DOCSLIB.ORG

The Global Dimensions of Britain and France's Crimean War Naval Campaigns Against Russia, 1854-1856

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Global Dimensions of Britain and France's Crimean War Naval Campaigns Against Russia, 1854-1856 The Global Dimensions of Britain and France’s Crimean War Naval Campaigns against Russia, 1854-1856. Andrew C. Rath Department of History McGill University, Montreal November 2011 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. © Andrew C. Rath, 2011 I Abstract The Crimean War was fought far outside its namesake peninsula in the Black Sea Region. Between 1854 and 1856, Anglo-French naval forces attacked the Russian Empire in the Baltic, White Sea, and Pacific. These campaigns receive little attention from modern historians, and much of the work that does exist relies on a limited number of English-language sources. This dissertation, on the other hand, is a comprehensive examination of these campaigns built on a foundation of primary documents written in English, French, and Russian. It also synthesizes relevant secondary scholarship in order to provide a comprehensive background for the three major European belligerents and to consider the perspectives of the other polities impacted by the conflict, specifically Sweden-Norway, Denmark, China, and Japan. This work’s approach yields a more complete understanding of the worldwide context in which the Crimean War occurred. Ultimately, the wide-ranging imperial conflict that emerges starkly contrasts with customary depictions of the conflict as a petty, regionalized example noteworthy only as a cautionary tale of failed diplomacy and generalship or as a venue for advances is battlefield medicine, journalism, and photography. La Guerre de Crimée se déroula aussi hors de sa péninsule éponyme dans la région de la Mer Noire. Entre 1854 et 1856, des forces franco-britanniques attaquèrent l’Empire Russe dans la Mer Baltique, la Mer Blanche, ainsi que dans l’Océan Pacifique. Ces campagnes ont reçu peu d’attention de la part des historiens des temps modernes, et la majorité de ces effort se basent seulement sur des sources anglaises. Au contraire, ce mémoire contient une analyse exhaustive de ces campagnes se basant sur des documents originaux anglais, français et russes. Il synthétise les études modernes dans le but d’offrir un arrière-plan complet pour les trois grandes puissances européennes, ainsi que dans le but de considérer les perspectives des autres puissances impactées par le conflit, en particulier la Suède-Norvège, le Danemark, la Chine et le Japon. L’approche de cette étude offre une compréhension exhaustive du contexte mondial dans lequel la Guerre de Crimée se déroula. Finalement, le conflit impérial de grande envergure qui émerge s’oppose aux présentations usuelles du conflit comme étant un insignifiant exemple régional de note seulement comme un avertissement d’une diplomatie et d’une stratégie échouée, ou simplement comme une avenue pour des progrès dans la médecine de guerre, le journalisme ainsi que la photographie. II Acknowledgements This work is the product of the combined expertise and efforts of a large team. Special thanks are due to the author’s doctoral supervisor Professor Valentin Boss and his wife, Ms. Militsa Krivokapich-Boss. Their current and former colleagues in the Department of History at McGill University also gave generously of their time and expertise. In addition to recognizing Drs. Carman Miller and John Zucchi at McGill, the author especially wishes to acknowledge the assistance generously provided by Ms. Susanne Pastuschek and Dr. Craig Rath. Dr. Brian Farrell (National University of Singapore), Dr. Barry Gough (Wilfred Laurier University and the Royal Military College of Canada), Dr. David Goldfrank (Georgetown University), Dr. Ann Saab (University of North Carolina at Greensboro), Dr. Sarah Paine (United States Naval War College), and Dr. Ian Stone (Scott Polar Research Institute at the University of Cambridge) all gave generously of their time as well. Assembling and interpreting a wide range of sources in English, French, Russian, German, and Swedish would not have been possible without the linguistic acumen of Sven Carlsson (Swedish); Natalia Goldchteine, Natalia Evdokimova, Ekaterina Filippova, Mark Conrad, Maria Hristova, and Darya Ivashniova (Russian); Johanna Beil (German); Daniel and Azusa Lachapelle Lemire (Japanese); and Celeste Lordet, and Sarah Limoges (French). The author is also grateful for the efforts of McGill’s Interlibrary Loan Service and Ms. Tatiana Bedjanian as