Anglicizmat, Vendi Dhe Përdorimi I Tyre Në Shqipen E Shqiptarëve Të Maqedonisë (Së Veriut)

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Anglicizmat, Vendi Dhe Përdorimi I Tyre Në Shqipen E Shqiptarëve Të Maqedonisë (Së Veriut) UNIVERSITETI I ELBASANIT “ALEKSANDËR XHUVANI” FAKULTETI I SHKENCAVE HUMANE DEPARTAMENTI I GJUHËSISË DOKTORATË NË ALBANOLOGJI ANGLICIZMAT, VENDI DHE PËRDORIMI I TYRE NË SHQIPEN E SHQIPTARËVE TË MAQEDONISË (SË VERIUT) Punoi: Udhëheqës shkencor: Msc. Majlinda Ismaili Mahmudi Prof. dr. Vilma TAFANI 2021 Doktoratë Përgatitur nga: Majlinda Ismaili Mahmudi Për marrjen e gradës shkencore ―DOKTOR‖ Specialiteti: Leksikologji/Sociolinguistikë (Gjuhësi) ANGLICIZMAT, VENDI DHE PËRDORIMI I TYRE NË SHQIPEN E SHQIPTARËVE TË MAQEDONISË (SË VERIUT) Udhëheqës shkencor: Prof. Dr. Vilma Tafani Mbrohet më, dt.__.__. 2021 para jurisë: 1. ______________________________ . .(Kryetar) 2. ______________________________. .. (Anëtar) 3. ______________________________. .. (Anëtar) 4. ______________________________. (Anëtar) 5. ______________________________ . (Anëtar) i Falënderime Do të doja të shpreh falënderimet e mia të thella ndaj të gjithë atyre që më kanë ndihmuar të realizoj këtë disertacion. Falënderimet më të sinqerta shkojnë për udhëheqësen time shkencore, Prof. dr. Vilma Tafani, e cila ka qenë udhërrëfyesja dhe mbështetësja ime më e madhe për realizimin dhe përfundimin e këtij disertacioni. Falënderime dhe mirënjohje e veçantë ndaj të gjithë profesorëve dhe kolegëve të cilët me ndihmën dhe sugjerimet e tyre kanë bërë që ky punim të realizohet në mënyrën më të mirë të mundshme. Falënderoj mbi të gjitha bashkëshortin tim për mbështetjen që më ka ofruar, kurse fëmijëve të mi ju kërkoj ndjesë për ―mungesën time‖ gjatë kohës së realizimit të këtij studimi. Falënderoj edhe prindërit e mi dhe përkujtoj nënën time të ndjerë, duke i thënë se e arrita atë që ajo gjithmonë donte nga unë. Ky disertacion i kushtohet asaj. ii PASQYRA E LËNDËS Falënderime.................................................................................................................. ii Abstrakt ....................................................................................................................... vi Abstract ...................................................................................................................... vii Terminologjia bazë ................................................................................................... viii HYRJE .......................................................................................................................... 1 0.1 Qëllimet dhe synimet e studimit ...........................................................................1 0.2 Argumentet pse është ndërmarrë ky studim .........................................................3 0.3 Hipotezat e përgjithshme ......................................................................................5 0.4 Rëndësia e studimit ..............................................................................................5 0.5 Metodologjia e punës kërkimore dhe instrumentet përkatëse ..............................6 0.6 Struktura e studimit ............................................................................................10 KAPITULLI I ............................................................................................................. 12 ANGLICIZMAT, KËNDVËSHTRIM TEORIK DHE PRAKTIK NGA STUDJUES TË VENDIT DHE TË HUAJ ..................................................................................... 12 1.1 Huazimet gjuhësore dhe arsyet e shfaqjes së tyre në gjuhë të ndryshme ...........12 1.2 Këndvështrimi teorik mbi çështjen e anglicizmave ...........................................16 1.3 Gjuha shqipe dhe anglicizmat ............................................................................24 1.4 Anglicizmat në gjuhë të ndryshme të Evropës ...................................................28 1.5 Qasje leksikologjike mbi anglicizmat ................................................................31 1.5.1 Anglicizmat - dukuri me vlerë pasuruese apo të dëmshme për gjuhën shqipe? Qëndrimi i gjuhëtarëve shqiptarë ............................................................ 34 1.5.2 Mekanizma për mbrojtjen e gjuhës shqipe nga anglicizmat ........................ 37 1.5.3 Kritere për zëvendësimin e anglicizmave .................................................... 42 1.5.4 Ndikimi i institucioneve shtetërore për mbrojtjen e gjuhës shqipe ............. 46 KAPITULLI II ............................................................................................................ 49 ANGLICIZMAT DHE NDIKIMI I TYRE NË GJUHËN SHQIPE ........................... 49 2.1 Anglicizmat – faktorë të rëndësishëm në ndryshimin e gjuhës shqipe ..............49 2.2 Huazimet më të zakonshme, emrat, mbiemrat, foljet dhe ndajfoljet ..................50 2.3 Huazimet leksikore, semantike dhe strukturore .................................................52 2.3.1 Huazimet leksikore ...................................................................................... 