Report on Descriptive Analysis of Finland Part of EVAPREM Project RAKE, University of Tartu
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Report on Descriptive Analysis of Finland Part of EVAPREM Project RAKE, University of Tartu 2 This study is commissioned as part of the EVAPREM project. The main goal of this project is to develop a universal and comprehensive model for evaluating the results of prevention measures implemented by the fire rescue boards of European countries. This country-specific study of Finland has been done at Centre for Applied Social Sciences (RAKE) of University of Tartu, Estonia. The study has been conducted by Mentor: Resuf Ahmed, Research Assistant Intern Tarmo Puolokainen Methodologist, Centre for Applied Social Sciences (RAKE) University of Tartu The author would also like to thank Uku Varblane and Andres Vork for their valuable inputs and support during the course of study. The Centre for Applied Social Sciences (RAKE) was established in the University of Tartu in 2007. The fundamental goal of RAKE is to offer society high-quality applied research and analyses in social sciences. Contact Details : Lossi 36, 51003, Tartu email http://rake.ut.ee 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 4 1. Technical Information regarding the Quantitative Survey .............................................................. 5 2. Background of the respondents ...................................................................................................... 8 3. Main Results of the Quantitative Survey....................................................................................... 13 Appendix ................................................................................................................................................ 24 4 INTRODUCTION This report is a detailed descriptive analysis of Finland which is one of the five countries studied under the EVAPREM project. The aim of the project is to deepen our understanding of the effectiveness and efficiency of the prevention services considering the corresponding socio-economic environment. The project will provide robust evidence and analysis to support policy-makers in understanding the impact of prevention and supports policy-makers at different administrative levels in elaborating and reshaping the selection of prevention services with providing cost-effective evaluation tools. The main beneficiaries of the project would be the organizations responsible for planning and implementing the prevention measures in their respective countries on the national and local level as well as safety actors in European level. The direct beneficiaries will be populations of the participating countries and indirectly countries who will be adapting and using the evaluation tool afterward. The survey is conducted in the 25 out of 27 municipalities of Southwest Finland (also known as Finland Proper) of Finland. University of Turku together with Southwest Finland Emergency Services are the Finnish partners of the EVAPREM project. Southwest Finland (Varsinais-Suomi) Emergency Services (SWFES) is one of the 22 fire departments, which carry out rescue service duties in their region. The fire departments have their own programs for children, elderly, and other defined groups. Rescue services in Finland are organized by fire departments. These rescue authorities are responsible for putting effective measures in place to prevent accidents from happening and reducing the number of casualties substantially. The rescue services maintain a framework that allows individuals, communities, and authorities to prevent accidents and mitigate the consequences of those that do happen, no matter where they occur. The Ministry’s Department for Rescue Services directs, steers and supervises rescue services and maintains oversight of their coverage and quality. Regional state administrative agencies oversee rescue services and their coverage and quality within their own areas. Municipalities are jointly responsible for rescue services in rescue service regions. Rescue Service in Finland performs three types of fire prevention activities: informing, teaching, and counseling. The sample size of the study is 400, which is efficiently collected from the 25 municipalities to reflect a wholesome characteristic of the Southwest region of Finland. Throughout the study, a weighing factor is maintained to produce a representative result. The project is financed by the European Union and serves also as a Flagship project of the European Union Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region (EUSBSR). 5 1. TECHNICAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE QUANTITATIVE SURVEY The sample size of Finnish study is 400. All 400 respondents were asked the same set of questions (see Questionnaire attached). The survey was conducted in twenty-five municipalities in Southwest Finland. The southwest region of Finland covered in the survey is marked with red color in the map of Finland (See Figure 1). Figure 1. Finland covered in the survey (in red) Figure 2 shows the distribution of 400 respondents among different municipalities of Southwest Finland. Turku has the highest number with 157 respondents (39%) followed by Salo with 10% of the respondents. While the other 23 municipalities constitute half (51%) of the samples. The respondent size from 25 municipalities is in exact proportion to the population size of each municipality (see Table 1 in Appendix). Figure 2. Municipality 6 The survey also focused on the type of settlement in which the respondent resides. Type of settlement is divided into four different groups. The groups are city areas, suburbs, remote and rural areas. Around half of the respondents have responded that they live in suburbs (44%), the other half is approximately divided among cities (27%), rural area (26%), and remote areas with 2% (see Figure 3). Figure 3. Type of Settlement Figure 4 represents the information regarding the age group and the main language of communication of the 400 respondents. Figure 4. Age group and main language of communication The respondents are evenly distributed among different age groups. The age groups are 15-29, 30-44, 45-59, and 60-74 years old. By comparing the respondent size with the population pyramid of Finland, it can be seen that the youth aged between (15-29) makes up the 23.5% of sampled Finland population1 1 The percentage is calculated by keeping the total population as only those age categories which are covered in the study. For example, the actual share of youth aged 15-29 in Finland population is 17.29%. But after excluding 7 and they are represented by 24% of the respondents in the study. The share of people aged 30-44 is 25% in the Finland population and they are represented by the same proportion in the study. The population aged 45-59 and 60-74 has a share of approximately 26% each and they are represented proportionally in the study (see Appendix for Finland Age Pyramid 2017 and Table 2). 97% of the respondents identified Finnish as their main language of communication while 3% said their main language of communication is Swedish. Respondents are equally divided on the basis of gender, there are 200 females (50% of the respondents) and 200 males (50% of the respondents). the age group which are not covered in the study (25% of the population), the proportion of youth aged 15-29 becomes 24%. 8 2. BACKGROUND OF THE RESPONDENTS Figure 5 shows the type of home in which the respondent resides. There are three categories: the first one is the Single-family house which is the most common one as 43% of the respondents reside in this type of home. The proportion of single-family house in Finland is 40% (1.05 million dwellings out of 2.68 total dwellings)2. The second type of home is “Semi-detached house, terraced house, apartment block with less than 8 apartments” which is the residence of 15% of respondents while in Finland 14% of the population resides in such dwelling. The last one is an “Apartment block with more than 8 apartments”, 41% of respondents live in this type of housing which is almost in proportion to the actual population who lives in such apartments (45%) (see Figure 5). Figure 5. Type of home Figure 6 shows the education level of the respondents. Out of 400 respondents, 9% has Elementary education, 5% has a Basic education, 50% has the High School or Vocational Education while 36% have attained education level of Higher education (see Figure 6). 2 Source: Statistics Finland, Dwellings and housing conditions 2018. 9 Figure 6. Education level Figure 7 and 8 give a structural composition of the family of the respondents. Figure 7 represents the labor market status of the respondent’s family. In 46% of the respondents, all the family members have working members (no retirees or children). 26% of the respondents said all members are either working or children and no retirees. 21% of the respondents said all are retired. 7% of the respondents have working members and retirees and may also have children. 54% of the respondents said that they have either children or retirees or both in their household. The focus of our study is children and elderly people (retirees) who are the most vulnerable to a fire accident. The policymakers should formulate the policy keeping in mind the relative vulnerabilities of different risk groups, e.g. children and elderly people (see Figure 7). Figure 7. Labor market status 10