Recognizing the Past in the Present
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Race and Membership in American History: the Eugenics Movement
Race and Membership in American History: The Eugenics Movement Facing History and Ourselves National Foundation, Inc. Brookline, Massachusetts Eugenicstextfinal.qxp 11/6/2006 10:05 AM Page 2 For permission to reproduce the following photographs, posters, and charts in this book, grateful acknowledgement is made to the following: Cover: “Mixed Types of Uncivilized Peoples” from Truman State University. (Image #1028 from Cold Spring Harbor Eugenics Archive, http://www.eugenics archive.org/eugenics/). Fitter Family Contest winners, Kansas State Fair, from American Philosophical Society (image #94 at http://www.amphilsoc.org/ library/guides/eugenics.htm). Ellis Island image from the Library of Congress. Petrus Camper’s illustration of “facial angles” from The Works of the Late Professor Camper by Thomas Cogan, M.D., London: Dilly, 1794. Inside: p. 45: The Works of the Late Professor Camper by Thomas Cogan, M.D., London: Dilly, 1794. 51: “Observations on the Size of the Brain in Various Races and Families of Man” by Samuel Morton. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, vol. 4, 1849. 74: The American Philosophical Society. 77: Heredity in Relation to Eugenics, Charles Davenport. New York: Henry Holt &Co., 1911. 99: Special Collections and Preservation Division, Chicago Public Library. 116: The Missouri Historical Society. 119: The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit, 1882; John Singer Sargent, American (1856-1925). Oil on canvas; 87 3/8 x 87 5/8 in. (221.9 x 222.6 cm.). Gift of Mary Louisa Boit, Julia Overing Boit, Jane Hubbard Boit, and Florence D. Boit in memory of their father, Edward Darley Boit, 19.124. -
The Nazi Legacy of Pernkopf's Atlas
J. A. Hartsock & E. S. Beckman . Conatus 4, no. 2 (2019): 317-339 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/cjp.21076 A Human Paradox: The Nazi Legacy of Pernkopf’s Atlas Jane A. Hartsock1 and Emily S. Beckman2 1Indiana University Health, USA E-mail address: [email protected] ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2359-7706 2Indiana University - Purdue University, USA E-mail address: [email protected] ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4966-0950 Abstract Eduard Pernkopf’s Atlas of Topographical and Applied Human Anatomy is a four-volume anatomical atlas published between 1937 and 1963, and it is generally believed to be the most comprehensive, detailed, and accurate anatomy textbook ever created. However, a 1997 investigation into “Pernkopf’s Atlas,” raised troubling questions regarding the author’s connection to the Nazi regime and the still unresolved issue of whether its illustrations relied on Jewish or other political prisoners, including those executed in Nazi concentration camps. Following this investigation, the book was removed from both anatomy classrooms and library bookshelves. A debate has ensued over the book’s continued use, and justification for its use has focused on two issues: (1) there is no definitive proof the book includes illustrations of concentration camp prisoners or Jewish individuals in particular, and (2) there is no contemporary equivalent to this text. However, both points fail to address the central importance of the book, not simply as part of anatomy instruction, but also as a comprehensive historical narrative with important ethical implications. Having encountered a first edition copy, these authors were given a unique opportunity to engage with the text through the respective humanities lenses of history, ethics, and narrative. -
American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler's Death
