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Systemic Racism, Police Brutality of Black People, and the Use of Violence in Quelling Peaceful Protests in America
SYSTEMIC RACISM, POLICE BRUTALITY OF BLACK PEOPLE, AND THE USE OF VIOLENCE IN QUELLING PEACEFUL PROTESTS IN AMERICA WILLIAMS C. IHEME* “Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter.” —Martin Luther King Jr Abstract: The Trump Administration and its mantra to ‘Make America Great Again’ has been calibrated with racism and severe oppression against Black people in America who still bear the deep marks of slavery. After the official abolition of slavery in the second half of the nineteenth century, the initial inability of Black people to own land, coupled with the various Jim Crow laws rendered the acquired freedom nearly insignificant in the face of poverty and hopelessness. Although the age-long struggles for civil rights and equal treatments have caused the acquisition of more black-letter rights, the systemic racism that still perverts the American justice system has largely disabled these rights: the result is that Black people continue to exist at the periphery of American economy and politics. Using a functional approach and other types of approach to legal and sociological reasoning, this article examines the supportive roles of Corporate America, Mainstream Media, and White Supremacists in winnowing the systemic oppression that manifests largely through police brutality. The article argues that some of the sustainable solutions against these injustices must be tackled from the roots and not through window-dressing legislation, which often harbor the narrow interests of Corporate America. Keywords: Black people, racism, oppression, violence, police brutality, prison, bail, mass incarceration, protests. Summary: 1. INTRODUCTION: SLAVE TRADE AS THE ENTRY POINT OF SYSTEMIC RACISM. -
Murder-Suicide Ruled in Shooting a Homicide-Suicide Label Has Been Pinned on the Deaths Monday Morning of an Estranged St
-* •* J 112th Year, No: 17 ST. JOHNS, MICHIGAN - THURSDAY, AUGUST 17, 1967 2 SECTIONS - 32 PAGES 15 Cents Murder-suicide ruled in shooting A homicide-suicide label has been pinned on the deaths Monday morning of an estranged St. Johns couple whose divorce Victims had become, final less than an hour before the fatal shooting. The victims of the marital tragedy were: *Mrs Alice Shivley, 25, who was shot through the heart with a 45-caliber pistol bullet. •Russell L. Shivley, 32, who shot himself with the same gun minutes after shooting his wife. He died at Clinton Memorial Hospital about 1 1/2 hqurs after the shooting incident. The scene of the tragedy was Mrsy Shivley's home at 211 E. en name, Alice Hackett. Lincoln Street, at the corner Police reconstructed the of Oakland Street and across events this way. Lincoln from the Federal-Mo gul plant. It happened about AFTER LEAVING court in the 11:05 a.m. Monday. divorce hearing Monday morn ing, Mrs Shivley —now Alice POLICE OFFICER Lyle Hackett again—was driven home French said Mr Shivley appar by her mother, Mrs Ruth Pat ently shot himself just as he terson of 1013 1/2 S. Church (French) arrived at the home Street, Police said Mrs Shlv1 in answer to a call about a ley wanted to pick up some shooting phoned in fromtheFed- papers at her Lincoln Street eral-Mogul plant. He found Mr home. Shivley seriously wounded and She got out of the car and lying on the floor of a garage went in the front door* Mrs MRS ALICE SHIVLEY adjacent to -• the i house on the Patterson got out of-'the car east side. -
The Crime and Society Issue
FALL 2020 THE CRIME AND SOCIETY ISSUE Can Academics Such as Paul Butler and Patrick Sharkey Point Us to Better Communities? Michael O’Hear’s Symposium on Violent Crime and Recidivism Bringing Baseless Charges— Darryl Brown’s Counterintuitive Proposal for Progress ALSO INSIDE David Papke on Law and Literature A Blog Recipe Remembering Professor Kossow Princeton’s Professor Georgetown’s Professor 1 MARQUETTE LAWYER FALL 2020 Patrick Sharkey Paul Butler FROM THE DEAN Bringing the National Academy to Milwaukee—and Sending It Back Out On occasion, we have characterized the work of Renowned experts such as Professors Butler and Sharkey Marquette University Law School as bringing the world and the others whom we bring “here” do not claim to have to Milwaukee. We have not meant this as an altogether charted an altogether-clear (let alone easy) path to a better unique claim. For more than a century, local newspapers future for our communities, but we believe that their ideas have brought the daily world here, as have, for decades, and suggestions can advance the discussion in Milwaukee broadcast services and, most recently, the internet. And and elsewhere about finding that better future. many Milwaukee-based businesses, nonprofits, and So we continue to work at bringing the world here, organizations are world-class and world-engaged. even as we pursue other missions. To reverse the phrasing Yet Marquette Law School does some things in this and thereby to state another truth, we bring Wisconsin regard especially well. For example, in 2019 (pre-COVID to the world in issues of this magazine and elsewhere, being the point), about half of our first-year students had not least in the persons of those Marquette lawyers been permanent residents of other states before coming who practice throughout the United States and in many to Milwaukee for law school. -
