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Structure and Floristic Relationships Between Cerrado Sensu Stricto Sites on Two Types of Substrate in Northern Cerrado, Brazil

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Structure and Floristic Relationships Between Cerrado Sensu Stricto Sites on Two Types of Substrate in Northern Cerrado, Brazil Biota Neotrop., vol. 13, no. 4 Structure and floristic relationships between Cerrado sensu stricto sites on two types of substrate in northern Cerrado, Brazil Helena Lara Lemos1,4, José Roberto Rodrigues Pinto2, Henrique Augusto Mews1 & Eddie Lenza3 1Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Florestais, Universidade de Brasília – UnB, CP 4357, CEP 70919-970, Brasília, DF, Brazil 2Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade de Brasília – UnB, CP 4357, CEP 70919-970, Brasília, DF, Brazil 3Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso – UNEMAT, CP 08, CEP 78690-000, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil 4Corresponding author: Helena Lara Lemos, e-mail: [email protected] LEMOS, H.L., PINTO, J.R.R., MEWS, H.A. & LENZA, E. Structure and floristic relationships between Cerrado sensu stricto sites on two types of substrate in northern Cerrado, Brazil. Biota Neotrop. (13)4: http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v13n4/en/abstract?article+bn02213042013 Abstract: We described and compared the floristic composition, richness, species diversity and structure of the tree-shrub component in pairs of Typical Cerrado (Cerrado Típico) and rocky outcrop Cerrado (Cerrado Rupestre) in two localities in Tocantins State. In each locality, we set up 10 plots of 20 × 50 m at a site, the Cerrado Típico and other Cerrado Rupestre, and sampled the individuals with Db30cm ≥ 5 cm. The rocky outcrop Cerrado did not present any trend towards lower richness and basal area compared to the Cerrado on deep soil. Few species occurred across the four sites and only two important species (Anacardium occidentale and Qualea parviflora) in the four vegetation structure were common to both environments assessed. Furthermore, the occurrence of habitat-specialist species of rocky outcrops and high altitudes (Mimosa claussenii, Tibouchina papyrus, Schwartzia adamantium and Wunderlichia cruelsiana) and the high dissimilarity among sites suggest that altitude is the main responsible for the floristic dissimilarity, followed by the influence of substrate type. Therefore, the information with respect to phytophysiognomy type as a parameter to select areas for conservation, by itself, does not effectively ensure biodiversity preservation, owing to the existing flora heterogeneity not only at local but also at regional scale, revealed by the floristic and structural particularity of each site. Keywords: Brazilian savanna, Cerrado Rupestre, Cerrado Típico, conservation, floristic similarity. LEMOS, H.L., PINTO, J.R.R., MEWS, H.A. & LENZA, E. Relações florístico-estruturais entre áreas de Cerrado sentido restrito sobre dois tipos de substrato na porção norte do Cerrado, Brasil. Biota Neotrop. 13(4): http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v13n4/pt/abstract?article+bn02213042013 Resumo: Descrevemos e comparamos a composição florística, a riqueza, a diversidade de espécies e a estrutura do componente arbustivo-arbóreo em pares de Cerrado Típico e Cerrado Rupestre em duas localidades no Estado de Tocantins. Em cada localidade, alocamos 10 parcelas de 20 × 50 m em um sítio de Cerrado Típico e em outro de Cerrado Rupestre e amostramos os indivíduos com Db30cm ≥ 5 cm. Não identificamos tendência de que o Cerrado sobre solo raso com afloramentos rochosos tivesse riqueza e área basal inferiores ao Cerrado sobre solo profundo. Poucas espécies ocorreram nos quatro sítios e apenas duas espécies (Anacardium occidentale e Qualea parviflora) importantes para a estruturação das quatro vegetações foram comuns aos dois ambientes analisados. Aliado a isso, a ocorrência de espécies habitat-especialistas de ambientes com afloramentos rochosos e de elevadas altitudes (Mimosa claussenii, Tibouchina papyrus, Schwartzia adamantium e Wunderlichia cruelsiana) e a elevada dissimilaridade entre os sítios sugerem a altitude como principal responsável pela dissimilaridade florística, seguida pela influência do tipo de substrato. Assim, a utilização apenas da informação sobre o tipo fitofisionômico como parâmetro para escolha de áreas para conservação não garante a preservação efetiva da biodiversidade devido à heterogeneidade das floras existentes, tanto em escala local como regional, demonstrada pela particularidade florística e estrutural de cada sítio. Palavras-chave: Savana brasileira, Cerrado Rupestre, Cerrado Típico, conservação, similaridade florística. http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v13n4/en/abstract?article+bn02213042013 http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br 122 Biota Neotrop., vol. 13, no. 4 Lemos, H.L. et al. Introduction Rupestre sites? 