Aberdeen 2, 27, 31, 61, 85 Aberdeenshire 2, 28, 29, 74

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-57228-6 - The Industrial Revolution in Scotland Christopher A. Whatley Index More information

Index

Aberdeen 2, 27, 31, 61, 85 children, pauper 72 Aberdeenshire 2, 28, 29, 74 church attendance 89 agrarian reforms 56, 57, 58, 79, 80 Clackmannan 28 agricultural products: imports 43 class distinction 87 agricultural workers 75, 84 clippers: construction 28 agriculture: 10, 15, 20, 24, 57, 58 clothing, slave 41 improvers 55, 56 Clyde: shipbuilding 34, 49 Arbroath 43 shipping 42 Arkwright, Richard 48 coaches 45 Ayrshire 34 coal: consumption 45 deposits 50, 51, 53 banking system 55 exports 40 banks 23, 54, 55 imports 33 bills of exchange 14, 16 coal mining: 13, 19,21 bleaching industry 21,29 female workers 75 Board of Trustees for Improving industry 24, 32 Fisheries and Manufactures 19, output 17, 30, 34, 45 54 coal owners 58, 59 books 45 Coatbridge 34 British Linen Company 55 combination acts 77, 78 Burghs of barony 12 comb-making 28 businessmen 53, 61 commerce 10 commercialisation 80 Calvinism 54, 69 communication 50 canals 34, 81 competition 62 capitalism, industrial 77,80,88 conscience, stimulus 54 Caribbean 46 cottars 78 Carron Iron Works 23, 44, 70 cotton: goods 62 cash credit system 19, 55 imports 42, 59, 60 cattle: black 14, 15 industry 32, 52 exports 17, 20 mills 25, 26, 81 celibacy rate 72 spinning 26 chapels 89 crime 86 Chartism 89 crofters 36 chemical industry 30 crofting settlements 82 chemicals: exports 40 Crombies 62

104

Index 105

Dale, David 25 flax: 12, 20, 42 diet, working class 74, 84 imports 50 disputes 78, 86 spinning 27,74 distilleries 22, 31, 42 Forth and Clyde Canal 34 disturbances 87 foundries 35, 41 domestic service 67 freight: costs 50 drunkenness 90 fustian manufacture 24, 47 Dundee flax: imports 42 Galashiels 28 spinning 27 Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway 34 jute 43 Gerschenkron,AJexander17,39 imports 27 Glasgow: 30, 34, 44, 52, 59, 60, 65, textile manufacturing 27 71, 78, 84, 85, 86, 87 whaling 47 cotton spinning 25 Dunfermline 2 export trade 23 dye works 30 Irish people 67 muslin manufacturers 26 East India Company 46 Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and economic history: 3, 4 Ayr Railway 34 regional 6 glass: exports 40 economies, merging 5 making 12, 23, 32 economy, Scottish: stimulation 5, 6, grain: imports 43 13 granite quarrying 28 Edinburgh 2,24,36,45,61,85 Grant, Archibald, of Monymusk 19 embroiderers 26 Greenock 35, 90 emigration 68 guilds: craft 13 employment, part-time 74, 75, 76, 81 weavers 71 temporary 66 enclosures 84 haberdashery: exports 41 energy resources 51, 53 hand-spinners: decline 81 engineering 49 harbours 59 Enlightenment 49 Hawick 28, 29 entrepreneurs 53, 61 hides: imports 43 English 48 highlands: industry 81 epidemics 85 Honourable Society ofImprovers in evangelism 89 Agriculture 19 export bounties 47 hosiery: production 28, 29, 45 exports: 14, 16 households 16 growth 39, 41 Ireland 16 illiteracy 70 tonnage 41 import duties 47 extractive industries 12, 19 incomes: household 44 landed class 45 factors, land 57 sources 46 famine 36 Industrial Revolution: farms 79,80 definitions 7, 8 females, single 72 Scottish: causes 38-63 finance 16, 54 social aspects 64-91 fish: exports 41 industrialisation 8 fishing: 27, 91 rate of39 villages 65 inventions 47,61