well as the financial assistance provided by the United Kingdom Society for Nautical Research. The staffs of the United Kingdom National Maritime Museum and National Archives in Greater London and the Service Historique de la Défense at Vincinnes were extremely helpful. A great deal of credit is also due to Mr. Guy Hannaford of the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office, Professor Andrew Lambert of King’s College (London), Dr. Ruslan Davydov of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and Dr. Michèle Battesti of the French Institut de Recherche Stratégique de l'École Militaire, or IRSEM. The inevitable typographic errors are the sole responsibility of the author. Table of Contents Abstract I Acknowledgements II Introduction and Notes 2-8 Literature Review 9-24 1. Historical and Resource Background 25-43 2. Political Background 44-75 3. Strategy and Pre-War Planning 76-112 4. War in the Baltic, 1854 113-155 5. Campaigns in the White Sea, 1854-1855 156-188 6. The Crimean War in the Pacific, 1854 189-230 7. Campaigns in the Baltic and Pacific, 1855 231-264 Conclusion 265-273 References 274-294 2 Introduction More Than A Crimean War The Crimean War was fought far from its namesake peninsula in what is now Ukraine. Between 1854 and 1856, British and French forces attacked Czarist Russia in the Baltic, White Sea, and Pacific Ocean. The latter two campaigns receive little attention from modern historians, and much of the work that does exist relies primarily or even exclusively on British archival sources. When it comes to understanding a multifaceted conflict, such a concentration is “excessively partial and limited.”1 Fortunately, the pioneering works of area specialists and maritime historians have provided detailed analyses of the struggle for control of the Baltic between 1854 and 1856. Yet even those efforts have not adequately shaped our understanding of the conflict. As recently as 2004, the then-British Ambassador to Finland “pointed out that Finland was well over a thousand miles north of the Crimea” when the war’s sesquicentennial celebrations in Helsinki were first mentioned by a colleague.2 The Crimean War was not the type of ‘World War’ seen in the eighteenth, early nineteenth, or twentieth centuries. The Seven Years’ and Napoleonic Wars involved more extensive areas and many more belligerents in naval and land warfare “far more intense and prolonged” than anything seen between 1854 and 1856.3 Anglo-French campaigns against Russia in East Asia were not even the “First Pacific War” featured in the title of the only modern English-language monograph on the subject.4 The complexity of hostilities outside the Crimean Peninsula, though, illuminates the most appropriate method for examining the struggle. Considering the wide range of powers and issues ultimately demonstrates that the Crimean War was much more than a few battles and a siege in southern Ukraine. Events in the Baltic, White 1 Grainger, John D. The First Pacific War: Britain and Russia, 1854-1856. (Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press, 2008), IX. 2 Kirk, Matthew. “Crimea in Finland: Her Majesty's Ambassador to Finland, Matthew Kirk, Describes the Impact of the Crimean War on That Country and How It Is Being Commemorated.” History Today, Vol. 54, No. 8 (August, 2004). Pgs. 3-4. 3 Fletcher, Ian and Natalia Ishchenko. The Crimean War: A Clash of Empires. (Staplehurst, UK: Spellmount, 2004), XI. 4 Grainger, John D. The First Pacific War: Britain and Russia, 1854-1856. (Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press, 2008). A Russian work, Zavrazhnov, Yuri. [Russian-language]. Forget The Admiral: A Historical Reflection with Investigation. (Petropavlovsk, Russia: Novaia Kniga, 2005), also claims on its first page that the struggle “was the first world war.” 3 Sea, and Pacific instead mattered both in terms of understanding the conflict and its impact, which extended far beyond the narrow terms codified by the 1856 Treaty of Paris. The prevailing scholarly view that the Crimean Peninsula and Black Sea “was certainly the most important theatre of war where the military decision was to be forced” is not incorrect, but is rather incomplete.5 De facto chief Allied strategist Sir James Graham, for one, never intended the assault on Sevastopol to be a siege at all, and instead called for a grand raid to precede a “more important spring campaign in the Baltic.”6 As British Foreign Secretary Lord Clarendon put it, the “object of the expedition…should be…to finish the Eastern question in the Euxine (Black Sea) before