IBPS PO 2014 BANKING AWARENESS NOTES
Bank Rate : 9.0% Repo Rate : 8.0% Reverse Repo Rate : 7.0% Marginal Standing Facility Rate : 9.0% CRR : 4% SLR : 22% Base Rate : 10.00% - 10.25% Savings Deposit Rate : 4.00% Term Deposit Rate : 8.00% - 9.05% 91 day T-bills : 8.5201 % 182 day T-bills : 8.6613% 364 day T-bills : 8.6485 % 364 day T-bills : 8.6485 % Call Rates : 4.00% - 8.70% (ONE BANK FROM ANOTHER BANK) AS ON 02ND OCT.2014
Types of Banks in India and their functions
Reserve Bank of India: RBI is the Central Bank of India, which acts as a banker to the government It is also called as ―Bankers bank‖, because all banks will have accounts with RBI. It provides funds to all banks hence it is called as BANKERS BANK RBI was established by an act of Parliament in 1934 It has four zonal offices at Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai and Delhi and 19 regional offices Current Governor: Dr. Raghuram Rajan Deputy Governors: H R Khan, Dr Urjit Patel, R Gandhi and S S Mundra Head office: Mumbai Functions: Issues currency notes Acts as bankers bank Maintain foreign exchange reserves Maintains CRR and SLR Its affairs are regulated by 21-member central board of directors: Governor (Dr. Raghuram Rajan), 4 deputy Governors, 2 Finance Ministry representatives, 10 Government-nominates directors,4 directors to represent local boards Scheduled Commercial Banks: Scheduled Commercial banks are State Bank of India and its associates (State bank of India has got 7 subsidiaries they are State bank of Hyderabad, State bank of Mysore, State bank of Travancore, State bank of Indore, State bank of Sourashtra, State bank of Bikaneer, State bank of Jaipur Nationalized Banks
Private Sector Banks Regional Rural Banks Urban Cooperative Banks State Cooperative Banks Public Sector Banks: State Bank of India and associate banks + 20 nationalized banks are called public sector banks Nationalized Banks: Nationalized banks are the banks which are owned and run by government of India There are total of 20 nationalized banks In 1969, 14 banks were nationalized In 1980, 6 banks were nationalized Nationalized banks are Allahabad bank, Andhra bank, Bank of Baroda, Bank of India, Bhartiya Mahila bank, Canara bank, Central Bank of India, Corporation bank, Dena bank, IDBI bank, Indian bank, Indian Overseas bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Punjab National bank, Punjab & Sind bank, Syndicate bank, UCO bank, Union bank of India, United bank of India, Vijaya bank Private Banks: Private Banks are the banks which are owned and run by individuals Private banks are split into two groups by financial regulators in India they are Old Private sector banks: The banks which were not nationalized at the time of bank nationalization that took place during 1969 and 1980 are known as old private sector banks. New Private Sector Banks: Banks which came in operation after 1991, with the introduction of economic and financial sectors reforms are called ―new private-sector banks‖ These banks were formed as per RBI guidelines 1993 These banks should have a minimum net worth of Rs.200 Crores The promoters holding should be a minimum of 25% of the paid-up capital Within 3 years of the starting of the operations, the bank should offer shares to public and their net worth must increased to 300 Crores. New private-sector banks in India are Axis Bank, Bank of Punjab, Centurian Bank, Development Credit Bank, SBI Bank, ICICI Bank, IndusInd Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank, Yes Bank, Times Bank (Merged with HDFC Bank Ltd.), Global Trust Bank (Merged with Oriental Bank of Commerce), Balaji Corporation Bank Limited Foreign Banks: Banks which are foreign originated are called foreign banks Regional Rural Banks (RRB’S) Regional rural banks were established on 26th September, 1975 RRB‘S comes under scheduled commercial banks Main aim of RRBs is financial resources for rural/semi-urban areas and providing loans to small and marginal farmers, agricultural labourers and rural artisans. RRB works under supervision of NABARD (National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development) Functions of RRBs: Providing banking facilities to rural and semi-urban areas Carrying out government operations like disbursement of wages of MGNREGA workers, distribution of pensions etc. Providing Para-Banking facilities like locker facilities and credit cards Share Capital in RRB’s: Central Government: 50% Sponsored bank: 35%
State government: 15% Co-operative Banks: The main purpose of co-operative banks is to co-operate small scale industries, and to provide small loans Industrial Banks: The main purpose of Industrial banks is provide big loans to large scale industries, Some of the Industrial banks are IDBI bank, Industrial bank of India etc.
STRUCTURE OF BANKS IN INDIA
NABARD
Head Quarters: Mumbai Established on: 12 July, 1982 Chairman: Dr. Harsh kumar Bhanwala NABARD completed its 25 years on 12 July, 2007 NABARD is active in developing Financial Inclusion It is India‘s specialized bank developed by Shivaramans committee to provide credit in rural areas. It replaced the Agricultural Credit Department (ACD) and Rural Planning and Credit Cell (RPCC) of Reserve bank of India, and Agricultural Refinance and Development Corporation (ARDC). NABARD undertakes the monitoring and evolution of projects will be refinanced by it It provides training for the institutions working for the rural development. NABARD keeps a check on client institutions It regulates the cooperative banks and RRB‘s
It takes measures for improving credit delivery system, monitoring, schemes credit institutions, and training of personnel Helps the state governments in reaching their targets of providing assistance to eligible institutions in agriculture and rural development
SOME FACTS ABOUT BANKING IN INDIA
First bank established in India: Bank of Hindustan in 1770 Second bank: General Bank of India, 1786 Oldest bank in India originated in the Bank of Calcutta in June 1806 which was still in existence – State Bank of India State Bank of India merged with three banks namely Bank of Bengal, Bank of Bombay and Bank of Madras in 1921 to form the Imperial bank of India which was converted as State Bank of India First Indian bank got ISO: Canara Bank First India bank started solely with Indian capital investment is PNB (Punjab National Bank) Founder of Punjab National Bank is Lala Lajpat Rai Reserve bank of India (RBI) was instituted in 1935 First governor of RBI: Mr.Osborne Smith First Indian Governor of RBI: Mr. C D Deshmukh First bank to introduce savings account in India: Presidency Bank in 1833 First bank to introduce cheque system in India: Bengal Bank in 1833 First bank to introduce internet banking: ICICI bank First bank to introduce mutual fund: State Bank of India First bank to introduce credit card in India: Central Bank of India Which cards are known as plastic money – Credit Cards. Open market operations are carried out by – RBI Capital market regulator is – SEBI Largest Commercial bank in India – State Bank of India The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is known as – World Bank India‘s First Financial Archive has been set up at – Kolkata CRR, SLR, Repo Rate, Reverse Repo rate are decide by RBI Savings banks interest rates, fixed deposit interest rates, Loan Rates etc. are decided by individual banks The bank which has launched Mobile Bank Accounts in association with Vodafone‘s m –paisa – HDFC Bank Minimum money transfer limit through RTGS: 2 Lakhs Maximum money transfer limit through RTGS: No Limit Minimum & Maximum money transfer limit through NEFT: No Limit NABARD was established in – July, 1982 Largest Public sector bank in India – SBI Largest Private sector bank in India – ICICI Bank Largest Foreign bank in India – Standard Chartered Bank First Indian bank to open branch outside India i.e. London in 1946: Bank of India First RRB named Prathama Grameen Bank was started by: Syndicate Bank First Bank to introduce ATM in India: HSBC in1987, Mumbai Bank of Baroda has the maximum number of overseas branches SBI holds the second position with maximum number of overseas branches Premium credit cards exclusively for women launched recently by – HDFC bank Private Sector Bank that recently launched a product of Personal loan called ―SWIFT‖ – HDFC The bank which approved loan of $500mn to help India improve Rail services – Asian Development Bank
FDI limit for new banks – 49% FDI limit for private banks: 74%
JUNE, JULY, AUGUST BANKING NEWS
JUNE ICICI bank launches co-branded card with Delhi metro
SBI, HDFC Bank, PNB and others to secure ATMs by live CCTV monitoring
From talking ATMs to magnifying glasses at branches for physically and visually challenged customers
ICICI bank launches ‗iMobile‘ app for Windows phone
Shareholders approved the re-appointment of Rana Kapoor as managing director and CEO
18 PSU banks failed to meet FY‘14 target of setting ATMs
IDFC Bank which recently bagged a commercial banking license, plans to start bank operations by October next year
Kotak Mahindra bank set up ATMs at Mumbai Metro Stations
ICICI Bank overtakes HDFC Bank as top private bank employer
Syndicate Bank, Bol, BoB, others give Rs 1,157 crores for Narendra Modi‘s dream financial hub project in Gujarat
K Venkataraman re-appointed as MD & CEO of Karur Vysya Bank
IndusInd Bank launches Video Branch Service for Customers
July Rajiv Lall to be IDFC Bank Managing Director and CEO
Maharashtra cabinet approves Rs 231 Crore to strengthen small banks
RBI cancels licenses of Six Delhi-based NBFCs (Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs)
Exim bank wants RBI to hike its leverage ration by 50
Government asks IDBI Bank, United Bank of India to plan merger
RBI and Central Bank of Sri Lanka (CBSL) have entered into a bilateral agreement that enables CBSL to further diversity its reserves management activities into Indian rupee- denominated assets
RBI penalises 12 banks including ICICI bank for violating rules
ING Vysya selects Mindtree to deliver multi-channel and multi-platform banking experience to its customers while creating a digital roadmap designed to help the bank NBFCs allowed to use e-Know your customer service to verify Identity: RB ICICI bank launches special service for Canadian customers
Indian Bank launches mobile branches with ATM facility in Chennai
HDFC Securities launches ‗e-will‘ writing service
SBI, PNB could be the first banks to tap capital market this financial year
SBI to open 5, 000 new ATMs
IBM signes deal worth Rs 550 crores with microfinance firm Janalakshmi Financial services
Canara bank expands its Gramodaya scheme in Delhi
RBI governor Raghuram Rajan launches Indian Bank‘s mobile branches
Axis, Union bank among five new entrants into UK banking space
ICICI bank to open its branches in China, South Africa says MD and CEO chanda Kochhar
State Bank of India opens 6 digital branches which offer services like instant account opening and personalised debit cards
August:
SBI cuts home loan rate by up to 0.15 per cent
ICICI Bank offers EMI scheme on Debit card purchase
Jan Dhan Yojana: 5.27 lakh accounts opened across Andhra Bank branches
SBI signs $152 million export line of credit with Japanese bank
Bank open 2.14 crore accounts under Jan Dhan mission
Muthoot finance launches scheme for Kerala customers for Onam
Jan Dhan Yojana: SBI opens 1.50 lakh bank accounts in Tamilnadu & Puducherry
United bank of India wins seconds leg of legal battle with Kingfisher Airlines chairman Vijaymallya
IDBI bank joins UNICEF for safe water, hygiene to 80,000 children in 400 Maharashtra, UP schools
RBI has lowered the cap on free ATM transactions and allowed banks to charge customers
HDFC Bank tops WPP‘s BrandZ report with value of $9.4 billion
ICICI launched EMI Facility on debit cards ties up with Samsung
HDFC Bank opens branch in Dubai
HDFC Bank launches Forexplus crad for Haj, Umrah pilgrims for making all patyments during the pilgrimage in a convenient and secure manner and thus avoid Saudi Riyals
Pune based LinguaNext to partner nationalised and private banks for ATM Transaction slips and is already working with different bank, including the State Bank of India
RBI will soon issue Rs 1,000 denomination bank notes with inset letter R in the Mahatma
Gandhi Series – 2005 RBI announced only 3 free withdrawals from other ATMs, 5 from own
New Ezetap : The device which is used by banks like SBI, HDFC and Citibank that facilitates like an ATM for checking balance, transferring money, get a mini statement and opening a bank account through Aadhaar
SBI launches Hindi version of its app ‗STATE BANK ANYWHERE’
TMB aims to achieve Rs 1 lakh crore turnover in next four years
Federal Bank opens its 1206th branch at Andathode, Thrissur
ICICI bank launches travel card aimed at students who are heading out for higher studies outside India to help them manage their international expenses
RBI proposes COO ( Chief Operating Officer) post in Rank of Deputy Governor
RBI proposes ‗anytime anywhere‘ bill payment system
Deutsche Bank launches zero balance savings account for professionals
SBI Life insurance appoints Arjit Basu as MD, CEO
HDFC Bank opens branch in Dubai for providing wealth management services to Indians living there
IndusInd Bank Launches co-branded credit card with Jet Airways
Indian Bank revises its interest rate to 2.36 percent from the 2.55 per cent
Important Things about Cardless ATM withdrawal – ICICI
This service makes use of secure transaction platforms like one time pass words and biometric authentications. This will thus provide an extra layer of security, in addition to the fact that customers no longer need to carry their cards along with them
SOME BENEFITS OF THE SCHEME: 1) Improved customer convenience. 2) Improved security factors. 3) Improving the use of ATMs in developing countries.