American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler’s Death Undergraduate Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with honors research distinction in History in the Undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Kelsey Mullen The Ohio State University November 2014 Project Advisor: Professor Alice Conklin, Department of History Project Mentor: Doctoral Candidate Sarah K. Douglas, Department of History American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler’s Death 2 Introduction The fall of Berlin marked the end of the European theatre of the Second World War. The Red Army ravaged the city and laid much of it to waste in the early days of May 1945. A large portion of Hitler’s inner circle, including the Führer himself, had been holed up in the Führerbunker underneath the old Reich Chancellery garden since January of 1945. Many top Nazi Party officials fled or attempted to flee the city ruins in the final moments before their destruction at the Russians’ hands. When the dust settled, the German army’s capitulation was complete. There were many unanswered questions for the Allies of World War II following the Nazi surrender. Invading Russian troops, despite recovering Hitler’s body, failed to disclose this fact to their Allies when the battle ended. In September of 1945, Dick White, the head of counter intelligence in the British zone of occupation, assigned a young scholar named Hugh Trevor- Roper to conduct an investigation into Hitler’s last days in order to refute the idea the Russians promoted and perpetuated that the Führer had escaped.1 Major Trevor-Roper began his investigation on September 18, 1945 and presented his conclusions to the international press on November 1, 1945. -
Beyond the Racial State
Beyond the Racial State Rethinking Nazi Germany Edited by DEVIN 0. PENDAS Boston College MARK ROSEMAN Indiana University and · RICHARD F. WETZELL German Historical Institute Washington, D.C. GERMAN lflSTORICAL INSTITUTE Washington, D.C. and CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS I Racial Discourse, Nazi Violence, and the Limits of the Racial State Model Mark Roseman It seems obvious that the Nazi regime was a racial state. The Nazis spoke a great deal about racial purity and racial difference. They identified racial enemies and murdered them. They devoted considerable attention to the health of their own "race," offering significant incentives for marriage and reproduction of desirable Aryans, and eliminating undesirable groups. While some forms of population eugenics were common in the interwar period, the sheer range of Nazi initiatives, coupled with the Nazis' willing ness to kill citizens they deemed physically or mentally substandard, was unique. "Racial state" seems not only a powerful shorthand for a regime that prioritized racial-biological imperatives but also above all a pithy and plausible explanatory model, establishing a strong causal link between racial thinking, on the one hand, and murderous population policy and genocide, on the other. There is nothing wrong with attaching "racial. state" as a descriptive label tci the Nazi regime. It successfully connotes a regime that both spoke a great deal about race and acted in the name of race. It enables us to see the links between a broad set of different population measures, some positively discriminatory, some murderously eliminatory. It reminds us how sttongly the Nazis believed that maximizing national power depended on managing the health and quality of the population. -
How the Pernkopf Controversy Facilitated a Historical and Ethical
Clinical Anatomy 19:91–100 (2006) REVIEW How the Pernkopf Controversy Facilitated a Historical and Ethical Analysis of the Anatomical Sciences in Austria and Germany: A Recommendation for the Continued Use of the Pernkopf Atlas SABINE HILDEBRANDT* Division of Anatomical Sciences, Office of Medical Education, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan Eduard Pernkopf’s Topographical Anatomy of Man has been a widely used standard work of anatomy for over sixty years. International inquiries about the National Socialist (NS) political background of Eduard Pernkopf and the use of bodies of NS victims for the atlas were first directed at the University of Vienna in 1996. A public discussion about the fur- ther use of the book followed and led to the creation of the Senatorial Project of the Uni- versity of Vienna in 1997. This historical research project confirmed the strong NS affilia- tion of Pernkopf and revealed the delivery of at least 1,377 bodies of executed persons to the Anatomical Institute of Vienna during the NS time. The possible use of these bodies as models cannot be excluded for up to half of the approximately 800 plates in the atlas. In addition tissue specimens from NS victims were found and removed from the collec- tions of the Viennese Medical School and received a burial in a grave of honor. The Pern- kopf controversy facilitated the historical and ethical analysis of the anatomical sciences in Austria and Germany during the NS regime. The continued use of the Pernkopf atlas is not only justifiable but desirable as a tool in the teaching of anatomy, history, and ethics. -