Facebook As a Reflection of Race- and Gender-Based Narratives Following the Death of George Floyd
social sciences $€ £ ¥ Article Exceptional Injustice: Facebook as a Reflection of Race- and Gender-Based Narratives Following the Death of George Floyd Patricia J Dixon and Lauren Dundes * Department of Sociology, McDaniel College, 2 College Hill, Westminster, MD 21157, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 16 November 2020; Accepted: 8 December 2020; Published: 15 December 2020 Abstract: Following the death of George Floyd, Facebook posts about the Black Lives Matter movement (BLM) surged, creating the opportunity to examine reactions by race and sex. This study employed a two-part mixed methods approach beginning with an analysis of posts from a single college student’s Facebook newsfeed over a 12-week period, commencing on the date of George Floyd’s death (25 May 2020). A triangulation protocol enhanced exploratory observational–archival Facebook posts with qualitative data from 24 Black and White college students queried about their views of BLM and policing. The Facebook data revealed that White males, who were the least active in posting about BLM, were most likely to criticize BLM protests. They also believed incidents of police brutality were exceptions that tainted an otherwise commendable profession. In contrast, Black individuals commonly saw the case of George Floyd as consistent with a longstanding pattern of injustice that takes an emotional toll, and as an egregious exemplification of racism that calls for indictment of the status quo. The exploratory data in this article also illustrate how even for a cause célèbre, attention on Facebook ebbs over time. This phenomenon obscures the urgency of effecting change, especially for persons whose understanding of racism is influenced by its coverage on social media. -
Research Evaluation of the City of Columbus' Response to the 2020
Research Evaluation of the City of Columbus’ Response to the 2020 Summer Protests Trevor L. Brown, Ph.D. Carter M. Stewart, J.D. John Glenn College of Public Affairs, The Ohio State University Table of Contents 1 Overview 5 Executive Summary of Findings and Recommendations 11 Context: Systemic Racism, Policing and Protests 17 Columbus Context and Timeline of Key Events 25 Chapter 1: Citizen-Police Relations and the Protests; Community Member Trauma 32 Chapter 2: City and Columbus Division of Police Leadership and Incident Command 41 Chapter 3: Policy and Training 52 Chapter 4: Officer Wellness and Morale 57 Chapter 5: Mutual Aid 61 Chapter 6: Transparency, Accountability, Public Communication, and Social Media 67 Conclusion 69 Works Cited 80 Appendix A: Recommendations and Findings 92 Appendix B: Research Design, Methods, and Data 99 Appendix C: Columbus Police After Action Review Team 109 Appendix D: List of Acronyms Acknowledgements The research presented in this report benefitted from a diversity of perspectives, backgrounds, disciplinary expertise, and professional experience. In particular, the lead researchers are indebted to the National Police Foundation, the primary subcontractor on this project. The National Police Foundation’s staff, notably Frank Straub and Ben Gorban, harnessed their expertise of policing across the United States and around the globe to ensure that the findings and recommendations aligned with the evolving knowledge base of policing best practice. We are grateful to the array of investigators and interviewers who volunteered their time, energy and expertise to conduct over 170 interviews in the midst of a global pandemic. Our Advisory Board also volunteered their time to guide the research and offer insights from a variety of disciplines that inform the as- sessment of protest behavior and police response. -
|||GET||| When Police Kill 1St Edition
WHEN POLICE KILL 1ST EDITION DOWNLOAD FREE Franklin E Zimring | 9780674972186 | | | | | St. Louis man arrested in fatal shooting of retired police officer David Dorn And third, that he seems to already be in distress. By comparison, only 13 people in the UK died in or following police custody in the closest time period, according to the country's police watchdog. When Police Kill 1st edition homicides ruled justifiable do not capture every police killing, and the FBI's numbers are derided by many human rights groups and news organizations which have collected far higher figures. Floyd was unconscious and pinned beneath three police officers, showing no signs of life. About 55 businesses in the city were burglarized and had property damage that night, city Police Chief John Hayden told reporters last week. Because of the nature of the crimes the individuals commit, we can not allow them to just roam free. June 23 — W. The killer was chased by police but refused to surrender and was shot several times and killed after reportedly threatening police. We are therefore forced to rely on estimates -- but even they paint a stark picture. Seventh — Disturbance reported. He is scheduled to appear in court June Official data is only collected when an officer is charged, but an analysis by CNN affiliate CBC found fatal police encounters between and June 24 — W. One side or the other, please. Officers Thomas Lane and J. Four people, including a minor, are reported to have been arrested since. Thu, Oct 22, June 22 — When Police Kill 1st edition. -
