Zum Selbstverständnis Von Frauen Im Konzentrationslager. Das Lager Ravensbrück
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The Obedience Alibi Milgram 'S Account of the Holocaust Reconsidered
David R. Mandel The Obedience Alibi Milgram 's Account of the Holocaust Reconsidered "Unable to defy the authority of the experimenter, [participantsj attribute all responsibility to him. It is the old story of 'just doing one's duty', that was heard time and again in the defence statement of the accused at Nuremberg. But it would be wrang to think of it as a thin alibi concocted for the occasion. Rather, it is a fundamental mode of thinking for a great many people once they are locked into a subordinate position in a structure of authority." {Milgram 1967, 6} Abstract: Stanley Milgram's work on obedience to authority is social psychology's most influential contribution to theorizing about Holocaust perpetration. The gist of Milgram's claims is that Holocaust perpetrators were just following orders out of a sense of obligation to their superiors. Milgram, however, never undertook a scholarly analysis of how his obedience experiments related to the Holocaust. The author first discusses the major theoretical limitations of Milgram's position and then examines the implications of Milgram's (oft-ignored) experimental manipula tions for Holocaust theorizing, contrasting a specific case of Holocaust perpetration by Reserve Police Battalion 101 of the German Order Police. lt is concluded that Milgram's empirical findings, in fact, do not support his position-one that essen tially constitutes an obedience alibi. The article ends with a discussion of some of the social dangers of the obedience alibi. 1. Nazi Germany's Solution to Their J ewish Question Like the pestilence-stricken community of Oran described in Camus's (1948) novel, The Plague, thousands ofEuropean Jewish communities were destroyed by the Nazi regime from 1933-45. -
Clauberg's Eponym and Crimes Against Humanity
IMAJ • VOL 14 • deceMber 2012 FOCUS Clauberg’s Eponym and Crimes against Humanity Frederick Sweet PhD1 and Rita M. Csapó-Sweet EdD2 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA 2Department of Media Studies, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA discoverers. The eponym issue is less settled because the ABSTRACT: Scientific journals are ethically bound to cite Professor names had become part of medical literature [3-6]. Dr. Carl Clauberg’s Nazi medical crimes against humanity In 2007, Strous and Edelman [3] argued that eradicating whenever the eponym Clauberg is used. Modern articles Nazi doctor eponyms has become critical. They conceded that still publish the eponym citing only the rabbit bioassay used there might be arguments for preserving Nazi doctor eponyms in developing progesterone agonists or antagonists for in order to keep alive the memory of criminal medical behav- birth control. Clauberg’s Nazi career is traced to his having ior. Physicians need reminding how a few can darken their subjected thousands of Jewish women at the Ravensbruck profession by monstrously betraying medical ethics. Moreover, and Auschwitz-Birkenau death camps to cruel, murderous shockingly inhumane Nazi medical experiments associated sterilization experiments that are enthusiastically described with the perpetrators’ eponyms can help remind students of by incriminating letters (reproduced here) between him and lessons taught in medical ethics classes long after the classes the notorious Nazi Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler. The experiments were carried out in women’s block 10 in Auschwitz- have ended. Nevertheless, it was proposed [3]: Birkenau where Clauberg’s colleague Dr. -
Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Mensen, macht en mentaliteiten achter prikkeldraad: een historisch- sociologische studie van concentratiekamp Vught (1943-1944) Meeuwenoord, A.M.B. Publication date 2011 Document Version Final published version Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Meeuwenoord, A. M. B. (2011). Mensen, macht en mentaliteiten achter prikkeldraad: een historisch-sociologische studie van concentratiekamp Vught (1943-1944). General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:04 Oct 2021 Mensen, macht en mentaliteiten achter prikkeldraad Een historisch-sociologische studie van concentratiekamp Vught (1943-1944) Marieke Meeuwenoord 1 Mensen, macht en mentaliteiten achter prikkeldraad 2 Mensen, macht en mentaliteiten achter prikkeldraad Een historisch-sociologische studie van concentratiekamp Vught (1943-1944) ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. -
Endbericht Für Den Zukunftsfonds Der Republik Österreich
ENDBERICHT FÜR DEN ZUKUNFTSFONDS DER REPUBLIK ÖSTERREICH DIE STRAFRECHTLICHE VERFOLGBARKEIT NATIONALSOZIALISTISCHER VERBRECHEN IM KOMPLEX LUBLIN-MAJDANEK. DIE DEUTSCHEN PROZESSE: QUELLEN, ÜBERBLICK UND VERGLEICH MIT ÖSTERREICH Projekt P09-0560 Projektleitung: Dr. Winfried R. Garscha Sachbearbeiterin: Dr.in Claudia Kuretsidis-Haider Trägerverein: Zentrale österreichische Forschungsstelle Nachkriegsjustiz (FStN) Projekt: Die strafrechtliche Verfolgbarkeit nationalsozialistischer Verbrechen im Komplex Lublin-Majdanek Zentrale österreichische Forschungsstelle Nachkriegsjustiz Projektleitung: Dr. Winfried R. Garscha ([email protected]; 0699 10332810) I. Forschungsgegenstand 2008 erteilte die damalige Bundesministerin für Justiz, Dr.in Maria Berger, der Zentralen österreichischen Forschungsstelle Nachkriegsjustiz (FStN) den Auftrag, eine eventuell noch mögliche strafgerichtliche Verfolgbarkeit von NS-Verbrechen im KZ Majdanek aus der Sicht der historischen Forschung einzuschätzen. Ausgangspunkt dieses Forschungsauftrages war, dass im Zuge der vom Leiter des Jerusalemer Simon-Wiesenthal-Zentrums, Efraim Zuroff, im Jahre 2002 initiierten „Operation: Last Chance“ zur Ausforschung noch lebender mutmaßlicher NS- TäterInnen im Mai 2004 der Name einer in Wien lebenden ehemaligen Aufseherin des KZ Majdanek, Erna Wallisch, genannt wurde. 2006 legten die polnischen Justizbehörden dem österreichischen Justizministerium polnische Zeugenaussagen vor, die eine Beteiligung Wallischs an Morden in Majdanek vermuten ließen. Das in der Folge eingeleitete -
«Io Ho Superato Tutto, Ma Di Notte Sogno I Bambini» Analisi Dell’Intervista Ad Antonia Bruha Di Regina Fritz1
«Io ho superato tutto, ma di notte sogno i bambini» Analisi dell’intervista ad Antonia Bruha di Regina Fritz1 traduzione dal tedesco e adattamento di Adriana Lotto 1. La vita Antonia Bruha è nata come Antonia Spath il 1° marzo 1915 a Vienna. Sua madre, originaria della Boemia meridionale, era stata mandata dalla famiglia a Vienna perché imparasse le buone maniere prima di unirsi in matrimonio con uno svedese. Invece lì aveva conosciuto il futuro padre di Antonia, discendente da una vecchia famiglia delle Fiandre. Lo aveva infine sposato ed era così rimasta in quella città. Lei era una donna borghese, credente di stretta osservanza, lui un socialista contrario già a quell’epoca all’imperatore. Poiché voleva che Antonia e sua sorella, maggiore di tre anni, imparassero la lingua materna, Antonia frequentò la scuola ceca di Vienna. Il suo più grande desiderio era, dopo la fine della scuola, studiare lingue slave all’Università, ma la madre non glielo permise: Lei non voleva e ha detto: “Una donna deve saper cucinare, deve saper cucire, questo è importante, perché avrà il governo della casa una volta sposata. Per questo non occorre studiare” No? Mio padre, che l’aveva sempre spuntata, questa volta non ci è riuscito e mia madre ha deciso che dovevo fare la sarta. E cucire è stata l’unica cosa che ho odiato a scuola, non volevo cucire né fare la maglia. Non volevo, lo racconto adesso, perciò tu sola lo sai, non volevo fare la maglia, e dovendo fare un paio di calzini per la scuola ho fatto e rifatto per dieci volte i talloni così che alla fine i calzini li ha fatti mia madre. -
Numero 43 – Luglio 2020 Indici DEP 2004- 2019