Grey Anatomy: Reconsidering the Legacy of Nazi Medicine Through Eduard Pernkopf's Topographische Anatomie Des Menschen
The Pernkopf anatomy atlas is extant... and is now actively sold and distributed by Urban and Schwarzenberg. This offends me. The Nazis, Nazi physicians, and their era represented a horrible, unprecedented evil, repugnant to all humanity and medical tradition.l This outstanding book should be of great value to anatomists and surgeons. It is in a class of its own and will continue to be valued.2 I would not ban this book, and indeed I would encourage its printing and use. In future, I would insist that it be printed in its 1941 edition, with all of the swastikas SS symbols. There must be a note in the fly leaf explaining the origin of the bodies and the book's history. We can not alter history but we can publicize it.3 'Richard S. Panush, "Nazi Origins of an Anatomy text: the Pernkopf Text [letter]," Journal of the American Medical Association 276, no.20 (1996): 1633- 1634. Richard S. Snell, "Pernkopf Anatomy: Atlas of Topographic and Applied Human Anatomy," review of Atlas of Topographical and Applied Human Anatomy, Volume I: Head and Neck. Ed. Werner Platzer. 3rd Revised Edition. New England Journal of Medicine 323, no. 3 (1990): 205. 3Paul M. Allen, "On First Looking into Pernkopf s Atlas: Some Further Comments," Archives of Dermatology 138, no. 2 (2002): 266-267. UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA GREY ANATOMY: RECONSIDERING THE LEGACY OF NAZI MEDICINE THROUGH EDUARD PERNKOPF'S TOPOGRAPHISCHE ANATOMIE DES MENSCHEN BY DAWN ALEXANDREA BERRY \ , A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE DEGREE -
Tracing Objects of Measurement: Locating Intersections of Race, Science and Politics at Stellenbosch University
TRACING OBJECTS OF MEASUREMENT: LOCATING INTERSECTIONS OF RACE, SCIENCE AND POLITICS AT STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY Handri Walters Thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Social Anthropology in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Professor Kees (C.S.) van der Waal Co-Supervisor: Professor Steven Robins March 2018 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za i Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za DECLARATION By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. March 2018 Copyright © 2018 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved i Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za ii Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za ABSTRACT This study departs from a confrontation with a collection of ‘scientific’ objects employed at Stellenbosch University in various ways from 1925 to 1984. Eugen Fischer’s Haarfarbentafel (hair colour table), Rudolf Martin’s Augenfarbentafel (eye colour table) and Felix von Luschan’s Hautfarbentafel (skin colour table) - a collection later joined by an anatomically prepared human skull - are employed in this study as vessels for -
Note to the Users of Pernkopf's Atlas of Topographical and Applied
Note to the Users of Pernkopf’s Atlas of Topographical and Applied Human Anatomy 152 Note to the Users of Pernkopf’s Atlas of Topographical and Applied Human Anatomy The various editions of Pernkopf’s Atlas of Topographical and Applied Human Anatomy are based on the original version, Topographische Anatomie des Menschen, published in German in four volumes between 1937 and 1957. Its author, the anatomist Eduard Pernkopf (1888- 1955) was a high-ranking Austrian National Socialist. As dean of the Medical Faculty of Vienna, he was co-responsible for the expulsion of hundreds of Jewish scientists and students from the university. Between 1943 and 1945, he held one of the highest