Important Banking Related Terms
Cheque: Cheque is a negotiable instrument containing conditional order to pay sum of money to the person mentioned on it or to the bearer of the instrument.
Crossing: Two parallel lines drawn on the top left corner of the cheque
Account Payee Cheque: Account payee cheque can be routed only through accounts
Post dated Cheque: The date on the check beyond today‘s date then cheque becomes post dated.
Stale Cheque: A cheque which has completed the stipulated validity period of the cheque is called as the stale cheque (The validity period of 6 months as at present)
Mutilated cheque: It is a damaged cheque
Bounced Cheque: It is nothing but an ordinary bank check that any bank can refuse to encash or pay because of the fact that there is no sufficient balance in the bank account of the originator
At Par cheque: It is payable anywhere in India.
Multi city cheque: A cheque which is payable in any branch of a particular bank
Travellers Cheque: Cheques issued by a bank and function as cash but are protected against loss or theft when travelling.
Money Laundering: Conversion of money which is illegally obtained
Linked Account: Any account linked to another account in the same bank where funds can be transferred electronically between accounts and carry out other specified services as well
Consumer durables loans: Loan granted by banks for purchasing of white goods
Collateral: A borrower needs to provide some kind of security to the bank in case of high ticket loans, such security is called ‗collateral‘
Floating Rate: An interest rate that is referenced to a market rate and is revised as per the change in the interest rates in the economy. When interest rates in the economy rise, floating rates rise and vice versa
Exchange Rate: Rate at which the domestic currency can be converted into foreign currency and vice versa
Inflation: Decreasing the purchasing power of money in this state money looses the value hence prices will go up
Deflation: Opposite to inflation here money will have more value and hence product looses the value
Electronic Clearing Service (ECS): It is a service provided by the banks to facilitate direct debit from your bank account towards an investment account (such as a mutual fund SIP) and/or paying regular loan EMIs.
Billing Cycle: A billing cycle is a time period that covers the credit statement that usually lasts for 25 days
Bridge Loan: It is also known as swing loan, which is basically a real estate loan or a home loan, where the current residence/real estate is pledged by the borrower as a collateral in order to purchase a new residence
Debit cum ATM Card: Customer can deposit and withdraw cash by means of magnetic ATM Card
Core Banking: A centralized database with online connectivity to branches, internet as well as ATM network which has been adopted by almost all major banks of the country
Bankassurance: When the banks entertain in dealing with insurance business then it is called as bankassurance
Short term loan: If the repayment period of any loan is up to 36 months , then that loan is called Short term loans Medium term loan: If the repayment period of any loan is up to 37 to 84 months , then that loan is called Medium term loans
Long term loan: If the repayment period of any loan more than 84 months , then that loan is called long term loans
Grace Period: It is an interest free period that is to be given by a creditor to a debtor after the period of the loan gets over, before initiating the process of loss recovery. The grace period depends on the amount of the loan and also the credit score of the borrower.
Internet Banking: It is also called as e-banking or online banking, where customer can conduct their transactions through the internet.
Life Cap: The upper and lower limit for changes in the borrower‘s interest rate over the term of his/her loans
Net Income: The amount that is left after paying the taxes is called the net income. Original Principal Balance: The amount borrowed by any borrower is called the original principal balance
Overdraft: It is a check or rather an amount of check, which is above the balance available in the account of the payer.
Refunding: The act of paying back the amount or returning the funds is called as refunding. Repricing: Change in the rate of interest
Reserve Account: An account which is maintained by depositing undistributed parts of profits for future needs is called as a reserve account
Smart Cards: Unlike debit and credit cards, smart cards possess a computer chip with magnetic strips, which is used for data storage, processing and identification
Bank Rate: The interest rate at which at central bank lends money to commercial banks. Often these loans are very short in duration. Managing the bank rate is a preferred method by which central banks can regulate the level of economic activity. Lower bank rates can help to expand the economy, when unemployment is high, by lowering the cost of funds for borrowers. Conversely, higher bank rates help to reign in the economy, when inflation is higher than desired.
Repo: Repo is “Repurchase Agreement”. An agreement to sell a security for a specified price and to buy it back later at another specified price. A repo is essentially a secured loan.
Repo Rate: Whenever the banks have any shortage of funds they can borrow it form RBI. Repo rate is the rate at which commercial banks borrows rupees from RBI. A reduction in the repo rate will help banks to get money at cheaper rate. When the repo rate increases borrowing form RBI becomes more expensive.
Reverse Repo Rate: Reverse Repo rate is the rate at which RBI borrows money from commercial banks. Banks are always happy to lend money to RBI since their money is in the
safe hands with a good interest. An increase in reverse repo rate can cause the banks to transfer more funds to RBI due to this attractive interest rates. One factor which encourages an organisation to enter into reverse repo is that it earns some extra income on its otherwise idle cash.
CRR (Cash Reverse Ratio): CRR is the amount of funds that the banks have to keep with RBI. If RBI increases CRR, the available amount with the banks comes down. RBI is using this method (increase of CRR), to drain out the excessive money from the banks.
SLR (Statutory Liquidity Ratio): SLR is the amount a commercial banks needs to maintain in the form of cash, or gold, or govt. approved securities (Bonds) before providing credit to its customers. SLR rate is determined and maintained by RBI in order to control the expansion of the bank credit.
Need of SLR: With the SLR, the RBI can ensure the solvency of a commercial banks. It is also helpful to control the expansion of the Bank credits. By changing SLR rates, RBI can increase or decrease bank credit expansion.
Also through SLR, RBI compels the commercial banks to invest in the government securities like govt. bonds. Main use of SLR: SLR is used to control inflation and propel growth. Through SLR rate the money supply in the system can be controlled effectively.
Marginal Standing Facility (MSF): MSF rate is the rate at which banks borrow funds overnight from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) against approved government securities. ii. This came into effect in may 2011.
Under the Marginal Standing Facility (MSF), currently banks avail funds from the RBI on overnight basis against their excess statutory liquidity ratio (SLR) holdings.
Additionally, they can also avail funds on overnight basis below the stipulated SLR up to 1 per cent of their respective Net Demand and Time Liabilities (NDTL) outstanding at the end of second preceding fortnight. Why (MSF) is it required: Banks borrow money from RBI at MSF rate when there is an acute cash shortage or acute asset- liability mismatch.
This does not carry any stigma. Size of MSF: Minimum amount of Rs. One crore and in multiples of Rs. One crore thereafter.
Commercial Paper: Commercial Paper (CP) is an unsecured money market instrument issued in the form of a promissory note. Corporates, primary dealers (PDs) and the All-India Financial Institutions (FIs) are eligible to issue CP. Maturity period: between a minimum of 7 days and a maximum of up to one year from the date of issue. CP can be issued in denominations of Rs.5 lakh or multiples thereof. Only a scheduled bank can act as an IPA (Issuing and Paying Agent) for issuance of CP.
Treasury Bills: Treasury bills (T-bills) offer short-term investment opportunities, generally up to one year. They are thus useful in managing short-term liquidity. At present, the Government of India issues three types of treasury bills through auctions, namely, 91-day, 182-day and 364-day. There are no treasury bills issued by State Governments. Treasury bills
are available for a minimum amount of Rs.25,000 and in multiples of Rs. 25,000. Treasury bills are issued at a discount and are redeemed at par. Treasury bills are also issued under the Market Stabilization Scheme (MSS).
Certificates of Deposit (CD): Certificate of Deposit (CD) is a negotiable money market instrument and issued in dematerialised form or as a Usance Promissory Note against funds deposited at a bank or other eligible financial institution for a specified time period. Note: CDs can be issued by (i) scheduled commercial banks {excluding Regional Rural Banks and Local Area Banks}; and (ii) select All-India Financial Institutions (FIs) that have been permitted by RBI Minimum amount of a CD should be Rs.1 lakh, and in multiples of Rs. 1 lakh thereafter. The maturity period of CDs issued by banks should not be less than 7 days and not more than one year, from the date of issue.
Fiscal Deficit: A deficit in the government budget of a country and represents the excess of expenditure over income. So this is the amount of borrowed funds require by the government to meet its expenditures completely.
Direct Tax: A direct tax is that which is paid directly by someone to taxing authority. Income tax and property tax are an examples of direct tax. They are not shifted to somebody else.
Indirect Tax: This type of tax is not paid by someone to the authorities and it is actually passed on to the other in the form of increased cost. They are levied on goods and services produced or purchased. Excise Tax, Sales Tax, Vat, Entertainment tax are indirect taxes.
NOSTRO Account: A Nostro account is maintained by an Indian Bank in the foreign countries.
VOSTRO Account: A Vostro account is maintained by a foreign bank in India with their corresponding bank.
SDR (Special Drawing Rights): SDR are new form of International reserve assets, created by the International Monetary Fund in 1967. The value of SDR is based on the portfolio of widely used countries and they are maintained as accounting entries and not as hard currency or physical assets like Gold.
Demand Draft: Demand draft is defined as an order to pay money drawn by one office of a bank upon another office of the same bank for a sum of money payable to order on demand.
Cheque and Demand draft both are used for transfer of money. Difference b/w Cheque & DD: A cheque can be bounce but D.D cannot be bounce as it is already paid.
Current account: Current account with a bank can be opened generally for business purpose. There are no restrictions on withdrawals in this type of account. No interest is paid in this type of account.
NEFT (National Electronic Fund Transfer): NEFT enables funds transfer from one bank to another but works a bit differently than RTGS.
NEFT is slower than RTGS. The transfer is not direct and RBI acts as the service provider to transfer the money from one account to another. You can transfer any amount through NEFT, even a rupee.
RTGS (Real time gross settlement ): RTGS system is funds transfer systems where transfer of money or securities takes place from one bank to another on a "real time" and on "gross" basis. Settlement in "real time" means payment transaction is not subjected to any waiting period.
The transactions are settled as soon as they are processed. Minimum & Maximum Limit of RTGS: 2 lakh and no upper limit.
BOND: Publicly traded ling term debt securities issued by corporations and governments, whereby the issuer agrees to pay a fixed amount of interest over a specified period of time and to repay a fixed amount of principal maturity.
Call Money: Call Money’ is the borrowing or lending of funds for 1day.
Notice Money: Money borrowed or lend for period between 2 days and 14 days it is known as ‘Notice Money’
Term Money: Term Money refers to borrowing/lending of funds for period exceeding 14 days
CRAR(Capital to Risk Weighted Assets Ratio): Capital to risk weighted assets ratio is arrived at by dividing the capital of the bank with aggregated risk weighted assets for credit risk, market risk and operational risk.
Non Performing Assets (NPA): An asset, including a leased asset, becomes non performing when it ceases to generate income for the bank.
INFLATION: inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services. Consequently, inflation reflects a reduction in the purchasing power per unit of money – a loss of real value in the medium of exchange and unit of account within the economy.
DEFLATION: deflation is a decrease in the general price level of goods and services. Deflation occurs when the inflation rate falls below 0% (a negative inflation rate). This should not be confused with disinflation, a slow-down in the inflation rate (i.e., when inflation declines to lower levels).
REFLATION: When government wants to control the deflation condition, the suggests RBI to decrease the key rates. If deflation in not controlled, govt. makes a fiscal policy. (taxes decreased, subsidy on loan increased)
DISFLATION: When government wants to control the inflation condition, the suggests RBI to increase the key rates. If inflation in not controlled, govt. makes a fiscal policy. (taxes increased, subsidy on loan decreased)
Doubtful Asset: An asset would be classified as doubtful if it has remained in the substandard category for a period of 12 months.
CASA Deposit: Deposit in bank in current and Savings account.
Liquid Assets: Liquid assets consists of cash, balances with RBI, balances in current accounts with banks, money at call and short notice, inter-bank placements due within 30 days and securities under “held for trading” and “available for sale” categories excluding securities that do not have ready market.
Import parity price (IPP): The price that a purchaser pays or can expect to pay for imported goods such as petrol, diesel or cooking gas. “The import parity price (IPP) is the price at the border of a good that is imported, which includes international transport costs and tariffs. The IPP is used in International trade and is sometimes referred to as the International Benchmark Price.
