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Iaj 10-1 (2019) Vol. 10 No. 1 2019 Arthur D. Simons Center for Interagency Cooperation, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas FEATURES | 1 About The Simons Center The Arthur D. Simons Center for Interagency Cooperation is a major program of the Command and General Staff College Foundation, Inc. The Simons Center is committed to the development of military leaders with interagency operational skills and an interagency body of knowledge that facilitates broader and more effective cooperation and policy implementation. About the CGSC Foundation The Command and General Staff College Foundation, Inc., was established on December 28, 2005 as a tax-exempt, non-profit educational foundation that provides resources and support to the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in the development of tomorrow’s military leaders. The CGSC Foundation helps to advance the profession of military art and science by promoting the welfare and enhancing the prestigious educational programs of the CGSC. The CGSC Foundation supports the College’s many areas of focus by providing financial and research support for major programs such as the Simons Center, symposia, conferences, and lectures, as well as funding and organizing community outreach activities that help connect the American public to their Army. All Simons Center works are published by the “CGSC Foundation Press.” The CGSC Foundation is an equal opportunity provider. InterAgency Journal Vol. 10, No. 1 (2019) FEATURES Arthur D. Simons Center 3 Japan’s Security Strategy and for Interagency Cooperation Its Impact on U.S. National Security Interests The Lewis and Clark Center Sung K. Hyong and David A. Anderson 100 Stimson Ave., Suite 1149 Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 66027 Ph: 913-682-7244 • Fax: 913-682-7247 Email: [email protected] 34 Employing Maritime Security Response Teams www.TheSimonsCenter.org as the Nation’s Maritime Crisis Response Force Christjan C. Gaudio EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Roderick M. Cox 48 Lessons for Cyber Policymakers James Torrence MANAGING EDITOR Elizabeth Ditsch 60 Lifting the Interagency Fog of Information: EDITOR Blockchain Information-Sharing Valerie Tystad and Radical Inclusion Jaymes “Yuri” Hines and Mark A. Williams DESIGN/PRODUCTION Mark H. Wiggins MHW Public Relations and Communications 75 Interagency Approaches to Prevent the Reoccurrence of Conflict in Sierra Leone PRINTING Phillip J. Schenks, Mary C. Avriette and Allen Press, Inc. Jonathan M. Holliday Lawrence, Kansas 83 Assessing the Impact of American and Chinese Economic Competition in Sub-Saharan Africa James Jacobs and Kevin Boldt 105 Lessons on Collaboration from Recent Conflicts: The Whole-of-Nation and Whole-of-Government Approaches in Action Brett Doyle 123 WORTH NOTING 128 BOOK REVIEW Copyright 2019, CGSC Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this journal may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means without the written permission of the CGSC Foundation, Inc. SIMONS CENTER EDITORIAL BOARD David A. Anderson, DBA Professor, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Maj. Gen. Allen W. Batschelet, U.S. Army, Ret. Col. Adrian T. Bogart III, U.S. Army William J. Davis, Jr. Professor, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College G. Michael Denning Director, Kansas University Graduate Military Programs William G. Eckhardt Teaching Professor Emeritus, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law Ralph M. Erwin Senior Geospatial Intelligence Officer, National Geospatial Agency Liaison to U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command Howard M. Hensel, Ph.D. Professor, U.S. Air Force Air War College Gary R. Hobin Assistant Professor, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Col. Bart Howard, U.S. Army, Ret. Lt. Col. George Kristopher Hughes, U.S. Army U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Gene Kamena Chair, Department of Leadership and Warfighting, U.S. Air Force Air War College Jack D. Kem, Ph.D. Associate Dean of Academics, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Brig. Gen. Wendell C. King, Ph.D., U.S Army, Ret. Brig. Gen. Eugene J. LeBoeuf, U.S. Army, Ph.D. Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Africa Steven M. Leonard Program Director, MS-Business and Organizational Leadership, Kansas University James B. Martin, Ph.D. Dean of Academics, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Wilburn E. Meador, Jr. Assistant Professor, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Gustav A. Otto, Ph.D. Defense Intelligence Agency William T. Pugh Assistant Professor, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College James H. Willbanks, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Mark R. Wilcox Assistant Professor, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Donald P. Wright, Ph.D. Deputy Director, Army University Press Japan’s Security Strategy and Its Impact on U.S. National Security Interests by Sung K. Hyong and David A. Anderson apan’s broadening security strategy reveals the unease with which it views the evolving security order in the Indo-Pacific. Several grave threats to regional stability continue to define the region’s changing security environment. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea’s (DPRK) Jnuclear weapons program and China’s maritime claims in the South China Sea relentlessly disrupt the region’s equilibrium. The escalation of DPRK’s missile launches over Japan as well as the robust and unpredictable responses of the South China Sea littoral states to China’s territorial ambitions also contribute to the region’s volatility. As Japan shifts to a more assertive security strategy through integrated diplomatic, informational, military, and economic (DIME) means, there are potentially far-reaching implications for the balance of power in the Indo-Pacific. Japan’s security developments have stoked concerns in China over its longstanding belief in its intended de facto containment through American, Japanese, and Indian “encirclement,” a perceived humiliation and direct impediment to its great power ambitions.1 South Korea, a key ally of the United States (U.S.) and Japan’s nominal security partner, has also expressed reservations over Japan’s intentions, accentuated by continuing friction over lasting historical issues. The 2017 U.S. National Security Strategy (NSS) does list the “revisionist power of China” alongside other main challengers to U.S. interests such as Russia, Iran, DPRK, and transnational threat organizations as significant concerns to national security.2 The NSS specifically highlights Sung K. Hyong is a U.S. Coast Guard-licensed Chief Mate at Military Sealift Command and a Lieutenant in the U.S. Navy Reserve. He has a bachelor’s degree in maritime transportation from the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy and a master’s degree in supply chain management from the University of Kansas. He also has a Master of Military Art and Science degree from the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. David A. Anderson is a retired U.S. Marine Corps officer. He is currently a Supervisory Professor at the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. He has a doctorate in business administration with emphasis in international business and development economics. He has published over seventy articles on military, economics, international relations, and interagency related topics. Arthur D. Simons Center for Interagency Cooperation, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas FEATURES | 3 the gravity of China’s revisionist potential, and describe Japan’s whole-of-government identifying its ambitions to “displace the United approach. The analysis seeks to identify and States in the Indo-Pacific region, expand the delineate lines of effort based on the type of reaches of its state-driven economic model, national power: diplomatic, informational, and reorder the region in its favor.”3 As a result, military, or economic. A line of effort to achieve the NSS calls on U.S. allies such as Japan “to a national objective may incorporate all four modernize, acquire necessary capabilities, categories, and indeed, often do. However, improve readiness, expand the size of their the strategic weight of effort determines its forces, and affirm the political will to win.”4 placement within the four categories of DIME. The second phase establishes the study’s The U.S. is also striving to evaluation criteria analysis using the relevant develop a coherent and viable diplomatic, informational, military, and Indo-Pacific strategy, especially economic objectives promulgated in the 2017 as it confronts the consequences U.S. NSS. The third phase of the study evaluates of China’s rapid ascension... the strategic interaction between Japan’s security policies and U.S. security objectives within the The U.S. is also striving to develop a DIME construct. coherent and viable Indo-Pacific strategy, Phase 1: DIME Analysis (Japan) especially as it confronts the consequences of China’s rapid ascension as a regional and global Diplomatic power.5 However, the U.S. is operating under financial constraints and remains distracted by Japan has embarked on a wide range of events outside the Indo-Pacific. To maintain vigorous diplomatic initiatives to counter strategic relevance and manage the variable China’s influence and secure its own national balance of power, the U.S. is encouraging and interests and influence throughout the Indo- supporting Japan’s efforts to become a more self- Pacific. Beginning with the “Arc of Freedom sufficient and active security partner. and Prosperity” in 2007 to the short-lived Peace and regional stability in the Indo- “Democratic Security Diamond” in 2012, Japan Pacific are paramount to U.S. interests. has now settled on the current concept of the However, Japan’s transition to a more assertive “Free and Open Indo-Pacific Strategy.” In this and regionally engaged security posture may be latest iteration, Japan’s Prime Minister Shinzo in conflict with these very interests. This paper Abe broadly expands and redefines the scope of explores the potential dangers of misaligned Japanese diplomacy to augment the country’s strategy through DIME analysis in order to international reputation and foreign relations provide a holistic perspective of the impact throughout the region.
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