the Baltic opens & we can pay a visit to Cronstadt.”7 Although a credible naval threat to the Russian Imperial Capital at St. Petersburg only materialized in 1856, by that point it was accompanied by mounting fiscal difficulties, a deteriorating diplomatic position, and an inadequate economic base. These reasons, rather than the loss of the peripheral Sevastopol fortress in September of 1855, prompted Czar Alexander II and his advisors to sue for peace. The multiplicity of factors contributing to the Russian Empire’s capitulation demands a comparative examination of all the Crimean conflict’s theaters, as well as the political and economic context that framed this imperial struggle. Mid-nineteenth century conflict among the French, British, and Czarist empires was a seminal moment in a protracted competition for influence in the Baltic Region. Relations among these belligerents were further complicated by the involvement of neutral Sweden-Norway and Denmark, as well as the dynamics of Russia’s relationship with subject groups including Finns and Lapps. The interests of other neutral powers including Prussia and the Hapsburg Empire also came into play, but are already discussed at length in other, diplomatic histories of the conflict.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Histoire Des Techniques
    Histoire des techniques L’histoire des techniques est l’étude de toutes les réalisations techniques de l’Homme, de leur contexte d’apparition comme de leur impact sur la société. Les techniques répondent à des intentions, des projets et leur histoire est intimement liée à l’évolution des sociétés humaines comme à leurs besoins. Elle a toujours précédé, et cela jusqu’à peu (vers le milieu du XIX siècle), l’histoire des sciences. Ce n’est que très récemment, que les sciences ont permis de faire progresser les techniques. Histoire de l’Energie A l’origine, la notion d'énergie était liée à celle de force agissante capable de modifier un état préexistant- la force qui permet de déplacer un poids vers le haut, de bander un arc, de tirer une charrue. Elle ne pouvait provenir que du muscle humain ou animal. Les peuples de la mer furent les premiers à utiliser l'énergie du vent pour mouvoir les navires et, plus tard, les ailes des moulins à vent. Puis, l'homme découvrit la force de l'eau des rivières pour faire fonctionner les moulins à eau. Ce furent là ses principales sources d'énergie motrice jusqu'à la fin du XVIIIe s. Parallèlement, l'homme utilisait le feu et le bois pour se chauffer, travailler les métaux, etc., sans se rendre compte qu'il s'agissait là aussi d'énergie. Ce n'est qu'au début du XVIIIe s, avec l'apparition de la machine à vapeur, qu'on découvrit expérimentalement (Joule le prouvera 150 ans plus tard) que la chaleur peut produire de la force motrice, dans des quantités plus abondantes et à des coûts moindres que le muscle, le vent ou les chutes d'eau, et cela, malgré les faibles rendements (moins de 10 %) de la conversion.
    [Show full text]
  • Asian Affairs
    Georgetown Journal of ASIAN AFFAIRS POLICY FORUM Water Security in South Asia: Between State and Society Preparing for Pan-Epidemics of Urban Yellow Majed Akhter Fever Daniel Lucey Transboundary Haze and Human Security in Southeast Asia The Strategic and Tactical Implications of ISIS Helena Varkkey on Southeast Asia’s Militant Groups Zachary Abuza Japan’s Defense Strategy in Graying Asia Jennifer Dabbs Sciubba Maritime Security Deficits and International Cooperation: Illegal Fishing and Maritime Migration for Human Security? The Contribution Piracy in Southeast Asia of Translocality to Social Resilience Derek Reveron Harald Sterly, Kayly Ober & Patrick Sakdapolrak Securing or Securitizing? Human Security in Asia with an introduction by Mely Caballero-Anthony Published by the Asian Studies Program in the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service Georgetown Journal of ASIAN AFFAIRS Vol. 3 | No. 1 | Fall 2016 The Georgetown Journal of Asian Affairs is the flagship scholarly publication of the Asian Studies Program housed within the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. Established in 2014, the Journal aims to provide a forum for schol- ars and practitioners in the field of Asian affairs to exchange ideas and publish research that further the understanding of the world’s largest and most populous continent. The views expressed in this issue do not necessarily reflect those of the Journal ’s editors and advisors, the Asian Studies Program, the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, or Georgetown University.