Export parity price (IPP): The price that a producer gets or can expect to get for its product if exported, equal to the Freight on Board price minus the costs of getting the product from the farm or factory to the border. The EPP applies only to the quantity that is exported and not to the quantity that is sold domestically
Participatory Notes or P-notes: are derivative instruments, used by Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) who are NOT registered with SEBI. P-Notes, mostly used by overseas HNIs (High Networth Individuals), hedge funds and other foreign institutions, allow them to invest in Indian markets through registered Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs), while saving on time and costs associated with direct registrations.
Devaluation: means official lowering of the value of a country's currency within a fixed exchange rate system, by which the monetary authority formally sets a new fixed rate with respect to a foreign reference currency.
Depreciation: is used to describe a decrease in a currency's value (relative to other major currency benchmarks) due to market forces, not government or central bank policy actions.
ATMs: (Automated Teller Machine): The ATM debit cards, credit cards and prepaid cards (that permit cash withdrawal) issued by banks can be used at ATMs for various transactions.
Use of ATMs of Other Banks: i. 5 free transactions are permitted per month (now 3 in 6 metropolitan cities ) inclusive of financial and/or non-financial at other bank ATMs for Savings Bank Account holders. ii. For transaction beyond this minimum number of transactions, banks charge maximum of Rs 20/ - per transaction.
Personal Identification Number (PIN) : A Personal Identification Number is a secret numeric password shared between user and a system that can be use to authenticate the user to the system.
Reconciliation of failed transactions at ATMs i. The time limit for resolution of customer complaints by the issuing banks shall stand reduced from 12 working days to 7 working days
from the date of receipt of customer complaint. ii. Accordingly, failure to recredit the customer’s account within 7 working days of receipt of the complaint shall entail payment of compensation to the customer @ Rs. 100/- per day by the issuing bank.. iii. Any customer is entitled to receive such compensation for delay, only if a claim is lodged with the issuing bank within 30 days of the date of the transaction. iv. All disputes regarding ATM failed transactions shall be settled by the issuing bank and the acquiring bank through the ATM system provider only. v. If the course of action for the customer complaint is not taken by his/her bank within the stipulated time than customer can take recourse to the local Banking Ombudsman in such situations.
IFSC (Indian Financial System Code): Indian Financial System Code is an alpha- numeric code that uniquely identifies a bank-branch participating in the NEFT system. ii. This is an 11 digit code with the first 4 alpha characters representing the bank, The 5th character is 0 (zero).and the last 6 characters representing the bank branch. iii. IFSC is used by the NEFT system to identify the originating / destination banks / branches and also to route the messages appropriately to the concerned banks / branches. For ex: SBIN0015986 : i. First 4 character SBIN – refers to State Bank of India. ii. 0 is a control number. iii. last six characters (015986) represents the SBI branch Jail Road, Hari Nagar New Delhi.
MICR : stands for Magnetic Ink Character Recognition. MICR Code is a numeric code which uniquely identifies a bank branch participating in the ECS Credit scheme. MICR code consists of 9 digits e.g 400229128 i. First 3 digits represent the city (400) ii. ii. Next 3 digits represent the bank (229) iii. Last 3 digits represent the branch (128)
The MICR Code allotted to a bank branch is printed on the MICR band of cheque leaves issued by bank branches.
Cheque Truncation System: i. Truncation is the process of stopping the flow of the physical cheque issued by a drawer at some point with the presenting bank en-route to the drawee bank branch.
ii. In its place an electronic image of the cheque is transmitted to the drawee branch by the clearing house, along with relevant information like data on the MICR band, date of presentation, presenting bank, etc.
Cheque Truncation speeds up the process of collection of cheques resulting in better service to customers, reduces the scope for clearing-related frauds or loss of instruments in transit, lowers the cost of collection of cheques, and removes reconciliation- related and logistics- related problems, thus benefitting the system as a whole
Cheque Vs Demand Draft Cheque: Cheuqe is a negotiable instrument instructing a bank to pay a specific amount from a specific account held in the maker/depositor name with that Bank. Demand Draft: A demand draft is an instrument used for effecting transfer of money. It is a negotiable instrument.
Difference b/w a Cheque and a demand draft:
A cheque is issued by an individual whereas a demand draft is issued by a bank.
A cheque is drawn by an account holder of a bank, whereas a draft is drawn by one branch of a bank on another branch of the same bank.
In a cheque, the drawer and the drawee are different persons. But in a draft both the drawer and the drawee are the same bank.
A cheque is defined in the Negotiable Instrument Act, 1881, whereas a demand draft has not be precisely defined in the NI Act.
A Cheque can be dishonored for want of sufficient balance in the account. Whereas a draft cannot be dishonoured.Hence there is certainty of the payment in the case of a demand draft.
Payment of a cheque can be stopped by the drawer of the cheque, whereas, the payment of a draft cannot be stopped.
A cheque can be made payable either to a bearer or order. But a demand draft is always payable to order of a certain person.
Bancassurance: The sale of insurance and other similar products through a bank. This can help the consumer in some situations; for example, when a bank requires life insurance for those receiving a mortgage loan the consumer could purchase the insurance directly from the bank.
The bank insurance model (BIM), also sometimes known as bancassurance, is the partnership or relationship between a bank and an insurance company whereby the insurance company uses the bank sales channel in order to sell insurance products, an arrangement in which a bank and an insurance company form a partnership so that the insurance company can sell its products to the bank's client base.
Banking Ombudsman Scheme 2006: The Banking Ombudsman Scheme enables an expeditious and inexpensive forum to bank customers for resolution of complaints relating to certain services rendered by banks.
The Banking Ombudsman is a senior official appointed by the Reserve Bank of India to redress customer complaints against deficiency in certain banking services.
All Scheduled Commercial Banks, Regional Rural Banks and Scheduled Primary Co-operative Banks are covered under the Scheme. Grounds of complaints: The Banking Ombudsman can receive and consider any complaint relating to the following deficiency in banking services (including internet banking)
non-payment or inordinate delay in the payment or collection of cheques, drafts, bills etc. failure to issue or delay in issue of drafts, pay orders or bankers’ cheques; non-adherence to prescribed working hours ; failure to provide or delay in providing a banking facility (other than loans and advances) promised in writing by a bank or its direct selling agents; refusal to open deposit accounts without any valid reason for refusal; levying of charges without adequate prior notice to the customer; non-observance of Reserve Bank guidelines on engagement of recovery agents by banks; and any other matter relating to the violation of the directives issued by the Reserve Bank in relation to banking or other services.
Complaints can be made when:
One can file a complaint before the Banking Ombudsman if the reply is not received from the bank within a period of one month after the bank concerned has received one s representation, or the bank rejects the complaint, or if the complainant is not satisfied with the reply given by the bank.
Period of more than one year has not lapsed after receipt of bank reply.
The complaint is not for issues already settled/dealt with Ombudsman or for which proceedings before court, tribunal or arbitrator or any other forum is pending or a decree or Award or order has been passed.
The complaint is within limitation period under Indian Limitation Act 1963.
Procedure for filing the complaint: One can file a complaint with the Banking Ombudsman simply by writing on a plain paper. One can also file it online or by sending an email to the Banking Ombudsman.
Where can one lodge his/her complaint: One may lodge his/ her complaint at the office of the Banking Ombudsman under whose jurisdiction, the bank branch complained against is situated.
Other Important Points:
The complainant can be filed by one s authorized representative (other than an advocate).
The Banking Ombudsman does not charge any fee for filing and resolving customers’ complaints.
The amount, if any, to be paid by the bank to the complainant by way of compensation for any loss suffered by the complainant is limited to the amount arising directly out of the act or omission of the bank or Rs 10 lakhs, whichever is lower.
The Banking Ombudsman may award compensation not exceeding Rs 1 lakh to the complainant only in the case of complaints relating to credit card operations for mental agony and harassment.
If a complaint is not settled by an agreement within a period of one month, the Banking Ombudsman proceeds further to pass an award. Before passing an award, the Banking Ombudsman provides reasonable opportunity to the complainant and the bank, to present their case.
If one is not satisfied with the decision passed by the Banking Ombudsman, one can approach the appellate authority against the Banking Ombudsmen’s decision. Appellate Authority is vested with a Deputy Governor of the RBI.
If one is aggrieved by the decision, one may, within 30 days of the date of receipt of the award, appeal against the award before the appellate authority.
The appellate authority may, if he/ she is satisfied that the applicant had sufficient cause for not making an application for appeal within time, also allow a further period not exceeding 30 days.
BASIC SAVING BANK DEPOSIT ACCOUNT(BSBDA): Under the guidelines issued on August 10, 2012 by RBI: Any individual, including poor or those from weaker section of the society, can open zero balance account in any bank.
BSBDA guidelines are applicable to "all scheduled commercial banks in India, including foreign banks having branches in India". All the accounts opened earlier as 'no-frills' account should be renamed as BSBDA.
Banks are required to convert the existing 'no- frills' accounts’ into 'Basic Savings Bank Deposit Accounts'. The 'Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account' should be considered as a normal banking service available to all customers, through branches .
The aim of introducing 'Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account' is very much part of the efforts of RBI for furthering Financial Inclusion objectives.
Main Points of the BSBDA: i. An individual is eligible to have only one 'Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account' in one bank. ii. Holders of 'Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account' will not be eligible for opening any other savings account in that bank. If a customer has any other existing savings
account in that bank, he / she will be required to close it within 30 days from the date of opening a 'Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account'. Note: While opening the BSBDA customers’ consent in writing be obtained that his existing non-BSBDA Savings Banks accounts will be closed after 30 days of opening BSBDA and banks are free to close such accounts after 30 days. iii. One can have Term/Fixed Deposit, Recurring Deposit etc., accounts in the bank where one holds 'Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account'. iv. Banks are advised not to impose restrictions like age and income criteria of the individual for opening BSBDA. v. There is no requirement for any initial deposit for opening a BSBDA. vi. Banks should offer the ATM Debit Cards free of charge and no Annual fee should be levied on such Cards. vii. In BSBDA, banks are required to provide free of charge minimum four withdrawals, through ATMs and other mode including RTGS/NEFT/Clearing/Branch cash withdrawal/transfer/internet debits/standing instructions/EMI etc viii. The Uniform rate of interest rates set by individual banks are applicable on the domestic savings deposit will be determined on the basis of end-of-day balance in the account. ix. The normal saving bank account can be converted into BSBDA at the request of customer.
BSBDA-Small Accounts would be subject to the following conditions:
i. Total credits in such accounts should not exceed 1 lakh rupees in a year. ii. Maximum balance in the account should not exceed 50,000 Rs at any time. iii. The total of debits by way of cash withdrawals and transfers will not exceed 10,000 rupees in a month. iv. Foreign remittances cannot be credited to Small Accounts without completing normal KYC formalities. v. Small accounts are valid for a period of 12 months initially which may be extended by another 12 months if the person provides proof of having applied for an Officially Valid Document. vi. Small Accounts can only be opened at CBS linked branches of banks or at such branches where it is possible to manually monitor the fulfillments of the conditions.
About Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises(MSMEs):
i. A micro enterprise is an enterprise where investment in plant and machinery does not exceed Rs. 25 lakh. and investment in equipment does not exceed Rs. 10 lakh; ii. A small enterprise is an enterprise where the investment in plant and machinery is more than Rs. 25 lakh but does not exceed Rs. 5 crore and the investment in equipment is more than Rs.10 lakh but does not exceed Rs. 2 crore.
iii. A medium enterprise is an enterprise where the investment in plant and machinery is more than Rs.5 crore but does not exceed Rs.10 crore. and the investment in equipment is more than Rs. 2 crore but does not exceed Rs. 5 crore. Status of lending by banks to this sector?
Bank loans up to Rs.5 crore per borrower / unit to Micro and Small Enterprises engaged in providing or rendering of services and defined in terms of investment in equipment under MSMED Act, 2006.
Priority Sector Lending:Priority sector lending include only those sectors as part of the priority sector, that impact large sections of the population, the weaker sections and the sectors which are employment-intensive such as agriculture, and Micro and Small enterprises.
Priority Sector: Priority sector refers to those sectors of the economy which may not get timely and adequate credit in the absence of this special dispensation. Typically, these are small value loans to farmers for agriculture and allied activities, micro and small enterprises, poor people for housing, students for education and other low income groups and weaker sections.
Categories under priority sector
(i) Agriculture (ii) Micro and Small Enterprises (iii) Education (iv) Housing (v) Export Credit and Others
Loan limit for education under priority sector: Loans to individuals for educational purposes including vocational courses upto `10 lakh for studies in India and `20 lakh for studies abroad are included under priority sector.
Limit for housing loans under priority sector: Loans to individuals up to `25 lakh in metropolitan centres with population above ten lakh and `15 lakh in other centres for purchase/construction of a dwelling unit per family excluding loans sanctioned to bank’s own employees.
