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Victories Are Not Enough: Limitations of the German Way of War
VICTORIES ARE NOT ENOUGH: LIMITATIONS OF THE GERMAN WAY OF WAR Samuel J. Newland December 2005 Visit our website for other free publication downloads http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/ To rate this publication click here. This publication is a work of the United States Government, as defined in Title 17, United States Code, section 101. As such, it is in the public domain and under the provisions of Title 17, United States Code, section 105, it may not be copyrighted. ***** The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. ***** My sincere thanks to the U.S. Army War College for approving and funding the research for this project. It has given me the opportunity to return to my favorite discipline, Modern German History, and at the same time, develop a monograph which has implications for today’s army and officer corps. In particular, I would like to thank the Dean of the U.S. Army War College, Dr. William Johnsen, for agreeing to this project; the Research Board of the Army War College for approving the funds for the TDY; and my old friend and colleague from the Militärgeschichliches Forschungsamt, Colonel (Dr.) Karl-Heinz Frieser, and some of his staff for their assistance. In addition, I must also thank a good former student of mine, Colonel Pat Cassidy, who during his student year spent a considerable amount of time finding original curricular material on German officer education and making it available to me. -
M207 Publication Title: Papers of Hermann Von Boyen, Ca. 1787
Publication Number: M207 Publication Title: Papers of Hermann von Boyen, ca. 1787-1848 Date Published: 1952 PAPERS OF HERMANN VON BOYER, CA. 1787-1848 Introduction The records reproduced in this microfilm publication consist of papers of Herman von Boyen, an officer of the Prussian Army during the Napoleonic Wars, a leader of the military reform movement, and twice War Minister of Prussia. The paper binders and folders in which these documents are filed bear the imprint of the Heeresarchiv at Potsdam, which was the custodian of the collection. Some folders also bear the earlier label of the Geheimes Archiv des Kriegsminsteriums or of the Kriegs Archiv des Grossen Generalstabes; these institutions appear to have been the previous repositories for parts of the Reichsarchiv; in 1936, however, it was separated from the Reichsarchiv, and all military records and related materials in the legal custody of the latter were transferred to it. During the military operations in Germany in 1945 the documents reproduced in this microfilm publication came into the possession of the United States armed forces. In 1947 the War Department transferred them to the National Archives, where they constitute part of a body of records designated as Record Group 242, World War II Collection of Seized Enemy Records. Herman von Boyen was born at Kreuzberg, East Prussia, on June 23, 1771, and died at Berlin on February 15, 1848. He saw early service as a staff officer in Poland, 1794-96, and soon became widely known as a military writer. After the Peace of Tilsit he was made a member of the Commission for Military Reorganization, under the presidency of General von Scharnhorst, and was appointed to the Prussian Ministry of War. -
US Strategic Early Warning: a Case Study in Poland (1980-1981)
2010 US Strategic Early Warning: A Case Study in Poland (1980-1981) The US Army Intelligence Center Europe warned US/NATO manders of Polish Martial Law contingency planning in 1980 and the imminence of Martial Law in the fall 1981 allowing leaders to act from a factual basis. Mr. Gail H Nelson, Ph.D. April 2010 2 US Strategic Early Warning: A Case Study in Poland (1980-1981) The US Army Europe Intelligence Estimate By Mr. Gail H. Nelson, Ph.D. 3 Copyright 2010 by Gail H. Nelson Email: [email protected] Tel. 1-303-474-9736 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, Stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, In any form or by any means, without the permission Of the Author ISBN 10-0615370519 ISBN 13-978-0-615-37051-4 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data US Strategic Early Warning: A Case Study in Poland (1980-1981) / by Gail H. Nelson. – 1st ed. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 10-0615370519 ISBN 13-978-0-615-37051-4 1. Cold War History. 2. Intelligence. 3. Strategic Early Warning. 4. Poland (1980-1981). 5. Warsaw Pact. 6. Brezhnev Doctrine. 7. Eastern Europe. 8. Soviet Union. 4 For my lovely wife, Semay, A survivor of the Ethiopian Red Terror And the interrogations that killed many 5 About The Author Dr. Gail Nelson is a veteran US Strategic Intelligence Officer with over 45 years in geopolitical studies including 37 years in the US Air Force Ready Reserve, 26 years in the European Command Ci- vilian Excepted Service, and four years in US-sponsored advisory missions to Afghanistan, the Philippines, and Iraq. -
