Landwards Feb 06

Agriculture • Horticulture • Forestry • Environment • Amenity LANDWARDSSpring 2006 Tillage Dynamics Engine Development www.iagre.org Volume 61 No.1 61 No.1 Volume Canefield Cultivator IAgrE JOURNAL PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS Ethics in Engineering: Academy launches Statement of Principles he decisions and actions regard to the environment and allow others to be mislead, creation, the natural of engineers have a the sustainability of resources. about engineering matters; environment and social Tprofound impact on the They have made personal and and justice whilst ensuring that world we live in, and society at professional commitments to • present and review all developments meet the large. Making a clear and public enhance the well-being of engineering evidence, theory needs of the present without commitment to operating with society through the exploitation and interpretation honestly, compromising the ability of integrity and honesty is essential of knowledge to create new accurately and without bias future generations to meet to create a greater level of trust things and the management of and quantify all risks. their own needs; and and confidence, and a positive creative teams. • act honourably, responsibly perception of the engineering This statement of Ethical Honesty and integrity and lawfully so as to uphold profession. Principles establishes the There are fundamental common the reputation, standing and The Royal Academy of standard which the members of values that bind all humanity dignity of the profession. Engineering, in collaboration the engineering profession together: the profession derives with Engineering Council (UK) adopt to regulate their working its ultimate value from people. Responsible leadership: and a number of the leading habits and relationships. The Accordingly, all dealings with listening and informing professional engineering values on which it is based others should be conducted Professional Engineers should institutions, has created a should apply whether or not an with fairness and honesty and exercise high standards of Statement of Ethical Principles engineer is acting in a Professional Engineers should leadership in the exploitation to which it believes all professional capacity. accord the highest importance and management of technology. professional engineers and There are four fundamental to freedom of choice, equality They hold a privileged and related bodies should subscribe. principles which guide an of opportunity and social trusted position in society and “Engineers have a profound engineer in achieving the high justice; they should: have a duty to ensure that their impact on the world in which ideals of professional life. These • be alert to the ways in which position is not used to the we live. To ensure that this express the beliefs and values of their duties derive from and benefit of personal or sectional impact is always directed the profession and are amplified affect the work of other interests or to the detriment of towards the public good, it is below. To aid interpretation in people; respect the rights the wider community but is essential that we operate with a practical situations guidance and reputations of others; seen to reflect public concern; real commitment to honesty notes will be provided. • avoid deceptive acts and they should: and integrity,” says Lord Broers takes steps to prevent • identify and be aware of the FREng FRS, President of the Accuracy and veracity corrupt practices and issues that engineering raises Royal Academy of Engineering. • Professional Engineers have a professional misconduct; for society; listen to the “We can only be proud of our duty to ensure that they declare conflicts of interest; aspirations and concerns of profession if we behave, and are acquire and use wisely and • reject bribery or improper others; seen to behave, ethically.” faithfully all knowledge influence; and • lead in promoting public Engineering is the relevant to the engineering • act for each employer or awareness and understanding knowledge required, and the skills needed in their work in client in a reliable and of the impact of engineering process applied, to conceive, the service of others; they trustworthy manner. achievements; and design, make, build, operate, should: • issue public statements only sustain, recycle or retire, • act with care and Respect for life, law and the in an objective and truthful something of significant competence in all matters public good manner. technical content for a specific relating to duties; In making choices, Professional purpose – a concept, a model, a • maintain up to date Engineers should give due CONTACT product, a device, a process, a knowledge and skills and weight to all relevant law, facts system, a