Rate of interest for loans under priority sector: The rate of interest on various priority sector loans will be as per RBI’s directives issued from time to time, which is linked to Base Rate of banks at present. Priority sector guidelines do not lay down any preferential rate of interest for priority sector loans.
PAN Card: As of May 2010, the Income Tax department in India has made it mandatory for all Indians to have a PAN card (Permanent Account Number), irrespective of their tax filing status.
The PAN is a 10-digit alphanumeric number that is issued in the form of a card. It serves as a universal identification factor for tracking high value transactions and ensures that all financial transactions are in compliance with tax laws, and thus help prevent tax evasions.
Benefits of PAN Cards:
PAN is unique, permanent and national and acts as an ID proof.
Is unaffected by address change, even between states.
PAN is a must for depositing Rs.50, 000 or more in any bank.
Must for operating demat accounts or for opening a bank account.
For cash payment of a minimum of Rs.50, 000 for buying bankers cheques, bank drafts or pay orders on a single day.
Selling or buying immovable property worth Rs.5 lakhs or more. If the property is co- owned, the PAN of both owners must be mentioned.
Sale or purchase of shares, bonds, derivatives, debentures or other securities over Rs.1 lakh.
An investment exceeding Rs.50, 000 in shares, mutual funds or post office savings.
Payment of a minimum of Rs.25, 000 against hotel or restaurant bills. payment in cash in connection with travel to any foreign country of an amount exceeding twenty-five thousand rupees at any one time.
―There are no short and easy paths to a long and lasting happiness”
CENSUS OF INDIA HIGHLIGHTS
2011 Census Motto- OUR CENSUS OUR FUTURE Present Register General and Census Commissioner- C. Chandra Mouli Union Home Secretary- Shri G.K. Pillai First Census started in India- 1872 Present Census in India- 15th Total Population of India- 1210.19 Million 623.7 million (51.54%) Males and 584.46 million (48.46%) Females World Population- 7 Billions Population of India increased by more than 181 million during 2001-2011 Percentage of population growth in 2001-2011- 17.64; 17.19 (Male) and 18.12 (Female) Top Populous States of the Country Uttar Pradesh 19,95,81,477
Maharashtra 11,23,72,972 Bihar 10,38,04,637 West Bengal 9,13,47,736 Andhra Pradesh 8,46,65,533 Least Populous States of the Country Lakshadweep 64,429 Daman & Diu 2,42,911 D & N Haveli 3,42,853 A & N islands 3,79,944 Sikkim 6,07,688
Highest Populous District- Thane (Mumbai) Least Populous District- Dibang (Arunachal Pradesh) Rural Population in India- 68.84% of the total population Highest Urban Population- Maharashtra India population is equal to the combined population of US, Brazil, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Japan Total Number of children in the age group 0-6 – 158.8 million Total Sex Ration- 940:1000 (Female: Male) Highest Sex Ratio- Kerala (1084: 1000) Second Highest Sex Ratio- Puducherry (1038: 1000) Least Sex Ratio- Daman & Diu (618: 1000) Child Sex Ratio (0-6 years): 914: 1000 Highest Child Sex Ratio- Mizoram (971:1000) Least Child Sex Ratio- Haryana (830:1000) Three Major states ( J&K, Bihar & Gujarat) have shown decline in sex ration as compared to census 2001 Literacy Rate in 2001- 64.83 Literacy Rate in 2011- 74.04 Highest Literacy State- Kerala (93.91%) Lowest Literacy State- Bihar (63.82%) 100% Literacy District in India- Palakkad (kerala) Raise in Literacy rate from 2001 to 2011- 9.21 % Density of India- 382 per Sq KM Highest Density State- Bihar (1102 per Sq KM) Lowest Density State- Arunachal Pradesh (17 per Sq KM) No of Villages covered in 2011 census- 6, 40, 867 100% Banking District in India- Palakkad (Kerala) 100% Banking State in India- Kerala
Finance minister Mr. Arun Jaitley presented the Union Budget for the financial year 2014-15 under Modi-led NDA government. There was a very high hope on the budget and the minister had tried to keep the promise, mainly those promises which the BJP party gave in their election manifesto. Special focus was on women and children’s facilities, the construction of world class cities, and welfare of senior citizens. There were many pros as well as cons in the budget presented. Let us have a look on the highlights of the maiden budget of the new government.
Fiscal Deficit: Accepts fiscal deficit target of 4.1% of GDP for 2014-15 Fiscal deficit seen at 3.6% of GDP in 2015-16
Finance minister said: “We can’t spend beyond our means”
Tax-to-GDP ratio must be raised
Growth: Aims for sustained growth of 7-8% in the next 3-4 years
Bound to usher in policies for higher growth and lower inflation
Taxation:
Aims to approve goods and services tax by end of this year
No change in rules on retrospective taxation
A high-level committee to examine all the pending cases of retrospective tax of indirect transfers before action is taken.
Proposed changes in transfer pricing mechanism
Extension of 5% withhold tax on corporate bonds until 30th June, 2017
Income tax exemption limit has been raised to Rs. 2.5 Lakh and for senior citizens to Rs. 3Lakh
Expected revenue from taxes: Rs. 9.77 Lakh crore
Proposed tax on indirect tax front will yield Rs. 7,525 Crore
Net effect on direct tax proposals is revenue loss of Rs.22,200 Crore
Excise duty on footwear reduced to 6% from 12%
Long term capital gain tax for mutual funds doubled to 20%; lock-in-period increased to 3 years.
Investment
Raises limit on foreign direct investment in defence sector from 26 per cent to 49 per cent; raises
FDI limit in insurance sector to 49 percent
Earmarks Rs 7000 Crore to create 100 "smart cities"
Will provide the necessary tax changes to introduce real estate investment trusts and infrastructure investment trusts
Proposes Rs 4000 crore for affordable housing through national housing bank and extends tax incentives for housing loans
Exemption limit for investment in financial instruments under 80C raised to Rs 1.5 lakh from Rs 1 lakh.
Investment limit in PPF raised to Rs 1.5 lakh from Rs 1 lakh
Foreign direct investment
Raises limit on foreign direct investment in defence sector from 26 percent to 49 percent
Raises FDI limit in insurance sector from 26 percent to 49 percent
Spending
Capital outlay for defence raised by 50 billion rupees over interim budget
Earmarks Rs 7000 crore to create 100 "smart cities"
Proposes Rs 5000 crore for warehousing capacity; 100 billion rupees of private capital for start up companies; and 378 billion rupees of investment in national and state highways
Rs 4000 crore for affordable housing proposed through national housing bank and extends tax incentives for housing loans
Proposes Rs 8000 crore for rural housing scheme
Subsidies
Plans to make food and petroleum subsidies more targeted
Rural job-guarantee scheme, which provides 100 days of paid employment a year, will become more focused on asset creation
Proposes Rs 8000 crore for rural housing scheme
Agriculture
Will focus on achieving 4 growth per year in agriculture
Proposes a long-term rural credit fund with an initial corpus of Rs 5000 crore
Rs 100 crore for development of organic farming
Social sector
Pension Scheme to be revived for a year (Aug 15-14) for citizens above 60
Rs 50,548 crore for SC welfare schemes.
Rs 32,387 crore for ST welfare schemes.
Infrastructure
Earmarks Rs 500 crore for 24x7 uninterrupted power in all homes
Rs 100 crore for metro projects in Lucknow and Ahmedabad
Rs 2,037 crore set aside for Integrated Ganga Conservation Mission called 'Namami Gange'
Rs 200 crore for world-class sports stadium in Jammu and Kasmir
Trade Facilitation Centre in Varanasi Handloom and Crafts Museum
Rs 1000 crore to enhance rail connectivity in the Northeast
Rs 2250 crore for the development and modernization of the border infrastructure
A project on the river Ganga called 'Jal Marg Vikas' for inland waterways between Allahabad and Haldia; Rs 4,200 crore set aside for the purpose
War memorial to be set up along with a war museum; Rs 100 crore set aside for this
Rs 7,060 crore for setting up 100 Smart Cities
Education
Five more IIMs to be opened in HP, Punjab, Bihar, Odisha and Rajasthan
Five more IITs in Jammu, Chattisgarh, Goa, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala.
Four more AIIMS like institutions to come up in Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Vidarbha in
Maharashtra and Poorvanchal in Uttar Pradesh
Tourism
E-Visas to be introduced at 9 airports
Finance Minister says tourism helps in job creation and e-visas will encourage more tourists to visit India
A provision of Rs 500 crore for five tourism sector.
Banking
Deduction limit on interest on loan for self-occupied house raised to Rs 2 lakh from Rs 1.5 lakh.
Set aside Rs 11,200 crore for PSU banks capitalisation
Government in favour of consolidation of PSU banks
Government considering giving greater autonomy to PSU banks while making them accountable
PSUs to invest to over Rs 2.47 lakh crore this fiscal
Others
Earmarks Rs 200 crore for Sardar Patel statue
Proposes Rs 150 crore for improving women safety
LCD, LED TV become cheaper
Cigarettes, pan masala, tobacco, aerated drinks become costlier Government proposes to launch Digital India' programme to ensure broad band connectivity at village level Rs 100 crore scheme to support about 600 new and existing Community Radio Stations
Rs 150 crore for Communication facilities in Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Rs 188 crore for disaster preparedness in Puducherry
Rs 3,600 crore for providing safe drinking water
North-stop 24-hour channel is proposed to be introduced
Farmer TV channel will be launched for the benefit of farmers.
Rs 200 crore to make Delhi a world class city for social welfare and Rs 500 crore for energy
Kisan Vikas Patra to be reintroduced, National Savings Certificate with insurance cover to be launched
'Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya New Teachers Training Programme' launched with initial sum of Rs 500 crore
Government provides Rs 500 crore for rehabilitation of displaced Kashmiri migrants
Indian Custom Single Window Project to be taken up for facilitating trade
BUDGET SUMARY
1. Fiscal deficit target for 2014-15 at 4.1% of GDP and 3.6 for 2015-16 and 3% for 2016-17
2. Revenue Deficit seen at 2.9% for FY15
3. Aim to achieve 7-8 per cent economic growth rate in next 3-4 years: FM
4. Committed for growth of agriculture at the rate of 4 per cent.
5. Defence FDI cap raised to 49% from 26% at present
6. Exemption limits on income tax from Rs. 2 lakh to Rs. 2.5 lakh.
7. For senior citizens, the exemption on income has been raised to Rs. 3 lakh per annum.
8. Tax-free cap on home loan interest from Rs. 1.5 to Rs. 2 lakh.
9. No change in Income tax rates and slab .
10. Annual PPF ceiling to be enhanced to Rs 1.5 lakh, from Rs 1 lakh
11. Women Safety: i. Outlay of Rs. 50 crores for a pilot scheme on road safety ii. Another 150 crores to be spent by MHA on safety on women in larger cities iii. 'Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana' - 100 crores
12. Rs 3600 cr set aside for National Rural Drinking Water: FM
13. Rural housing: Rs 8000 crore for national housing banking programme
14. Metro rails in PPP mode; Rs. 100 cr set aside for metro scheme in Ahmadabad and Lucknow
15. Each year government will be adding AIIMS to ensure there is an AIIMS in every state: Jaitley
16. Rs 100 crores to set up virtual classrooms.
17. Rs 500 crores for setting up 5 more IIMs and IITs
18. FM Proposes to enhance the scope of income tax settlement commission
19. Rs 7,060 crore allocated for building new cities
20. Rs 200 crores credit scheme for start-ups by those from scheduled castes and tribes
21. 15 Braille press to come up.
22. Currency note with Braille-like signs
23. Minimum pension of Rs.1000 per month to all PP schemes.
24. Rs 50,548 cr proposed for SC development
25. Bharat Swach Yojna proposed for hygiene and cleanliness.
26. Rs. 200 crore for Statue of Unity, a statue of Sardar Patel in Gujarat.
27. Rs. 1000 cr for irrigation plan named Pradhan mantri krishi sichayin yojana.
28. e-visa for nine cities.
29. Rs. 7060 cr for creating smart cities.
30. Assam and Jharkhand to get Centre of Excellence on farming
31. Rs. 100 crores for modernization of Madrasas
32. Jaitley announces Skill India, a programme to train youth for jobs
33. Rural housing: Rs 8000 crores for national housing banking programme
34. Senior Citizens Pension Plan Extended Till August 2015
35. Rs. 500 crore for price stabilization fund.
36. 100 soil testing laboratories across the country.
37. Agriculture University in AP and Rajasthan, and Horticulture University in Haryana, Telangana; Rs. 200 cr set aside
38. An AIIMS will be created in every state.
39. All six new AIIMS are functional. Four more AIIMS under consideration. 12 more medical colleges will be added. Rs. 500 crore allocated for this.
