DOCSLIB.ORG

Dissertation Ecology and Plant

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Dissertation Ecology and Plant DISSERTATION ECOLOGY AND PLANT DEFENSE OF TWO INVASIVE PLANTS, HYOSCYAMUS NIGER AND VERBASCUM THAPSUS Submitted by Christa E. Fettig Graduate Degree Program in Ecology In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Spring 2016 Doctoral Committee: Advisor: Ruth A. Hufbauer John K. McKay Andrew P. Norton Julie A. Savidge Copyright by Christa Elizabeth Fettig 2016 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT ECOLOGY AND PLANT DEFENSE OF TWO INVASIVE PLANTS, HYOSCYAMUS NIGER AND VERBASCUM THAPSUS Understanding the factors that drive non-native plant populations to succeed in a new range and the ecological and biological differences that set introduced populations apart from their native counterparts can provide insight into ecological and evolutionary processes, as well as information crucial to management. In this dissertation, I present research on two different plant species that have been introduced to North America, both of which can now be found across the United States and throughout Canada. Chapters 1 and 2 focus on Hyoscyamus niger (black henbane, Solanaceae), a poisonous and state-listed noxious weed. In chapter one I experimentally evaluate whether introduced populations in the western United States are annual or biennial. Both of these life cycles are found in the native range, and have a clear genetic basis. I experimentally manipulated vernalization (a cold treatment for 19 weeks), and find that plants in the introduced range are biennial. Vernalization is critical for bolting and flowering to occur within a growing season. Interestingly, given enough time in a greenhouse setting, 26 percent of plants that were not vernalized were able to flower. This is unlikely to happen in nature, however, as warmer regions without a cold period to naturally vernalize plants are typically lacking sufficient resources (e.g. adequate water or space) for this species. Chapter two aims to understand basic biological and ecological characteristics of black henbane in the introduced range, which lays the groundwork for additional ecological and evolutionary research on this species and will also help direct ii appropriate management practices. In a greenhouse experiment, I test the effects of selfing and outcrossing. In field populations, I measure reproductive output, the size of seed banks of introduced populations, the viability of seed collected over four years, patterns of mortality, and fluctuation in the size of 15 populations. Black henbane is self-compatible, and capable of producing copious seed, and generating large seed banks in naturalized populations. Seeds remain viable for multiple years which may contribute to the dynamic fluctuations of field population sizes that were observed over four years. Populations are generally ephemeral, with high mortality at the rosette stage. Chapter 3 is focused on resistance and tolerance to herbivory, and how they might vary between ranges as well as within individual plants as predicted by optimal defense theory. Optimal defense predicts that defenses are allocated to different tissues based on their value to the plant. I use Verbascum thapsus (common mullein, Scrophulariaceae) to evaluate resistance to both a specialist and a generalist herbivore among plants from the native and introduced range and among leaves of different ages. I also measure tolerance to defoliation by simulating three levels of herbivory and evaluating the regrowth of above and below ground biomass. Both native and introduced mullein plants are highly defended against specialist and generalist herbivores, with high levels of both resistance and tolerance. In accordance with optimal defense theory, young leaves are more highly defended than older leaves. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I’d like to first thank my graduate committee members, Ruth Hufbauer, Andrew Norton, John McKay, and Julie Savidge for their time and mentorship. They offered direction with my research and dissertation, neither of which would have been possible without their assistance and commitment. Ruth Hufbauer, my major advisor, guided me through the creative process that is science. Her door has always been open and our discussions have shaped me as a student and a scientist. I am positive that I have become a better teacher because I was given the opportunity to learn from Ruth as her teaching assistant. Ruth’s encouragement and support for my research and teaching have been indispensable on this journey through graduate school. There are many wonderful people who have contributed to the projects and experiments throughout this dissertation. The cooperation of Colorado, Montana, and Wyoming state and county weed supervisors as well as land owners made studying black henbane possible. Chrissy Alba, Jason Fettig, and Emily Freeland provided great company and help in the field. My parents, Paula and Gordon Hardy, helped with field data collection and made summer data collection trips memorable adventures that I will cherish for a life-time. Janet Hardin, Jennifer Matsuura, and a group of undergraduate students assisted me in the greenhouse, and many friends, family, and colleagues from across the country collected seeds from common mullein. I also thank Andrew Norton, Jim zumBrunnen, and Stacey Endriss for statistics consultations and advice on data analyses. Our extended lab group, including past and present members of the Blumenthal, Hufbauer, Norton, and Ode labs, provided thoughtful discussions and feedback on papers and