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Estudio Para El Fomento De La Aviación Intrarregional

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Estudio Para El Fomento De La Aviación Intrarregional ESTUDIO PARA EL FOMENTO DE LA AVIACIÓN INTRARREGIONAL Informe Final Definitivo Diciembre del 2016 Licitación N° 725‐1‐LE16 Documento preparado para: Jefe de Estudio: Marcelo Villena, Ph.D. marcelo.villena@scl‐econometrics.cl // [email protected] 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................................................ 1 2. ESTUDIO DE CASOS ................................................................................................... 4 2.1. Asociados Latinoamericanos de Transporte Aéreo (ALTA)............................................. 4 2.2. LC Perú (ex LC Busre) (Perú) ........................................................................................ 15 2.3. GOL y Azul (Brasil) ...................................................................................................... 27 2.4. Transportes Aéreos Militares Ecuatorianos‐TAME (Ecuador) ...................................... 41 2.5. Viva Colombia (Colombia) .......................................................................................... 52 2.6. Principales Conclusiones del Estudio de Casos ............................................................ 58 3. DETERMINANTES DE LA DEMANDA EN LA MACROZONA NORTE ............................ 64 3.1. Caracterización socioeconómica de la macrozona norte ............................................. 64 3.2. Comportamiento de la demanda ................................................................................ 82 3.3. Estacionalidad en el tráfico ......................................................................................... 85 3.4. Relación entre la demanda y variables económicas .................................................... 85 3.5. Principales Conclusiones ............................................................................................. 88 4. DETERMINANTES DE LA DEMANDA EN LA MACROZONA SUR ................................. 90 4.1. Caracterización socioeconómica de la macrozona sur ................................................. 90 4.2. Comportamiento de la demanda .............................................................................. 117 4.3. Estacionalidad en el tráfico ....................................................................................... 119 4.4. Relación entre la demanda y variables económicas .................................................. 120 4.5. Principales Conclusiones ........................................................................................... 121 5. ELECCIÓN DE AVIONES PARA OPERAR NUEVAS RUTAS ......................................... 123 5.1. Estado del Arte en Chile ............................................................................................ 123 5.2. Análisis de Condiciones Jurídico Técnicas. ................................................................. 125 5.3. Análisis de Aeropuertos Macrozona Norte ................................................................ 126 5.4. Análisis de Aeropuertos Macrozona Sur ................................................................... 137 5.5. Análisis de rutas intrarregionales Macrozona Norte ................................................. 155 5.6. Análisis de rutas intrarregionales Macrozona Sur ..................................................... 160 5.7. Análisis de condiciones jurídico‐técnicas para la circulación aérea ............................ 166 5.8. Análisis de Aeronaves (material Aéreo) a utilizar en rutas intrarregionales ............... 167 5.9. Flota a ser considerada en el universo del estudio .................................................... 185 5.10. Diferencias en tiempos y costos entre el transporte aéreo y el transporte terrestre (buses interurbanos) para las rutas seleccionadas ................................................................ 193 6. ANÁLISIS DE REQUERIMIENTOS TÉCNICOS PARA LA OPERACIÓN DE AERONAVES EN LAS MACROZONAS NORTE Y SUR. ............................................................................... 202 6.1. Características técnicas y administrativas de las aeronaves ...................................... 202 6.2. Características operacionales de las aeronaves en Macrozona Norte ........................ 202 6.3. Características operacionales de las aeronaves en Macrozona Sur ............................ 203 6.4. Requerimientos de infraestructura en tierra en Macrozona Norte ............................ 204 6.5. Requerimientos de infraestructura en tierra en Macrozona Sur ................................ 206 6.6. Requerimientos de mantenimiento .......................................................................... 210 6.7. Requerimientos del personal aeronáutico ................................................................ 214 7. ANÁLISIS DE LOS PRINCIPALES DRIVERS DE COSTOS ............................................. 217 7.1. Marco General de costos de operación aérea ........................................................... 217 7.2. Definición de estructura de Costos Operacionales .................................................... 223 7.3. Análisis de costos relevantes .................................................................................... 227 7.4. Análisis de otros drivers externos ............................................................................. 233 8. ANÁLISIS JURÍDICO COMPLEMENTARIO SOBRE LA FACTIBILIDAD DE ENTRADA DE UN OPERADOR EN RUTAS INTRARREGIONALES EN CHILE. ........................................... 235 8.1. Requerimientos jurídicos para la entrada de un operador aéreo a nivel nacional (recapitulación y complementación). ................................................................................... 236 8.2. Experiencia internacional en materia de política para la operación de rutas intrarregionales. .................................................................................................................. 240 8.3. Análisis sobre la viabilidad de ingreso de un operador a una ruta intrarregional a nivel nacional. .............................................................................................................................. 242 9. SOBRE LAS TASAS AERONÁUTICAS ....................................................................... 248 9.1. Sobre el establecimiento de las tasas ....................................................................... 248 9.2. Observaciones sobre alternativas de cobro .............................................................. 249 9.3. Financiamiento de la DGAC a través de las tasas y derechos aeronáuticos e implicancias de las modificaciones ....................................................................................... 251 9.4. Evidencia sobre la estructura de costos .................................................................... 253 9.5. Principales Conclusiones ........................................................................................... 259 10 SOBRE EL FOMENTO A LA AVIACIÓN COMERCIAL Y LOS MODELOS DE NEGOCIOS DE LAS AEROLÍNEAS .................................................................................................... 261 10.1 Normativas de fomento a la aviación comercial ........................................................ 261 10.2 Modelo de negocio de las aerolíneas ........................................................................ 263 10.3 Aspectos de logística e infraestructura ..................................................................... 267 10.4 Coordinación con otros agentes y fomento del turismo ............................................ 269 9.6. Principales Conclusiones ........................................................................................... 272 11 ASPECTOS JURÍDICOS RELEVANTES PARA EL FOMENTO DE LA AVIACIÓN COMERCIAL ................................................................................................................. 274 11.1 Normativa asociada al subsidio del transporte público metropolitano y la asignación de recursos regionales .............................................................................................................. 275 11.2 Normativa asociada al transporte aéreo ................................................................... 282 12 ANÁLISIS DE LA RENTABILIDAD DE LA AVIACIÓN INTRARREGIONAL EN LAS MACRO‐ZONAS NORTE Y SUR ...................................................................................... 290 13 FACTIBILIDAD DE UTILIZAR O CREAR INSTRUMENTOS PARA EL FOMENTO DE LA AVIACIÓN INTRARREGIONAL EN LAS MACROZONAS NORTE Y SUR ............................. 303 14 CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES ............................................................. 306 ANEXO 1: Bibliografía .................................................................................................. 319 Normativa Nacional ............................................................................................................. 319 Normativa Internacional ...................................................................................................... 319 Bibliografía de referencia ..................................................................................................... 320 Publicaciones y reportes de consulta ................................................................................... 321 Fuentes Digitales Consultadas .............................................................................................. 321 Operadores Nacionales .......................................................................................................
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