    [Show full text]
  • Enterprise Report Restoring Liberty, Opportunity, and Enterprise in America
    Issue No. 1, Winter 2016 Enterprise Report Restoring Liberty, Opportunity, and Enterprise in America Security and Free Enterprise at Home and Abroad By AEI President Arthur Brooks AEI Chairman Tully Friedman, my colleagues Michael Auslin and Daniel Blumenthal, and I recently returned from a trip to Singapore and Tokyo. We met with a variety of government and business leaders and exchanged ideas about free enterprise, entrepreneurship, and security. We also had the honor of meeting with the prime minister of Singapore and the prime minister of Japan. Japan is not only one of America’s most important allies but also the oldest democracy in Asia. It plays a pivotal role in maintaining stability in the region, particularly in the face of Chinese aggrandizement. Japan’s security is of prime importance to the United States, and American leadership in the region is crucial. Regrettably, despite an increasingly brazen China and a volatile North Korea, we are not hearing much from today’s presidential candidates about how to maintain regional stability. A major new AEI report tackles these issues head-on, along with a revanchist Russia and the ruthless Islamic State. Titled Why American Leader- ship Still Matters and developed through a bipartisan effort led by former Sens. Jon Kyl and Joseph Lieberman, the report explains why the world needs more—not less—leadership from the United States. See page 3 for more on this report. While in Singapore, I had the opportunity to speak with students at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy. I focused on the message that capitalism is the best way to help the poorest among us.
    [Show full text]
  • ECE 3410: Introduction the History of Electronics
    ECE 3410: Introduction The History of Electronics Chris Winstead Utah State University Spring 2016 What is \Electronics"? Linear Electrical Circuits: Comprised of R, L, C and ideal amplifiers Modeled by linear equations (matrices, ODEs, transforms) Electronic Circuits and Systems: Comprised of diodes, transistors and otherp complex devices. Modeled by non-linear equations (ex , x 2, x). Typical signal behaviors: rectification, amplification, modulation Analyzed through linearization, iterative calculations and simulators. Chris Winstead (USU) History of Electronics Spring 2016 2 / 97 What is \Electronics"? Linear Electrical Circuits: Comprised of R, L, C and ideal amplifiers Modeled by linear equations (matrices, ODEs, transforms) Electronic Circuits and Systems: Comprised of diodes, transistors and otherp complex devices. Modeled by non-linear equations (ex , x 2, x). Typical signal behaviors: rectification, amplification, modulation Analyzed through linearization, iterative calculations and simulators. Chris Winstead (USU) History of Electronics Spring 2016 2 / 97 What is \Electronics"? Linear Electrical Circuits: Comprised of R, L, C and ideal amplifiers Modeled by linear equations (matrices, ODEs, transforms) Electronic Circuits and Systems: Comprised of diodes, transistors and otherp complex devices. Modeled by non-linear equations (ex , x 2, x). Typical signal behaviors: rectification, amplification, modulation Analyzed through linearization, iterative calculations and simulators. Chris Winstead (USU) History of Electronics Spring 2016 2 / 97 What is \Electronics"? Linear Electrical Circuits: Comprised of R, L, C and ideal amplifiers Modeled by linear equations (matrices, ODEs, transforms) Electronic Circuits and Systems: Comprised of diodes, transistors and otherp complex devices. Modeled by non-linear equations (ex , x 2, x). Typical signal behaviors: rectification, amplification, modulation Analyzed through linearization, iterative calculations and simulators.
