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CUIUS Cuius regio? REGIO Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of Silesia vol. 3 eds Lucyna Harc, Przemysław Wiszewski, Rościsław Żerelik Silesia under the Authority of the Hohenzollerns (1741–1918) (1741–1918) Silesia under the Authority of Hohenzollerns vol. 3 Silesia under the Authority This volume contains a collection of studies which are the product of research of the Hohenzollerns (1741–1918) on the formation of Silesia as a region in the period 1740-1918. It is another portion of the summary of research undertaken by a team of Polish historians in conjunction with their participation in the programme of the European Science Foundation entitled Cuius regio. An analysis of the cohesive and disruptive forces determining the attachment and commitment of (groups of) persons to and the cohesion within regions. The project’s assumptions were for original analyses to be conducted on five factors significant in the functioning of the region: administration (Paweł Jaworski), economy (Teresa Kulak), social groups (Wanda Musialik and Dorota Schreiber-Kurpiers), ethnic issues (Dorota Schreiber-Kurpiers) and the national and cultural identity of the region’s inhabitants (Teresa Kulak). In each of the spheres analysed in this book, what has been demonstrated is the prevalence of disintegrating factors in the region from the period of its seizure by the armies of Frederick II until the conclusion of World War I. Top-down efforts undertaken by the authorities aimed at integrating the region with the Prussian state, and then with the Reich, did not fully achieve their objectives. The split into the two sub-regions of Upper and Lower Silesia would seem to be inevitable, in spite of particular unifying elements, particularly in the economic sphere during the second half of the 19ʰ and beginning of the 20ʰ century. eds Lucyna Harc, Teresa Kulak ISBN 978-83-942651-3-7 Cuius regio? Ideological and Territorial Cohesion of the Historical Region of Silesia (c. 1000-2000) vol. 3 eds Lucyna Harc, Przemysław Wiszewski, Rościsław Żerelik Online access: http://www.bibliotekacyfrowa.pl/publication/80643 http://cuiusregio.uni.wroc.pl/en/publikacje http://cuiusregio.uni.wroc.pl/pl/publikacje Silesia under the Authority of the Hohenzollerns (1741–1918) eds Lucyna Harc, Teresa Kulak Wrocław 2015 The book was published with funds of the program Cuius regio. Analiza sił spajających i destrukcyjnych w obrębie regionu określających przynależność osób (grup społecznych) oraz spójność społeczną jako zjawisko historyczne / Cuius regio. An analysis of the cohesive and disruptive forces destining the attachment of (groups of) persons to and the cohesion within regions as a historical phenomenon, decision of the Polish Minister of Science and Higher Education No. 832/N-ESF-CORECODE/2010/0. Peer review: Włodzimierz Stępiński Translated by: Matthew La Fontaine, Paweł Ausir Dembowski (chapters), Maciej Zińczuk (summaries) Language proofreading: Matthew Bastock © Copyright by Authors and Uniwersytet Wrocławski Cover photography: Schlesische Provinz, [in:] Sydow-Wagners Methodischer Schul-Atlas. 60 Haupt- und 50 Nebenkarten auf 44 Tafeln, ed. Hermann Wagner, Gotha 1891, No 20 (The Library of Institute of History, University of Wrocław, Signature 738/Kart) Cover design: Marcin Fajfruk Typesetting: Aleksandra Kumaszka, Tomasz Kalota ISBN 978-83-942651-3-7 Publishing House eBooki.com.pl ul. Obornicka 37/2 51-113 Wrocław tel.: +48 602 606 508 email: [email protected] WWW: http://www.ebooki.com.pl Table of Contents Teresa Kulak From Silesian Wars to the Great War. Region of Silesia in the Prussian Kingdom and the German Reich (1741-1918) ...................................................9 Paweł Jaworski State and local administration in Silesia in 1740–1918 as a factor in regional (dis)integration................................................................................25 Teresa Kulak The economy and socioeconomic processes in the Silesia region (from the mid-18th century to 1918) ............................................................................63 Wanda Musialik, Dorota Schreiber-Kurpiers Analysis of integrative and destructive forces among social groups in Silesia in the Prussian period (1740–1918) ................................................101 Dorota Schreiber-Kurpiers The ethnicity of inhabitants of the Silesian region (up to 1918) ....................143 Teresa Kulak The issue of national and cultural identity among residents of Silesia in the period 1741–1918 .................................................................................163 Lucyna Harc One region, two states. Silesia under the Hohenzollerns (1741-1918). .........187 Maps and Illustrations ......................................................................................195 