Universidade Federal Do Ceará Faculdade De Medicina Departamento De Fisiologia E Farmacologia Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Farmacologia

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Universidade Federal Do Ceará Faculdade De Medicina Departamento De Fisiologia E Farmacologia Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Farmacologia UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO CEARÁ FACULDADE DE MEDICINA DEPARTAMENTO DE FISIOLOGIA E FARMACOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM FARMACOLOGIA RENATA DE SOUSA ALVES EFEITOS BIOLÓGICOS INDUZIDOS PELO VENENO TOTAL DE Tityus serrulatus E SUAS FRAÇÕES TsTx-V, TOXINA GAMA E PEPTÍDEO NATRIURÉTICO. FORTALEZA 2008 RENATA DE SOUSA ALVES EFEITOS BIOLÓGICOS INDUZIDOS PELO VENENO TOTAL DE Tityus serrulatus E SUAS FRAÇÕES TsTx-V, TOXINA GAMA E PEPTÍDEO NATRIURÉTICO. Tese de Doutorado apresentada ao Programa de Pós- graduação em Farmacologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará para obtenção do título de Doutor em Farmacologia. Área de concentração: Farmacologia Orientadora: Profª Drª. Helena Serra Azul Monteiro FORTALEZA 2008 A482e Alves, Renata de Sousa. Efeitos biológicos induzidos pelo veneno total de Tityus serrulatus e suas frações TsTx-V, Toxina gama e Peptídeo Natriurético / Renata de Sousa Alves. – Fortaleza, 2008. 187 f.: il. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Helena Serra Azul Monteiro. Tese (Doutorado) / Universidade Federal do Ceará. Faculdade de Medicina. 1. Venenos de escorpião. 2. Testes de função renal. 3. Antagonistas adrenérgicos. 4. Mesentério. 5. Ducto Deferente. 6. Pressão arterial. 7. Inulina. I. Monteiro, Helena Serra Azul (orientadora) II. Título. CDD 615.942 RENATA DE SOUSA ALVES EFEITOS BIOLÓGICOS INDUZIDOS PELO VENENO TOTAL DE Tityus serrulatus E SUAS FRAÇÕES TsTx-V, TOXINA GAMA E PEPTÍDEO NATRIURÉTICO. Aprovada em 28 de Novembro de 2008 Tese de Doutorado apresentada ao Programa de Pós- graduação em Farmacologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará para obtenção do título de Doutor em Farmacologia. BANCA EXAMINADORA ___________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Helena Serra Azul Monteiro (Orientadora) Universidade Federal do Ceará – UFC ___________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Alice Maria Costa Martins (Co-orientadora) Universidade Federal do Ceará – UFC ___________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Ana Durce Oliveira da Paixão Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – UFPE ___________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Nilberto Robson Falcão do Nascimento Universidade Estadual do Ceará – UECE ___________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Marcus Davis Machado Braga Universidade Federal do Ceará – UFC À Ambrosio e Francisca, meus pais. AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus, presente em cada pequeno gesto. À minha família, Ambrosio, Francisca e Daniele, importantes e imprescindíveis em todos os momentos. À minha orientadora, Dra. Helena Serra Azul Monteiro, que me orientou desde o mestrado e com quem aprendi algo muito importante: perseverança. A Dra. Alice Maria C. Martins, que muito me auxiliou e que, em um momento muito especial de sua vida me possibilitou a grata satisfação de lecionar. A Dra. Ana Durce O. da Paixão, por me receber em seu laboratório em Recife e contribuir de forma tão generosa às correções desta tese. Ao Dr. Nilberto Robson Falcão do Nascimento, com quem tive a satisfação de realizar alguns experimentos deste trabalho, adquirindo de forma valiosa conhecimentos e uma boa amizade. Ao Dr. Marcus Davis M. Braga, amigo conquistado durante o doutorado, que contribuiu de forma inestimável para os resultados da avaliação histopatológica, sempre disposto a ajudar. A professora Maria Goretti R. de Queiroz, que acreditou em minhas capacidades e a quem sou grata por ensinamentos que levarei por toda a vida. Ao Dr. e grande amigo René Duarte Martins, de toda a vida, que me conhece como a palma da própria mão e a quem devo muito... Muito obrigada por existir em minha vida! Ao Dr. Paulo Sérgio F. Barbosa, por todo o carinho que sempre teve comigo. Ao Dr. Marcus Hikari Toyama, por todas as contribuições e pelo fracionamento do veneno de Tityus serrulatus. Ao professor Dalgimar B. Menezes pela análise histológica e atenção com que me tratou durante toda a pós-graduação. As amigas de jornada Fabrícia Martins, Ila Fernanda e Rosemeire Freire, que dividiram comigo muitas e divertidas histórias. Ao amigo Roberto Falcão, que encontrei no começo da faculdade e que, mesmo com ausências, faz parte da minha vida. A todos de minha imensa família, de verdade e do coração, especialmente Gaudino Neto, Everaldo, Joelma, Cleve e Nalvinha pelas “fugas” nos fins de semana. Aos professores e funcionários do Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas que me viram crescer pessoal e profissionalmente. As recém doutoras do Laboratório de Farmacologia Renal Dra. Daniela N. Amora, Dra. Janaína Serra Azul M. Evangelista e a pós-graduanda Inês L. Evangelista, pela