    [Show full text]
  • Rebalancing to the Asia–Pacific Region and Implications for U.S
    i [H.A.S.C. No. 113–49] REBALANCING TO THE ASIA–PACIFIC REGION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED THIRTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION HEARING HELD JULY 24, 2013 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 82–464 WASHINGTON : 2014 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, http://bookstore.gpo.gov. For more information, contact the GPO Customer Contact Center, U.S. Government Printing Office. Phone 202–512–1800, or 866–512–1800 (toll-free). E-mail, [email protected]. COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES ONE HUNDRED THIRTEENTH CONGRESS HOWARD P. ‘‘BUCK’’ MCKEON, California, Chairman MAC THORNBERRY, Texas ADAM SMITH, Washington WALTER B. JONES, North Carolina LORETTA SANCHEZ, California J. RANDY FORBES, Virginia MIKE MCINTYRE, North Carolina JEFF MILLER, Florida ROBERT A. BRADY, Pennsylvania JOE WILSON, South Carolina ROBERT E. ANDREWS, New Jersey FRANK A. LOBIONDO, New Jersey SUSAN A. DAVIS, California ROB BISHOP, Utah JAMES R. LANGEVIN, Rhode Island MICHAEL R. TURNER, Ohio RICK LARSEN, Washington JOHN KLINE, Minnesota JIM COOPER, Tennessee MIKE ROGERS, Alabama MADELEINE Z. BORDALLO, Guam TRENT FRANKS, Arizona JOE COURTNEY, Connecticut BILL SHUSTER, Pennsylvania DAVID LOEBSACK, Iowa K. MICHAEL CONAWAY, Texas NIKI TSONGAS, Massachusetts DOUG LAMBORN, Colorado JOHN GARAMENDI, California ROBERT J. WITTMAN, Virginia HENRY C. ‘‘HANK’’ JOHNSON, JR., Georgia DUNCAN HUNTER, California COLLEEN W. HANABUSA, Hawaii JOHN FLEMING, Louisiana JACKIE SPEIER, California MIKE COFFMAN, Colorado RON BARBER, Arizona E. SCOTT RIGELL, Virginia ANDRE´ CARSON, Indiana CHRISTOPHER P. GIBSON, New York CAROL SHEA-PORTER, New Hampshire VICKY HARTZLER, Missouri DANIEL B. MAFFEI, New York JOSEPH J.
    [Show full text]
  • Types of Banks in India and Their Functions
    IBPS PO 2014 BANKING AWARENESS NOTES Bank Rate : 9.0% Repo Rate : 8.0% Reverse Repo Rate : 7.0% Marginal Standing Facility Rate : 9.0% CRR : 4% SLR : 22% Base Rate : 10.00% - 10.25% Savings Deposit Rate : 4.00% Term Deposit Rate : 8.00% - 9.05% 91 day T-bills : 8.5201 % 182 day T-bills : 8.6613% 364 day T-bills : 8.6485 % 364 day T-bills : 8.6485 % Call Rates : 4.00% - 8.70% (ONE BANK FROM ANOTHER BANK) AS ON 02ND OCT.2014 Types of Banks in India and their functions Reserve Bank of India: RBI is the Central Bank of India, which acts as a banker to the government It is also called as ―Bankers bank‖, because all banks will have accounts with RBI. It provides funds to all banks hence it is called as BANKERS BANK RBI was established by an act of Parliament in 1934 It has four zonal offices at Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai and Delhi and 19 regional offices Current Governor: Dr. Raghuram Rajan Deputy Governors: H R Khan, Dr Urjit Patel, R Gandhi and S S Mundra Head office: Mumbai Functions: Issues currency notes Acts as bankers bank Maintain foreign exchange reserves Maintains CRR and SLR Its affairs are regulated by 21-member central board of directors: Governor (Dr. Raghuram Rajan), 4 deputy Governors, 2 Finance Ministry representatives, 10 Government-nominates directors,4 directors to represent local boards Scheduled Commercial Banks: Scheduled Commercial banks are State Bank of India and its associates (State bank of India has got 7 subsidiaries they are State bank of Hyderabad, State bank of Mysore, State bank of Travancore, State bank of Indore,
    [Show full text]
  • Static GK Capsule 2017
    AC Static GK Capsule 2017 Hello Dear AC Aspirants, Here we are providing best AC Static GK Capsule2017 keeping in mind of upcoming Competitive exams which cover General Awareness section . PLS find out the links of AffairsCloud Exam Capsule and also study the AC monthly capsules + pocket capsules which cover almost all questions of GA section. All the best for upcoming Exams with regards from AC Team. AC Static GK Capsule Static GK Capsule Contents SUPERLATIVES (WORLD & INDIA) ...................................................................................................................... 2 FIRST EVER(WORLD & INDIA) .............................................................................................................................. 