DOCSLIB.ORG

The Indigenous World 2 0

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Indigenous World 2 0 THE INDIGENOUS WORLD 2019 THE INDIGENOUS WORLD 2019 Copenhagen THE INDIGENOUS WORLD 2019 Compilation and editing: David Nathaniel Berger Regional editors: Arctic and North America: Kathrin Wessendorf Mexico, Central and South America: Alejandro Parellada Australia and the Pacific: Diana Vinding Asia: Signe Leth The Middle East: Diana Vinding Africa: Marianne Wiben Jensen and Patrick Kulesza International Processes: Lola García-Alix and Kathrin Wessendorf Cover Ideation, cover and typesetting: Line Klingenberg Grove, Pamela Jacquelin-Andersen and Silie Heeschen Maps and layout: Neus Casanova Vico, Line Klingenberg Grove and Silie Heeschen English translation: Elaine Bolton, Rebecca Knight and Madeline Newman Ríos Proofreading: Elaine Bolton and David Nathaniel Berger Prepress and Print: Eks-Skolens Trykkeri, Copenhagen, Denmark Cover photographies: Alexander Khimushin - The World in Faces HURRIDOCS CIP DATA © The authors and The International Work Title: The Indigenous World 2019 Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA), Edited by: David Nathaniel Berger 2019 All Rights Reserved Pages: 680 ISSN: 1024-0217 The reproduction and distribution of information con- tained in The Indigenous World is welcome as long as ISBN: 978-87-92786-93-7 the source is cited. However, the translation of articles Language: English into other languages and the of the whole BOOK is not Index: 1. Indigenous Peoples – 2. Yearbook – allowed without the consent of IWGIA. 3. International Processes BISAC codes: LAW110000 Indigenous The articles in The Indigenous World are pro- Peoples duced on a voluntary basis. It is IWGIA’s intention that REF027000 Yearbooks & Annuals The Indigenous World should provide a comprehensive POL035010 Political Freedom & Security / update on the situation of indigenous peoples world- wide but, unfortunately, it is not always possible to Human Rights find authors to cover all relevant countries. The articles Geografical area: World reflect the authors’ own views and opinions and not Publication date: April 2019 necessarily those of IWGIA itself. IWGIA can further- more not be held responsible for the accuracy of their content. The Indigenous World is published annually in English and Spanish. Executive director: Julie Koch Head of Finance and Administration: Søren Juul Aarslev This book has been produced with financial support from the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (DANIDA) INTERNATIONAL WORK GROUP FOR INDIGENOUS AFFAIRS Prinsessegade 29 B, 3rd floor, DK 1422 – Copenhagen, Denmark Tel: (45) 53 73 28 30 – E-mail: [email protected] – www.iwgia.org 5 Editorial CONTENTS Editorial ........................................................................................................... 8 PART 1 - REGION AND COUNTRY REPORTS The Arctic Kalaallit Nunaat (Greenland) ...................................................................26 Inuit Nunangat ............................................................................................35 Russian Federation ....................................................................................43 Sápmi .............................................................................................................52 North America Canada ..........................................................................................................65 United States of America .........................................................................73 Mexico and Central America Costa Rica ....................................................................................................83 Guatemala ....................................................................................................93 Mexico .......................................................................................................... 102 Nicaragua .................................................................................................... 110 South America Argentina ..................................................................................................... 121 Bolivia ...........................................................................................................127 Brazil............................................................................................................. 134 Chile ............................................................................................................. 143 Colombia ..................................................................................................... 153 Ecuador ........................................................................................................ 161 French Guiana .............................................................................................171 Guyana .........................................................................................................180 Paraguay ..................................................................................................... 190 Peru ...............................................................................................................197 Rapa Nui ..................................................................................................... 206 Suriname .................................................................................................... 212 Venezuela ................................................................................................... 218 6 IWGIA – The Indigenous World – 2019 Australia and the Pacific Aotearoa (New Zealand) .........................................................................227 Australia ..................................................................................................... 235 French Polynesia ..................................................................................... 242 East Asia and South East Asia Cambodia ................................................................................................... 251 China ........................................................................................................... 258 Japan .......................................................................................................... 269 Malaysia ......................................................................................................275 Myanmar .................................................................................................... 283 Philippines ................................................................................................. 