40. Govt allocates Rs 500 cr for Internet connectivity in villages
41. Crisis Management Center for women at Delhi
42. Start up village at Rs 100 crore to promote entrepreneurship among rural youth.
43. Rs. 14,389 crores for PM Sadak Yojana
44. Rs 200 crore allocated to set up six textiles clusters
Railway Budget Highlights
Railways will play a role in building a dynamic India Target to make India the largest freight carrier of the world Highest-ever plan outlay of Rs 65,445 crore (US$ 10.95 billion) with budgetary support of Rs 30,100 crore (US$ 5.03 billion) Leveraging of Railway PSU resources by bringing in their investible surplus funds in infrastructure projects of the Railways 5 new Jansadharan trains, 5 Premium and 6 AC trains, 27 new Express trains, 8 new passenger services, 5 DEMU services and 2 MEMU services to be introduced and run of 11 trains to be extended Bullet train proposed on identified Mumbai–Ahmedabad sector Increasing of speed of trains to 160–200 km/h in select 9 sectors 23 projects underway in the Northeast; Rs 5,100 crore (US$ 853.8 million) allocated for Northeast projects Diamond Quadrilateral network to connect major metros through High Speed Rails (HSR); funds worth Rs 100 crore (US$ 16.74 million) allocated for high speed project 18 surveys for new lines, 10 for doubling and extending previous lines to be initiated
Provision of Rs 1,785 crore (US$ 298.8 million) for Road-over-bridges and Road-under-bridges; speedy clearances, online design standardisation and decentralised sanctioning powers Provision of foot-over bridges, escalators, lifts, etc., at all major stations, including through PPP route. E-ticketing to support 7,200 users per second Ready-to-eat meals of reputed brands to be served in trains Outsourced cleaning activities in 50 stations; up to 40 per cent hike in allocation for cleanliness Advanced technology for rail-flaw detection – Vehicle Borne Ultrasonic Flaw Detection System to detect rail and weld fractures and pilot trials on Ultrasonic Broken Rail Detection System (UBRD) at two locations Harnessing of solar energy by utilising rooftop spaces of stations, railway buildings and land including through PPP mode Paperless office in Railways in next five years All trains to be wi-fi enabled. Mobile based wakeup call system Dedicated freight corridors on eastern and western routes Eco tourism education tourism for northeastern states Separate housekeeping wings at 50 major stations 17,000 rail police constables, 4,000 women police for security
Countries, Capitals and Their Currencies Countries Capitals Currencies Australia Canberra Australian Dollar Afghanistan Kabul Afghani Algeria Algiers Dinar Argentina Buenos Aires Peso Austria Vienna Euro Bangladesh Dhaka Taka Belgium City of Brussels Euro Brazil Brasilia Real Canada Ottawa Canadian Dollar China Beijing Yuan Cuba Havana Cuban Peso Cambodia Phnom Penh Cambodian Riel Cyprus Nicosia Euro Denmark Copenhagen Krone Egypt Cairo Egyptian Pound Ethiopia Addis Ababa Ethiopian Birr Estonia Tallinn Kroon Ecuador Quito United States Dollar
France, Finland Paris, Helsinki Euro Fiji Suva Fijian Dollar Germany, Greece Berlin, Athens Euro Ghana Accra Ghana Cedi Guernsey Saint Peter Port Guernsey Pound Gambia Banjul Gambian dalasi India New Delhi Indian Rupee Indonesia Jakarta Indonesian Rupiah Iran Tehran Rial Iraq Baghdad Iraqi Diner Ireland, Italy Dublin, Rome Euro Israel Jerusalem Israeli new shekel Iceland Reykjavik Icelandic Krona Japan Tokyo Japanese Yen Jamaica Kingston Jamaican Dollar Jordan Amman Jordanian dinar Kenya Nairobi Kenyan Shilling Kuwait Kuwait City Kuwaiti Dinar Korea Seoul South Korean Won Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Ringgit Mexico Mexico City Mexican Peso Malta Valletta Maltese lira Nigeria Abuja Nigerian Naira Netherlands Amsterdam Euro Norway Oslo Norwegian Krone New Zealand Wellington New Zealand Dollar Nepal Kathmandu Nepalese Rupee Namibia Windhoek Namibian Dollar Pakistan Islamabad Pakistani Rupee Peru Lima Peruvian Nuevo Sol Portugal Lisbon Euro Russia Moscow Russian Ruble Romania Bucharest Romanian Leu
Sweden Stockholm Swedish Krona Switzerland Bern Swiss Franc Sri Lanka Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte Sri Lankan Rupee Spain Madrid Euro Thailand Bangkok Thai baht Taiwan Taipei New Taiwan Dollar Turkey Ankara Turkish Lira United Kingdom London Pound United States Washington, D.C. United States Dollar Uruguay Montevideo Uruguayan Dollar Venezuela Caracas Venezuelan Bolivar Yugoslavia Belgrade Yugoslav Dinar Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwean dollar Zambia Lusaka Zambian Kwacha
INDIAN STATES AND THEIR DANCES
STATE NAME OF THE DANCE Andhra Pradesh Kuchipudi, Kolattam, Dhimsa, Veeranatyam Arunachal Pradesh Bardo Chham Assam Bihu, Jumar, Bagurumba, Ali Ai Ligang Bihar Paika, Kajari, Bidesia, Jhijhian Chhattisgarh Panthi, Raut Nacha Gujarat Raas, tippani, Padhar, Garba Haryana Dhamal, Daph, Phag, Ghoomar, Jhumar, Loor Himachal Pradesh Kinnauri Nati, Namgen Jharkhand Karma Jammu & Kashmir Kud, Dumhal, Rouf, Bhand Pather, Bachha Nagma, Hafiza Dance, Bhand Jashan, Wuegi-Nachun Karnataka Yakshagna, Bayalata, Dollu Kunitha, Veeragaase dance Kerala Mohiniattam, Kathakali, Padayani
Madhya Pradesh Tertali, Charkula, Jawara, Matki dance, Phulpati dance, Maanch, Gaur Maria, Grida Maharashtra Pavri Nach, Lavani, Dangi, Koli Manipur Thang Ta, Dhol Cholom Mizoram Cheraw Dance Nagaland Chang Lo or Sua Lua Odisha Ghumura, Chau, Goti Pua, Nacni, Odissi, Dhap, Dalkhai, Baag Naach Punjab Bhangra, Jhumar, Karthi, Kikkli, Malwai Giddha, Sammi, Jindua Rajasthan Ghoomar, Kalbelia, Bhavai, Chirami, Gair, Tera Tali Sikkim Singh Chaam Tamil Nadu Bharata Natyam, Devarattam, Kamandi, Kummi, Karagattam, Mayil Attam, Paampu attam, Oyilattam Telangana Perini Thandavam, Lambadi, Dappu, Tappeta Gullu, Burra Katha, Pagati Vesham Tripura Hojagiri Uttar Pradesh Charkula, Kathak, Karma, Dadra Uttarakhand Barada Nati, Botiya, Cancheri, Chhapelia, Choliya, Jagars, Jhora, Romala Goa Dekhnni, Fugdi, Corridinho, Dashavatara Meghalaya Nongkrem, Shad Suk mynsiem, Behdienkhalm, Lahoo West Bengal Gambhira, Kalikapatadi, Nanci, Alkap, Domni
Authors and their Books
• A.P.J. Abdul Kalam :- Wings of Fire, Ignited Minds, Target 3 Milion, The luminous
Spark, India 2020, Mision India, Indomitable Spirt, The Life Tre, India My Dream,
Inspirng Thoughts, Thoughts for Change, Spirt of India, Evolution of Enlightened
Societies, India Wins Fredom, You are Born to Blosom, Turning Point.
• Amrita Pritam :- Forty Nine Days
• Anil Padmanaban :- Kalpana Chawla – A Life
• Anita Desai :- Fasting, Feasting
• Anie Besant :- Wakeup India
• Arundhati Roy :- The God of Smal Things
• Barack Obama :- Dreams From My Father
• Bil Clinton :- My Life
• C.S. Pandit :- End of the Era
• Chetan Bhagat :- The 3 Mistakes of My Life, Five Point Someone, Two States,
Revolution 2020, One Night at he Cal Center
• Diplomat Pavan K.Varma :- When Los is Gain
• Dr. Bimal Jalan :- The Future of India
• Dr. S. Radhakrishnan :- Indian Philosophy
• Dr. S. RadhaKrishnan :- Indian Philosophy
• Dr. Salim Ali :- The bok of Indian Birds
• E K Nayanar :- My Strugle
• G.D. Khosla :- Last Days of Nethaji
• Indira Gandhi :- My Truth
• Jackie Chan :- My Life in Action
• Jawaharlal Nehru :- Glimpses of World History, The Discovery of Indiawww.BankExamsToday.com
• Jonathan Swift :- Guliver Travels
• K. R. Malkani :- India First
• Kalidasa :- Megdot, kumarasambhava, Swapnavasavadata, Malavikagnimitra
• Kautilya :- Arthashastra
• Khuswant Singh :- We Indians, Train To Pakistan, Women and Men in My Life
• Koutilya :- Arthashastra
• L.K. Advani :- My Nation My Life
• Lala Lajpat Rai :- Unhapy India
• Leo Tolstoy :- War and Piece
• Mahatma Gandhi :- My Experiments with Truth
• Mrs. Indira Gandhi :- Eternal India
• N.R. Narayan Murthy :- A Beter India A Beter World
• Nandan Nilekani :- Imagining India
• Narendra Modi :- Jyoti punj
• P. V. Narasimha Rao :- Ayodhya
• Panini :- Ashtadhyayi
• R. C. Dut :- Economic History of India
• R.K. Narayanan :- My Days, The Guide, Malgudi days, Waitng for the Mahatma, The
Dark Rom, The Bachelors of Art, The English Teacher, The Financial Expert
• Rabindranath Tagore :- Lipika, Chandralika, Chitra, Gethanjali, Gora, Ghare, Broken
Ties, Malini, Sacrifce, Two Sisters ,Bhaire, Chaturanga
• RBI Governor Raghuram Rajan: Aid and Growth, Fault Lines, India’s Patern of
Development, The Real Efect of Banking Crises Controled Capital Acount
Liberalization
• S.K. Banerje :- Independence
• Sarojini Naidu :- Broken Wing, Golden Thresholdwww.BankExamsToday.com
• Shakespeare :- Hamlet, Othelo, Macbeth, King Lear
• Sharat Chandra Chaterje :- Devdas
• Shiv Khera :- Living with Honour
• Sir Arthur Conan Doyle :- The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
• Sunil Gavaskar :- One Day Wonders
• Swami Vivekananda :- Inspired Talks, The Sleping Giant, Living at he State, Way of the Saint, Jnana Yoga, Raja Yoga, My Master, Women of India, Vedanta Philosophy
• Tolstoy :- War and Piece
• V.S Naipoul :- Half a Life
• V.V. Gir :- My life and Times
• Valmiki :- Ramayana
• Veda Vyas :- Bhagwad Gita, Mahabharata
• Vikram Seth :- Two Lives, The Golden Gate, A Suitable Boy, Arion and The Dolphin,
An Equal Music, From Heaven Lake:Travels
• Vishnu Sharma :- Panchatantra
• Yan Martel :- Life of Pi List of Books and Authors 2014 for Bank Exams
1. Book Name: Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi Author: Faraz Ahmad
2. Book Name: Gujarat‘s Success Story in Water Management Author: Sriram Vedire
3. Book Name: Munger through the Ages Author: Devendra Prasad yadav
4. Book Name: Strictly Personal, Manmohan and Gursharan Author: Daman Singh
5. Book Name: One Life is not Enough Author: Kunwar Natwar Singh
6. Book Name: Vijay Mallya Author: K. Giri Prakash
7. Book Name: Coffee-Table Author: K. Giri Prakash
8. Book Name: A book Blood feud: the Clinton vs. the Obamas Author: Edward Klein
9. Book Name: Warrior State Author: T V paul
10. Book Name: A Bad Character Author: Deepti Kapoor
11. Book Name: The Substance and the Shadow, biography of Dilip kumar Author: Uday Tara Nayar
12. Book Name: Getting India Back on Track Author: Bibek Debroy, Ashley tellis and reece trevor
13. Book Name: India Junction – A Window to the Nation Author: Arunendra Kumar, the Chairman of Railway Board
14. Book Name: My years with Rajiv and Sonia Author: R.D. Pradhan, Union Home Secretary and Governor of Arunachal Pradesh
15. Book Name: A Stamp is Born Author: C.R. Prakashi
16. Book Name: The candidate Author: Anirudh Bhattacharya, Indian Journalist
17. Book Name: Hillary Clinton‘s Author: Hillary Clinton
18. Book Name: The Accidental Prime Minister Author: Sanjaya Baru
19. Book Name: Lal Bahadur Shastri: Lessons in Leadership Author: Anil Shastri and Pavan Choudary
20. Book Name: Rationalised Roman for Kashmiri Author: Dr R L Bhat 21. Book Name: The biography of Narendra Modi Author: Andy Marino 22. Book Name: India at Risk Author: Jaswanth Singh 23. Book Name: Akbar, The Aesthete in New Delhi Author: Dr. Indu Anand 24. Book Name: Ambedkar Awakening India‘s Social Consience Author: Dr. Narendra Jadhav. Member of Planning Commission 25. Book Name: The Meaning of Success: Insights of Women Author: Cambridge University 26. Book Name: Public Issues before Parliament Author: Vijay Darda 27. Book Name: Arun Jaitley, BJP Leader Author: Sameer Kochhar 28. Book Name: Akbar, The Aesthete in New Delhi Author: Dr. Indu Anand 29. Book Name: ModiNomics Author: Sameer Kochhar 30. Book Name: India‘s Political and Foreign Relations with the Gulf Region Author: Prof AK Pasha 31. Book Name: Sangharsh ke safar ka nayak Mulayam Author: Nayak Mulayam 32. Book Name: Nirbhaya Ek Atmachintan Written by: Justice Chandrasekhar Dharamadhikari