5 WORLD GEOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................................ 9 INDIA GEOGRAPHY.................................................................................................................................................. 14 INDIAN POLITY ......................................................................................................................................................... 32 INDIAN CULTURE ..................................................................................................................................................... 36 SPORTS .......................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Project Aneurin
    The Aneurin Great War Project: Timeline Part 6 - The Georgian Wars, 1764 to 1815 Copyright Notice: This material was written and published in Wales by Derek J. Smith (Chartered Engineer). It forms part of a multifile e-learning resource, and subject only to acknowledging Derek J. Smith's rights under international copyright law to be identified as author may be freely downloaded and printed off in single complete copies solely for the purposes of private study and/or review. Commercial exploitation rights are reserved. The remote hyperlinks have been selected for the academic appropriacy of their contents; they were free of offensive and litigious content when selected, and will be periodically checked to have remained so. Copyright © 2013-2021, Derek J. Smith. First published 09:00 BST 30th May 2013. This version 09:00 GMT 20th January 2021 [BUT UNDER CONSTANT EXTENSION AND CORRECTION, SO CHECK AGAIN SOON] This timeline supports the Aneurin series of interdisciplinary scientific reflections on why the Great War failed so singularly in its bid to be The War to End all Wars. It presents actual or best-guess historical event and introduces theoretical issues of cognitive science as they become relevant. UPWARD Author's Home Page Project Aneurin, Scope and Aims Master References List BACKWARD IN TIME Part 1 - (Ape)men at War, Prehistory to 730 Part 2 - Royal Wars (Without Gunpowder), 731 to 1272 Part 3 - Royal Wars (With Gunpowder), 1273-1602 Part 4 - The Religious Civil Wars, 1603-1661 Part 5 - Imperial Wars, 1662-1763 FORWARD IN TIME Part
    [Show full text]
  • Iaj 10-1 (2019)
    Vol. 10 No. 1 2019 Arthur D. Simons Center for Interagency Cooperation, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas FEATURES | 1 About The Simons Center The Arthur D. Simons Center for Interagency Cooperation is a major program of the Command and General Staff College Foundation, Inc. The Simons Center is committed to the development of military leaders with interagency operational skills and an interagency body of knowledge that facilitates broader and more effective cooperation and policy implementation. About the CGSC Foundation The Command and General Staff College Foundation, Inc., was established on December 28, 2005 as a tax-exempt, non-profit educational foundation that provides resources and support to the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in the development of tomorrow’s military leaders. The CGSC Foundation helps to advance the profession of military art and science by promoting the welfare and enhancing the prestigious educational programs of the CGSC. The CGSC Foundation supports the College’s many areas of focus by providing financial and research support for major programs such as the Simons Center, symposia, conferences, and lectures, as well as funding and organizing community outreach activities that help connect the American public to their Army. All Simons Center works are published by the “CGSC Foundation Press.” The CGSC Foundation is an equal opportunity provider. InterAgency Journal Vol. 10, No. 1 (2019) FEATURES Arthur D. Simons Center 3 Japan’s Security Strategy and for Interagency Cooperation Its Impact on U.S. National Security Interests The Lewis and Clark Center Sung K. Hyong and David A. Anderson 100 Stimson Ave., Suite 1149 Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 66027 Ph: 913-682-7244 • Fax: 913-682-7247 Email: [email protected] 34 Employing Maritime Security Response Teams www.TheSimonsCenter.org as the Nation’s Maritime Crisis Response Force Christjan C.