52 2.3.2 Huazimet semantike .................................................................................... 52 2.3.3 Huazimet strukturore ................................................................................... 54 2.4 Anglicizmat si elemente prodhuese në gjuhën shqipe .......................................55 2.4.1 Pseudoanglicizmat ....................................................................................... 56 2.4.2 Fjalët hibride ................................................................................................ 58 2.4.3 Kalket........................................................................................................... 58 2.5 Përshtatshmëria e anglicizmave .........................................................................60 2.5.1 Përshtatja drejtshkrimore ............................................................................. 61 2.5.2 Përshtatja fonologjike .................................................................................. 62 2.5.3 Përshtatja morfologjike................................................................................ 67 2.5.4 Përshtatja kuptimore/semantike ................................................................... 69 iii 2.6 Anglicizmat dhe ndikimi i tyre në leksik ...........................................................75 2.6.1 Sinonimia dhe antonimia ............................................................................. 76 2.6.2 Polisemia ..................................................................................................... 78 2.6.3 Homonimia .................................................................................................. 81 2.7 Depërtimi i anglicizmave në diskurse të ndryshme të gjuhës shqipe .................86 2.8 Anglicizmat dhe të kuptuarit e tyre nga grupmosha të ndryshme ......................91 2.9 Anglicizmat, të përkohshëm apo të përhershëm? ...............................................93 2.10 Përdorimi dhe përhapja e anglicizmave në gjuhën shqipe dhe maqedonase ....96 KAPITULLI III ......................................................................................................... 103 GRUMBULLIMI I TË DHËNAVE DHE REZULTATET E HULUMTIMIT PËRMES INTERVISTAVE, PYETËSORËVE DHE VËZHGIMEVE ................... 103 3.1 Ndikimi i gjuhës angleze në gjuhën shqipe krahasuar me gjuhët e tjera .........103 3.2 Shkalla e përdorimit të anglicizmave ...............................................................108 3.3 Shpeshtësia e përdorimit të anglicizmave ........................................................111 3.4 Anglicizmat më të përdorura në mjetet e informimit masiv të shkruara dhe të folura ......................................................................................................................128 3.5 Anglicizmat dhe ndryshimi i stilit të gjuhës .....................................................132 3.6 Shkalla e përdorimit të anglicizmave në diskurse të ndryshme .......................133 3.7 Përdorimi i anglicizmave në diskursin politik ..................................................134 3.8 Mundësia e gjuhës shqipe për zëvendësimin dhe shmangien e anglicizmave .136 KAPITULLI IV ........................................................................................................ 148 ANALIZË KRAHASUESE ...................................................................................... 148 4.1 Leksiku i gjuhës shqipe me anglicizma dhe pa to ............................................148 4.2 Qasja e të moshuarve me nivel të ndryshëm arsimor ndaj anglicizmave .........151 4.3 Të kuptuarit e anglicizmave nga të moshuarit shqiptarë dhe qëndrimi i të rinjëve ................................................................................................................................154 4.4 Qasja e të rinjve ndaj anglicizmave ..................................................................161 4.5 Problemet gjuhësore gjatë përdorimit të anglicizmave ....................................164 4.6 Ndikimi i anglicizmave mbi lexuesit dhe dëgjuesit .........................................167 4.7 Krahasimi i anglicizmave në shqipen e Maqedonisë së Veriut me shqipen e Shqipërisë ...............................................................................................................168 4.8 Krahasimi i anglicizmave në shqipe e në maqedonishte në diskursin politik e në edicione informative ...............................................................................................171 PËRFUNDIME, SUGJERIME DHE KUFIZIME TË STUDIMIT .......................... 179 5.1 Përfundime .......................................................................................................179
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