Bibliography ......................................................................................................197 Index .................................................................................................................223 Polish-German Concordance of Topographic Names ...................................237 The Authors .......................................................................................................241 Teresa Kulak University of Wrocław From Silesian Wars to the Great War. Region of Silesia in the Prussian Kingdom and the German Reich (1741-1918) Abstract: This volume contains another collection of articles prepared under the patronage of the Euro- pean Science Foundation, comprising part of the international project Cuius regio. An analysis of the cohesive and disruptive forces determining the attachment and commitment of (groups of) persons to and cohesion within regions. In the period 1741-1918 analysed within this col- lection, Silesia was under the rule of the Hohenzollern dynasty. Its distinctness as a region within the Kingdom of Prussia took shape during the rule of Friedrich II during the First Sile- sian War, and the process lasted until 1806. It was not until the internal reforms undertaken in Prussia during the Napoleonic Wars that, in 1815, the Silesian province was integrated with other regions of the Prussian monarchy. However, its administrative division into three regen- cies, with an ethnically and religiously diverse population, led to the development of a sub-re- gional identity within the Opole regency, which in turn strengthened the distinctiveness of Up- per Silesia. The processes driving the modernization and industrialization of Prussia led in the 19th century to further internal political and cultural divisions, while in the economic sphere the agricultural and industrial sectors proved complimentary. In the course of these processes, the Polish-speaking community, distinct in terms of nationalist and religion, did not build a sense of common identity with the Prussian state, nor the German Reich. Their internal national poli- cies, essentially confrontational towards that segment of the population, served to reinforce the process of internal stereotyping of ethnic groups taking place in the region, as well as categori- zation of the two largest groups as Poles and Germans. World War I destroyed the region’s economic cohesion, and also led to the conclusion of nationalist conflicts under the treaty con- cluded in Geneva on 15th May 1922, which divided the province of Silesia between Poland and Germany. Keywords: Silesia, Wrocław, Prussian-German Province, regional history, This volume contains a collection of studies which are the product of research on the formation of Silesia as a region in the period 1740-1918. It is another portion of the summary of research undertaken by a team of Polish historians in conjunc- tion with their participation in the programme of the European Science Foundation titled Cuius regio. An analysis of the cohesive and disruptive forces determining the attachment and commitment of (groups of) persons to and the cohesion within 9 Teresa Kulak regions1. The entirety of the research project, initiated and directed by prof. Dick de Boer of Groningen, was led in Wrocław by project team members Lucyna Harc, Przemysław Wiszewski and Rościsław Żerelik. The research was finances by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education2. The previous volumes of studies by the large Polish team presented detailed pictures of processes occurring within the context of the Silesia region’s strength- ening or weakening cohesion from the Middle Ages to 1740, and then again from 1918 to 19453. Their abbreviated editions in Polish, including texts contained in this volume, have been published in the form of articles in Śląski Kwartalnik Historycz- ny Sobótka4, Poland’s oldest regional periodical, dedicated to the history of Silesia and the surrounding regions. The entirety of the research team’s work covering the period 1740-1918 was directed by Teresa Kulak and Lucyna Harc. The team was made up of scholars from the Institute of History, University of Wrocław and the Opole University of Technology Chair of Research on European Heritage, who engaged in detailed analyses of the general collection of factors facilitating the de- velopment of the region’s internal cohesion, also taking into account elements that weakened that cohesion, and even those which served as disintegrating influences on the region. The project’s assumptions were for original analyses to be conducted on five factors significant in the functioning of the region: administration (Paweł Jawor- ski), economy (Teresa Kulak), social groups (Wanda Musialik and
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