    [Show full text]
  • The Vital Role of Government-Collected Data
    ECONOMIC FACTS | MARCH 2017 “In Order That They Might Rest Their Arguments on Facts”: The Vital Role of Government-Collected Data Nicholas Eberstadt, Ryan Nunn, Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach, and Michael R. Strain WWW.HAMILTONPROJECT.ORG WWW.AEI.ORG ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors are grateful to numerous authors’ conference participants as well as Lauren Bauer, Sandra Black, David Dreyer, Joy Fox, Kriston McIntosh, and David Wessel for insightful comments. They are particularly grateful to Megan Mumford for her contributions throughout the paper. The authors are also grateful to Audrey Breitwieser, Wendy Morrison, Gregory Nantz, and William Pratt for excellent research assistance. THE HAMILTON PROJECT MISSION STATEMENT AEI MISSION STATEMENT The Hamilton Project seeks to advance America’s promise of The American Enterprise Institute is a public policy research opportunity, prosperity, and growth. The Project’s economic institute dedicated to defending human dignity, expanding strategy reflects a judgment that long-term prosperity is best human potential, and building a freer and safer world. The achieved by fostering economic growth and broad participation work of our scholars and staff advances ideas rooted in our in that growth, by enhancing individual economic security, belief in democracy, free enterprise, American strength and and by embracing a role for effective government in making global leadership, solidarity with those at the periphery of needed public investments. We believe that today’s increasingly our society, and a pluralistic, entrepreneurial culture. We are competitive global economy requires public policy ideas committed to making the intellectual, moral, and practical commensurate with the challenges of the 21st century. Our case for expanding freedom, increasing individual opportunity, strategy calls for combining increased public investments in key and strengthening the free enterprise system in America and growth-enhancing areas, a secure social safety net, and fiscal around the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Conference Programme
    28/10/10 CF PREVIEW PROGRAMME JAPAN: INCREASING ITS GLOBAL ROLE? Monday 1 – Thursday 4 November 2010 1063rd WILTON PARK CONFERENCE in co-operation with The Foreign and Commonwealth Office The Japan Foundation The Great-Britain Sasakawa Foundation Key themes: How are Japan’s international priorities developing after a year under the DPJ? Faced with internal difficulties linked to its economic sustainability, Japan can either try to insulate itself from external challenges and engage with the outside world only on its own terms, or it can become more outward looking but will then need to confront a series of difficult choices linked to dramatic power shifts in Asia. Does Japan want to engage or contain China? Does it want to cling to or break from the US? Does it want to open up its economy and society to foreign investment and immigration? How does Japan see its role and responsibilities in the international community? How best can Japan contribute to shared challenges such as global economic security, climate change, peacekeeping, development, and reform of international institutions? Where can Western democracies and regional actors gain value in working more closely with Japan, and what are the best strategies for achieving greater cooperation for mutual benefit? Conference objectives: The discussion on Japan’s global role will provide an early opportunity for the new British Government, as well as policy makers from Europe and the wider world, to engage with opinion formers from Japan, itself under a relatively new administration and facing serious questions about the future focus of its international engagement. The conference aims to forge greater understanding and contacts between Japan and its allies, and also to inform and encourage the development of strategies for greater cooperation with Japan on key global challenges.
    [Show full text]
  • Michael Auslin, Director of Japan Studies at the American Enterprise
    MICHAEL R. AUSLIN, PhD Michael Auslin is a columnist for the Wall Street Journal, writing about Asia and global security. He is also a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research in Washington, D.C., where he is concurrently a Resident Scholar in Asian Studies and the Director of Japan Studies. He specializes in U.S. defense and foreign policy, security and political relations in the Indo-Pacific region, and global airpower and maritime issues. Dr. Auslin was Associate Professor of History at Yale University prior to joining AEI. He also has been a visiting professor at the University of Tokyo. He received the Nakasone Yasuhiro Award for Excellence in 2010, and has been named a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum, a Marshall Memorial Fellow by the German Marshall Fund, and an Asia 21 Fellow by the Asia Society, in addition to being a former Fulbright and Japan Foundation Scholar. Dr. Auslin is a prolific author and his books include the new release, Pacific Cosmopolitans: A Cultural History of U.S.-Japan Relations (Harvard University Press, 2011). In addition to his Wall Street Journal column, his writing appears in leading publications and he comments regularly for U.S. and foreign broadcast media, including BBC and Fox News. He is currently writing a book entitled Pivotal: How America’s Turn to Asia Will Shape the Future. He received a BSc from Georgetown University’s School of Foreign Service and his PhD in History from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He lives outside of Washington, D.C., with his family.
    [Show full text]