presentations. The Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station, the USDA, the iv Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, the Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, and the William M. Brown Professional Development Award provided funding for this research. I’ve shared time in Ruth’s lab with some really wonderful scientists and friends. I have created treasured memories with Chrissy Alba, Stacey Endriss, Mike Koontz, Sabrina Kumschick, Peter Leipzig-Scott, Steve Rauth, Marianna Szucs, and Hannah Wilbur. Chrissy, Stacey, and Hannah, in particular, have been sources of emotional support and joy. I am also lucky to have shared time at Colorado State with Myron Bruce and Wyatt Williams. I thank all of these individuals for their laughter and friendship. My husband, Jason, has been field help and greenhouse help, my excel specialist, and therapist. He has been my greatest support and cheerleader on this journey. I have learned so much about ecology and myself through this process, and I can’t imagine being where I am without him next to me. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS............................................................................................................. iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCED NORTH AMERICAN BLACK HENBANE (HYOSCYAMUS NIGER) POPULATIONS ARE BIENNIAL.................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW........................................................................................................ 1 MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS......................................................................................... 2 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................... 3 Study system......................................................................................................................... 4 METHODS................................................................................................................................ 5 Statistical analyses................................................................................................................ 7 RESULTS.................................................................................................................................. 8 DISCUSSION.......................................................................................................................... 10 TABLES AND FIGURES....................................................................................................... 14 LITERATURE CITED........................................................................................................... 19 CHAPTER 2: REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY, PERFORMANCE, AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE INTRODUCED WEED BLACK HENBANE (HYOSCYAMUS NIGER L.).................................................................................................................................... 23 CHAPTER 2 OVERVIEW...................................................................................................... 23 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................... 24 Study system....................................................................................................................... 26 METHODS.............................................................................................................................. 28 Reproduction...................................................................................................................... 28 Field performance............................................................................................................... 29 Seed ecology......................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Appendix Color Plates of Solanales Species
    Appendix Color Plates of Solanales Species The first half of the color plates (Plates 1–8) shows a selection of phytochemically prominent solanaceous species, the second half (Plates 9–16) a selection of convol- vulaceous counterparts. The scientific name of the species in bold (for authorities see text and tables) may be followed (in brackets) by a frequently used though invalid synonym and/or a common name if existent. The next information refers to the habitus, origin/natural distribution, and – if applicable – cultivation. If more than one photograph is shown for a certain species there will be explanations for each of them. Finally, section numbers of the phytochemical Chapters 3–8 are given, where the respective species are discussed. The individually combined occurrence of sec- ondary metabolites from different structural classes characterizes every species. However, it has to be remembered that a small number of citations does not neces- sarily indicate a poorer secondary metabolism in a respective species compared with others; this may just be due to less studies being carried out. Solanaceae Plate 1a Anthocercis littorea (yellow tailflower): erect or rarely sprawling shrub (to 3 m); W- and SW-Australia; Sects. 3.1 / 3.4 Plate 1b, c Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade): erect herbaceous perennial plant (to 1.5 m); Europe to central Asia (naturalized: N-USA; cultivated as a medicinal plant); b fruiting twig; c flowers, unripe (green) and ripe (black) berries; Sects. 3.1 / 3.3.2 / 3.4 / 3.5 / 6.5.2 / 7.5.1 / 7.7.2 / 7.7.4.3 Plate 1d Brugmansia versicolor (angel’s trumpet): shrub or small tree (to 5 m); tropical parts of Ecuador west of the Andes (cultivated as an ornamental in tropical and subtropical regions); Sect.