US and NATO Military Planning on Mission of V Corps/US Army During Crises and in Wartime,' (Excerpt)
Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified December 16, 1982 East German Ministry of State Security, 'US and NATO Military Planning on Mission of V Corps/US Army During Crises and in Wartime,' (excerpt) Citation: “East German Ministry of State Security, 'US and NATO Military Planning on Mission of V Corps/US Army During Crises and in Wartime,' (excerpt),” December 16, 1982, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, BStU, Berlin, ZA, HVA, 19, pp. 126-359. Translated from German by Bernd Schaefer; available in original language at the Parallel History Project. http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/112680 Summary: The Stasi's own preface to the V Corps/U.S. Army 1981 war plan (which recognizes that NATO's concept was defensive in nature in contrast to Warsaw Pact plans, which until 1987 indeed envisioned the mentioned "breakthrough towards the Rhine") Original Language: German Contents: English Translation MINISTRY FOR STATE SECURITY Top Secret! Berlin, 16. Dec 1982 Only for personal use! Nr. 626/82 Return is requested! Expl. 5. Bl. MY Information about Military planning of the USA and NATO for the operation of the V. Army Corps/USA in times of tension and in war Part 1 Preliminary Remarks Through reliable intelligence we received portions of the US and NATO military crisis and wartime planning for the deployment of the V Corps/USA stationed in the FRG. This intelligence concerns the secret Operations Plan 33001 (GDP – General Defense Plan) for the V Corps/USA in Europe. The plan is endorsed by the US Department of the Army and, after consultation with NATO, became part of NATO planning. -
Le Rôle De La France Napoléonienne Dans La Genèse Du Nazisme
Toujours en réponse au journal Révolution… (pour en finir avec la transformation de Clausewitz en bouc émissaire anti-révisionniste) 1. Introduction Les rédacteurs du périodique Révolution et du site Étoile rouge (périodique et site constituant les organes du Parti Communiste Marxiste-Léniniste-Maoïste) avaient procédé en décembre 2008 à la critique de mon essai sur Clausewitz et la guerre populaire. J’avais tenté de répondre en son temps à cette critique. Les rédacteurs du même périodique ont lourdement récidivé, dans un document qui montre un notable soucis d’argumentation et de documentation historique. Comme il s’agit clairement du même débat, je me permettrai, primo de supposer connu le premier échange, secundo de reprendre les codes de ma première réponse, à commencer par la citation in extenso (en surbrillance jaune) de l’article auquel je répondrai pas à pas. 2. Sur l’origine de classe de Clausewitz Le rôle de la France napoléonienne dans la genèse du nazisme (pour en finir avec Clausewitz) Pour nous communistes, non seulement la pensée de tout individu porte des empreintes de classe, mais tout son déploiement possède les caractéristiques typiques d'une classe. Ainsi, si nous nous intéressons à Clausewitz, non seulement il n'est pas possible de séparer l'individu de son origine aristocratique, mais il faut également comprendre en quoi sa pensée correspond à l'expression idéologique de la classe aristocratique prussienne. Il s’agit là d’un déterminisme grossier et anti-dialectique qui suppose que, Clausewitz étant d’origine aristocratique, sa pensée exprime forcément les intérêts de l’aristocratie. Une fois cette "évidence" entendue, il ne resterait qu’à comprendre « en quoi » cette pensée exprime les intérêts de cette classe… C’est vraiment mettre la réflexion cul par-dessus tête. -
The Prussian Reform Movement: a Case Study in Defense Reform
Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 1989 The Prussian Reform Movement: a case study in defense reform Liepman, James Morres Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26187 i, -L. : NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California U(o3M- THE PRUSSIAN REFORM MOVEMENT: A CASE STUDY IN DEFENSE REFORM by James Morres Liepman, Jr. September, 1989 Thesis Advisor Donald Abenheim Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. T245985 Jnclassif ied :URITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 0MB No. 0704-0188 REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION lb RESTRICTIVE .MARKINGS Unclassified SECURITY CLASSIFICATION AUTHORITY 3. DISTRIBUTION /AVAILABILITY OF REPORT Approved for public release; . DECLASSIFICATION /DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE distribution is unlimited. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) 5. MONITORING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUM8ER(S) NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 6b. OFFICE SYMBOL 7a. NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATION ival Postgraduate School (If ipplicabie) 74 Naval Postaraduate School ADDRESS {Oty, Statt, and ZIP Code) 7b. ADDRESS (C/fy, State, and ZIP Code) mterey, CA 93940-5000 Monterey, CA 93940-5000 NAME OF FUNDING /SPONSORING 8b OFFICE SYMBOL 9 PROCUREMENT INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBER ORGANIZATION (If applicable) ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code) 10 SOURCE OF FUNDING NUMBERS PROGRAM PROJECT TASK WORK UNIT ELEMENT NO. NO NO accession no TITLE (Include Security Oassificatton) THE PRUSSIAN REFORM MOVEMENT: A CASE STUDY IN DEFENSE REFORM PERSONAL AUTHOR(S) Liepman, James Morres Jr. ». TYPE OF REPORT 13b. TIME COVERED 14. DATE OF REPORT (Year, Month, Day) 15, PAGE COUNT ister's Thesis FROM TO 1989, September 144 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION cpj^^ views expressed in this thesis are those of the author id do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense c; fho TT . -
The Fortifications Trial
he quiet depths of the lake gleaming in the sun, surrounded by a ring of green forests, best viewed from the deck of a yacht An invitation to… Tin full sail – this is how we usually con- – or an introduction to note Mazury. When leaves fall off the trees and one takes a closer look – grey, the publication concrete, black-yawning shooting sta- tions can be observed on the lake shores. How come this idyllic land hosts such sinister bunkers? We will definitely find the answer to this question while hiking along the Mazury Fortifications Trail. Not everyone knows that this colourful land of the Mazury lakes, forests and fields, among which numerous monuments of the past can be found, has an interesting, as well as complicated history. Testimony to the turbulent history of the region are the innumerable defensive structures, built from the time of the Middle Ages through to World War II. The magnificent scenery of hills and plains, cross-cut by ribbons of lakes and river valleys, next to the broad and large Śniardwy and Mamry lakes with marshes and wetlands hidden in the forest thicket. These are the natural defensive qualities of the Warmia and Mazury regions. The inhabitants and rulers of these lands have learned to use such gifts of nature, creating fortifications which were to protect their land against foreign invaders. Mazury and Warmia were parts of an area which has been an enclave surrounded by the territories of foreign states during almost the whole At the gates of the Hitler’s quarters, of its history. -
This Finding Aid Has Been Prepared by the National Archives As Part of Its Program of Facilitating the Use of Records in Its Custody
GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXANDRIA, VA, No. 63. Records of German Field Commands: Divisions (Part HI) (Divisions 1-9 (Supplementary), 10 - 21) The National Archives National Archives and Records Service General Services Administration Washington: 1970 www.maparchive.ru This finding aid has been prepared by the National Archives as part of its program of facilitating the use of records in its custody. The microfilm described in this guide may be consulted at the National Archives, where it is identified as Microfilm Publication T315. Those desiring to purchase microfilm should write to the Publications Sales Branch, NARS, GSA, Washington, DC 20408. Some of the papers reproduced on the microfilm referred to in this and other guides of the same series may have been of private origin. The fact of their seizure is not be- lieved to divest their original owners of any literary property rights in them. Anyone, therefore, who publishes them in whole or in part without permission of their authors may be held liable for infringement of such literary property rights. www.maparchive.ru GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXANDRIA, VAe No. 63. Records of German Field Commands: Divisions (Part IH) (Divisions 1-9 (Supplementary), 10 - 21) The National Archives National .Archives and Records Service General Services Administration Washington; 1970 www.maparchive.ru www.maparchive.ru R E F A E The Guides to German Records Microfilmed at Alexandria, Va. from 1941 to 1943, the campaign against the Soviet Union from constitute a series of finding aids describing National Archives 1941 to 1945, operations in Finland in 1941 and 1942, the cam- microfilm that reproduces seized records of German central, re- paign in Sicily and Italy in 1943 and 1944, and the western cam- gional, and local government agencies, and of military commands paigns in .1940 and 1944-45. -
Conflict Simulations LLC Imperial Bayonets- We Were Not Cowards: Sedan 1870
Conflict Simulations LLC Imperial Bayonets- We Were Not Cowards: Sedan 1870 Conflict Simulations LLC Imperial Bayonets- We Were Not Cowards: Sedan 1870 Table of Contents We Were Not Cowards: Sedan 1870 Exclusive Rules 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 Exclusive Rules 4 2.1 Stacking Limits 4 2.2 Division Breakdown and Recombination 5 2.3 French Chassepot Fire 5 2.4 Mitrailleuse Support 5 2.5 Artillery Range & Spotting 5 2.5.1 Artillery Defending Alone 6 2.5.2 Krupp Steel 6 2.6 “Death Ride” Charges 6 2.7 River Crossings 6 3.0 Scenarios 7 3.1 Historical Action at La Moncelle (Introductory Scenario) 7 3.1.1 French Setup 7 3.1.2 Prussian Setup 7 3.1.3 Special Scenario Rules 8 3.1.3.1 Playing Area Restrictions 8 3.1.3.2 MacMahon Leaves Command 8 3.1.4 Victory Conditions 8 3.2 Historical Day of Battle 8 3.2.1 French Setup 8 3.2.2 Prussian Setup 9 3.2.3 Special Scenario Rules 9 3.2.3.1 The French V Corps 9 3.2.3.2 MacMahon Wounded 9 3.2.3.2.1 Ducrot Takes Command 10 3.2.3.2.2 Wimpffen Takes Command 10 3.2.3.3 March Orders 10 3.2.3.4 Napoleon III 10 3.2.4 Victory Conditions 11 3.3 What-If Approach to Battle Setup 11 3.3.1 French and German Setup 12 3.3.2 Scenario Special Rules 12 3.3.2.1 Prussian Traffic Jams 12 3.3.2.2 French Command Chaos 12 3.3.2.2.1 French Attrition 13 3.3.2.3 March Orders 13 3.3.2.4 French V Corps 13 3.3.2.5 (Optional) MacMahon Wounded 13 3.3.3 Victory Conditions 13 3.4 Variant What-If (Optional) 13 3.5 Free Setup 13 4.0 Designers Notes 14 5.0 Counter Infographic 16 2 Conflict Simulations LLC Imperial Bayonets- We Were Not Cowards: Sedan 1870 IMPERIAL BAYONETS - We Were Not Cowards: Sedan 1870 & the Fall of the Second Empire Exclusive Rules by Ray Weiss Developed by Matt Ward 1.0 INTRODUCTION These are the exclusive rules for Imperial Bayonets – We Were Not Cowards: Sedan 1870 & the Fall of the Second Empire. -
Granica Wschodnia W Pruskim Planowaniu Obronnym W Latach 1815–1830
Jacek Jędrysiak Granica wschodnia w pruskim planowaniu obronnym w latach 1815–1830 Przegląd Historyczno-Wojskowy 15 (66)/3 (249), 7-32 2014 J. JĘDRYSIAK:ARTYKUŁY GRANICA WSCHODNIA I ROZPRAWY W PRUSKIM PLANOWANIU... JACEK JędrYSIAK GRANICA WSCHODNIA W PRUSKIM PLANOWANIU OBRONNYM W LATACH 1815–1830 zieje pruskiej myśli strategicznej w okresie między zakończeniem wojen napo- leońskich a Wiosną Ludów1 należą do tematów badawczo zaniedbanych2. Kwe- stiom tym niewiele miejsca poświęciła zarówno historiografia powszechna, jak Di polska, poruszając je tylko na marginesie szerszych badań. W niemieckiej literaturze historyczno wojskowej próbę analizy pewnych aspektów tej problematyki znajdujemy przede wszystkim we fragmentach prac Klausa-Jürgena Bremma, poświęconych wpły- wowi rozwoju infrastruktury transportowej na planowanie wojenne w latach 1815–18663. Badania niemieckiego autora mają niestety charakter powierzchowny, co wynika w dużej mierze z wykorzystania przez niego stosunkowo wąskiego zasobu źródeł4. Kwestią obro- ny pruskiej granicy wschodniej w pierwszych latach