Numero 43 – Luglio 2020 Indici DEP 2004- 2019 Issue 43 – July 2020 DEP Issue Index 2004-2019 ISSN: 1824-4483 DEP 1 Numero monografico Indice Luglio 2004 Donne tra esilio e deportazione Ricerche Bruna Bianchi, I primi campi di concentramento. Testimonianze femminili da Cuba, dalle Filippine e dal Sud Africa (1896-1906) p. 1 Daniele Ceschin, La condizione delle donne profughe e dei bambini dopo Caporetto p. 23 Luciana Palla, Scritture di donne: la memoria delle profughe trentine nella prima guerra mondiale p. 45 Adriana Lotto, La deportazione femminile nella storiografia tedesca p. 53 Serena Tiepolato, “...und nun waren wir auch Verbannte. Warum? Weshalb?” Deportate prussiane in Russia. 1914-1918 p. 59 Documenti “…io ho superato tutto, ma di notte sogno i bambini”: analisi dell’intervista ad Antonia Bruha di Regina Fritz (A. Lotto) p. 87 Memoria di Nina Gagen-Torn, parte terza: Il secondo viaggio (A.Piepoli) p. 99 A. Efron, Racconti orali (G. Spendel) p. 151 Interviste e Testimonianze Intervista a Tea Palman (A. Lotto) p. 157 Strumenti di ricerca Bibliografia di memorie dal Gulag (E. Magnanini) p. 193 Recensioni e schede A. Rodrigo, Mujer y exilio 1939 (S. Romero) p. 161 C. O. Kelly, L’albero dai fiori rossi (B. Bianchi) p. 163 M. Avakian, Una terra per Siran (S. Garna) p. 169 O. Adamova-Sliozberg, Il mio cammino (E. Magnanini) p. 173 M. Doerry-L.Jahn, Il mio cuore ferito (A. Lotto) p. 177 M.Echeverria-C. Castillo, El vuelo de la memoria (E. Scarzanella) p. 179 DEP 2 Numero monografico Indice Gennaio 2005 L’esperienza femminile dei campi di concentramento Ricerche Bruna Bianchi, Il rapporto di Emily Hobhouse sui campi di concentramento in Sud Africa e la sua accoglienza in Inghilterra (gennaio - ottobre 1901) p. -
Nationalsozialismus in Der Österreichischen Provinz
Am Umschlag: "Beschauschein vom 11. 4. 1945. Der Beschauarzt verübte beim Zusammenbruch Selbstmord." Aus: Erlaftal-Bote, 90. Jg., Nr. 17, 23. April1980. MITTEILUNGEN DES INSTITUTS FÜR WISSENSCHAFT UND KUNST, 46. JG. 1991 I NR. 4, öS 50,- 1 WlFIBJM_~ ' EDITORIAL INHALT Historische Forschung und Vermittlung darf nicht Jacqueline Vansant auf Gedenktage und Jubiläen beschränkt bleiben. NATIONALSOZIALISMUS UND Der Arbeitskreis "Nationalsozialismus in der Öster• AUTOBIOGRAPHIEN VERFOLGTER reichischen Provinz" versucht die insbesonders FRAUEN ... :. 2 durch das Gedenkjahr 1938/88 in Fluß gekommene Beschäftigung mit dem deutschen Faschismus in Klaus-Dieter Mulley Österreich interdisziplinär weiterzuführen und auch "AHNENGAU DES FÜHRERS" Lokalforschern eine Plattform für die Präsentation Alltag und Herrschaft in "Niederdonau" und Konfrontation ihrer Forschungsergebnisse zu 1 938-1945 . 7 geben. Die folgenden Beiträge zeigen eine Vielfalt der Zugänge zum regionalen und lokalen Gesche hen. Eine Ablöse der "alten Heimatgeschichten", in Franz Steinmaßl welchen die Zeit 1938 bis 1945 ausgeklammert DAS HAKENKREUZ IM HÜGELLAND oder auf die Erwähnung von ein paar überregiona• Widerstand und Verfolgung im len Ereignissen beschränkt, somit die Mitwirkung ei Bezirk Freistadt 1938-1945 ................ 18 nes Großteils der Bevölkerung an der Etablierung und Aufrechterhaltung des NS-Regimes schamhaft Ernst Langthaler verschwiegen wurde, scheint sich anzubahnen. Im THESEN ZUR GESELLSCHAFTS Arbeitskreis werden nicht nur Regional- oder Lokal GESCHICHTE DES NATIONAL geschichten diskutiert, sondern - wie der Beitrag SOZIALISMUS AM BEISPIEL "Nationalsozialismus und Autobiographien verfolg FRANKENFELS 1932-1956 ................ 22 ter Frauen" zeigt - auch "überregionale" Aspekte und Konsequenzen des Nationalsozialismus vorge tragen, besprochen und zum "heimatlichen" Ge Robert Streibel schehen in Beziehung gesetzt. Was Altred Pfoser in DIE "GAUHAUPTSTADT" KREMS einem anderen Zusammenhang schrieb, gilt auch Eine Geschichte in vier Bildern ............. -
Holocaust Glossary