    [Show full text]
  • Nightshade”—A Hierarchical Classification Approach to T Identification of Hallucinogenic Solanaceae Spp
    Talanta 204 (2019) 739–746 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Talanta journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/talanta Call it a “nightshade”—A hierarchical classification approach to T identification of hallucinogenic Solanaceae spp. using DART-HRMS-derived chemical signatures ∗ Samira Beyramysoltan, Nana-Hawwa Abdul-Rahman, Rabi A. Musah Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY, 12222, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Plants that produce atropine and scopolamine fall under several genera within the nightshade family. Both Hierarchical classification atropine and scopolamine are used clinically, but they are also important in a forensics context because they are Psychoactive plants abused recreationally for their psychoactive properties. The accurate species attribution of these plants, which Seed species identifiction are related taxonomically, and which all contain the same characteristic biomarkers, is a challenging problem in Metabolome profiling both forensics and horticulture, as the plants are not only mind-altering, but are also important in landscaping as Direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry ornamentals. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry in combination with a hierarchical classification workflow Chemometrics is shown to enable species identification of these plants. The hierarchical classification simplifies the classifi- cation problem to primarily consider the subset of models that account for the hierarchy taxonomy, instead of having it be based on discrimination between species using a single flat classification model. Accordingly, the seeds of 24 nightshade plant species spanning 5 genera (i.e. Atropa, Brugmansia, Datura, Hyocyamus and Mandragora), were analyzed by direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry (DART-HRMS) with minimal sample preparation required.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora Mediterranea 26
    FLORA MEDITERRANEA 26 Published under the auspices of OPTIMA by the Herbarium Mediterraneum Panormitanum Palermo – 2016 FLORA MEDITERRANEA Edited on behalf of the International Foundation pro Herbario Mediterraneo by Francesco M. Raimondo, Werner Greuter & Gianniantonio Domina Editorial board G. Domina (Palermo), F. Garbari (Pisa), W. Greuter (Berlin), S. L. Jury (Reading), G. Kamari (Patras), P. Mazzola (Palermo), S. Pignatti (Roma), F. M. Raimondo (Palermo), C. Salmeri (Palermo), B. Valdés (Sevilla), G. Venturella (Palermo). Advisory Committee P. V. Arrigoni (Firenze) P. Küpfer (Neuchatel) H. M. Burdet (Genève) J. Mathez (Montpellier) A. Carapezza (Palermo) G. Moggi (Firenze) C. D. K. Cook (Zurich) E. Nardi (Firenze) R. Courtecuisse (Lille) P. L. Nimis (Trieste) V. Demoulin (Liège) D. Phitos (Patras) F. Ehrendorfer (Wien) L. Poldini (Trieste) M. Erben (Munchen) R. M. Ros Espín (Murcia) G. Giaccone (Catania) A. Strid (Copenhagen) V. H. Heywood (Reading) B. Zimmer (Berlin) Editorial Office Editorial assistance: A. M. Mannino Editorial secretariat: V. Spadaro & P. Campisi Layout & Tecnical editing: E. Di Gristina & F. La Sorte Design: V. Magro & L. C. Raimondo Redazione di "Flora Mediterranea" Herbarium Mediterraneum Panormitanum, Università di Palermo Via Lincoln, 2 I-90133 Palermo, Italy [email protected] Printed by Luxograph s.r.l., Piazza Bartolomeo da Messina, 2/E - Palermo Registration at Tribunale di Palermo, no. 27 of 12 July 1991 ISSN: 1120-4052 printed, 2240-4538 online DOI: 10.7320/FlMedit26.001 Copyright © by International Foundation pro Herbario Mediterraneo, Palermo Contents V. Hugonnot & L. Chavoutier: A modern record of one of the rarest European mosses, Ptychomitrium incurvum (Ptychomitriaceae), in Eastern Pyrenees, France . 5 P. Chène, M.
