESPONSE SHORT TERM RESPONSE IMMEDIATE RESPONSE SHORT TERM RESPONSE 2 years 6 months 6 months 12 months 12 months (bldgs connection) storm water (bldgs connection) waste water (bldgs connection) electricity supply domestic water 218 5,139 44 1,127 364 7141 187 4,441 51 1,180 supply domestic water (bldgs connection) electricity (bldgs connection) waste water (bldgs connection) storm water supply domestic water (bldgs connection) electricity (bldgs connection) waste water (bldgs connection) storm water structural conditions domestic water supply

bldgs ext. conditions electricity (bldgs connection) COMMON BUILDING AREAS Means of Exit I Entrances I Lighting I Provisions for people with disabilities. IMMEDIATE RESPONSE 6 months • Coordinate with building owners to install exit gates for security or to replace gates that do not function in severely distressed buildings. • Coordinate with building owners to make entrances 57 1,737 145,000 accessible at entrance level and remove all physical impediments blocking exits for fire safety that can be manually removed. • Coordinate with building owners to address areas where lights do not function by replacing bulbs and/or replacing faulty wiring, fixtures and electrical connections (preferably using solar lighting). • Engage the community in cleaning and maintaining buildings’ common spaces which constitute a security waste water communalthreat as well asspaces a safety risk for women, young girls and Figure 37 Communal spaces condition children (ie common harassment behaviour or children (bldgs connection) (phased response) mixing with gang members at night). No or damages gates Gates with major defects SHORT TERM RESPONSE 12 months Gates with minor defects • Coordinate with building owners to make entrances accessible at entrance level and remove all physical 296 5,171 135,000 impediments blocking exits for fire safety that cannot be easily removed with assistance. • Establish building maintenance committees which can ensure minor repair and routine maintenance of building 2.1 common areas. BUILDING CONNECTIONBUILDING STRUCTURAL TO POTABLE WATER SUPPLY CONDITIONS AND IMMEDIATE RESPONSE 6 months SERVICES • Connect buildings to domestic water supply network. 41 1,408 123,000 SHORT TERM RESPONSE 12 months N 0 100 200 • Replace building pipes with major leakages or deterioration. 130 3,019 195,000storm water MID TERM RESPONSE 2 years (bldgs connection) • Establish a maintenance committee to ensure minor repair and routine maintenance on building pipes is sustained. 416 7,942 470,000

structural conditions domestic water Figure 38 Building connection to the potable water supply supply (phased response) Not connected Connected with serious defects Connected with minor defects

HOUSING ISSUES • Establish an information centre for mediation and legal advice addressing HLP2 protection concerns. 765 14,760 • Leverage Municipality to work with shelter actors to establish rent and rehabilitation rules and uniform regulations for all housing brokers with necessary monitoring.

37 bldgs ext. conditions electricity (bldgs connection)

communal spaces waste water (bldgs connection)

2.1 BUILDING STRUCTURAL CONDITIONS AND SERVICES

N 0 100 200 storm water (bldgs connection) 38 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ NABAA - BOURJ HAMMOUD / 2017 NETWORK CONDITIONS ST © Elie Mansour, UN-Habitat (2016) UN-Habitat Mansour, Elie © © Elie Mansour, UN-Habitat (2016) UN-Habitat Mansour, Elie © (2016) UN-Habitat Saad, Sawsan © © Elie Mansour, UN-Habitat (2016) UN-Habitat Mansour, Elie © will help improve public health and enhance street accessibility and economic activities, whilst also whilst activities, economicprotecting BeirutRiver’s waterand course and wastewateraccessibility discharge. street enhance and health public improve help will Adequateplan. maintenance a developing and awareness, the of 82.5% (eg gullies areissues non-functional) drainage by stormwater phased upgrading and for network wastewaterwastewater overloadedand stormwaterNabaa’s network, Address raising hygiene O RM & WASTE W Figure 39Stormwater and wastewater network response plan • Upgrade wastewatercollectorit to extend waste and water • Upgrade stormwater collector and extend it rainwater to Beirut River. for greenery and design integrated • Promote • Patch andrepair all water pondingareas. and wastewater/internalarterials stormwaterall • Upgrade to capacity its building by RTO Municipality’s • Strengthen • Upgrade stormwater networks inLines 5 to 8. • Upgrade wastewater networks inLines 2 to 8. Conduct hygiene awareness-raising in the communityand the hygieneawareness-raisingin • Conduct and municipality the with plan maintenance • Develop stormwater upgrade and 1, Line culvert the • Remove storm from it separate and network wastewater • Upgrade 4 lifting station –Line 1. collection. connect them to previously installedlines. assess andmonitor emerging needs. schools. neighbourhood committee. networks inLines 1 to 4 with allrespective grates. water –Line 1. To Beirut ATER MAN Water ponding IMMEDIATE RESPONSE LONG TERM RESPONSE MID TERM RESPONSE SHORT TERM RESPONSE River 5 7 8 4 1 To Beirut Water ponding River 5 7 8 1 2 6 3 2 0 6 0 200 100 AGEMENT 3 0 wastewater and stormwatermanagementwastewater and station To WW To lifting lifting 2 years 4 To Beirut Water ponding 6 months 0 200 100 N River 4 years 5 7 8 12 months 1 connections Network station To WW To lifting lifting N 2 6 connections Network 3 3 0 29 120$/lm 120$/lm 0 200 100 4,060 90$/lm 9,500 100$/lm 14 76010,000 9,333 90$/lm 3,420 100$/lm 150$/hole station To WW To WW 90$/lm lifting lifting SW 80$/lm N connections Network structural conditions domestic water supply