força e incentivo. Aos pós-graduandos novatos do Laboratório de Farmacologia Renal Daniel Freire, Paulo César P. de Sousa, Isabela Cavalcante, Claudênio Diógenes Alves, Antônio Rafael C. Jorge, Rafael M. Ximenes e Terentia Batista Norões, pelas risadas, cinemas e aventuras nesse período que foi estressante, mas sem dúvida, recompensante. Ao Dr. Alexandre Havt, pessoa de extrema competência e sensibilidade, um exemplo de verdadeiro doutor. Aos bolsistas do laboratório de Farmacologia Renal Diego Germano Maia, Isadora Maria Oliveira, Antônio G. Silva Neto, Ana Luiza G. C. A. Lima, João Victor de A. Santos e Caio Abner V. Leite, pela ajuda com as planilhas e nos experimentos de perfusão renal. Aos funcionários do IBIMED Sílvia Helena, Tereza França, Juciê, Bento, José Amadeus e Kátia N. Lima, por todo o carinho e respeito com que sempre me trataram. Aos amigos do laboratório do professor Manassés C. Fonteles, na Universidade Estadual, Dra. Cláudia Ferreira Santos e Dra. Karina Moreira de A. Cunha que me auxiliaram com os experimentos de pressão arterial, hemodinâmica e dosagem de GMPc. A secretária do Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia Aura Rhanes, pelas vezes que me socorreu sempre com muito carinho. Ao Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e desenvolvimento (CNPq) pela bolsa auxílio para execução deste projeto. A cada um que me acompanhou de perto (ou mesmo de longe), deixando uma marca neste trabalho, com todo meu carinho, obrigada! Monge e discípulos iam por uma estrada e, quando passavam por uma ponte, viram um escorpião sendo arrastado pelas águas. O monge correu pela margem do rio, meteu-se na água e tomou o bichinho na mão. Quando o trazia para fora, o bichinho o picou e, devido à dor, o homem deixou-o cair novamente no rio. Foi então a margem tomou um ramo de árvore, adiantou-se outra vez a correr pela margem, entrou no rio, colheu o escorpião e o salvou. Voltou o monge e juntou-se aos discípulos na estrada. Eles haviam assistido à cena e o receberam perplexos e penalizados. - Mestre, deve estar doendo muito! Porque foi salvar esse bicho ruim e venenoso? Que se afogasse! Seria um a menos! Veja como ele respondeu à sua ajuda! Picou a mão que o salvara! Não merecia sua compaixão! O monge ouviu tranqüilamente os comentários e respondeu: - Ele agiu conforme sua natureza, e eu de acordo com a minha. O monge e o escorpião Parábola Chinesa RESUMO EFEITOS BIOLÓGICOS INDUZIDOS PELO VENENO TOTAL de Tityus serrulatus E SUAS FRAÇÕES TsTx-V, TOXINA GAMA E PEPTÍDEO NATRIURÉTICO. Doutoranda: Renata de Sousa Alves. Orientadora: Dra. Helena Serra Azul Monteiro. Universidade Federal do Ceará. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia. 2008. O veneno do escorpião Tityus serrulatus é uma mistura de peptídeos tóxicos e não tóxicos com diversas ações locais e sistêmicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os efeitos cardiovasculares e renais induzidos pelo veneno total do escorpião T. serrulatus e de suas frações TsTx-V, Toxina γ e Natriurética. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar machos (250-300g) para os experimentos de perfusão de rim isolado, leito mesentérico, pressão arterial e perfusão in vivo. Para os ensaios de canal deferente foram utilizados camundongos Swiss (30-40g). O veneno de T. serrulatus apresentou efeito sobre o sistema nervoso autônomo observado através da contração do vaso deferente. O veneno total mostrou efeito adrenérgico demonstrado pela reversão dos seus efeitos renais após pré-tratamento dos rins com antagonista α-adrenérgico prazosin, especialmente sobre a resistência vascular -1 -1 renal (RVRVTs = 7,51 ± 0,96 vs RVRPz = 5,51 ± 0,43 mmHg/mL.g .min *,*p<0,05) e pressão de perfusão (PPVTs = 150,1 ± 18,40 vs PPPz = 118,1 ± 4,00 mmHg*,*p<0,05). As frações isoladas mostraram efeitos renais somatórios, haja visto que TsTx-V promoveu aumento da diurese e a Toxina γ causou efeitos pressóricos. Após avaliação histopatológica dos efeitos renais das frações isolados do veneno de T. serrulatus, observamos a presença de material protéico nos espaços urinários glomerulares e nos túbulos. Entretanto, no leito vascular mesentérico, somente a toxina γ mostrou-se ativa. Os efeitos renais induzidos pela fração natriurética (0,03 e 0,1µg/mL) revelaram aumento da pressão e, de maneira concentração-dependente, diminuição da reabsorção de eletrólitos e aumento da excreção urinária de guanosina monofosfato cíclico (GMPc). Nos experimentos in vivo, tanto o veneno total quanto a fração natriurética causaram aumento da pressão arterial média (PAM) e diminuição do hematócrito. Em adição, a fração natriurética causou ainda a elevação do fluxo urinário e da freqüência cardíaca. O clearance de inulina foi utilizado para a avaliação da função renal in vivo. O veneno total diminui significativamente o clearance da inulina, enquanto a fração natriurética causou elevação. O fluxo plasmático renal cortical, avaliado através do clearance de p- aminohipurato, foi reduzido por ação do veneno total de T. serrulatus. Em conclusão, o veneno
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