    [Show full text]
  • A Molecular Phylogeny of the Solanaceae
    TAXON 57 (4) • November 2008: 1159–1181 Olmstead & al. • Molecular phylogeny of Solanaceae MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS A molecular phylogeny of the Solanaceae Richard G. Olmstead1*, Lynn Bohs2, Hala Abdel Migid1,3, Eugenio Santiago-Valentin1,4, Vicente F. Garcia1,5 & Sarah M. Collier1,6 1 Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, U.S.A. *olmstead@ u.washington.edu (author for correspondence) 2 Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, U.S.A. 3 Present address: Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 4 Present address: Jardin Botanico de Puerto Rico, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Apartado Postal 364984, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico 5 Present address: Department of Integrative Biology, 3060 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A. 6 Present address: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, U.S.A. A phylogeny of Solanaceae is presented based on the chloroplast DNA regions ndhF and trnLF. With 89 genera and 190 species included, this represents a nearly comprehensive genus-level sampling and provides a framework phylogeny for the entire family that helps integrate many previously-published phylogenetic studies within So- lanaceae. The four genera comprising the family Goetzeaceae and the monotypic families Duckeodendraceae, Nolanaceae, and Sclerophylaceae, often recognized in traditional classifications, are shown to be included in Solanaceae. The current results corroborate previous studies that identify a monophyletic subfamily Solanoideae and the more inclusive “x = 12” clade, which includes Nicotiana and the Australian tribe Anthocercideae. These results also provide greater resolution among lineages within Solanoideae, confirming Jaltomata as sister to Solanum and identifying a clade comprised primarily of tribes Capsiceae (Capsicum and Lycianthes) and Physaleae.
    [Show full text]
  • Metabolic Engineering of Medicinal Plants
    Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 89, pp. 11799-11803, December 1992 Applied Biological Sciences Metabolic engineering of medicinal plants: Transgenic Atropa belladonna with an improved alkaloid composition (scoolamlne/hyoscyamine 61-hydroxylase) DAE-JIN YUN, TAKASHI HASHIMOTO*, AND YASUYUKI YAMADA Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-01, Japan Communicated by Marc Van Montagu, September 15, 1992 ABSTRACT The tropane alkaloid scopolamine is a medic- inally important anticholinergic drug present in several solan- |N-CH3),' hyoscyamine aceous plants. Hyoscyamine 6l-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.11) catalyzes the oxidative reactions in the biosynthetic pathway leading from hyoscyamine to scopolamine. We introduced the hyoscyamine 6 P-hydroxylase hydroxylase gene from Hyoscyamus niger under the control of (H6H) the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter into hyoscyamine- rich Atropa belladonna by the use of an Agrobacterum- 1~ mediated transformation system. A transgenic plant that con- Ho N-CHa;0, 60-hydroxyhyoscyamine stitutively and strongly expressed the transgene was selected, OR first by screening for kanamycin resistance and then by im- munoscreening leaf samples with an antibody specific for the H6H hydroxylase. In the primary transformant and its selfed prog- eny that inherited the transgene, the alkloid contents of the leaf and stem were almost exclusively scopolamine. Such metabolically engineered plants should prove useful as breed- 0Q jN-CH3)> scopolamine ing materials for obtaining improved medicinal components. OR The use of recombinant DNA technology for the manipula- H tion of metabolic processes in cells promises to provide R= -COWC-uPh important contributions to basic science, agriculture, and medicine (1). Secondary metabolism is a particularly attrac- CH20H tive target for the improvement of yields of desirable prod- ucts, without markedly affecting basic cellular functions.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Alkaloid Content and Antibacterial Activity of Hyoscyamus Albus and Hyoscyamus Muticus Collected in Two Different Climatic Regions in Algeria