2) Do both the vegetation floristic composition and structure differ between the studied sites, despite their adjacent Cerrado is considered the tropical savanna with the world’s location in the landscape? We hope that the answers to the questions greatest species richness (Silva et al. 2006), comprising nearly 33% can support actions aiming at conserving Cerrado’s threatened of the Brazilian biodiversity (Aguiar et al. 2004). According to biodiversity, especially its northern portion. Ribeiro & Walter (2008), the high biodiversity found in the Cerrado biome is partially due to its mosaic of plant formations as well as the Material and Methods different substrates on which the vegetation is established, addition of past climate changes (Oliveira-Filho & Ratter 2002). In spite of this Study areas – We selected two localities across the latitudinal mosaic, the Cerrado is best characterized by the savannic formation gradient of Tocantins State, Brazil (Figure 1). The first locality is in locally named Cerrado sensu stricto, which occupies nearly 85% of the municipality of Palmas, Central portion of the State and at the the biome’s core area (Eiten 1993). The Cerrado sensu stricto was margin of the Luiz Eduardo Magalhães Hydroelectric Power Plant subdivided by Ribeiro & Walter (2008) into Cerrado Denso (Dense lake, at coordinates 10°10’S and 48°16’W (Figure 1). The altitude Cerrado), Cerrado Típico (Typical Cerrado), Cerrado Ralo (Sparse in the region ranges from 200 to 400 m (Table 2) and the average Cerrado) and Cerrado Rupestre (rocky outcrop Cerrado), whereas annual rainfall from 1,800 to 1,900 mm, and the main soil types are the first three occur on deep soils and the latter on shallow soils with Latosols and Plinthosols (Tocantins 2012). The second location is in rocky outcrops and rugged relief. the municipality of Natividade, southeastern Tocantins, at coordinates Several studies assessed phytogeographic patterns in Cerrado 11°41’S and 47°42’W (Figure 1). The altitude ranges from 300 to sensu stricto (Rizzini 1963, Warming 1973, Rizzo 1981, Felfili & 1,000 m (Table 2), the average annual rainfall is 1,600 mm and the Felfili 2001, Ratter et al. 2003, Silva et al. 2006, Costa et al. 2010). main soil types are Latosols and Litholic, Fluvic and Quartzarenic Nonetheless, such studies focused on Cerrado sensu stricto sites Neosols (Tocantins 2012). on deep soil and mostly in the core portion of the biome, without 1. Sampling considering the vegetation on rocky outcrops and that in peripheral, transitional or regions in contact with adjacent biomes. In each locality we selected one Cerrado Típico site (Palmas = TP Recent floristic and phytogeographic studies conducted in and Natividade = TN) and one Cerrado Rupestre site (Palmas = RP Cerrado sensu stricto have focused particularly on Cerrado Rupestre and Natividade = RN). In each site, we set up 10 plots of 20 × 50 m sites in Goiás (Lenza et al. 2011, Maracahipes et al. 2011, Santos et al. and measured diameter and height of all tree-shrub individuals with 2012) and Mato Grosso States (Felfili et al. 2002, Gomes et al. 2011) base diameter measured at 30 cm above ground level (Db30) ≥ 5 cm, as well as in the Federal District (Amaral et al. 2006). Gomes et al. as recommended by Felfili et al. (2005). We calculated the quadratic (2011) and Abreu et al. (2012) compared the Cerrado sensu stricto diameter of the ramifications (square root of the sum of the diameters’ flora and structure on different substrates. Such authors concluded squares) for all individuals with forked stems below the 30 cm, which that, at local scale, the floristic and structure difference between equal the sum of the sectional areas of the branches as a descriptor of Cerrado Rupestre and other types of Cerrado sensu stricto is reflex the basal area of the individual (Moro & Martins 2011). of the substrate on the selection of specialist species in habitats which We used the APG III (Angiosperm… 2009) botanical classification prefer soils with rocky outcrops, dominating the community structure. system and the taxa names were updated from the Lista de Espécies Nevertheless, these types of study are very recent in other regions da Flora do Brasil (Jardim… 2013). The botanical material collected wherein the Cerrado sensu stricto on shallow and rocky soils occur, will be deposited at HUTO Herbarium, University of Tocantins such as the States of Bahia, Minas Gerais and Tocantins, resulting (UNITINS). in a gap in knowledge concerning this phytophysiognomy’s flora Data analysis – In order to compare species richness among sites and structure. we used the rarefaction method based on the number of individuals The fact that the Tocantins State is located in the most preserved (Gotelli & Colwell 2001) in software EcoSim 7 (Gotelli & Entsminger portion of the biome (Sano et al. 2009) and in the zone of contact 2001) and calculated the p value based on the normal distribution between Cerrado, Caatinga and Amazon Forest biomes, makes it a Z test
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