33. Book Name: Unbreakable Unveiled
Author: Mary Kom
IMPORTANT DAYS
January
January 1 ——— Global Family Day January 10 ——— World Laughter Day January 15 ——— Army Day January 23 ——— Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose‘s birth anniversary January 26 ——— Republic Day January 26 ——— International Customs day January 28 ——— Birth anniversary of Lala Lajpat Rai January 28 ——— Data Protection Day January 30 ——— World Leprosy Eradication Day
February
February 4 ——— World Cancer Day February 5 ——— Kashmir Day February 6 ——— International Day against Female Genital Mutilation February 12 ——— Darwin Day February 12 ——— World Day of the Sick February 14 ——— Valentine‘s Day February 20 ——— World Day of Social Justice February 21 ——— International Mother Language Day
February 23 ——— World Peaces and Understanding Day
March
March 4 ——— World Day of the Fight Against Sexual Exploitation March 8 ——— International Womens‘ Day March 13 ——— World Kidney Day March 13 ——— World Rotaract Day March 15 ——— World Consumer Rights Day March 20 ——— International Day of the Francophonie March 20 ——— World Day of Theatre for Children and Young People March 21 ——— World Sleep Day March 21 ——— World Forestry Day March 21 ——— International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. March 22 ——— World Water Day March 23 ——— World Meteorological Day March 24 ——— World TB Day March 24 ——— International Day for Achievers
March 25 ——— International Day of Remembrance – Victims of Slavery and Transatlantic Slave Trade March 27 ——— World Drama Day
April
April 2 ——— World Austism Awareness Day April 7 ——— World Health Day April 17 ——— World Haemophilia Day April 18 ——— World heritage Day April 22 ——— Earth Day April 23 ——— World Book and Copyright Day April 25 ——— World Malaria Day April 29 ——— International Dance Day
May
May 1 ——— International Labour day May 3 ——— Press Freedom Day May 4 ——— Coal Miners day May 8 ——— World Red Cross day May 9 ——— Victory Day May 11 ——— National Technology Day May 12 ——— International Nurses day May 14 ——— World Migratory day May 15 ——— International Day of the Family May 17 ——— World Information Society Day May 21 ——— Anti-Terrorism Day May 31 ——— World No Tobacco Day
June
June 4 ——— International day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression June 5 ——— World Environment Day June 7 ——— International Level Crossing Awareness Day June 8 ——— World oceans Day June 12 ——— World Day against Child Labour June 14 ——— World Blood Donor day June 17 ——— World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought June 20 ——— World Refugee Day June 23 ——— United Nations Public Service Day June 23 ——— International widow‘s day June 26 ——— International Day against Drug Abuse and IIlicit Trafficking June 27 ——— International Diabetes Day
July
July 1 ——— National doctor‘s Day July 11 ——— World Population Day July 12 ——— Malala Day July 18 ——— Nelson Mandela International Day July 28 ——— World Nature Conservation day July 30 ——— International Day of Friendship
August
August 3 ——— Independence Day of Niger August 5 ——— Independence Day of Upper Volta August 9 ——— International day of the World‘s Indigenous People August 12 ——— International Youth Day August 15 ——— Independence Day (India ) August 23 ——— Internatinal Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition August 29 ——— National Sports Day ( Birthday of Dhyan Chand )
September
September 5 ——— Teacher‘s Day (Dr. Radhakrishnan‘s Birth Day) September 7 ——— Forgiveness Day September 8 ——— International Literacy Day September 14 ——— Hindi day,World First Aid Day September 16 ——— World Ozone Day September 21 ——— International Day of Peace, World Alzheimer‘s day September 25 ——— Social Justice Day September 27 ——— World Tourism Day
October
October 1 ——— International Day of Older Persons October 2 ——— International day of Non-Violence October 3 ——— World Nature Day, World Habitat Day October 4 ——— World Animal Day October 5 ——— World Teacher‘s Day October 8 ——— Indian Airforce Day October 9 ——— World Post Day October 11 ——— International Girl Child Day October 12 ——— World Arthritis Day October 14 ——— World Standards Day October 15 ——— World Students Day October 16 ——— World Food day October 17 ——— International Day for the Eradication of Poverty October 20 ——— World Statistics Day October 24 ——— United Nations Day October 31 ——— World Thrift Day
November
November 1 ——— world vegan Day November 5 ——— World Radiography Day November 9 ——— World Services Day November 14 ——— Children‘s Day ( Birth Anniversary of Jawaharlal Nehru ) November 16 ——— International Day for Endurance November 17 ——— International students Day November 17 ——— National Journalism Day November 18 ——— World Adult Day November 19 ——— World Citizen Day November 20 ——— Universal Children‘s Day November 21 ——— World Television Day November 21 ——— World Fisheries day November 25 ——— World Non-veg Day November 26 ——— Law Day November 30 ——– Flag Day
December
December 1 ——— World AIDS Day December 2 ——— World Computer Literacy Day December 2 ——— International Day for the Abolition of Slavery December 3 ——— International Day of People with Disability December 3 ——— World Conservation Day December 4 ——— Navy Day December 5 ——— International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development December 7 ——— International Civil Aviation Day December 9 ——— The International Day Against Corruption December 10 ——— International Day of Broadcasting December 10 ——— Human Rights Day December 11 ——— International Mountain Day December 14 ——— World Energy Day December 18 ——— International Migrants Day December 19 ——— Goa‘s Liberation Day December 20 ——— International Human Solidarity Day December 29 ——— International Biodiversity Day
List of Heads and Head Quarters of International Organizations S.No. International Organization Head Head Quarters
1 International Civil Aviation Robert Kobeh Gonzalez Montreal, Quebec, Organization Canada
2 Food and Agriculture Jose Graziano da Silva Quebec City, Canada Organization
3 International Atomic Energy Yukiya Amano Vienna, Austria Agency
4 United Nations Children‘s Fund Anthony Lake New York City
5 United Nations Educational, Irina Bokova De Fontenoy, Paris Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
6 United Nations High Navanenthem Pillay Geneva, Switzerland Commissioner for Human Rights
7 United Nations High Antonio Guterres Geneva, Switzerland Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
8 United Nations Industrial Li Yong Vienna, Austria Development Organization (UNIDO)
9 World Food Programme (WFP) Ertharin Cousin Rome, Italy
10 World Health Organization Margaret Chan Geneva, Switzerland (WHO)
11 World Tourism Organization Taled Rifai Madrid, Spain (UNWTO)
Political and Economic Organizations
12 Asia Pacific Economic Muhamad Noor Yacob Singapore Cooperation (APEC)
13 Association of Southeast Asian H.E. Le Loung Jakarta, Indonesia Nations (ASEAN)
14 Caribbean Community Irwin LaRocque George Town, Guyana
15 Central American Parliament Dorindo Cortez Gutamela
16 Common Market of East and Sindiso Ngwenya Lusaka, Zambia Southern Africa (COMESA)
17 Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Jakarta, Indonesia
18 Shanghai Cooperation Bolat Nurgaliyev Kazakhstan Organization
19 World Trade Organization Roberto Azevedo Geneva, Switzerland
Financial Organizations
20 Asian Development Bank Haruhiko Kuroda Mandaluyong City, Metro Manila, Philippines.
21 African Development Bank Donald Kaberuka Abidjan, near Ivory coast
22 European Bank for Suma Chakrabarti London Reconstruction and Development
23 Inter-American Development Luis Alberto Moreno Washington DC Bank (IADB)
24 International Monetary Fund Christine Lagarde Washington D.C.
25 Islamic Development Bank (IDB) Ahmad Mohamad Ali Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
26 World Bank Jim Yong Kim Washington DC
Sports Organizations
27 Confederation of North, Central Jeffrey Webb Miami, Florida US America and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF)
28 Federation International Kirsan IIyumzhinov Athens, Greece Des Eches (FIDE)
29 Federation Internationale de Sepp Blatter Zurich, Switzerland Football Association (FIFA)
30 International Cricket Council N. Srinivasan Dubai, UAE (ICC)
31 International Olympic Committee Thomas Bach Lausanne, (IOC) Switzerland
PRADHAN MANTRI JAN DHAN YOJANA
Modi announced the project on 15th August and was implemented from 28th of August. Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) : Slogan – Mera Khata, Bhagya Vidata. If everyone has a bank account then the subsidies for the poor can be transferred to their accounts instead of sending it through corrupted people and agencies. The premium on accident insurance will be paid by the NPCI. It is safer to have a bank account rather than going to scam-filled private lenders and institutions. Every bank (both public and private) will be part of this scheme. This mission will be completed in two phases: one from 15th August 2014 to 14th August 2015 and the other from 15th August 2015.
SUMMITS 2014 AND THEIR VENUES
[1]6th BRICS summit:
It was hosted by Brazil, as the first host country of the current five-year summit cycle. Host city was Fortaleza. Argentine President Cristina Kirchner was a special guest of the summit.
Date- 14 July 2014–16 July 2014
Core BRICS members
Brazil ---- Dilma Rousseff (President)
Russia ------Vladimir Putin (President)
India ------Narendra Modi (Prime Minister)
China ------Xi Jinping (President)
South Africa ------Jacob Zuma (President)
[2]Business 20 (B20) Australia Summit:
Held in – Sydney
On- 18 July 2014
Chaired by- Richard Goyder, Managing Director and CEO of Wesfarmers.The business leaders of G20 met in this summit.
[3]SAARC Monsoon Initiative Programme National Working Group
Organised in – Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, Held on – 20 June 2014
The monsoon initiative is the part of Thimphu Statement on Climate Change adopted at the16th SAARC summit in Thimphu in 2010.
[4]Organization for Security and Co-operation (OSCE) – Japan Conference
Held in – Tokyo
Date- 17 June 2014
The two-day Conference was hosted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan.
[5]ATOMEXPO-2014 Nuclear Energy Forum
Date- 9 to 11 June 2014
Held in – Moscow
The first ATOMEXPO was held in 2009 and is an initiative of Russia‘s State Nuclear Energy
Corporation Rosatom.
[6]40th G-7 summit 2014
Held in- Brussels
Date- 4 June 2014 – 5 June 2014
It was the first time that the EU hosted a G7 summit.
Originally, a G8 summit was scheduled to take place in Sochi (Russia) in early June 2014 under a Russian presidency. Due to the Russian Federation's violation of Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity, the G7 leaders decided to meet in Brussels on 4-5 June
2014 in the G7 format instead.
[7]BIMSTEC Summit
3rd BIMSTEC summit 2014: Nay Pyi Taw (Myanmar)
4th BIMSTEC summit will be held in Nepal.
Nuclear Security Summit:-
● 2nd Summit 2012 – Seoul, South Korea.
● 3rd Summit 2014 - Hague, Netherland
● 4th Summit 2016 - United States
G 8 Summit :-
● 39th Summit 2013: United Kingdom. (Northern Ireland)
● G‐8 Countries: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, Britain and the US.
● 40th G‐7 summit 2014 held at Brussels.
G 20 Summit:-
● G‐20 meeting (2014) of Finance ministers and central bank governors held in Sydney
(Australia).
● G20 Leaders Summit (2014) will be held in Brisbane, Queensland Australia, in November
2014.
