Country Report Madagascar

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Country Report Madagascar MADAGASCAR Ce rapport a été préparé pour contribuer à la publication FAO: Etat des Ressources Génétiques Forestières dans le Monde Le contenu et la structure sont conformes aux recommandations et aux lignes directrices données par la FAO dans le document Lignes directrices pour la préparation des Rapports de pays pour L’Etat des ressources génétiques forestières dans le monde (2010). Ces lignes directrices définissent les recommandations pour l’objectif, la portée et la structure des rapports de pays. Les pays ont été demandés d’examiner l’état actuel des connaissances de la diversité génétique des forêts, y compris: entre les espèces et à l’intérieur des espèces la liste des espèces prioritaires, leurs rôles, leurs valeurs et leur importance. la liste des espèces menacées ou en danger les menaces, les opportunités et les défis relatifs à la conservation, l’utilisation durable et le développement des ressources génétiques forestières. Ces rapports ont été transmis à la FAO par les gouvernements en tant que documents officiels. Le rapport est disponible sur www.fao.org/documents comme support et information contextuelle et doit être utilisé en conjonction avec d'autres documents sur les ressources génétiques forestières dans le monde. Le contenu et les points de vue exprimés dans le présent rapport sont la responsabilité de l'entité qui a soumis le rapport à la FAO. La FAO ne peut être tenu responsable de l'utilisation qui pourrait être faite des informations contenues dans le présent rapport. REPOBLIKAN’I MADAGASIKARA Fitiavana – Tanindrazana – Fandrosoana MINISTERE DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT ET DES FORETS RAPPORT NATIONAL SUR LES RESSOURCES PHYTOGENETIQUES FORESTIERES MADAGASCAR Coordination nationale : Silo National des Graines Forestières (SNGF) Point focal national : Pr RAMAMONJISOA Lolona (Directeur SNGF) Assistant : RANDRIANAVOSOA Hasinjato (Chef de section de recherche au SNGF) Financement : FAO sous TCP/MAG/3302 Membres du Comité de rédaction : • Pr RAMAMONJISOA Lolona (SNGF), • Dr RAKOTONIAINA Naritiana (Service d’Appui à la Gestion de l’Environnement), • Dr RAZAFY Fara Lala (World Wild Fund), • Mr RANDRIANAVOSOA Hasinjato (SNGF), • Mr RAKOTOARISOA Julien Noel (Direction Général des Forêts), • Dr RABEMANJARA Zo (Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques, Département Eaux et Forêts), • Mr RAZAFINDRIANILANA Norbert (Département des Recherches Forestières et Piscicoles, Centre National de Recherche Appliquée au Développement Rural) Février 2012 Sommaire Liste des tableaux __________________________________________________________________ 5 Liste des Annexes ___________________________________________________________________ 5 Section I : Résumé exécutif ___________________________________________________________ 6 Section II : INTRODUCTION ___________________________________________________________ 8 Le pays et son secteur forestier________________________________________________________ 8 II.1. Situation géographique du pays .............................................................................................................. 8 II.2. Caractéristiques climatiques ................................................................................................................... 8 II.3. Caractéristiques physiques ...................................................................................................................... 8 II.3.1. Réseau hydrographique ................................................................................................................................................ 8 II.3.2. Relief ............................................................................................................................................................................. 8 II.3.3. Sols ............................................................................................................................................................................... 9 II.4. Caractéristiques socio-économiques ....................................................................................................... 9 II.4.1. La population ................................................................................................................................................................ 9 II.4.2. L’économie .................................................................................................................................................................... 9 II.5. Description générale du Secteur forestier à Madagascar .......................................................................... 9 II.5.1. Caractéristiques des Forêts ........................................................................................................................................... 9 II.5.2. Systèmes de gestion des Forêts .................................................................................................................................... 9 II.5.3. Emplois dans le secteur forestier et importance économique globale du secteur forestier ..................................... 11 II.5.4. Importance des forêts, des produits forestiers et des services destinés à l’usage local et national et aux exportations ................................................................................................................................................................... 13 II.5.5. Organisation du secteur forestier : les différents acteurs ou parties prenantes ........................................................ 13 II.5.6. Potentialités des Ressources génétiques forestières par rapport aux besoins ........................................................... 14 II.5.7. Evolution de la demande et dynamique du secteur forestier .................................................................................... 14 Section III : LES RESSOURCES PHYTOGENETIQUES FORESTIERES DE MADAGASCAR _____________ 13 Chapitre I. ETAT ACTUEL DES RESSOURCES GENETIQUES FORESTIERES _______________________ 13 I.1. Diversité interspécifique ........................................................................................................................ 13 I.1.1. Formations naturelles .................................................................................................................................................. 13 I.1.2. Formations artificielles ................................................................................................................................................. 14 I.2. Diversité intraspécifique ........................................................................................................................ 14 I.3. Principales valeurs des Ressources génétiques forestières ...................................................................... 15 I.3.1. Usages des ressources phytogénétiques forestières ................................................................................................... 15 I.3.2. Importance économique nationale et valorisation des RGFS malgaches sur le marché international ....................... 19 I.4. Les espèces forestières prioritaires et menacées ..................................................................................... 19 I.5. Principales espèces gérées activement à des fins productives ................................................................. 20 I.6. Facteurs influant sur l’état de la diversité ............................................................................................... 20 I.6.1. Défrichement ............................................................................................................................................................... 20 I.6.2. Feux de brousse et feux de forêts ............................................................................................................................... 21 Source : DGF, 2011 ................................................................................................................................................................ 21 I.6.3. Surexploitation des espèces forestières ...................................................................................................................... 21 I.6.4. Exploitations minières .................................................................................................................................................. 22 I.6.5. Croissance démographique .......................................................................................................................................... 22 I.6.6. Impacts négatifs des projets de développement et d’investissement industriel ........................................................ 22 I.6.7. Autres facteurs ............................................................................................................................................................. 23 I.7. Efforts entrepris .................................................................................................................................... 23 I.8. Besoins et priorités futurs ...................................................................................................................... 24 I.8.1. Besoins ......................................................................................................................................................................... 24 I.8.2. Priorités futures ..........................................................................................................................................................
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