structural conditions domestic water supply

bldgs ext. conditions electricity (bldgs connection)

BUILDING CONNECTIONS TO WASTEWATER NETWORK IMMEDIATE RESPONSE 6 months • Connect buildings not connected to wastewater network in domestic water buildings with vulnerable households. structural conditions 28 766 30,000 supply bldgs ext. conditions •electricity Unclog blocked and flooding wastewater plumbing system (bldgsin buildings connection) with vulnerable households. • Remove critical blockages that are flooding and discharging to basements or streets in buildings with vulnerable households. SHORT TERM RESPONSE 12 months • Repair wastewater plumbing system with major leakage problems. • Connect wastewater pipes to septic tanks and/or network 180 4,825 60,000 wastewhere possible. water communal spaces • Address all blockages that flood and discharge within Figure 40 Building connection to wastewater (bldgsbasements connection) or streets. network (phased response) Not connected MID TERM RESPONSE 2 years Connected with serious defects Connected with minor defects • Repair wastewater plumbing system with minor leakages. 371 6,471 80,000 Functional • Coordinate with building owners (& building maintenance committees) to perform routine maintenance to the bldgs ext. conditions electricity plumbing system which is installed internally and/ (bldgs connection) communal spaces wasteor on external water walls and connect it to the network when (bldgsnecessary. connection) 2.1 BUILDING STRUCTURAL BUILDING CONNECTIONS TO STORMWATER NETWORK CONDITIONS AND IMMEDIATE RESPONSE 6 months SERVICES • Connect buildings to stormwater network. • Install stormwater pipes in buildings that lack them. 35 804 25,000

N • Repair water leakage on external building walls (when 0 100 200 stormleaking penetrateswater inside). 2.1 (bldgsSHORT connection) TERM RESPONSE 12 months BUILDING STRUCTURAL • Repair installed yet leaking stormwater pipes. CONDITIONS AND • Connect pipes to the network and mitigate discharge on 215 5,511 75,000 SERVICES street. MID TERM RESPONSE 2 years waste water N • Address street discharge from stormwater pipes installed 380 6,950 60,000 communal spaces 0 100 200 stormon external water walls. (bldgs connection) •(bldgs Establish connection) a mechanism for the municipality’s RTO to Figure 41 Building connection to stormwater continue assessing and monitoring storm/wastewater network (phased response) network emerging issues. Not connected Connected with serious defects Connected with minor defects Functional

2.1 BUILDING STRUCTURAL CONDITIONS AND SERVICES

* N 3 0 100 200 UN-Habitat (2015). Beirut River 2.0 Pilot Project. storm water 39 (bldgs connection) SERVICES CONDITIONS AND BUILDING STRUCTURAL 2.1 0 100 200

* *

communal spaces conditions bldgs ext. conditions structural

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(1)

* *

(1) (1)

* *

* * DS DS DS (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 40 roads conditions 0 electricity electricity UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOODment PROFILEsolid waste manage- & STRATEGY/ NABAA - BOURJ HAMMOUD / 2017 roads conditions roads conditions 0 0 electricity electricity electricity ment ment solid waste manage- solid waste manage- BUILDING CONNECTION TO PUBLIC/PRIVATE ELECTRICITY & TELECOM STREET ELECTRICITY EL

(phased response) Figure 43 Building connection to electricity Figure 42Electricity management (phased response)

* * Addressing the safety of wire arrangements, private generators, electricity outages and dark streets, and the over-burdeneddark network iskey toand enhancinglivingconditions, safety andproductivity.outages electricity generators, private arrangements, wire of safety the Addressing activity. economic and accessibilitysecurity, and safety on impact which generators private polluting Electric infrastructure in Nabaa faces various challenges with illegal connections, haphazard wiring and 100 Primary roads Primary 100 100 Primary roads Primary roads Primary Unlit areas Minor lighting defects Electric hazards Tangled overhead wires Private generator Unlit areas Minor lighting defects Electric hazards Tangled wires Private generator Connected with minor defects Connected with seriousdefects Not connected ECTRICITY MAN