292 Taiwan ......................................................................................................... 302 Thailand ........................................................................................................ 311 Vietnam ....................................................................................................... 319 West Papua ............................................................................................... 328 South Asia Bangladesh ............................................................................................... 337 India ............................................................................................................. 346 Nepal ........................................................................................................... 366 Middle East Israel .............................................................................................................375 Palestine .................................................................................................... 384 North and West Africa Algeria ......................................................................................................... 395 Libya ............................................................................................................ 403 Morocco ...................................................................................................... 407 Tunisia .......................................................................................................... 414 Burkina Faso .............................................................................................. 419 Niger ............................................................................................................ 425 East Africa Eritrea ......................................................................................................... 433 Ethiopia ...................................................................................................... 442 Kenya ...........................................................................................................448 Tanzania ..................................................................................................... 459 Uganda ....................................................................................................... 468 7 Editorial Central Africa Burundi ........................................................................................................479 Cameroon ..................................................................................................484 Central African Republic ....................................................................... 492 Chad .............................................................................................................501 Democratic Republic of Congo ............................................................ 510 Rwanda.........................................................................................................517
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 42203-022: Northern Rural Infrastructure Development Sector
    Indigenous Peoples Plan Project Number: 42203-022 Grant Number: 0235-LAO January 2015 Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Northern Rural Infrastructure Development Sector Project Prepared by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry for the Asian Development Bank. This indigenous peoples plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the ‘term of use’ section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Annex-10 Ethnic Groups Development Plan Houay Makmue Irrigation Subproject Lanten Ethnic Group in Luang Namtha Annex 10 Northern Rural Infrastructure Development Sector Project Feasibility Study on Houay Makmue Irrigation Subproject, Long District, Luang Namtha Province TABLE OF CONTENTS Topics Page LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A10-1 A. Introduction A10-1 B. The Houay Makmue Irrigation Subproject A10-1 C. Ethnic Groups in the Subproject Areas A10-2 D. Socio-Economic Status A10-2 a. Land Issues A10-2 b. Language Issues A10-3 c. Gender Issues A10-3 d. Social Health Issues A10-3 E. Potential Benefits and Negative Impacts of the Subproject A10-4 F. Consultation and Disclosure A10-5 G. Monitoring A10-5 1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION A10-6 1.1 Objectives of the Ethnic Groups Development Plan A10-6 1.2 The Northern Rural Infrastructure Development Sector Project A10-6 (NRIDSP) 1.3 The Houay Makmue Irrigation Subproject A10-6 2.
    [Show full text]
  • In Collaboration with CSTM/SCTM
    FEREN CON CE PROGRAM laboration with CSTM/ In col SCTM IC TM 2011 WE’RE PROUD TO WELCOME THE 41ST WORLD CONFERENCE OF ICTM to Memorial University and to St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador. This is a unique corner of Canada, the only part that was once an independent country and then the newest Canadian province (since 1949) but one of the oldest meeting points for natives and new- comers in North America. With four Aboriginal cultures (Inuit, Innu, Mi’kmaq, Métis); deep French, English, Irish, and Scottish roots; and a rapidly diversifying contemporary society, our citizens have shared a dramatic history, including a tsunami, an occupation during WWII, a fragile dependence on the sea including a cod moratorium in recent decades, a key role in the events of 9/11, and more recently, an oil boom. Its nickname – The Rock – tells a lot about its spectacular geography but also about its resilient culture. Traditional music and dance are key ingredients in life here, as we hope you will learn in the week ahead. Our meetings will take place at Memorial University, shown in the foreground of the photo below, and in the Arts & Culture Centre just to the west of the campus. To celebrate the conference themes in music itself, and to bring the public in contact with the remarkable range of scholars and musicians in our midst, we have organized the SOUNDshift Festival to run concurrently with the World Conference of ICTM. Five concerts, open to delegates and the general public, workshops by ICTM members and musicians featured on the concerts, and films are available as part of this festival.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influences of Christianity and Tourism on Akha Music in Northern