po 1815 r. zajął się także w przy- czynkarskim artykule Stefan Hartmann, aczkolwiek jego tekst stanowi jedynie obszerne streszczenie dwóch dokumentów z lat 1817–1818, bez wskazania wzajemnych powiązań między ich treścią, a także bez próby zarysowania okoliczności ich powstania5. Sporo nowych informacji, głównie jednak w warstwie źródłowej, przynosi opracowany przez Hansa Rothe6 zbiór dokumentów dotyczących stosunku do sprawy polskiej Hermanna 1 Niemiecka historiografia używa niekiedy w odniesieniu do tego okresu terminu „Vormärz”. Jest on także spotykany w literaturze polskiej. Nie ma jednak powszechnej zgody odnośnie zakresu chronologicznego pojęcia. Zwolennicy najszerszego znaczenia wskazują na cały okres 1815–1848, za klasyczny Vormärz uznaje się jednak zwykle lata 1830–1848, a w wypadku Prus nawet 1840–1848. Z racji sceptycznego podejścia do terminu sensu largo nie będę wykorzystywał go w tekście. -
The Development of United States Army Military Government Doctrine in the World Wars
WAR BY OTHER MEANS – THE DEVELOPMENT OF UNITED STATES ARMY MILITARY GOVERNMENT DOCTRINE IN THE WORLD WARS David C. Musick, B.A. Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS May 2011 APPROVED: Robert Citino, Major Professor Richard B. McCaslin, Committee Member and Chair of the Department of History Michael V. Leggiere, Committee Member Geoffrey Wawro, Committee Member James D. Meernik, Acting Dean of the Toulouse Graduate School Musick, David C. War by Other Means – the Development of United States Army Military Government Doctrine in the World Wars. Master of Arts (History), May 2011, 131 pp., 1 chart, 3 maps, references, 83 titles. Occupation operations are some of the most resource and planning intensive military undertakings in modern combat. The United States Army has a long tradition of conducting military government operations, stretching back to the Revolutionary War. Yet the emergence of military government operational doctrine was a relatively new development for the United States Army. During the World Wars, the Army reluctantly embraced civil administration responsibilities as a pragmatic reaction to the realities of total war. In the face of opposition from the Roosevelt administration, the United States Army established an enduring doctrine for military government in the crucible of the European Theater of Operations. Copyright 2011 by David C. Musick ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would be remiss if I did not gratefully acknowledge the help and direction of those without whom I could never have carried out this effort: My wife, Vivien, who has endured 17 years of Army life and 2 years of Graduate School, it is unclear which was harder on her. -
The Operational Role of British Corps Command on the Western Front, 1914-18
The Operational Role of British Corps Command on the Western Front, 1914-18 Andrew Simpson University College, London Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy © Abstract British corps command having been neglected in the literature, this thesis sets out to assess what British corps did, and how they did it, on the Western Front during the Great War. It attempts to avoid anecdotal sources as much as possible, drawing its evidence instead as much as possible from contemporary official documents. It is a central argument here that Field Service Regulations, Part 1 (1909), was found by commanders in the BEF to be applicable throughout the war, because it was designed to be as flexible as possible, its broad principles being supplemented by training and manuals. Corps began the war in a minor role, as an extra level of command to help the C-in-C control the divisions of the BEF. With the growth in numbers and importance of artilleiy in 1915, divisions could not cope with the quantity of artilleiy allotted theni, and by early 1916, the corps BGRA became the corps artilleiy commander (GOCRA). In addition to its crucial role in artillery control, corps was important as the highest level of operational command, discussing attack plans with Armies and divisions and being responsible for putting Army schemes into practice. Though corps tended to be prescnptive towards divisions in 1916, and Armies towards corps, a more hands-off style of command was generally practised in 1917, within the framework of FSR and the pamphlet SS13S (and others - to be used with FSR).