Unlit areas Unlit areas Minor lighting defects Minor lighting defects Electric hazards Electric hazards Tangled overhead wires Tangled overhead wires Private generator Private generator

200

* * 200 200

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N N

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* * DS (2) (2) roads conditions Initiate a pilot for solar power panels on rooftops ofrooftopspublic for on pilotpower solar panels a • Initiate building to dangerous are which connections • Replacewire • Connect buildings to the electricgrid. connections electric repair and • Rehabilitate/rearrange and connections wires, tangled of condition the • Study • Address poor and medium condition power connections, in wires electric to pertaining measures safety • Address • Enable the municipality/RTO to enhance safe accessibility from pollution noise and air address to measures • Take the power to owners generator temporary for • Advocate • Enhance safety through instalment of light fixtures inunlit erag ad ear lcrcwr cnetoswih are which connections wire electric repair and • Rearrange (bldgs connection) electricity supply domestic water (bldgs connection) storm water (bldgs connection) waste water 0 electricity electricity ment solid waste manage- reduce the dependency ongenerators. institutions/socialHammoudto Bourj in buildings service residents, or remove those not connected to the network. to the network. connected and/ornot pedestrians and residents building (tangled wires, deflected poles etc.) which are dangerous to and municipality) incollaboration with MOEW &EDL. scheme & providers internet rewiring generators, stakeholdersprivate committee, (local with a coordination in plan plan implementation and measures, safety up mechanism with the municipality /RTO. follow- a establishing byEDL & MOEW with collaboration or safety limited with externally weatherproofing measures. installed are which lighting minordefects (with solutionspreferably involving solar lighting). with streets monitoring by Nabaa within muted generators etc.). (egresidentiallocations dense privategeneratorsin filters, with nosolar power yet established. oflightingelectricity areaspublic in streetsoutages during streets, preferably with solar lighting. the network. to connected and/ornot residents building to dangerous AGEMENT MID TERM RESPONSE SHORT TERM RESPONSE MID TERM RESPONSE SHORT TERM RESPONSE

IMMEDIATE RESPONSE IMMEDIATE RESPONSE * 100 Primary roads Primary Unlit areas Minor lighting defects Electric hazards Tangled overhead wires Private generator 200 N 2 years 2 years sidewalks social stability 6 months 6 months sidewalks sidewalks social stability social stability 12 months 12 months 4 ,8 1,600/fix. 1,484 14 180 4,460270,000 24 726 96,000 600/pole 1,600/fix 7,335 127 150/battery 250/bulb sidewalks social stability CIRCULATION FACILITATION Nabaa’s ease of accessibility within and connection to Bourj Hammoud, surrounding industrial areas and domestic water Beirut is integral to capitalising on its economic opportunities. This entails rehabilitating deteriorated structural conditions roads, keeping sidewalks accessible and improving the neighbourhood’s circulation and connectivity. supply

(1) IMMEDIATE RESPONSE 6 months • Rehabilitate roads with major signs of deterioration (deteriorated asphalt, potholes, water ponds etc.). 85 SHORT TERM RESPONSE 12 months • Enhance Nabaa’s internal accessibility by adding missing sidewalks needed in primary roads with high vehicular and pedestrian throughflow. • Enforce regulations against blocking sidewalks adjacent to shops/ workshops by goods or parked vehicles. 242 (1) • Rehabilitate roads with minor signs of deterioration (deteriorated asphalt, potholes, water ponds etc.). • Improve Nabaa’s external connectivity to Bourj Hammoud through various interventions such as:

(1) − North side: Address the bridge dividing the neighbourhood by Figure 44 Road condition (phased response) roadstransforming conditions the under-bridge area to an inviting public space with sidewalksbldgs ext. conditions electricity temporary interventions. Deteriorated roads (bldgs connection) Roads with minor signs of deterioration − North side: Enhance access to municipal gardens north of Nabaa Prototype Streetscape in Bourj Hammoud through designing safe pedestrian crossings Nabaa’s connectivity to Bourj Hammoud (speed bumps, cats’ eyes, painted road markings where necessary), Main neighbourhood entrances (1) increasing advertisement to visit the gardens, and organising events which are attractive to the Nabaa community. MID TERM RESPONSE 2 years roads conditions sidewalks • Plan and execute a prototype street (incorporating street lighting, paving, greening) located on a high visibility, intensely used thoroughfare (eg Mar Takla School street as requested by the local roads conditions representatives groups). sidewalks

Primary roads Primary roads N 0 100 200 DS N DS 0 100 200 solid waste manage- social stability ment solid waste manage- socialcommunal stability spaces waste water roads conditions Figure 45 Sidewalk condition (phased response) sidewalksment Non existing sidewalks Under-bridge green columns & basketball (bldgs connection) Sidewalks with major signs of deterioration playground © UN Habitat © Riham Kowatli, UN-Habitat (2016) * Private generator Tangled overhead wires