    The Influences of Christianity and Tourism on Akha Music in Northern Thailand VITAYATPRAPAIPHAN Nongyao A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Philosophy in Ethnomusicology •The Chinese University of Hong Kong June 2004 The Chinese University of Hong Kong holds the copyright of this thesis. Any person(s) intending to use a part or whole of the materials in the thesis in a proposed publication must seek copyright release from the Dean of the Graduate School. 1 6 OCT Mji| UNIVERSITY M NgoS^IBRARY SYSTEI^>^ Table of Contents Abstract i Acknowledgements 1 Preface 4 1. Introduction - Knowing the Akha a. Background 10 b. Problems the Akha People are Facing 16 c. Government Policy Towards the Akha and Hill Tribes in Northern Thailand 22 d. The Impact of Government Policy on the Akha People 27 e. Rituals and the Beliefs of the Akha 30 2. The Traditional Musical Life of the Akha 33 3. The Impact of Christianity on Akha Life and Musical Life 38 4. The Impact of Tourism on Akha Life and Musical Life 56 5. Prospects for the Traditional Musical Life of the Akha 65 6. Conclusion 73 Appendix I: Figures 82 Appendix II: Musical Examples 89 Bibliography 91 Abstract of thesis entitled: The Akha in Northern Thailand are an ethnic group who migrated from Yunnan to Burma or Laos and finally to Thailand. They now live in the high mountains of Northern Thailand in the provinces of Chiangmai and Chiangrai. Most of them live in poverty. The Thai Government has some programmes to improve their living conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Session 1D Green Imperialism in French Polynesia
    Michigan Technological University Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech Global Conference of the Youth Environmental Alliance in Higher Education 2nd International Conference of the YEAH Dec 9th, 2:24 PM - 2:35 PM Session 1D Green Imperialism in French Polynesia Sara Mills Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/yeah-conference Recommended Citation Mills, Sara, "Session 1D Green Imperialism in French Polynesia" (2020). Global Conference of the Youth Environmental Alliance in Higher Education. 16. https://doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.yeah-conference/2020/all-events/16 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/yeah-conference Avoiding "Green Imperialism": Examining the Relationship Between France and French Polynesia Sara Mills Background Policy Problems (cont.) Potential Solutions • French Polynesia (FP) is a collection of 118 islands in the South Pacific and a former French colony (Vieux et al. 4) • As a result of colonization, three political • While sustainable development projects are not entirely negative, • The islands are considered "autonomous" and not independent of parties have appeared based on FP's relationship perspectives regarding France and FP's relationship must shift in order to the French Republic (8) with France ("Quatrième Commission", Malogne- avoid "green imperialism" • FP has a booming tourism industry and relies heavily on the sea for Fer): • Developed countries using global environmental agenda to hydropower and fishing (Vieux et al. 9, Opeskin and MacDermott impede economic growth of developing countries (Scholtz 288) 355) • France currently exploits FP resources under the provision that the country • For 30 years, FP was the site of a French nuclear testing site, causing has claim to them since FP is an entity of France environmental and health problems for residents (Malogne- 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Bangladesh's Forest Ngoscape
    The Dissertation Committee for Alex Ray Dodson certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Bangladesh’s Forest NGOscape: Visions of Mandi Indigeneity, Competing Eco-Imaginaries, and Faltering Entrepreneurs in the Climate of Suspicion Committee: ______________________________ Kamran Ali, Supervisor ______________________________ Kaushik Ghosh ______________________________ Ward Keeler ______________________________ Kathleen Stewart ______________________________ Pauline Strong ______________________________ Willem van Schendel Bangladesh’s Forest NGOscape: Visions of Mandi Indigeneity, Competing Eco-Imaginaries, and Faltering Entrepreneurs in the Climate of Suspicion by Alex Ray Dodson, B.A., M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin May 2013 Dedicated to the people of the Modhupur Bon Onchol. Acknowledgments An extraordinary number of people have helped me along the way to make this research a reality. Firstly, I would like to thank the funding organizations: the Department of Anthropology at the University of Texas at Austin, the South Asia Institute at UT, the Department of State, the Institute of International Education, and the American Institute for Bangladesh Studies. Thank you to Peggy Sanday and Carol Muller at the University of Pennsylvania, who inspired me early on and got me to engage critically and ethically with anthropology. Thank you to my committee – Katie, Polly, Ward, Kaushik, and Willem, and especially to Kamran for sticking with me all of these years, reading innumerable drafts, and encouraging me through my insecurities. All of your comments at the defense were invaluable to my considerations of this project’s future.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Reviews
    Political Reviews michael lujan bevacqua, elizabeth (isa) ua ceallaigh bowman, zaldy dandan, monica c labriola, nic maclellan, tiara r na'puti, gonzaga puas peter clegg, lorenz gonschor, margaret mutu, salote talagi, forrest wade young 187 number of representatives of the ter- Islands, Hawai‘i, Norfolk Island, ritory in the Paris National Assembly and Senate and to create term limits Wallis and Futuna are not included in for the president of French Polynesia this issue. and the mayors of municipalities. French Polynesia These proposals met with protests across the local political spectrum The period under review was one of (otr, 26 June, 7 July 2018). mixed messages. On one hand, French Even more controversial was Polynesia’s reconnection with the rest the clause recognizing the effects of of Oceania is accelerating, symbolized nuclear testing that was to be inserted by an important business proposal into the updated organic law of with shareholders from other Polyne- French Polynesia. After first recogniz- sian countries. On the other hand, the ing the territory’s “contributions to French state’s repressive colonial poli- nuclear deterrence and defense of the cies continue unabatedly: Just as an nation,” the clause then states that old act of arbitrary colonial injustice compensation by the French state for from the 1950s was finally revised, irradiation victims will be defined new acts were committed, with the by law and that the French state will French judiciary removing the pro- provide adjustments for structural and independence opposition leader from economic imbalances caused in conse- the political scene and prosecuting him quence of the tests (Légifrance 2019).