Queens Today
VolumeVol. 66, No.65, 37No. 207 MONDAY,THURSDAY, FEBRUARY JUNE 4, 10, 2020 2020 50¢ Dr. Berenecea Johnson Eanes ‘We can is the interim QUEENS president of York College. turn toward’ Photo courtesy of York College TODAY Community must unite during this FebruaryJUNE 4, 10, 2020 2020 time of turmoil QUEENS COUNCILMEMBER BOB By Berenecea Johnson Eanes, PhD Holden has called for the National Guard to Special to the Eagle be deployed to New York City, but Mayor Bill Three names are on my mind as I write de Blasio said that would be unnecessary. this with a heavy heart: Ahmaud Arbery, Breonna Taylor and George Floyd. “WHEN OUTSIDE ARMED FORCES Three families mourning loved ones go into communities no good comes of it,” de who did not return home. They now join a Blasio said yesterday. “We have seen this for much longer list of Black individuals who decades…They have not been spending de- have been senselessly killed as we yet cades on the relationship between police and again are reminded of the seemingly ines- communities,QUEENS particularly in the intensive way capable presence of racism in its various that it has been worked on in recent years.” forms in our country. These are tragic times, but we do not THE COUNCIL WILL VOTE JUNE 9 have to be limited by these events or in on two police reform bills introduced by the ways we choose to respond to one an- Queens Councilmembers Donovan Richards, other. We must fully center our humanity will have a specific impact on Queens. -
REFORMING POLICING André Douglas Pond Cummings* INTRODUCTION
CUMMINGS, 10 DREXEL L. REV. 573.DOCX (DO NOT DELETE) 6/4/18 9:02 PM REFORMING POLICING andré douglas pond cummings* TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ........................................................................575 I. HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF POLICING IN THE UNITED STATES ...........................................................................578 II. CONNECTING HISTORY WITH CURRENT PRACTICES .........583 III. NATIONWIDE POLICE REFORM EFFORTS FINDING SUCCESS .........................................................................591 A. Policing in a Multiracial Society Project ................591 B. The Use of Force Project ..........................................595 C. Community Policing in Cincinnati ........................597 D. De-escalation Research in Spokane .........................600 IV. REFORMING POLICING ......................................................604 A. Hiring ......................................................................604 B. Training ..................................................................606 C. Retention .................................................................615 D. Reforming Use of Deadly Force Law ......................617 E. De-militarizing Police Forces ..................................622 CONCLUSION ...........................................................................626 APPENDIX A ............................................................................629 APPENDIX B .............................................................................630 * Visiting -
Investigation Report and Recommendations
INVESTIGATION REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS CITY OF AURORA, COLORADO Pursuant to a City Council Resolution Approved July 20, 2020 February 22, 2021 MEMBERS OF THE INDEPENDENT REVIEW PANEL Jonathan Smith Dr. Melissa Costello Roberto Villaseñor TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. REPORT SUMMARY.......................................................................................................1 The Decision to Stop Mr. McClain ......................................................................................2 The Decision to Frisk Mr. McClain .....................................................................................3 The Decision to Arrest Mr. McClain by Physically Restraining and Moving Him ............3 The Decision to Apply Force in Response to the Threat or Perceived Threat that Mr. McClain Reached for an Officer’s Gun ............................................................4 The Application of a Second Carotid Hold when Mr. McClain Was on the Ground ..........5 The Continuous Use of Pain Compliance and the Contrast Between the Officers’ Assertions and Mr. McClain’s Audible Statement ..................................................5 Aurora Fire’s Delay in Treating Mr. McClain and Lack of a Transition Plan ....................6 Aurora Fire’s Diagnosis of Excited Delirium and Administration of Ketamine .................7 The Aurora Police Department’s After-Incident Investigations ..........................................7 Key Recommendations ........................................................................................................8 -