Electric hazards * * * Minor lighting defects Unlit areas Primary roads * * N Private generator DS* 0 100 200 * electricity Tangled overhead wires solid waste manage- social stability Electric hazards 2.1 ment * * * Minor lighting defects BUILDING STRUCTURAL Unlit areas CONDITIONS AND SERVICES Primary roads * N * N DS 0 100 200 0 100 200 * *Private generator storm water solid waste manage- Tangled overhead wires socialelectricity stability 4141 (bldgs connection) ment Electric hazards * * * Minor lighting defects Unlit areas

* * Private* generator * Tangled overhead wires

Electric hazards electricity * * * Minor lighting defects Unlit areas

* * * electricity

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(1)

* * DS 42 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ NABAA - BOURJ HAMMOUD / 2017 roads conditions 0 electricity electricity ment solid waste manage- (phased response) Figure 46Solid waste management © Elie Mansour, UN-Habitat (2016) UN-Habitat Mansour, Elie © S © UN Habitat (2016) Habitat UN © Example of recycling initiative recycling of Example

systematising disposal,raising awareness andsupporting the municipality by buildingitscapacity. inadequate collection system by rehabilitating existing dumpsite, meeting solid waste collection needs, poor the Address * OL Major areas with streets littering 100 Primary roads Primary

Unlit areas Minor lighting defects Electric hazards Tangled overhead wires Private generator *

ID WASTE MAN *

200 *

N *

(1)

* * DS oi wse management waste solid upr te uiiaiy n eeoig n integrated an developing in municipality the • Support • Establish adjacent to Bourj Hammoud controlled dumpsite fines administer to enforcement law municipal • Leverage well-defined a through system collection the • Upgrade • Provide arecycling wheelie bin(240L) for eachbuilding. by practices sorting informal existing on • Capitalise monitoring gaps, addressing in municipality the • Support buildings ofgroup a forbins ofprovisionwheelie the • Pilot • Subsequently provide 5m3 dumpsters at existing dumping support and (DS) site dumping existing the • Rehabilitate Example of dumpsite intervention - © UN Habitat (2016) Habitat UN © - intervention dumpsite of Example roads conditions 0 electricity electricity ment solid waste manage- Bourj Hammoud. all for strategy zero-waste a for plan management waste solid waste. Hammoud Bourj recycling for centre sorting secondary a on solid waste violations. private municipality,service providers andNabaa residents. the with coordination in schedule, informalsolid waste management sectors. and formal the between system a establishing neighbourhood committee. management, the with coordination waste in campaign anti-littering an solid & 3Rs on schools and community the in campaign awareness an launching & interventions secondary & tertiary roads. in dumpsters unwelcomed the placing for substitute a as site. the municipality inshifting to proper dumpingsystems. MID TERM RESPONSE SHORT TERM RESPONSE AGEMENT

IMMEDIATE RESPONSE * 100 Primary roads Primary Unlit areas Minor lighting defects Electric hazards Tangled overhead wires Private generator 200 nrsrcue wdsra o-tet itrn ad the and littering on-street widespread infrastructure, N 2 years 6 months sidewalks social stability 12 months 14,76025,000 14,76050,000 US$40/Wheelie sidewalks social stability INTEGRATED APPROACH The neighbourhood approach promotes multi-sectoral objectives integrated within a spatial framework. Figure 20 suggests key interfaces between urban upgrading and community development. Urban upgrading can advance agendas related to the concerns of safety and security, public health, accessibility and economy development, which may in turn positively impact on the development of the Nabaa community. promotes impacts URBAN UPGRADING OBJECTIVE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

BUILDING CONDITIONS SOICAL STABILITY Basic urban services Safe shelters Structural conditions Safe common spaces Safe inclusive spaces SAFETY & SW & WW MANAGEMENT SECURITY Upgrade network LIVELIHOOD Connections to all building Customers experience Entreprises activity

ELECTICITY MANAGEMENT PUBLIC HEALTH Light unlit areas CHILDREN ENVIRONMENT Improve network conditions Safe spaces Ensure child protection ACCESSIBILITY CIRCULATION Rehabilitate roads and GENDER EQUALITY sidewalks Visible role of women in the society New economic opportunities ECONOMY Ensure safe spaces DEVELOPMENT SOLID WASTE Proper dumping site YOUTH EMPOWERMENT Upgrade waste collection Promote skills development system Social participation

Figure 47 Inter-linkages between urban upgrading interventions and community development responses

43 44 UN-HABITAT LEBANON / NEIGHBOURHOOD PROFILE & STRATEGY/ NABAA - BOURJ HAMMOUD / 2017 Funded by Partner