    J Biochem Tech (2019) 10(1): 1-6 ISSN: 0974-2328 Assessment of Alkaloid Content and Antibacterial Activity of Hyoscyamus Albus and Hyoscyamus Muticus Collected in Two Different Climatic Regions in Algeria Zoubir Kebaili*, Samir Hameurlaine, Ouroud Fellah, Mohamed Djermane, Noureddine Gherraf, Amar Zellagui, Abdenabi Abidi, Kamel Derouiche Received: 11 October 2018 / Received in revised form: 09 January 2019, Accepted: 12 January 2019, Published online: 15 March 2019 © Biochemical Technology Society 2014-2019 © Sevas Educational Society 2008 Abstract Medicinal plants are considered as a very important source of Introduction secondary metabolites and therefore bioactive molecules. Our comparative study deals with two species: Hyoscyamus albus and Ecological factors such as soil composition, temperature, Hyoscyamus muticus harvested in two different climate regions elevation, humidity, bright quality, rainfall, evaporation, namely: Arris (semi-arid, wilaya of Batna) and Djanet (arid, minerals, and CO2 have a straightforward effect on the increase of wilaya of Illizi), respectively. The phytochemical screening a plant and accretion of secondary metabolites and, hence, affect revealed that aerial parts of the two species contain almost all unswervingly the quality of the species for healing application, classes of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, quinones, and remedial assessment. Plants have the capacity to overcome anthraquinones, saponins, tannins, coumarins and alkaloids. The biological, physical, chemical, and ecological restrictions by quantitative assessment of alkaloids in hydroalcoholic extracts of regulating the improvement of secondary metabolites. As a result, the two plants showed that the total alkaloid content varies investigations on the control of ecological factors on the build-up depending upon the species and climate conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Therapeutic Use of Some Romanian Medicinal Plants
    Chapter Therapeutic Use of Some Romanian Medicinal Plants Adina-Elena Segneanu, Claudiu Cepan, Ioan Grozescu, Florentina Cziple, Sorin Olariu, Sonia Ratiu, Viorica Lazar, Sorin Marius Murariu, Silvia Maria Velciov and Teodora Daniela Marti Abstract Romanian traditional medicine has an extremely old history. The Dacian knowl- edge of the curative properties of medicinal plants was documented by Herodotus, Hippocrates, Galen, and Dioscorides. It must be emphasized that modern chemical screening has confirmed the therapeutic properties of the medicinal plants used by the Dacians. More interesting is that Dacians used many of these herbs for differ- ent dishes. Practically, for Dacians, food was medicine. Recent research on some Romanian medicinal plants has highlighted their pharmacognostical importance. It is known that currently, the importance and dynamics of the research on medicinal plants in the area of drug discovery continues to increase worldwide. The main reason is not only the high efficiency of secondary metabolites in case of serious diseases (cancer, viral infections, malaria, etc.) but also the minimization of the side effects of the synthetic drugs. Keywords: Dacians, phytotherapy, secondary metabolites 1. Introduction Phytotherapy has always played an essential role in the development of humanity. Traditional medicine still continues to have major importance in many areas of the world, especially in low-income regions [1–7]. Although in developed countries, alternative medicine has been outdated by modern medical techniques, at present, there is a growing trend toward natural remedies. The importance of medicinal plants emerges from the fact that world- wide, almost 50% of existing synthetic medicaments are derived from natural extracts [2–7].