Holocaust Glossary A ● Allies: 26 nations led by Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union that opposed Germany, Italy, and Japan (known as the Axis powers) in World War II. ● Antisemitism: Hostility toward or hatred of Jews as a religious or ethnic group, often accompanied by social, economic, or political discrimination. (USHMM) ● Appellplatz: German word for the roll call square where prisoners were forced to assemble. (USHMM) ● Arbeit Macht Frei: “Work makes you free” is emblazoned on the gates at Auschwitz and was intended to deceive prisoners about the camp’s function (Holocaust Museum Houston) ● Aryan: Term used in Nazi Germany to refer to non-Jewish and non-Gypsy Caucasians. Northern Europeans with especially “Nordic” features such as blonde hair and blue eyes were considered by so-called race scientists to be the most superior of Aryans, members of a “master race.” (USHMM) ● Auschwitz: The largest Nazi concentration camp/death camp complex, located 37 miles west of Krakow, Poland. The Auschwitz main camp (Auschwitz I) was established in 1940. In 1942, a killing center was established at Auschwitz-Birkenau (Auschwitz II). In 1941, Auschwitz-Monowitz (Auschwitz III) was established as a forced-labor camp. More than 100 subcamps and labor detachments were administratively connected to Auschwitz III. (USHMM) Pictured right: Auschwitz I. B ● Babi Yar: A ravine near Kiev where almost 34,000 Jews were killed by German soldiers in two days in September 1941 (Holocaust Museum Houston) ● Barrack: The building in which camp prisoners lived. The material, size, and conditions of the structures varied from camp to camp. -
Contemporary Views on the Holocaust
Contemporary Views on the Holocaust Randolph L. Braham, Editor .,~ KluweroNijhoff Publishing a member of the Kluwer Academic Publishers Group Boston The Hague Dordrecht Lancaster Distributors for North America: Kluwer Boston, Inc. 190 Old Derby Street Hingham, MA 02043, U.S.A Distributors outside North America: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group Distribution Centre P.O. Box 322 3300AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands Ubrary of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Contemporary views on the Holocaust. (Holocaust studies series) 1. Holocaust, Jewish (1939~ 1945) - Addresses, essays, lectures. 2. Holocaust, Jewish (1939~1945) - Historiography - Addresses, essays, lectures. Braham, Randolph L. II. Senes. D810.J4C67 1983 940.53'15'03924 83-177 IS8N·13: 978·94-009·6683-3 e·IS8N·13 978-94-009-6681·9 001: 10.1007/978·94·009-6681·9 Copyright © 1983 by Kluwer·Nijhoff Publishing No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means without written permission of the publisher. Holocaust Studies Series Randolph L. Braham, Series Editor The Graduate School and University Center, The City University of New York Previously published: Perspectives on the Holocaust, 1983 The Holocaust Studies Series is published in cooperation with the Jack P. Eisner Institute for Holocaust Studies. These books are outgrowths of lectures, conferences, and research projects sponsored by the Institute. It is the purpose of the series to subject the events and circumstances of the Holocaust to scrutiny by a variety of academics who bring different scholarly disciplines to the study. Contemporary Views on the Holocaust Contents Preface by Randolph L. -
Schoen Consulting Claims Conference Holocaust Topline – AUSTRIA, US, CANADA March 2019 Screening Questions
Schoen Consulting Claims Conference Holocaust Topline – AUSTRIA, US, CANADA March 2019 Screening Questions United States Canada Austria • {Age} 18 and older 100% Under 18 [TERMINATE] --1 General Awareness - Open Ended Questions Intro: Thank you for your participation in this survey. The next questions in the survey are about a particular historical topic – the Holocaust. These questions don’t have right or wrong answers, so please be as honest and open as you can. 1. Have you ever seen or heard the word Holocaust before? Yes, I have definitely heard about the 89% 85% 87% Holocaust Yes, I think I’ve heard about the Holocaust 7% 9% 9% No, I don’t think I have heard about the 3% 3% 2% Holocaust No, I definitely have not heard about the 1% 3% 2% Holocaust IF NO, SKIP TO Q9 2. In your own words, what does the term Holocaust refer to? OPEN ENDED WITH PRECODES (MULTIPLE ANSWERS ACCEPTED) Extermination of the Jews/Jewish people 62% 64% 58% Genocide generally 18% 19% 27% World War II 4% 32% 16% The Nazis 3% 24% 7% Adolf Hitler 3% 15% 6% Other 14% 8% 15% Not sure 3% 4% 5% 1 Throughout this document “--” indicates no response while a “blank space” indicates that the question or answer choice was not asked in that specific country. Schoen Consulting Claims Conference Holocaust Topline – AUSTRIA, US, CANADA March 2019 United States Canada Austria 3. Who or what do you think caused the Holocaust? OPEN ENDED WITH PRECODES (MULTIPLE ANSWERS ACCEPTED) Adolf Hitler 83% 48% 39% The Nazis 67% 19% 21% Jews 10% 3% 8% World War I 6% 3% 4% Germany 36% 12% 2% Antisemitism -- -- 2% Other 1% 18% 19% Not sure 4% 8% 6% 4. -