SAARC Summit :-
● 3rd SAARC ministerial meet on poverty alleviation 2013 Kathmandu (Nepal)
● 18th SAARC Summit 2014‐ Kathmandu (proposed)
NATO Summit :‐
● NATO Summit 2014 will be held in Britain. (Britain last hosted the summit in 1990, when
Margret Thatcher was Prime Minister)
IBSA Summit:-
● India will host the next summit of IBSA (India, Brazil, South Africa) in New Delhi in
2015.
OTHERS SUMMITS
● 18th BASIC Ministerial Meeting held in New Delhi.
BASIC - (Brazil, South Africa, India and China)
Note : 17th Meeting on Climate Change was held in Hanzghou, Chinawww.edugeeks.in www.edugeeks.in www.edugeeks.in
● ASEAN foreign-minister-meeting held in Myanmar.
● Fifth Indo-US Strategic Dialogue held in New Delhi during which the two sides discussed ―transformativeinitiatives‖ in key areas of security and energy.
● 3rd India-Africa Summit will be held in New Delhi.
● 6th International Nuclear Energy Forum ATOMEXPO-2014 held in Moscow.
● World Economic Forum 2014: held in Abuja (Nigeria). Bharti Enterprises founder and
Chairman Sunil Bharti Mittal co– chair this year‘s edition of the World Economic Forum on Africa
List of awards and their fields in India
1. Grammy – Music 2. Tansen Award- Music 3. Magsaysay Award- Public Service, Leadership, Journalism, Literature and creative arts and international understanding 4. Man Booker prize: Authors of Novels 5. Pulitzer – Journalism and Literature 6. Bowelay – Agriculture 7. Right Livelihood Award: Field of environment and social justics 8. Kalinga – Science 9. Dhanwantri – Medical science 10. Bhatnagar – Science 11. Nobel prize – Peace, Literature, Economics, Physics, Chemistry, Medical science 12. Shaurya Chakra- Civilian or Military Personnel 13. Ashok Chakra: Civilians 14. Param Vir Chakra- Military 15. Abel-Maths 16. Kalidas Samman- Classical Music, Classical Dance and Arts 17. Vyas Samman- Literature 18. Merlin-Magic 19. Bharat ratna-Art, Science, Public services, Sports 20. Bhartiya Jnanpeeth Award: Literary 21. Sahitya Akademi Award: Literary 22. Dhanvantri Award: Medical Sciences 23. R.D. Birla Award: Medical sciences 24. Lenin Peace Prize: Peace and Friendship 25. Juliet Curie Award: Peace 26. Sahitya Akademi Award- Books in Indian Languages and Ebnglish 27. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award- Science and Technology 28. Sangeet-Natak Akademi Award- Music, dance and Drama 29. Lalit Kala Akademi Award- Arts
Sports Awards 30. Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna: Players 31. Dronacharya Award: Sports coaches 32. Dhyan Chand- Sports 33. Ekalavya Award- Sports 34. Kolanka Cup- Ekalavya Award- Sports 35. Arjuna Award: Sport 36. Maharaja Ranjit Singh- Ekalavya Award- Sports
Film Awards 37. Oscar – Film 38. Dada sahib phalke – Film 39. BAFTA Awards- Television, Films, Video Games and Animation
40. Asianet Film Awards 41. Nandi Awards 42. cinema Awards 43. Vijay Awards 44. SIIMA Awards 45. Sun Kudumbam Awards 46. Santhosham Awards 47. Screen Awards
Persons Appointed in 2014 Aruna Bahugana – First Women to be appointed as Chief of National Police Academy Ajoy Misra – CEO & MD of Tata Global beverages Limited Arun Gupta – CMD of Shipping Corporation of India Aditi Khanna – First women president of Indian Journalist‘s Association A.B.Pandya – Chairman of Central Water Commission A.K. Dubey – Chairman of Coal India limited (CIL) Amitabh Bachchan – Maharashtra‘s horticulture ambassador B Ashok – Chairman of Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) Chandrasekhar – NASSCOM Presidents Chandrashekhar Rao – First CM of Telangana Dinesh Sarraf – ONGC Chief D K Pathak – Director General of BSF Emma Watson – UN Goodwill Ambassador Gopal Vittal – MD & CEO of Bharti Airtel G. Rohini – First women Chief Justice of Delhi High Court Harish rawat – 8th Chief Minister Uttarakhand Hiroshi Naka – Vice President and Auditor General of World Bank Ibrahim Mahlab – Egypt Prime Minister Janet Yellen – Chairperson of Federal Reserve Jamila Bayaz – First women to be appointed as police chief of kabul Justice Ashok Kumar Mathur – Chaiman of 7th Central pay Commission Jatinder Bir Singh – CMD of Punjab and Sind Bank (PSB) Jens Stoltenberg – Secretary General of North Atlantic Traty Organisation (NATO) Justice Arun Mishra, Justice Adarsh Kumar and Justice Rohington F nairman – Supreme Court Judges Kailash Meghwal – Rajasthan Assembly Speaker Kavery Benerjee – Secretary, Department of Posts KN Tripathi – 22nd Governor of West Bengal Kaptan Singh Solanki – Governor of Haryana Morten Sorby – Uninor CEO Manoj Kohli – MD & CEO of non telecom business of Bharti Enterprises Michel Rogers – Director of NSA Manoj Vaish – MD & CEO of MCX M Teresa – Country Director of Asian Development Bank (ADB) Matteo Renzi – Italy PM M S Mehta – CEO of Reliance Infrastruture Merie-Lousie Coleiro Preca – President of Malta
Mukul Rohatgi – 14th Attorny – General of India N Ramachandran – President of Indian Olympic Association (IOA) Narendra Kumar – MD of ONGC Videsh Ltd. (OVL) Nripendra Misra- Principal Secretary of OPM, Narendra Modi Pradhyuman Singh – 14th Pro-tem speaker of Rajasthan Assembly Professor Rakesh Kurana – Dean of Harvard College Priyadharshi Mohapatra – Managing Director of SAARC Operations PK Mishra – Additional Principal Secretary for Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha – PM of Thailand Raj Jain – CEO of Bharti Retail R.K. Tiwari – Chairman of Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) Rakesh Sethi – CMD of Allahabad bank Rajiv Takru – New revenue Secretary R Gandhi – Deputy Governor of RBI Ravi Chauhan – Managing Director SAP H L DATTU – Chief Justice of India Rajeev Suri – President and CEO of Nokia Corporation Rajeev Topno – Private Principal Secretary for Prime Minister Ram Naik – 27th Governor of UP Rajni Razdan – UPSC Chairperson S.K. Sharma – Chairman and Managing Director of BEL Srinivas and Pravin Rao – Infosys Presidents Sirajuddin Querishi – IICC Presidents Satya Nadella – Microsoft CEO Sanjeev Kulkarni – Dean of Princeton University P SATHASIVAM – New Governor of Kerala Soma Mondal – First Women Director of NALCO Sunil Gavaskar – Interim President of BCCI Sanjay Kapoor – Micromax Chairman S S Mundra – Fourth RBI deputy Governor Varun Berry – Managing Director of Britannia Industries Vinod Sawhny – CEO of Reliance Communications Vishal Sikka – CEO Infosys Y Sudarshan rao – Chairman of Indian Council of Historical Research (ICHR)
Top Crop Producing States in India 2014
Apple: Jammu & Kashmir Rice: West Bengal Bajra: Rajasthan Bamboos: Assam Bananas: Tamilnadu Barley: Uttar Pradesh Cashewnut: Kerala Chillies: Maharashtra Cotton: Gujarat Wheat: Uttar Pradesh
Maize: Andhra Pradesh Gram & Pulses: Madhya Pradesh Ground Nut: Gujarat Jute: West Bengal Mango: Uttar Pradesh Maize: Uttar Pradesh Mustard: Rajasthan Onion: Maharashtra Pepper: Kerala Paddy: West Bengal Potato: Uttar Pradesh Ragi: Karnataka Rubber: Kerala Silk: Karnataka Sugarcane: Uttar Pradesh Soyabean: Madhya Pradesh Sunflower: Karnataka Tea: Assam Tobacco: Andhra Pradesh Turmeric: Andhra Pradesh Wheat: Uttar Pradesh Tur: Uttar Pradesh Coconut: Kerala
States, chief ministers and their governors
Chief Ministers & Governors of Indian States
S. NO State and U.T. Chief Minister Governor
1 Andaman & Nicobar U.T. A. K. Singh (Lieutenant-Governor)
2 Andhra Pradesh N.Chandrababu Naidu Shri. E. S. L. Narasimhan
3 Arunachal Pradesh Nabam Tuki Nirbhay Sharma
4 Assam Shri Tarun Gogoi Janaki Ballabh Patnaik
5 Bihar Jitan Ram Manjhi DY Patil
6 Chandigarh U.T. Shri Shivraj V. Patil (Administrator)
7 Chhattisgarh Dr. Raman Singh Shri Balramji Dass Tandon
8 Goa Shri Manohar Parrikar Mridula Sinha
9 Gujarat Anandiben Patel Shri Om Prakash Kohli
Shri Bhupinder Singh
10 Haryana Kaptan Singh Solanki Hooda
11 Himachal Pradesh Virbhadra Singh Urmila Singh
12 Jammu and Kashmir Omar Abdullah Narinder Nath Vohra
13 Jharkhand Hemant Soren Dr. Syed Ahmed
14 Karnataka Shri K. Siddaramaiah Vajubhai Rudabhai Vala
15 Kerala Shri Oommen Chandy P. Sathasivam
16 Madhya Pradesh Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan Ram Naresh Yadav
17 Maharashtra President's rule Chennamaneni Vidyasagar Rao
18 Manipur Shri Okram Ibobi Singh K. K. Paul (Acting Governor)
19 Meghalaya Mukul Sangma K. K. Paul
20 Mizoram Pu Lalthanhawla Shri Vinod Kumar Duggal
21 Nagaland T R Zeliang Shri Padmanabha Balakrishna Acharya
22 New Delhi Arvind Kejriwal (resigned) Najeeb Jung (Lieutenant-Governor)
23 Odisha Sh. Naveen Patnaik Shri S. C. Jamir
24 Puducherry Shri N. Rangasamy Ajay Kumar Singh (Retd. Lt. General)
25 Punjab Shri Parkash Singh Badal Shri Shivraj Patil
26 Rajasthan Vasundhara Raje Kalyan Singh
Shri Pawan Kumar
27 Sikkim Shriniwas Dadasaheb Patil Chamling
28 Tamil Nadu O Panneerselvam Konijeti Rosaiah
29 Telangana K Chandrasekhar Rao ESL Narasimhan
Shri Vakkom Purushothaman (Additonal
30 Tripura Shri Manik Sarkar charge)
31 Uttar Pradesh Akhilesh Yadav Shri Ram Naik
32 Uttarakhand Harish Rawat Aziz Qureshi
33 West Bengal Km. Mamata Banerjee D Y Patil
Dadra and Nagar 34 U.T. Shri B.S. Bhalla (Administrator)
Haveli
35 Daman and Diu U.T. Shri B.S. Bhalla (Administrator)
36 Lakshadweep U.T. Shri H. Rajesh Prasad
FAMOUS TEMPLES IN INDIA
Temple Name Location
Rameshwaram Temple Ramanathapuram
Sun Temple Konark
Lotus Temple New Delhi
Akshardam Temple New Delhi
Jagannath Temple Puri
Sree Padmanabhaswamy Temple Thiruvananthapuram
Meenakshi Amman Temple Madhurai
Golden Temple Amritsar
Sai Baba Temple Shirdi
Vaishno Devi Mandir Katra
Shravana Belgola Hassan
Chennakesava Temple Belur
Hoysaleswara Temple Halebidu
Sabarimala Kottayam
Murugan Temple Palani
Badrinarayan Temple Badrinath
Dwarakadish Temple Dwarka
Siddhivinayak Temple Mumbai
Tirumala Venkateswara Temple Tirupathi
Brihadeeswarar Temple Thanjavur
Guravayur Temple Kerala
Lakshminarayan Temple Delhi
Ekambareswarar Temple Kanchipuram
Lingaraja Temple Bhubaneswar
Kamakya Temple Guwahati
Ghana Saraswati Temple Basar
Vadakkunnathan Temple Thrissur
Bhadrachalam Temple Bhadrachalam
Thyagaraja Temple Tiruvottiyur
Yogmaya Temple Kerala
Somnath Temple Gujarath
Kashi Vishwanath Temple Varanasi
Mansa Devi Temple Haridwar
Mahabaleshwar Temple Gokarna
Trimbakeshwar Temple Nashik
Brahma Temple Pushkar
Mahabodhi Temple Bodh Gaya
Ram Janmbhoomi Temple Ayodhya
IMPORTANT DAMS, STATES AND RIVER Dam Name State Name River Name