106 Index

Ireland 38, 40 Neilson, J. B. 33 exports to 40 'new' towns 24, 45 migration from 67 Newmills Company 19 iron: deposits 50, 51 manufacture 21, 23, 31, 34, 44, 48 oats: imports 43 ironworks 41 yields 56 Osnaburgs 22 kelp industry 32,81,82 overcrowding 85 Kincardineshire 28 Kirkcaldy 43 Paisley 22, 25, 26, 85, 90 paper industry: 12,19,45 labour: costs 71, 72, 73 output 30 management 69, 70, 77, 78 paternalism 77, 78 shortages 69 pawnshops 84 lace industry 75 Penicuik, Midlothian 24, 25 land agents 57 Perth: bleachfields 29 landowners 13, 54, 57, 58, 59, 80 pig-iron 44 lawyers 53 planned 'villages' 65, 79 leases 57, 58 police force 88 limestone 58 political economy 49 linen: 12, 14,20,22,23,25,27 Poor Laws: impact 72, 84 exports 27, 40, 41 population: decline 90 industry 42,43,46, 62, 76 displacement 78 output 26 growth 10, 15,24,36,43,64,65, putting-out system 69, 70 82,83 living standards 73, 82, 83 movement 14 Lowlands: growth 66 ports: development 33 potatoes 36, 80 machines 47, 61 pottery trade 46 breaking of 87 poverty 36 manufacturies 13 predestination 54 manufacturing processes: print works 30 inefficiencies 21 market centres 10, 12 railways 8, 34 marriage, first 72 raw materials 42 meat: output 56 recession 33 processing 28 refineries 41 merchants: 53,59,60,61 regional centres 90 urban 13, 22 regions: 1, 27 metal products: exports 40, 41 de-population 81 middle classes 45, 85 development 38 migration 66 east-central 2, 27 minerals: exports 41 religious conflict 68 modernisation: stimuli 53 rentals 56 monarch: birthday celebrations 87 restrictive practices 71, 72 Monkland Canal 34 riots 86, 87 Monklands 34 roads: building 81 Montrose 31, 43 improvement 59 mortality rates 85 Roebuck, John 29 Royal Bank of Scotland 19, 54, 55 nations: wealth 49 rum: imports 41

Index 107

rural economy 15, 18,57,58 townships 80 rural population: emigration 68 trade: 16,19 rural society 56, 78, 79, 80 domestic 43, 44 overseas 23, 39, 40, 46 salt industry 17, 32 with England 40 scientific method 49 with Ireland 40 Scotland: accessibility 50 turnpike trusts 59 geographical position 50 tweed cloth 62 self-improvement 89 service industries 36 Ulster: flax production 42 settlements, developing 65 Union, Act of (1707): 39 sheep farming 81 effects on trade 18, 46, 48 shipbuilding industry 32, 34 universities, Scottish 49 shipping 16, 60 upper classes 45 exports 33 urban growth 24, 45, 64, 85 growth 41 urban society 84 silk gauze 22 slate quarries 81 village, planned 65, 79 smallholdings 79 soap industry 32 wages: 11,24,36,78,83 social tension 68 Lowland towns 45 social order: maintenance 88 men 73 spies, government 89 women 44 statistics 7, 15, 28, 65, 85 water power 49, 52 steam power 52 weavers, handloom 22, 26, 76 Stein, James 31 weaving: 20,21,65 stills, illicit 31 powerioom 26 Stirling 28 West Indies: trade with 41,46 stocking frames 29 whale oil 31 stocking knitters 74 whalebone products 31 stockings, hand-knitted 28, 29 whaling: 47 strikes 78, 88 ships 32 sub-regions 3, 27, 28 whisky distillers 42 sub-tenants 78 whisky drinking 90 sugar: imports 41 production 22 Sunday schools 89 women: strength 74 woollen industry: 10, 17, 19, 22, 28, technology 47,61 32,33,53,61,62 temperance movement 90 mills 28 tenancies 10, 19, 56, 80 work: decline in regions 81 tenants 57, 79 ethic 70, 71 Tennant, Charles 30 patterns 73 textiles: 26 workers: attitudes 68, 88 labour 81 bachelors 83 mills 49 children 72, 75 theft 86 craft 35 thread manufacture 22 skilled 21 timber: imports 50 women 72,73,75,83 tobacco industry 21,22,39,40 workplaces 71 exports 23 imports 60 yam: exports 40