    [Show full text]
  • Weed Categories for Natural and Agricultural Ecosystem Management
    Weed Categories for Natural and Agricultural Ecosystem Management R.H. Groves (Convenor), J.R. Hosking, G.N. Batianoff, D.A. Cooke, I.D. Cowie, R.W. Johnson, G.J. Keighery, B.J. Lepschi, A.A. Mitchell, M. Moerkerk, R.P. Randall, A.C. Rozefelds, N.G. Walsh and B.M. Waterhouse DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES AND FORESTRY Weed categories for natural and agricultural ecosystem management R.H. Groves1 (Convenor), J.R. Hosking2, G.N. Batianoff3, D.A. Cooke4, I.D. Cowie5, R.W. Johnson3, G.J. Keighery6, B.J. Lepschi7, A.A. Mitchell8, M. Moerkerk9, R.P. Randall10, A.C. Rozefelds11, N.G. Walsh12 and B.M. Waterhouse13 1 CSIRO Plant Industry & CRC for Australian Weed Management, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601 2 NSW Agriculture & CRC for Australian Weed Management, RMB 944, Tamworth, NSW 2340 3 Queensland Herbarium, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Qld 4066 4 Animal & Plant Control Commission, Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation, GPO Box 2834, Adelaide, SA 5001 5 NT Herbarium, Department of Primary Industries & Fisheries, GPO Box 990, Darwin, NT 0801 6 Department of Conservation & Land Management, PO Box 51, Wanneroo, WA 6065 7 Australian National Herbarium, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601 8 Northern Australia Quarantine Strategy, AQIS & CRC for Australian Weed Management, c/- NT Department of Primary Industries & Fisheries, GPO Box 3000, Darwin, NT 0801 9 Victorian Institute for Dryland Agriculture, NRE & CRC for Australian Weed Management, Private Bag 260, Horsham, Vic. 3401 10 Department of Agriculture Western Australia & CRC for Australian Weed Management, Locked Bag No. 4, Bentley, WA 6983 11 Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, GPO Box 1164, Hobart, Tas.
    [Show full text]
  • Atropa Belladonna, Deadly Nightshade
    J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2007; 37:77–84 PAPER © 2007 Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh Solanaceae IV: Atropa belladonna, Deadly Nightshade MR Lee Emeritus Professor of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland ABSTRACT The Deadly Nightshade, Atropa belladonna, is a plant surrounded by Published online March 2007 myth, fear and awe. In antiquity, the Greeks and the Romans knew that it contained a deadly poison. In medieval times, it was widely used by witches, Correspondence to MR Lee, 112 sorcerors and professional poisoners. Linnaeus later codified its remarkable Polwarth Terrace, Edinburgh, properties as the genus Atropa, the Fate that slits the thin spun life and the species EH11 1NN belladonna because of its power to dilate the pupils. In the 1830s, the pure tel. +44 (0)131 337 7386 alkaloid l-atropine was isolated from the plant. This proved to be a significant tool in the study of the autonomic nervous system leading to the identification of acetylcholine as an important neurotransmitter in mammals. When pure atropine became available, it caused a large number of deaths, whether by accident, suicide or homicide. KEYWORDS Acetylcholine,Atropa, belladonna, murder, poisoning, quinine DECLARATION OF INTERESTS No conflict of interests declared. In this, the final article of a short series on the Solanaceae, I describe the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna), a plant hallowed by long tradition as one of the classic poisons of antiquity. Extracted from the plant is the alkaloid atropine (dl-hyoscyamine) which was to prove a cornerstone in the study of autonomic pharmacology. The use of atropine as a homicidal poison seemed to have gradually faded away but then in the 1990s, Dr Agutter in Edinburgh attempted, in a spectacular fashion, to poison his wife with the pure alkaloid.