Nizam Sagar Dam Andhra Pradesh Manjira River
Somasila Dam Andhra Pradesh Pennar River
Prakasam Barrage Andhra Pradesh Krishna River
Dindi Reservoir Andhra Pradesh Krishna River
Tatipudi Reservoir Project Andhra Pradesh Gosthani River
Srisailam Dam Andhra Pradesh Krishna River
Singur Dam Andhra Pradesh
Gandipalem Reservoir Andhra Pradesh Gandipalem, Manneru River
Ramagundam Dam Andhra Pradesh Godavari River
Dummaguden Dam Andhra Pradesh Godavari River
Himayat Sagar Reservoir Andhra Pradesh River Musi
Shriram Sagar Reservoir Andhra Pradesh Godavari River
Banasura Sagar Dam Kerala Chalakudy River
Malampuzha Dam Kerala Malampuzha River
Idukki Dam Kerala Periyar river
Kundala Dam Kerala Parambikulam River
Parambikulam Dam Kerala Parambikulam River
Walayar Dam Kerala Walayar River
Mullaperiyar Dam Kerala Pennar River
Neyyar Dam Kerala Pennar River
Yeldari Dam Maharashtra Purna River
Ujani Dam Maharashtra Bhima River
Pawna Dam Maharashtra Pawna River
Mulshi Dam Maharashtra Mula River
Koyna Dam Maharashtra Koyna River
Jaikwadi Dam Maharashtra Godavari River
Bhatsa Dam Maharashtra Bhatsa and Chorna rivers
Wilson Dam Maharashtra Pravara River
Panshet Dam Maharashtra Mutha River
Kolkewadi Dam Maharashtra Koyna River
Girna Dam Maharashtra Girna and Godavari river
Bhandardara Dam Maharashtra Arthur Lake
Vaitarna Dam Maharashtra Vaitarna River
Radhanagari Dam Maharashtra Bhogawati River
Manair Dam Maharashtra Manair River
Khadakwasla Dam Maharashtra Mutha River
Balimela Reservoir Orissa Sileru River
Indravati Dam Orissa Indravati River
Hirakud Dam Orissa Mahanandi River
Vaigai Dam Tamil Nadu Vaigai River
Aliyar Reservoir Tamil Nadu Aliyar River
Chittar Reservoir Tamil Nadu Chittar River
Pechiparai Reservoir Tamil Nadu Kodayar River
Thunakadavu Reservoir Tamil Nadu Chalakudy River
Perunchani dam Tamil Nadu Paralayar River
Gundar Reservoir Tamil Nadu Berijam Lake
Kullursandai Reservoir Tamil Nadu Arjuna Nadi
Pambar Reservoir Tamil Nadu Pambar River
Periyar Reservoir Tamil Nadu Periyar River
Stanley Reservoir Tamil Nadu Kaveri River
Wellingdon Reservoir Tamil Nadu Periya Odai River
Mettur Dam Tamil Nadu Kaveri River
Bhavanisagar Reservoir Tamil Nadu Bhavani River
Kodaganar Reservoir Tamil Nadu Kodagananar River
Parambikulam Reservoir Tamil Nadu Parambikulam River
Thirumurthi Reservoir Tamil Nadu Parambikulam Aliyar River
Vembakottai Reservoir Tamil Nadu Vaippar River
Pariccha Dam Uttar Pradesh Betwa River
Rihand Project Uttar Pradesh Rihand River and Son River
Tehri Dam Uttarakhand Bhagirathi River
Dharoi Dam Gujarat Banas River
Kadana Dam Gujarat Mahi River
Dantiwada Dam Gujarat Sabarmati River
Pandoh Dam Himachal Pradesh Beas River
Bhakra Nangal Dam Himachal Pradesh Sutlej River
Nathpa Dam Himachal Pradesh Sutlej River
Chamera Dam Himachal Pradesh Ravi River
Gobind Sagar Reservoir Himachal Pradesh Sutlej River
Salal Project Jammu & Kashmir Chenab River
Baglihar Dam Jammu & Kashmir Chenab River
Dumakhar Hydroelectric Jammu & Kashmir Indus River Dam
Uri Hydroelectric Dam Jammu & Kashmir Jhelum River
Maithon Dam Jharkhand Barakar River
Chandil Dam Jharkhand Subarnarekha River
Panchet Dam Jharkhand Damodar river
Tunga Bhadra Dam Karnataka Tungabhadra and Krishna Rivers
Linganamakki Dam Karnataka Sharavathi River
Kadra Dam Karnataka Kalinadi River
Alamatti Dam Karnataka Krishna River
Supa Dam Karnataka Kali River
Krishna Raja Sagara Dam Karnataka Cauvery River
Harangi Dam Karnataka Cauvery River
Ghataprabha Reservoir Karnataka Ghataprabha River
Narayanpur Dam Karnataka Krishna River
Kodasalli Dam Karnataka Kali River
Rajghat Dam Madhya Pradesh Betwa River
Barna Dam Madhya Pradesh Barna River
Indirasagar Project Madhya Pradesh Narmada River
Narmada Dam Project Madhya Pradesh Narmada River
Bargi Dam Madhya Pradesh Narmada river
Bansagar Project Madhya Pradesh Son River
Gandhi Sagar Dam Madhya Pradesh Chambal River
Tawa Reservoir Madhya Pradesh Tawa River
List of Firsts in India First President Rajendra Prasad
First Women President Pratibha Patil
First Vice- President Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
First Home Minister of India Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel
First Women Chief Minister Sucheta Kriplani
First Women Cabinet Minister Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
First Women Railway Minister Mamata Banerjee
First Female Home Minister Sabitha Indra Reddy
First Women Governor Sarojini Naidu
Women Speaker of Lok Sabha Meira Kumar
Speaker of Lok Sabha G.V. Mavlankar
Finance Minister of Independent India R.K. Shanmukhan Chetty
Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru
First Women Prime Minister Indira Gandhi
Miss World Reita Faria
Miss Universe Sushmita Sen
Man Booker Prize Arundhati Roy for “ The God of Small Things”
Bharat Ratna Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, C. Rajagopalachari and C. V. Raman
Dadasaheb Phalke Award Devika Rani
Stalin Peace Prize Saifuddin Kitchlew
Magsaysay Award Vinoba Bhave
Oscar for Life Time Achievement Satyajit Roy
First Nobel Prize for Women Mother Teresa
First Man in Space Rakesh Sharma
First Women in Space Kalpana Chawla
First Satellite Aryabhatta
First Satellite for education EDUSAT
Metro Railway System Calcutta
First Technology park (Techno Park) Trivandrum
First Women IPS Officer Kiran Bedi
Nobel Prize in Literature Rabindranath Tagore
Nobel Prize in Physics C. V. Raman
Nobel Prize in Medicine Har Gobind Khorana
Nobel Peace Prize Mother Teresa
Nobel Prize in Economics Amartya Sen
Nobel Prize in Literature V. S. Naipaul
Nobel Prize in Chemistry Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
List of Famous Inventions, Discoveries and Their Inventors
Invention Inventor
Television J.L. Baird
Radio Marconi
Telephone Alexander Graham Bell
Electricity Benjamin Franklin
Electric Light Bulb Thomas Edison
Thermometer Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
Radium Marie Curie
Telescope Galileo
Telegraph Pavel Schilling
Electromagnetic Theory Heinrich Hertz
Theory of Relativity Albert Einstein
X-rays Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen
Cosmic Rays R.A. Millikan
Automobile Ferdinand Verbiest
Penicillin Sir Alexander Fleming
Insulin Frederick Banting
Magnetic Tape Fritz Pfluemer
Raman Effect Sir C.V. Raman
Bohr Electron Theory
Boyle Boyle’s Law
Dalton Atomic Theory
Periodic Table Dmitri Mendeleev
Transformer and Electric Motor Michael Faraday
Geometry Euclid
Structure of Atom Ernest Rutherford
Law of Gases Gay Lussac
Electromagnetic Field James Clerk Maxwell
Motion of Planets Johannes Kepler
Principle of relativity Galileo Galilei
Newtons Law of Motion Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton
Electron J.J. Thomson
Photon Albert Einstein
Theory of Atom John Dalton
Blood Groups Karl Landsteiner
Quantum Mechanics Max Born
Quantum Theory Max Plank, Niels Bohr, Albert Einstein
Law of Conservation of Mass Antoine Lavoisier
Age of the Earth C.C. Patterson
Heliocentrism Aristarchus of Samos
Heliocentric Model Nicolaus Copernicus
Periodic law Mendeleef
Venn Diagram John Venn
Vierner Scale Pierre Vernier
Atomic Number Mosley
Law of Motion & Gravitation Newton
Laws of Electrical Resistance Ohm
Nuclear Reactor Enrico Fermi
Fuel Cell William Robert Glove
Celluloid Alexander Parkes
Hydrogen Bomb Edward Teller
Computer Architecture John Von Neumann
Airplane Wright Brothers (Orville and Wilbur)
Steam Engine James Watt
Logarithms John Napier
Theory of Evolution Charles Darwin
Transformer Otto Blathy
Cinematography Edison
Stethoscope Rane Laennec
Thermo Flask Dewar
Battery Alessandro Volta
Barometer Evangelista Torricelli
Camera Steven Sasson
Analytical Engine Thomas Edison
Diesel Engine Rudolf Diesel
Helicopter Broquet
Dynamite Alfred Nobel
First Computer John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert
Lift Otis
Guitar Adolph Rickenbacker
Light Emission Diode Nick Holonyak and Oleg Losev
Laser Printer Gary Starkweather
Mobile Phone Martin Cooper
Micro Scope Zacharias Janssen
Microwave Oven Percy Spencer
Printing Press Johannes Gutenberg
Video Games Ralph H. Baer
Google Larry Page
Mozilla Dave Hyatt and Blake Ross
Facebook Mark Zuckerberg
Twitter Evan Williams, Jack Dorsey, and Biz Stone
Microsoft Bill Gates and Paul Allen
Internet Vint Cerf
Email Shiva Ayyadurai
Apple Computers Steve Jobs
World Wide Web (WWW) Sir Tim Berners- Lee
IP Address Robert E. Kahn
Micro Processor Federico Faggin
NICK NAMES OF INDIAN CITIES
NICK NAME CITY STATE
Golden City Amritsar Punjab
Pink City Jaipur Rajasthan
Orange City Nagpur Maharashtra
Golden City of India, Sun City Jaisalmer Rajasthan
City of Nawabs Luck now Uttar Pradesh
City of Seven Islands and City of Mumbai Maharashtra Dreams
City of Festivals, City of four Junctions Madurai Tamil Nadu
Twin Cities Hyderabad, Secunderabad Andhra Pradesh
City of Weavers Panipat Haryana
The Lake City Sri Nagar Jammu and Kashmir
Space City Benguluru Karnataka
City of Lakes Udaipur Rajasthan
City of Temples Varanasi Uttar Pradesh
City of Sages Rishikesh Uttarakhand
City of Rallies New Delhi New Delhi
Garden City, Silicon Valley of India Bengaluru Karnataka
Temple City of India Bhubaneswar Orissa
Heaven of India Jammu & Kashmir Jammu & Kashmir
Switzerland of India Kashmir Kashmir
Scotland of India Coorg Karnataka
Manchester of India Ahmedabad Gujarat
Manchester of South India Coimbatore Tamil Nadu
Pitsburg of India Jamshedpur Jharkhand
Hollywood of India Mumbai Maharashtra
Queen of the Hills Darjeeling West Bengal
Queen of the Arabian Sea Kochi Kerala
Queen of Deccan Pune Maharashtra
Gateway to the Duars Siliguri West Bengal
Taj Nagri Agra Uttar Pradesh
Blue Mountains Nilgiri Tamil Nadu
Detroit of Asia, Electronic Chennai Tamil Nadu Manufacturing Hub in India
AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTIONS IN INDIA
Revolution Name Product
Blue Revolution Fisheries
Brown Revolution Leather
Gray Revolution Housing Development
Green Revolution Agriculture
Pink Revolution Drugs & Pharmaceuticals
Silver Revolution Egg Production
White Revolution Dairy Development
Yellow Revolution Oil Seed
Black Revolution Petroleum
Golden Fiber Revolution Jute
Golden Revolution Horticulture
Grey Revolution Fertilizer
Red Revolution Meat & Tomato Production
Round Revolution Potato
Silver Fiber Revolution Cotton
Silver Revolution Egg/Poultry
Evergreen Revolution Over all Agriculture Development