    [Show full text]
  • Forces of Change 101123-1
    Beteckning: Akademin för utbildning och ekonomi Forces of change A theoretical analysis of syncretism between Theravada Buddhism and animistic indigenous beliefs in Thailand Erik Nilsson 2010-11-21 30 hp Religionsvetenskap D Tematiskt examensarbete Handledare: Olov Dahlin Examinator: Peder Thalén Abstract Urak Lawoi is the name of one of the sea nomadic tribes which lives along the shores of Myanmar, Thailand and Malaysia. They are spread on many of the islands in the Andaman Sea archipelago and Ko Lanta is the main settlement. Urak Lawoi is regarded as the indigenous people of the island and they live there as a minority together with Muslims and Thai-Chinese. The traditional religion and culture of Urak Lawoi is built upon the animistic belief of their ancestors. In the last 20 years Ko Lanta has experienced a tremendous process of change caused by increasing tourism. The conditions of the Urak Lawoi and their way of life have dramatically changed. The fact that this process brings consequences for the traditional culture and religion is obvious, but in what direction is it developing? To be able to interpret and expound the material from my field studies among Urak Lawoi on Ko Lanta in October-December 2009, I have done a literature search to investigate the animistic traditions and the syncretistic nature of belief in Thailand. I have also tried to find theories about the process of religious change and the forces working behind them. In this essay I am trying to do a theoretical analysis of the field study material using theories and parallel examples I have found in the literature.
    [Show full text]
  • CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT for MYANMAR 2018 – 1 of 178 –
    Centralized National Risk Assessment for Myanmar FSC-CNRA-MM V1-0 EN FSC-CNRA-MM V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR MYANMAR 2018 – 1 of 178 – Title: Centralized National Risk Assessment for Myanmar Document reference FSC-CNRA-MM V1-0 EN code: Approval body: FSC International Center: Performance and Standards Unit Date of approval: 27 August 2018 Contact for comments: FSC International Center - Performance and Standards Unit - Adenauerallee 134 53113 Bonn, Germany +49-(0)228-36766-0 +49-(0)228-36766-30 [email protected] © 2018 Forest Stewardship Council, A.C. All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by the publisher’s copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, recording taping, or information retrieval systems) without the written permission of the publisher. Printed copies of this document are for reference only. Please refer to the electronic copy on the FSC website (ic.fsc.org) to ensure you are referring to the latest version. The Forest Stewardship Council® (FSC) is an independent, not for profit, non- government organization established to support environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial, and economically viable management of the world’s forests. FSC’s vision is that the world’s forests meet the social, ecological, and economic rights and needs of the present generation without compromising those of future generations. FSC-CNRA-MM V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR MYANMAR 2018 – 2 of 178 – Contents Risk assessments that have been finalized for Myanmar .......................................... 4 Risk designations in finalized risk assessments for Myanmar ...................................