academic positions in Nazi-controlled Austria as rector of the University of Vienna. What is more, the Vienna Institute of Anatomy, which Pernkopf headed, received during the war the bodies of at least 1377 people executed by the regime, many for their political views or acts of resistance, including at least seven Jewish victims. An investigation commissioned by the University of Vienna in 1997/98 came to the conclusion that in all likelihood, a considerable number of the paintings produced for Pernkopf’s Atlas of Topographical and Applied Human Anatomy during and after the war are based on the bodies of these victims. Also, as a symbol of allegiance to National Socialism, some original illustrations were marked with Nazi symbols such as swastikas by the painters. These signs were sometimes retouched in later editions. Due to the anonymization of the bodies and war-time losses of the original documentation, it is impossible to determine which illustrations in the atlas are based on victims of National Socialist persecution and repression. -
Martin Bormann Gratis Epub, Ebook
MARTIN BORMANN GRATIS Auteur: Emerson Vermaat Aantal pagina's: 176 pagina's Verschijningsdatum: 2020-05-14 Uitgever: Aspekt B.V., Uitgeverij EAN: 9789463388801 Taal: nl Link: Download hier martin bormann Anderen dachten dat hij door de Sovjets als gevangene naar Moskou was overgebracht. Volgens nog anderen verbleef hij in de VS of in Groot- Brittannië. Op 8 december werden tijdens werkzaamheden bij de Berlijnse Tiergarten twee stoffelijke overschotten aangetroffen. Een tandarts identificeerde Bormann aan de hand van oude gebitfoto's. Het andere lichaam zou toebehoren aan Dr. Ludwig Stumpfegger, Hitlers lijfarts. Resten van cyaankalicapsules wezen op eventuele zelfmoord om niet in handen van de Geallieerden te vallen. Een tweede onderzoek in bevestigde dat het gevonden stoffelijk overschot wel degelijk dat van Bormann was. Op verzoek van de familie werden de stoffelijke resten gecremeerd en verstrooid. Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie. Martin Bormann. Gezien op 17 dec. Laatste bewoners van de Führerbunker op datum van vertrek Naamruimten Artikel Overleg. Weergaven Lezen Bewerken Brontekst bewerken Geschiedenis. Gebruikersportaal Snelcursus Hulp en contact Donaties. Links naar deze pagina Verwante wijzigingen Bestand uploaden Speciale pagina's Permanente koppeling Paginagegevens Deze pagina citeren Wikidata-item. Wikimedia Commons. Wegeleben , Koninkrijk Pruisen , Duitse Keizerrijk. Berlijn , nazi-Duitsland. Secretaris v. Adolf Hitler. Reichsleiter SS - Obergruppenführer. Tweede Wereldoorlog. San Jose, CA: R. James Bender. ISBN Geraadpleegd op 10 april Zie de categorie Martin Bormann van Wikimedia Commons voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp. De Engelstalige Wikiquote heeft een of meer citaten van of over Martin Bormann. Hermann Göring · Heinrich Himmler. Robert Ley · Karl-Jesko von Puttkamer. Topics Alle artikelen uit 13 kwaliteitskranten. -
Der Letzte Befehl.Pdf
Über den Autor: Armin D. Lehmann, geboren 1928 bei München, wohnte bis 1943 mit seiner Familie in Breslau. Nach dem Krieg arbeitete er zunächst als freier Journalist für Zeitungen in Süddeutschland, bevor er 1953 in die USA auswanderte. Dort war er bis zu seiner Pensionierung in der Tourismusbranche tätig. Seine Erfahrungen in Nazi-Deutschland und seine Begegnungen mit Menschen aller Kontinente haben Armin D. Lehmann zum überzeugten Pazifisten gemacht. ARMIN D. LEHMANN DER LETZTE BEFEHL Als Hitlers Botenjunge im Führerbunker Aus dem Englischen von Bernd Rullkötter unter Mitarbeit des Autors BASTEI LÜBBE TASCHENBUCH Band 61568 1. Auflage: Mai 2005 Vollständige, korrigierte Taschenbuchausgabe der im Gustav Lübbe Verlag erschienenen Hardcoverausgabe Bastei Lübbe Taschenbücher und Gustav Lübbe Verlag in der Verlagsgruppe Lübbe Titel der Originalausgabe: Hitlers Last Courier: A Life in Transition Copyright © 2000 by Armin D. Lehmann Published by arrangement with Xlibris Corporation, Philadelphia, USA Copyright © 2003 für die deutschsprachige Ausgabe by Verlagsgruppe Lübbe GmbH &. Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach Textredaktion: Dr. Anita Krätzer, München Strichzeichnungen im Text: Reinhard Borner, Hückeswagen Register: Barbara Lauer, Bonn Die Anhänge B und C wurden mit freundlicher Genehmigung von Dr. Michael Buddrus entnommen aus: Michael Buddrus, Totale Erziehung für den totalen Krieg. Hitlerjugend und nationalsozialistische Jugendpolitik, 2 Teile, München: K. G. Saur 2003 (© K. G. Saur) Umschlaggestaltung: HildenDesign, München (www.hildendesign.de) Umschlagmotive: Corbis, Düsseldorf Satz: Bosbach Kommunikation & Design GmbH, Köln Druck und Verarbeitung: Ebner & Spiegel GmbH, Ulm Printed in Germany ISBN 3-404-61568-9 Eingescannt mit OCR-Software ABBYY Fine Reader Sie finden uns im Internet unter www.luebbe.de Der Preis dieses Bandes versteht sich einschliesslich der gesetzlichen Mehrwertsteuer. -
Military History Anniversaries 1 Thru 15 May
Military History Anniversaries 1 thru 15 May Events in History over the next 15 day period that had U.S. military involvement or impacted in some way on U.S military operations or American interests May 01 1778 – American Revolution: The Battle of Crooked Billet begins in Hatboro, Pennsylvania » On 1 JAN John Lacey was appointed brigadier-general and given command of a large body of militia with the aim of interrupting British supply lines, especially those reaching Philadelphia. Crooked Billet was the Headquarters of Lacey, and became the target of the British commander in Philadelphia, Gen. William Howe. Lacey had been charged with patrolling the area north of Philadelphia, between the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers, with responsibility for warning Valley Forge of attacks, checking British foraging raids, and preventing local trade with the British. Most of the enlistments of the few troops he had were due to expire shortly. Promised, and desperately needed, reinforcements were slow arriving or simply not coming. The British dispatched a joint force of British troops and Hessians on 30 APR and they surprised the American forces whose commander was still in bed. The British had surprised the Americans and attempted to cut them off with a "pincer" type movement. Bands of Loyalists and British horsemen grew increasingly bold, and their raids into Lacey's sector were becoming more frequent. On 1 MAY, during the morning, Lacey found his camp near the Crooked Billet Tavern virtually surrounded by the British. Though outnumbered, Lacey rallied his troops during the initial attack and was able to withdraw to a nearby wooded area and make a stand. -
Zum Selbstverständnis Von Frauen Im Konzentrationslager. Das Lager Ravensbrück
Zum Selbstverständnis von Frauen im Konzentrationslager. Das Lager Ravensbrück. von der Fakultät I Geisteswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Berlin genehmigte Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktorin der Philosophie vorgelegt von Silke Schäfer aus Berlin D 83 Berichter: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Benz Berichterin: Prof. Dr. Johanna Bleker (FUB) Tag der Wissenschaftlichen Aussprache 06. Februar 2002 1 Inhaltsverzeichnis Einleitung 4 1 Problemfelder und Nachkriegsprozesse 11 1.1 Begriffsklärung 11 1.1.1 Sprache 13 1.1.2 Das nationalsozialistische "Frauenbild" 14 1.1.3 Täterinnen 18 1.1.4 Kategorien für Frauen im Konzentrationslager 19 1.1.5 Auswahlkriterien 26 1.2 Strafverfolgung 28 1.2.1 Militärgerichtsverfahren 29 1.2.2 Die Hamburger Ravensbrück-Prozesse 32 1.2.3 Strafverfahren vor deutschen Gerichten 38 1.2.4 Strafverfahren vor anderen Gerichten 40 2 Topographie 42 2.1 Vorgeschichte 42 2.1.1 Moringen 42 2.1.2 Lichtenburg 45 2.2 Das Frauen-KZ Ravensbrück 47 2.2.1 "Alltagsleben" 52 2.2.2 Solidarität 59 2.3 Arbeit 62 2.3.1 Arbeitskommandos 63 2.3.2 Wirtschaftliche Ausbeutung 64 2.3.3 Lagerbordelle und SS-Bordelle 69 2.4 Aufseherinnen 75 2.4.1 Strafen 77 2.5 Lager bei Ravensbrück 80 2.5.1 Männerlager 81 2.5.2 Jugendschutzlager Uckermark 81 3 Die Medizin 86 3.1 Der Blick auf die Mediziner 86 3.1.1 Das Revier 87 3.2 Medizinische Experimente 89 3.2.1 Sulfonamidversuche / Knochen-, 91 Muskel- und Nervenoperation Sulfonamidversuche 93 Knochen-, Muskel- und Nervenoperation 104 Versuche 108 3.3 Sterilisation 110 3.3.1 Geburten und Kinder 115 3.4 Das medizinische Personal 123 3.4.1 NS-Ärztinnen - Lebensskizzen 125 Jantzen geb.