technology. assist their development in and guiding principles and to the Jane Sutton, The Royal Engineers are individuals others; public interest; they should: Academy of Engineering. Tel: who apply this creative process. • perform services only in • ensure that all work is lawful +44 (0)20 7227 0536. E- Professional Engineers work to areas of current and justified; mail: enhance the welfare, health and competence; • minimise and justify any [email protected] safety of all whilst paying due • not knowingly mislead, or adverse effect on wealth Volume 60 No 6, 2006 The Professional Journal for Engineers, Scientists, and Technologists in Agriculture, Horticulture, Forestry, Environment LANDWARDS and Amenity CONTENTS Editor Eur Ing Prof Brian D Witney Feature Articles PhD CEng CEnv FIMechE HonFIAgrE MemASABE FFCS LAND TECHNOLOGY LTD 33 South Barnton Ave, 2 MACHINE DESIGN Edinburgh, EH4 6AN Tel/Fax:+44 (0)131 336 3129 Canefield cultivator for ratoons E-mail: [email protected] Elbashir A Hammad Website: http://www.landtec.co.uk 8 TILLAGE DYNAMICS Advertising All enquiries to IAgrE Spreadsheet models for the prediction of soil tillage imple- Tel:+44 (0)1525 861096 ment forces Fax: +44 (0)1525 861660 Richard J Godwin and Michael J O'Dogherty Origination: David King 13 ENGINE DEVELOPMENT Printing: Barr Printers Ltd The development and launch of the JCB444 diesel engine Publisher Landwards is published quarterly by: IAgrE, Membership Matters centrefold West End Road, Silsoe, Bedford, MK45 4DU Tel:+44 (0)1525 861096 News and Comment Fax: +44(0)1525 861660 E-mail: [email protected] 12 News scan Website: http://www.iagre.org 16 Publications President 23 Company and product information Peter L Redman BSc(Hons) CEnv FIAgrE Chief Executive & Secretary Front cover: Straw bales for cattle bedding handled with the Maxxum 100x tractor and LRX loader (Photo: Case IH) Christopher R Whetnall CEnv IEng FIAgrE MemASABE The views and opinions expressed in individual contributions are not those necessarily of IAgrE or the Editor. Landwards is compiled from information received by IAgrE but no responsibility can be accepted by the governing Council, the Publishers or the Editor in respect of any errors or omissions. The Editor reserves the right to edit any material sent to the journal. Material from this publication may be quoted or reported on condition that full credit is given to Landwards and to the author, and that the date of publication and volume number are stated. In the interest of factual reporting, reference to trade names and pro- prietary products may be inevitable. No endorsement of the named products or manufacturers is intended and no adverse criti- cism is implied of similar products which are not mentioned. © The Institution of Agricultural Engineers (IAgrE) ISSN 1363-8300 MACHINE DESIGN The canefield cultivator; a two- furrow, tractor mounted machine designed to comprise functional components of a chisel cultivator, two fertiliser applicators and a ridger. A CANEFIELD CULTIVATOR FOR RATOONS Elbashir A Hammad Abstract conventional practice. 40,000 hectares, using the Sugar cane is grown in Kenana However, with the cultivator, ridge and furrow system. A Estate (Sudan) as an irrigated energy in kWh/ha and tractor- cane production cycle starts crop using the ridge and hours/hectare to reform the with plant cane and may furrow system. Cultivation profiles and incorporate continue to the 9th ratoon practices for ratoon cane fertiliser, were respectively 67% according to the productivity establishment are rather and 30% of those required of the particular field. Ratoons intensive. Conventionally, four with the conventional constitute more than 80% of to five operations are practices. the total area under cane. performed to reform the ridge Adopted cultivation and furrow system and to Introduction practices for ratoon cane incorporate fertiliser in the Sugarcane in the Sudan is establishment are intended to furrow soil. grown as an irrigated crop in enhance adequate irrigation, to A ratoon cane field the Central Clay Plain situated incorporate fertiliser in the cultivator was designed to between latitudes 10o and 16o furrows and to provide traffic accomplish in a once-over north and longitudes 32o and lanes. Operations start with manner, required ridge and 37o east. The plain is Vertisolic, chiselling the furrows (inter- furrow profiles with granular of 60 to 80% clay, with a rows) to an approximate depth BIO NOTE fertilisers placed and covered dominance of smectite clay of 10 cm to loosen surface soil, Dr Hammad MIAgrE is Training Manager at at the sides of the furrows, minerals (Blokhus, 1993). followed by reformation of o the Kenana Sugar Company, Khartoum, adjacent to the cane rows. In Kenana (latitude 13 N ridge and

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