    [Show full text]
  • Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antifeedant Activity of Phenolic Compounds Accumulated in Hyoscyamus Muticus L
    Vol. 17(10), pp. 311-321, 7 March, 2018 DOI: 10.5897/AJB2017.16316 Article Number: 8109CB056205 ISSN 1684-5315 African Journal of Biotechnology Copyright © 2018 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB Full Length Research Paper Antioxidant, antimicrobial and antifeedant activity of phenolic compounds accumulated in Hyoscyamus muticus L. Eman Ramadan Elsharkawy1,2, Abdelaziz Ed-dra3, Emad Mohamed Abdallah4* and Ahmed M. H. Ali4,5 1Department of Eco- physiology, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt. 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Northern Borders University, Saudi Arabia. 3Team of Microbiology and Health, Laboratory of Chemistry-Biology Applied to the Environment, Department of Biology, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco. 4Department of Laboratory Sciences, College of Sciences and Arts, Qassim University, Al-Rass, Saudi Arabia. 5Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. Received 11 November, 2017; Accepted 6 February, 2018 Hyoscyamus muticus is an endangered desert plant spread in the Arabian Peninsula and the Middle East deserts. The methanol extract of the aerial parts of H. muticus grown in the arid zones in the Northern regions of Saudi Arabia were subjected to primary phytochemical analysis which revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins and sterols, the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the methanolic extract exhibited different types of phenolic compounds, including ferulic acid, 4-hydroxy-cinamic acid-ester, methyl salicylate and methyl ferulate. The accumulation of phenolic compounds supports the antioxidative properties of the plant against oxidative stress. The antioxidant testing showed that the methanolic extract of H.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora of Australia, Volume 29, Solanaceae
    FLORA OF AUSTRALIA Volume 29 Solanaceae This volume was published before the Commonwealth Government moved to Creative Commons Licensing. © Commonwealth of Australia 1982. This work is copyright. You may download, display, print and reproduce this material in unaltered form only (retaining this notice) for your personal, non-commercial use or use within your organisation. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced or distributed by any process or stored in any retrieval system or data base without prior written permission from the copyright holder. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to: [email protected] FLORA OF AUSTRALIA In this volume all 206 species of the family Solanaceae known to be indigenous or naturalised in Australia are described. The family includes important toxic plants, weeds and drug plants. The family Solanaceae in Australia contains 140 indigenous species such as boxthorn, wild tobacco, wild tomato, Pituri and tailflower. The 66 naturalised members include nightshade, tomato, thornapple, petunia, henbane, capsicum and Cape Gooseberry. There are keys for the identification of all genera and species. References are given for accepted names and synonyms. Maps are provided showing the distribution of nearly all species. Many are illustrated by line drawings or colour plates. Notes on habitat, variation and relationships are included. The volume is based on the most recent taxonomic research on the Solanaceae in Australia. Cover: Solanum semiarmatum F . Muell. Painting by Margaret Stones. Reproduced by courtesy of David Symon. Contents of volumes in the Flora of Australia, the faiimilies arranged according to the system of A.J.
    [Show full text]
  • Poisonous and Invasive Plants REPORT
    Poisonous and Invasive Plants in Australia: Enabling consumers to buy safe plants An Issues Paper by Nicola Thomson WWF-Australia, July 2007 WWF is one of the world's largest and most experienced independent conservation organizations, with almost 5 million supporters and a global network active in more than 90 countries. WWF-Australia's mission is to conserve biodiversity in Australia and the Oceania Region. With the help of more than 80,000 supporters across Australia, we are currently working on 180 projects across the region, employing more than 80 people, and raising and investing around $10 million annually in conservation activities. © WWF-Australia 2007. All Rights Reserved. ISBN: 1 921031 19 0 Author: Nicola Thomson, Invasive Species Policy Officer, WWF-Australia Cover image: © Andrew Cochran WWF-Australia Head Office Level 13, 235 Jones St Ultimo NSW 2007 Tel: +612 9281 5515 Fax: +612 9281 1060 wwf.org.au Published in August 2007 by WWF-Australia. Any reproduction in full or part of this publication must mention the title and credit the above mentioned publisher as the copyright owner. For bibliographic purposes this paper should be cited as: Thomson, N. 2007. Poisonous Plants in Australia: Enabling consumers to buy safe plants, WWF-Australia Issues Paper. WWF-Australia, Sydney. For copies of this paper, please download from wwf.org.au World Wide Fund for Nature ABN: 57 001 594 074 Acknowledgments Dr John Mooney for analysis presented in report and Appendix 1. Rachel Thomas for analysis presented in Appendix 2. Rosemary Ward, Gardening Which UK, for information about the establishment and success of the UK Code of Conduct.
    [Show full text]