Total People Killed by Concealed Carry Killers May 2007 to the Present
Total People Killed by Concealed Carry Killers May 2007 to the Present The following vignettes describe the circumstances for all killings (private citizen, law enforcement, mass shootings, murder-suicide) not ruled self-defense by private individuals legally allowed to carry concealed handguns. The descriptions include the current, known status of any charges filed against the concealed carry killer as reported by news sources as well as noting instances where the perpetrator committed suicide. The Violence Policy Center welcomes any new information regarding the status of any case (with verifiable source(s)). Use this link to contact the VPC: http://www.vpc.org/contact.htm. Alabama Concealed Handgun Permit Holder: Unidentified UNINTENTIONAL Date: November 14, 2018 People Killed: 1 Circumstances: On November 14, 2018, two-year-old Ke’Anthony Jelks, Jr. found his father’s gun and unintentionally shot himself in the face. He was pronounced dead at the scene. Ke’Anthony’s father had a concealed carry permit. According to Ke’Anthony’s great-grandmother, “The father had just gotten off work. And probably just set the gun somewhere, and like I said, children look around and play with stuff. And that just probably happened to fall in his eyesight. And he got it.” Sources: “Two-year-old toddler dies after he found father’s loaded weapon and accidentally shot himself in the face,” meaww.com, November 16, 2018. Alabama Concealed Handgun Permit Holder: Dalton Martin Jowers PENDING Date: June 10, 2017 People Killed: 1 Circumstances: On June 10, 2017, concealed handgun permit holder Dalton Martin Jowers, 19, allegedly shot and killed Lauren Wright, 17, outside a home where Wright was visiting friends. -
The Capitol Riot, Racism and the Future of American Democracy
American University National Security Law Brief Volume 11 Issue 2 Article 2 2021 The Capitol Riot, Racism and the Future of American Democracy Ryan T. Williams Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/nslb Part of the National Security Law Commons Recommended Citation Ryan T. Williams "The Capitol Riot, Racism and the Future of American Democracy," American University National Security Law Brief, Vol. 11, No. 2 (2021). Available at: https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/nslb/vol11/iss2/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in American University National Security Law Brief by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Capitol Riot, Racism and the Future of American Democracy Ryan T. Williams* ABSTRACT The Capitol Riot in Washington D.C. was a coup attempt intending to upend American democracy. Although the attempted coup was ultimately unsuccessful, it remains a matter of ongoing concern. The socioeconomic and political factors that lead to the coup, namely the ever-broadening gap between the rich and poor in America, along racial lines, massive unemployment leftover from a worldwide pandemic, and social unrest and discord, still exist. History has shown when these factors are present—democracies fail. This Article examines the current, precarious state of American democracy, starting with unsettling comparisons to 1930’s Germany and concluding with an examination of famed historian Juan Linz’s Litmus test for a healthy democracy. -
(No. ) –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
1 THE HONORABLE ___________________ 2 3 4 5 6 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON AT SEATTLE 8 9 BLACK LIVES MATTER SEATTLE- No. _____________ KING COUNTY, ABIE EKENEZAR, 10 SHARON SAKAMOTO, MURACO COMPLAINT KYASHNA-TOCHA, ALEXANDER 11 WOLDEAB, NATHALIE GRAHAM, AND ALEXANDRA CHEN, 12 Plaintiffs, 13 v. 14 CITY OF SEATTLE, 15 Defendant. 16 17 18 Plaintiffs Black Lives Matter Seattle-King County, Abie Ekenezar, Sharon Sakamoto, 19 Muraco Kyashna-tochá, Alexander Woldeab, Nathalie Graham, and Alexandra Chen submit this 20 Complaint against Defendant City of Seattle and allege as follows:1 21 I. INTRODUCTION 22 1. This case is about the policy, practice, and custom of the City of Seattle (the 23 “City”) to allow the Seattle Police Department (“SPD”) to deploy unnecessary violence against 24 peaceful demonstrators who are speaking out against discriminatory police brutality. 25 1 The articles, pictures, videos, and other online sources cited in this Complaint are best 26 accessed by copying and pasting the cited links into a web browser. Perkins Coie LLP COMPLAINT (No. ) –1 1201 Third Avenue, Suite 4900 Seattle, WA 98101-3099 Phone: 206.359.8000 148463513.5 Fax: 206.359.9000 1 2. Notably, Seattle Mayor Jenny Durkan and SPD Chief Carmen Best have 2 “apologized for instances in which they said officers may have failed to deescalate tense 3 moments, used disproportionate force against demonstrators and deployed less-than-lethal 4 weapons too quickly.”2 Plaintiffs seek injunctive relief because their apologies have not 5 prevented and will not prevent the City’s ongoing violation of plaintiffs’ constitutional rights.