1 Vii: Roles of Physicians and Nurses in the “Medical” Experime
1 VII: ROLES OF PHYSICIANS AND NURSES IN THE “MEDICAL” EXPERIMENTS RELATED TO “RACIAL HYGIENE” Professor Susan Benedict UT Health Science Center Houston, Texas, USA 77030 [email protected] 001-713-500-2039 Purpose of the Module: To describe the role of physicians and nurses in experiments that were based upon the notion of furthering the “science” of racial hygiene. Suggested Readings: Strzelecka, I. (2000). Experiments. In Auschwitz 1940-1945, vol. II, eds. Ditugoborski, W. and Piper, F., Oświᶒcim: Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, p. 347-369. Shelley, L. (1991). Block 10. In Crimnal Experiments on Human Beings in Auschwitz and War Research Laboratories: Twenty Women Prisoners’ Accounts. San Francisco: Mellen Research University Press, p. 22. Benedict, S. and Georges, J. (2006). Nurses and the sterilization experiments of Auschwitz. Nursing Inquiry, 13: 277-288. Suggested Videos: “Healing by Killing”, part 2. Objectives: 1. Discuss the evolution of the sterilization laws into the sterilization experiments. 2. Analyze why the “researchers” obtained written consent from the women in Block 3. Discuss the effects of the sterilization experiments on the population had the outcome of the war been different. Discussion Questions: 1. Why did the Prussian Directive of 1931, mentioned in Module 1, not prevent unethical experimentation? 2. If the physicians who conducted these medical experiments had been brought to trial, what would have been the likely charges and the likely sentences? Synopsis: Among the horrific experiments perpetrated upon concentration camp prisoners were the sterilization experiments. These experiments not only were based upon racial hygiene principles but also had the quasi-military goal of creating a cadre of slave laborers 2 who were to rebuild post-war Germany but who, because they were deemed “inferior,” would not be allowed to reproduce. -
Gender and Literature
english edition 2 2017 Gender and Literature issue editor ANNA NASIŁOWSKA SŁAWOMIR BURYŁA Manly Fascism AGNIESZKA DAUKSZA KwieKulik as an Unknown: A Neo-Avant-gardist Laboratory of Experience ARÁNZAZU CALDERÓN PUERTA The Theme of Rape in Ida Fink’s Aryan Papers and Tadeusz Słobodzianek’s Our Class KRYSTYNA KŁOSIŃSKA The Secret of the Dulskis’ Establishment WOJCIECH ŚMIEJA A Piece of Fedora Cake: The Male-Centric Imagination of Jerzy Andrzejewski and the Scholarly Reconnaissance MONIKA ŚWIERKOSZ Arachne and Athena: Towards a Different Poetics of Women’s Writing teksty drugie · Institute of Literary Research Polish Academy of Science index 337412 · pl issn 0867-0633 EDITORIAL BOARD Agata Bielik-Robson (uk), Włodzimierz Bolecki, Maria Delaperrière (France), Ewa Domańska, Grzegorz Grochowski, Zdzisław Łapiński, Michał Paweł Markowski (usa), Maciej Maryl, Jakub Momro, Anna Nasiłowska (Deputy Editor-in-Chief), Leonard Neuger (Sweden), Ryszard Nycz (Editor-in-Chief), Bożena Shallcross (usa), Marta Zielińska, Tul’si Bhambry (English Translator and Language Consultant), Justyna Tabaszewska, Marta Bukowiecka (Managing Editor) ADVISORY BOARD Edward Balcerzan, Stanisław Barańczak (usa) , Małgorzata Czermińska, Paweł Dybel, Knut Andreas Grimstad (Norway), Jerzy Jarzębski, Bożena Karwowska (Canada), Krzysztof Kłosiński, Dorota Krawczyńska, Vladimir Krysinski (Canada), Luigi Marinelli (Italy), Arent van Nieukerken (the Netherlands), Ewa Rewers, German Ritz (Switzerland), Henryk Siewierski (Brasil), Janusz Sławiński , Ewa Thompson (usa), Joanna Tokarska-Bakir,