    [Show full text]
  • Prayer Cards | Joshua Project
    Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Barua, Maramagyi in Myanmar (Burma) Bulang in Myanmar (Burma) Population: 500 Population: 15,000 World Popl: 25,800 World Popl: 123,400 Total Countries: 3 Total Countries: 3 People Cluster: South Asia Buddhist People Cluster: Mon-Khmer Main Language: Rakhine Main Language: Blang Main Religion: Buddhism Main Religion: Buddhism Status: Unreached Status: Unreached Evangelicals: 0.00% Evangelicals: 0.80% Chr Adherents: 0.00% Chr Adherents: 1.90% Scripture: Portions Scripture: New Testament www.joshuaproject.net www.joshuaproject.net Source: Anonymous "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Burmese in Myanmar (Burma) Chak, Thet in Myanmar (Burma) Population: 31,383,000 Population: 1,900 World Popl: 32,279,200 World Popl: 5,300 Total Countries: 19 Total Countries: 3 People Cluster: Burmese People Cluster: South Asia Buddhist Main Language: Burmese Main Language: Chak Main Religion: Buddhism Main Religion: Buddhism Status: Unreached Status: Unreached Evangelicals: 0.08% Evangelicals: 0.32% Chr Adherents: 0.35% Chr Adherents: 0.32% Scripture: Complete Bible Scripture: Translation Needed www.joshuaproject.net www.joshuaproject.net Source: Kerry Olson Source: Peoples of the Buddhist World, A "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Chakma, Daingnet in Myanmar (Burma) Chaungtha in Myanmar (Burma) Population:
    [Show full text]
  • PF 2021 Final
    Polynésie française Gwendoline Malogne-Fer Ancienne colonie française, la Polynésie française est depuis 2004 une Collectivité d’Outre-mer de 278.000 habitants (dont environ 80 % de Polynésiens)1 qui dispose, au sein de la République française, d’une relative autonomie politique à travers ses propres institutions locales : le gouvernement et l’Assemblée de Polynésie française. Le bilan démographique de 2019 souligne un ralentissement de la croissance de la population – dû à la baisse de la natalité et aux migrations notamment des jeunes bacheliers en poursuite d’étude en Métropole – et un vieillissement de la population2. La Polynésie française se caractérise par une augmentation des inégalités sociales mises en évidence par l’Institut de la Statistique de la Polynésie française (ISPF). Ces enquêtes – en particulier l’enquête budget des familles de 2015 – montrent ainsi que les inégalités de revenus sont plus fortes en Polynésie française qu’en France métropolitaine. Cette situation s’explique en grande partie « à cause du très faible effort de redistribution de la fiscalité polynésienne »3, c’est à dire de l’absence d’impôt sur le revenu. En 2015 un cinquième de la population polynésienne vivait en dessous du seuil de pauvreté4. La bipolarisation de la vie politique a longtemps caractérisé la Polynésie française avec, d’un côté, le Tavini Huiraatira parti indépendantiste dirigé par Oscar Temaru et de, l’autre côté, le parti autonomiste Tahoera’a Huiraatira de Gaston Flosse – qui prône le maintien de la Polynésie française au sein de la République. En 2016, une crise de succession au sein du Tahoera’a, suite à l’inéligibilité de Gaston Flosse, a entrainé la création d’un troisième parti politique le Tapura Huiraatira.
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type o f computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Aim Arbor Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Highland Cash Crop Development and Biodiversity Conservation: The Hmong in Northern Thailand by Waranoot Tungittiplakorn B.Sc., Chulalongkorn University, 1988 M..Sc., Asian Institute of Technology, 1991 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment o f the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Geography We accept this dissertation as conforming to the required standard Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Watching, Snorkelling, Whale-Watching
    © Lonely Planet Publications 202 Index A Baitul Mukarram Mosque 55 Rocket 66-7, 175, 6 accommodation 157-8 baksheesh 164 to/from Barisal 97-8 activities, see diving, dolphin- Baldha Gardens 54 to/from Chittagong 127-8 watching, snorkelling, Bana Vihara 131 to/from Dhaka 66-8 whale-watching Banchte Shekha Foundation 81 boat trips 158 Adivasis 28, 129, see also individual Bandarban 134-6 Chittagong 125-6 tribes bangla 31 Dhaka 59 Agrabad 125 Bangla, see Bengali Mongla 90 Ahmed, Fakhruddin 24 Bangladesh Freedom Fighters 22 Rangamati 131 Ahmed, Iajuddin 14 Bangladesh Nationalist Party 23 Sariakandi 103 INDEX Ahsan Manzil 52 Bangladesh Tea Research Institute 154 Bogra 101-3, 101 air travel Bangsal Rd 54 books 13, 14, see also literature airfares 170 Bara Katra 53 arts 33 airlines 169-70 Bara Khyang 140 birds 37 to/from Bangladesh 170-2 Barisal 97-9, 98 Chittagong Hill Tracts 28, 29 within Bangladesh 173-5 Barisal division 96-9 culture 26, 27, 28, 31 Ali, Khan Jahan 89 Baro Bazar Mosque 82 emigration 32 Ananda Vihara 145 Baro Kuthi 115 food 40 animals 36, 154-5, see also individual bathrooms 166 history 20, 23 animals Baul people 28 Lajja (Shame) 30 Lowacherra National Park 154-5 bazars, see markets tea 40 Madhupur National Park 77-8 beaches border crossings 172 Sundarbans National Park 93-4, 7 Cox’s Bazar 136 Benapole 82 architecture 31-2, see also historical Himachari Beach 139 Burimari 113 buildings Inani Beach 139 Tamabil 150 area codes 166, see also inside front Benapole 82 Brahmaputra River 35 cover Bengali 190-6 brassware 73 Armenian
    [Show full text]